CN101498455A - Process technique for incineration tail gas of medical waste, hazardous waste and consumer waste - Google Patents
Process technique for incineration tail gas of medical waste, hazardous waste and consumer waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101498455A CN101498455A CNA2008101974053A CN200810197405A CN101498455A CN 101498455 A CN101498455 A CN 101498455A CN A2008101974053 A CNA2008101974053 A CN A2008101974053A CN 200810197405 A CN200810197405 A CN 200810197405A CN 101498455 A CN101498455 A CN 101498455A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tail gas
- cooling
- gas
- temperature
- waste
- Prior art date
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- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002699 waste materials Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006297 dehydration reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010813 municipal solid wastes Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000006386 neutralization reactions Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000004744 fabrics Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001081830 Degeneriaceae Species 0.000 abstract 8
- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001385 heavy metals Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 231100000783 metal toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound 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[Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 start shooting Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substances Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N water-d2 Chemical group 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[2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005200 wet scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y02E20/363—
Abstract
Description
(1) technical field:
The present invention relates to environmental technology field, is a kind of clinical waste, hazardous waste, consumer waste incineration tail gas treatment process.
(2) background technology:
Clinical waste, hazardous waste, the tail gas of house refuse after burning contain a large amount of harmful substances, deal with improperly, will cause serious secondary environmental pollution.The technological process of present similar processing tail gas comprises that the tail gas that 1. incinerators are discharged at first is cooled to 850-950 ℃ through air cooler; 2. be cooled to 650-750 ℃ through water cooler; 3. through≤200 ℃ of chilling extracting tower coolings; 4. through applicator, adsorption tower adsorb and be cooled to 130-180 ℃ in advance; 5. through bag-type dust, temperature is controlled at 130-170 ℃; 6. discharge cleaning of off-gas through exhaust system.Process conscientiously being researched and analysed and putting into practice above-mentioned technology, and we find that there is following problem in above-mentioned technology:
(1) one-level air cooler, the secondary water cooler, existing problems:
Because like product waste incinerator structure in the stove is backward in technique, causes one-level air cooler secondary water cooler, can only directly accepts dual firing chamber 〉=850-1100 ℃ of high temperature cigarette and handle.A) accept the flue-gas temperature height, handle load and increase the weight of, specification of equipment strengthens thereupon; B) harmful waste high-temperature process flue gas, temperature height, moisture content are heavy, harmful, corrosion component is complicated, and high temperature corrosion is very serious.C) indirect heat transfer body material type selecting difficulty, cost an arm and a leg, the life-span is short.And then causing the project construction investment to increase, the overhaul maintenance cost increases, the operating cost height.Project owner's profit margin is low, and the stable normal operation of the project that can influence probably causes the project owner not according to normal running, and effect is disposed in influence, continues contaminated environment.
(2) three grades of chilling extracting towers, existing problems:
A. inlet temperature 〉=500 ℃, outlet temperature≤200 ℃, the chilling period national Specification must be finished in 1 second, and semidry method alkali lye amount is few, is difficult to finish chilling requirement in 1 second, and control bioxin pollutant secondary synthetic effect reduces, and disposes not thorough;
B. in the chilling alkali lye and the depickling disposing technique, dispose together in same process equipment, two kinds of disposing technique specification requirement itself is opposite service behaviour principles, and it is fast that chilling is wanted; Need a large amount of cold media fluids to take away heat fast; In and depickling want slow, mix fully, in and the time to grow, temperature is low, deacidification effect could improve.Thus: bi-level treatment technology is mixed into one and disposes, the effect extreme difference.
C. in the gas washing and depickling after exit gas temperature too high, particularly the semidry method treatment technology of Cai Yonging sprays into a small amount of alkali lye and all evaporates, volatileness and water-soluble heavy metal toxicity thing can still be stored in the saturated gas moisture content.
D. outlet temperature is too high: influence follow-up active carbon adsorption effect, do not have the effect of effective absorption bioxin and other pollutant at all, cause secondary environmental pollution.
E. partly the heavy metal toxicity thing of volatileness can not make its cooling condensation and adsorb, and will discharge the secondary pollution environment with boil-off gas.
