CN101485064A - Magnet for a dynamoelectric machine, dynamoelectric machine and method - Google Patents

Magnet for a dynamoelectric machine, dynamoelectric machine and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101485064A
CN101485064A CNA2007800215961A CN200780021596A CN101485064A CN 101485064 A CN101485064 A CN 101485064A CN A2007800215961 A CNA2007800215961 A CN A2007800215961A CN 200780021596 A CN200780021596 A CN 200780021596A CN 101485064 A CN101485064 A CN 101485064A
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China
Prior art keywords
coercivity
magnet
dynamoelectric machine
magnetic
magnet member
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Pending
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CNA2007800215961A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
大卫·富尔顿
威廉姆·蔡
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Remy International Inc
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Remy International Inc
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Publication of CN101485064A publication Critical patent/CN101485064A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/03—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed herein is an apparatus relating to a magnet member (18,118,218,318,418,518) for a dynamoelectric machine comprising, a first portion (34,134,234,334,434,534) of the magnet member made of a first magnetic material and a second portion (38,138,238,338,438,534) of the magnet member made of a second magnetic material. Further disclosed is a method that relates to increasing performance of an electric machine comprising, determining locations of high demagnetization fields at the dynamoelectric machine, and positioning a magnetic member having a first portion having a higher level of coercivity and a second portion having a lower level of coercivity in the machine such that the portion having a higher level of coercivity is more proximate the location of high demagnetization fields than the portion having the lower level of coercivity.