F. partly water-soluble heavy metal toxicity thing can not be washed the liquid absorption, discharges the secondary pollution environment with boil-off gas;
G. outlet temperature is too high, sprays into alkali lye and all evaporates, and desulfurization, denitration neutralization reaction effect are extremely low; Exhaust gas volumn increases, and causes the subsequent treatment load to increase the weight of; Flue gas moisture content height, seriously corroded, the specification of equipment investment is high.
H. have a strong impact on the anticorrosive main material of follow-up equipment and select for use, preservative treatment expense height, maintenance cost is big.
(3) the pre-applicator of level Four, the adsorption tower existing problems:
The too high influence of flue-gas temperature of technology control before the problem that exists mainly is subjected to, cause sorbing materials such as activated carbon, do not have the effect of effective absorption, because the best effectively adsorption temp of active carbon adsorption material is a normal temperature, generally is advisable at 30-40 ℃, be release temperature more than 100 ℃, in similar technology cause this process equipment running temperature for 160-180 ℃, having formed in fact is the invalid process equipment of one-level, and has increased ineffective investment and invalid operating cost.
(4) Pyatyi sack cleaner, existing problems:
The influence of technological control temperature technology before this equipment is subjected to must be accepted〉160-180 ℃ high-temperature flue gas, up to high moisture content flue gas operation more than 40%.
A. accept the operation of high moisture content flue gas, particularly start shooting, the shutdown stage is with variation of temperature, will cause dewfall to stick with paste bag, resistance increases, and power strengthens, and deashing difficulty, and the stable negative pressure operation of process equipment and incinerator before can influencing are polluted working environment;
B. accept the high-temperature flue gas operation, cause deduster main body inner wall preservative treatment difficulty, expense height, high temperature resistance, anti-(high moisture content) dewfall to filter cloth bag price extra-high-speed, the life-span is short; The necessary preferred high-grade high temperature resistance anticorrosive material of bag cage, investment is big, maintenance cost is high.
C. this equipment is that the harmful waste incineration tail gas is disposed one process equipment in back, continue to accept high temperature, high moisture content saturated gas operation, about 40% saturation water still is stored in the gas in the flue gas, through exhaust blower, atmosphere is discharged in the chimney motion cooling that 35M is high, particularly winter, the exhanst gas outlet temperature plunged, saturated moisture content in the flue gas will condensation form water droplet, the heavy metal toxicity thing of part volatileness, partly water-soluble heavy metal toxicity thing will fall into the earth with the water droplet ejection, partly will become the globule to flow to following discharge with the inner wall of stack dewfall, particularly in the semidry method chilling of Xuan Zeing and the deacidifying process technology, do not go up sewage treatment process, the chimney bottom sewage of discharging thus, all serious secondary pollution environment.
Comprehensive conclusion, similar prior art is not in place to UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, the process configuration of harmful waste high temperature incineration vent gas treatment, technological process control temperature is unreasonable, the hot operation of vent gas treatment overall process, high temperature neutralization reaction, high temperature absorption, high moisture content 〉=130-170 ℃ high temperature saturated gas discharging.The heat recovery rate is low, energy consumption is high, and high temperature neutralization reaction, high temperature absorption were lost efficacy, low, the weak effect of efficient, and it is not thorough to purify disposal.The heavy metal toxicity thing of most volatileness and the water-soluble heavy metal toxicity thing of part will enter atmosphere with high-temperature, high moisture content saturated gas, or the chimney breast condensation forms water droplet and is sprinkled into the earth and causes secondary pollution, exhaust system place hot operation corrosion-resistant treatments difficulty, investment is big, maintenance cost is high, and is difficult to reach the purpose of thorough harmless treatment.
(3) summary of the invention:
It is not in place to the objective of the invention is to solve existing tail gas treatment process configuration, and temperature control is unreasonable, purifies to dispose halfway problem, and a kind of clinical waste, hazardous waste, consumer waste incineration tail gas treatment process are provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that it is characterized in that: comprise following technological process: (1) at first is cooled to 650-700 ℃ through air cooler from the hot gas chamber tail gas discharged of incinerator dual firing chamber to the improvement of existing tail gas treatment process and perfect; (2) through the cold flue gas heat exchanger be cooled to≤600 ℃; (3) through water cooler be cooled to≤500 ℃; (4) in one-level warm rapid quench tower be chilled in 1 second≤200 ℃, and continue washing through the duplex base of quench tower and be cooled to≤80 ℃; (5) in secondary washing extracting tower and absorbing, cooling to≤50 ℃; (6) through condensation dehydration be cooled to≤35 ℃; (7) low temperature drying absorption; (8) return step (2) cold flue gas heat exchanger and be warming up to 70-90 ℃; (9) bag-type dust, second adsorption; (10) exhaust system is discharged cleaning of off-gas.
For improving the utilization rate of waste heat recovery, help the temperature control of subsequent technique, the present invention carried out UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN before incinerator dual firing chamber outlet tail gas enters air cooler, heat in dry cracking room going into stokehold rubbish, and make tail gas be cooled to≤800 ℃.
The present invention shows to have following characteristics through experiment:
1. improve the heat recovery rate, have comprehensive advantage and effect;
2. the middle temperature of Cai Yonging (500-≤200 ℃) flue gas wet gas cleaning rapid quench technology, the secondary of effectively controlling the bioxin pollutant is synthetic;
3. in the low temperature of Cai Yonging (≤65 ℃) the flue gas alkali liquid washing and absorb lime block, activated carbon low temperature (30-50 ℃) efficient drying gas adsorbing process;
4. the condensation cooling of augmenting, dehydration, depositing dust decontamination process for purifying;
A. thoroughly remove De bioxin in the flue gas;
B. effectively remove the heavy metal toxicity thing of the part volatileness in the flue gas;
C. remove effectively in the flue gas that part can't be condensed, absorption, water-soluble heavy metal chloride;
D. the compound (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide) that absorbs oxysulfide, halogen and hydrogen in the flue gas that effectively neutralizes plays high-efficiency desulfurization, denitration effect;
E. effectively remove noxious pollutants such as fluoride in the flue gas, mercury, benzene exhaust air;
F. effectively remove the high moisture content in the flue gas, eliminate chimney breast cooling water droplet spray (stream) and go out;
G. guarantee reaches and is better than HBC33-2004, GB19128-2003, H/T177-2005, HJ/T176-2005, the discharging of GB18181-2001 national standard, is an energy-saving and emission-reduction advanced technology that country advocates.
5. the cold flue gas heating process of Zeng Jiaing: will effectively adsorb dew-point temperature (30-50 ℃) cold flue gas of loss through washing, condensation cooling dehydration, low temperature, and utilize native system waste heat heat temperature raising (〉=70-≤90 ℃) back to enter sack cleaner by utilidor.
A. ensure cloth bag not dewfall, do not stick with paste bag;
B. be easy to deashing, reduce resistance, the safeguards system flue gas is unimpeded, stablize negative pressure moves;
C. operation can improve service life of equipment, energy-saving run maintenance cost continuously.
(4) description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing is a process chart of the present invention.
(5) specific embodiment:
The present invention is used for the processing technological flow of medical waste (or dangerous goods, house refuse) incineration tail gas, referring to accompanying drawing, may further comprise the steps:
1. the flue gas of discharging through incinerator dual firing chamber afterbody is about 1050 ℃, sends into drying garbage cracking room heating rubbish through hot gas chamber thermal conductor indirect heat transfer, carries out UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, and make flue-gas temperature reduce to≤800 ℃;
2. be cooled to 650-700 ℃ through air cooler, its inner core is the high-temperature flue gas passage, and exocoel is a secondary oxygenating air duct, and stove oxygenating air, heat recovery are gone in heating;
Through the cold flue gas heat exchanger be cooled to≤600 ℃, heat exchanger cavity is middle temperature exhaust gases passes, exocoel is a condensation cooling dehydration back dew-point temperature exhaust gases passes, by thermal conductor to exocoel indirec radiation temperature, the dew-point temperature flue gas is heated up, get rid of the dew-point temperature operation of sack cleaner place, the waste heat recovery comprehensive utilization;
Through water cooler be cooled to≤500 ℃, for follow-up emergency cooling process equipment provides stable purification condition, waste heat recovery comprehensive utilization, outer heat supply water;
5. directly enter " warm rapid quench tower in the one-level " by temperature (≤500 ℃) flue gas in the water cooler outlet, spray into the direct exchange of appropriate amount of fluid or alkali lye and flue gas and take away heat fast, reduce flue-gas temperature, by reduce in 500 ℃ of 1 second＜200 ℃, control bioxin secondary is synthetic.
The quench tower bottom is during quench tower extremely washs and extracting tower (intermediate alkali liquid washing) duplex base, and standby liquid-jet device and sludge settling are housed concentrate extrusion device, main effect: prevention chilling, elementary washing feed flow, spray system fault, in time replenish the stable purification of hydrojet, adopt temperature detection and the interconnected automatic control measure of standby liquid-jet device, wash be cooled to≤80 ℃.
6. duplex base outlet low temperature (≤80 ℃) flue gas by warm rapid quench tower bottom in the one-level directly enters " secondary washing extracting tower ", high pressure sprays into fogged lye, fully mix neutralization deacidification, desulfurization, denitration, toxin expelling with low-temperature flue gas, control outlet temperature≤50 ℃, average running temperature≤65 ℃.Effectively remove " a small amount of oxysulfide ", " compound of halogen and hydrogen, (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide etc.) ", " heavy metal contaminants of volatileness ", " partly water-soluble heavy metal chloride " and other nuisance in the flue gas.
7. carrying heat radiation to enter " condensation cooling dehydrating tower " by secondary washing extracting tower top outlet low temperature (≤50 ℃) flue gas by pipeline adopts cold water and flue gas indirect exchange cooling (the low more effect of supply water temperature is good more) to set up the water conservancy diversion device that blocks water to reduce flow velocity and dewater.
Main heavy water part of removing in the flue gas is effectively removed saturated part noxious pollutant remaining in flue gas moisture content, improves clean-up effect, for following road absorbing process provides good cryogenic absorption condition, plays effective suction-operated.
8. deliver into " dry adsorption tower " by exporting low temperature (≤35 ℃) flue gas above the plash of condensation dehydrating tower bottom through pipeline, inner chamber is equipped with fixedly absorption material such as graininess " lime block ", " drier ", " activated carbon ", and dispose pulverized limestone, activated carbon powder mixed high-voltage, spraying feedway, under low temperature environment, have the good adsorption effect and continue to remove moisture drying gas.
9. the low-temperature flue gas after the drying absorption returns and enters aforementioned the 3rd step cold flue gas heat exchanger, utilizes the native system waste heat to carry out indirect exchange heating flue gas, the dew-point temperature flue gas is warmed up on the dew point 〉=70 ℃-＜90 ℃.
10. be inhaled into sack cleaner through utilidor, avoid the bag-type dust dewfall and stick with paste bag, be easy to deashing and reduce resistance, guarantee that the total system negative pressure normally moves, effectively remove flue dust in the gas and cryogenic temperature condensation and be attracted to heavy metal toxicity thing in the flue dust.
11. enter atmosphere by exhaust system through the tail gas after the sack cleaner purification.
The present invention adopts and has realized:
1. adopt high-temperature flue gas level Four UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN technology: secondary recovery is advanced stove self utilization, the secondary recovery comprehensive utilization;
2. warm flue gas first class purification technology in adopting: wet scrubbing rapid quench;
3. adopt three grades of process for purifying of low-temperature flue gas: one-level washing neutralization reaction, one-level condensation dehydration depositing dust toxin expelling, a grade low-temp effectively adsorb;
4. adopt low temperature, low moisture content, low concentration, flue gas one-level bag-type dust, second adsorption technology in 70-90 ℃ of cold flue gas heat temperature raising: the activated carbon powder second adsorption that is brought into is beneficial to and prolongs adsorption time and raise the efficiency.Dry gas on the dew-point temperature, cloth bag trap filter flue dust, no dewfall is not stuck with paste bag, and it is low to be easy to the deashing resistance, and it is unimpeded to help the exhaust system flue gas, ensures full CIU negative pressure operation.
Ten road technologies have been finished: high-temperature flue gas waste heat high efficiency is recycled, and is energy-saving and cost-reducing; In warm flue gas rapid quench, the secondary of controlling bioxin pollutant is synthetic; The washing neutralization reaction of low-temperature flue gas, absorption, dehydration depositing dust toxin expelling provide effective purifying exhaust air condition, efficient purifying exhaust air; Temperature, the second adsorption of low-concentration flue gas, cloth bag dust removal by filtration in low have been finished last thoroughly harmless treatment together.
Realized " efficient energy-saving and emission-reducing ", dustless, smokeless, odorless, nontoxic discharging, chimney does not have high moisture content (being harmful to) saturated gas and enters atmosphere, stably reaching standard, the discharging of excellent mark.
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