Description

The magnet, motor generator and the method that are used for motor generator
Background technology
Motor generator (dynamoelectric machine) uses permanent magnet that mechanical energy is changed into electric energy and electric energy is changed into mechanical energy usually.Stipulated that some parameters relevant with permanent magnet are to optimize the performance of machine, for example shape, size, material and the position in motor generator.
The material of making permanent magnet is a principal element of determining magnetic flux density.Utilize the maximum energy product of permanent magnet to assess the performance of permanent magnet in engineering is used, maximum energy product is the product of magnetic flux density (B) and magnetic field intensity (H), i.e. (BH) MaxUsually, have higher (BH) MaxPermanent magnet improve the performance of motor generator.Yet, for (BH) of appointment Max, the magnet material with high remanent magnetism (Br) is easier to the demagnetization of irrecoverable property than the magnet material with low remanent magnetism usually.This is because higher remanent magnetism causes lower coercive force (Hc).When operating point that magnetic flux density (B) and magnetic field intensity (H) limit on the direction of magnetization was lower than flex point on the demagnetization curve of permanent magnet, the demagnetization of irrecoverable property took place.
When permanent magnet experiences the magnetic field of going up in the opposite direction with magnet initial magnetization side, demagnetize.The demagnetization of irrecoverable property because in motor generator, there is the electromagnetic field that produces during the machine operation, and makes permanent magnet experience reversed polarity field in some cases, so for the useful life of machine, may be a problem.Coercive force (also representing with symbol Hc) is magnet magnetization to the tolerance of zero required counter field.The coercive force of magnet mainly changes with the material of producing magnet.Normally, for having appointment (BH) MaxPermanent magnet, coercivity and remanent magnetism are in inverse ratio, so the increase of remanent magnetism is accompanied by coercive force and descends.Though can obtain high remanent magnetism and coercive force simultaneously, it is more medium to more expensive than the material of low-coercivity or surplus magnetic values than having to realize the required material of this point.Therefore, the designer of motor generator necessary balance coercivity, remanent magnetism and cost when being identified for the permanent magnet of machine.
The improvement that reduces this compromise influence in this area is well received.
Summary of the invention
Herein disclosed is a kind of motor generator that relates to the device of magnet structure, this device comprises the first of this magnet structure of being made by first magnetic material and the second portion of this magnet structure of being made by second magnetic material.This paper also discloses a kind of device that relates to the aadynamoelectric machine member with at least one magnet structure, and wherein this at least one magnet structure comprises the multiple magnetic material that has different coercivity value mutually.
A kind of method that improves motor performance that relates to is also disclosed, this method comprises the position of determining the high demagnetizing field in the motor generator, and will comprise first and the magnetic component that has than the second portion of low-coercivity level is placed in this motor generator with higher coercivity level, make describedly have the part of higher coercivity level than the position that has than the more close described high demagnetizing field of part of low-coercivity level.
A kind of method that relates to magnetic flux distribution in adjusting (tailor) motor generator is also disclosed, comprise making a kind ofly have the first of the first coercive force level and have the magnet structure of the second portion of the second coercive force level, and settle this magnetic component to obtain the magnetic flux distribution of expectation.
Description of drawings
Below explanation should not be regarded as limiting by any way.With reference to the accompanying drawings, the similar elements Reference numeral is similar:
Fig. 1 shows the partial cross section view of rotor disclosed herein;
Fig. 2 shows the partial cross section view of another rotor disclosed herein;
Fig. 3 shows the partial cross section view of another rotor disclosed herein;
Fig. 4 shows the cross sectional view of DC motor disclosed herein (motor);
Fig. 5 shows the cross sectional view of a rotor more disclosed herein; With
Fig. 6 shows the partial cross section view of another rotor disclosed herein.
Embodiment
With reference to figure 1, the aadynamoelectric machine member 10 of the inner permanent magnetic motor of describing as rotor has the cavity 14 that is used to locate and settle magnet structure 18 that forms therein in this exemplary embodiment.In one embodiment, the size of cavity 14 is set to provide with being pressed into of magnet structure 18 and cooperates, and prevents the relative motion between rotor 10 and the magnet structure 18 thus.Illustrate as rotor in this article though should be appreciated that mechanical component 10 and other similar component, they can be used as existence such as stator, motor case equally, and do not depart from the scope of the present invention.
As mentioned above, remanent magnetism and coercitive magnetic behavior are important for the combination property of machine.The other factors that influences performance is the shape and the position of magnet structure 18 in machine of magnet structure 18.Except performance, the shape of magnet structure 18 and position also influence its to may with the permanent-magnetic field rightabout of magnetic component 18 on the sensitiveness in magnetic field.The field that this direction is opposite is sometimes referred to as the opposing magnetic field, and as indicated above, if this opposing magnetic field has enough intensity, it will have the effect that makes magnetic component 18 demagnetizations.Yet demagnetizing effect ratio on some zone of member 18 is stronger on other zones.The angle 22 of magnet structure 18, terminal 26 and surperficial 30 more is subject to the demagnetizing field influence than the other parts of magnet structure 18 usually.Therefore, certain demagnetization taking place sometimes in these zones, causes total remanent magnetism of magnet structure 18 to reduce.As mentioned above, the remanent magnetism of this magnet structure 18 reduces the overall performance decline that causes motor generator.
The embodiment of the present invention that Fig. 1 describes shows that magnet structure 18 is divided into two parts.First 34 extends to the degree of depth of being described by border 36 herein from the segment thickness of the surface 30 process magnet structures 18 of magnet structure 18.Second portion 38 comprises the remainder of magnet structure 18, i.e. part beyond the first 34.First 34 can be made by first magnetic material, and this first magnetic material has than the higher coercive force of material that is used to make second portion 38.Similarly, second portion 38 can be made by the magnetic material that a kind of remanent magnetism is higher than the material that is used to make first 34.This structure of magnet structure 18 allows the first 34 of magnet structure 18 to have the anti-demagnetization performance higher than second portion 38.Similarly, this structure allows second portion 38 to have because the higher flux density that its higher remanent magnetism level is produced.Can be to describe the adjusting part of the magnet structure that similar mode manufacturing is used for various motor generators, under the cost level of economy, to optimize the coercive force of magnet structure and to keep high remanent magnetism level simultaneously with preamble.
With reference to figure 2, it has shown an alternate embodiment of the magnet structure in the rotor.Magnet structure 118 is placed in the cavity 114 of aadynamoelectric machine member 110 (being shown as rotor herein).Magnet structure 118 is divided into first 134 and the second portion 138 that is separated by border 136.First 134 can be made by the magnetic material that coercive force is higher than second portion 138 materials, and second portion 138 can be made by the magnetic material that remanent magnetism is higher than first's 134 materials.Therefore, the first 134 of magnet structure 118 has higher anti-demagnetization performance than second portion 138.Although the magnet structure 18,118 at present is a rectangular shape, the design of a plurality of parts of the magnet structure of being made by multiple magnet material is also applicable to other shape.
With reference to figure 3, it has described the magnet structure 218 of the magneto of mounted on surface, and this magnet structure 218 has arcuate shape.Magnet structure 218 forms the outer peripheral portion of aadynamoelectric machine member 210, and aadynamoelectric machine member 210 is shown as rotor at this, is surrounded by stator 240, has air-gap 244 between them.Magnet structure 218 is divided into first 234 and the second portion 238 that is separated by boundary line 236.First 234 can be made by the magnetic material that coercive force is higher than second portion 238 materials, and second portion 238 can be made by the magnetic material that remanent magnetism is higher than first's 234 materials.Therefore, the first 234 of magnet structure 218 has the anti-demagnetization performance higher than second portion 238.
With reference to figure 4, another embodiment of the invention has been described a kind of motor generator 310 as direct current (DC) motor.Aadynamoelectric machine member 324 is shown as motor case at this, surrounds the magnet structure 318 of four arcs.Armature 340 is set in magnet structure 318 with one heart, forms air-gap 344 radially therebetween.Magnet structure 318 is divided into first 334 and the second portion 338 that is separated by boundary line 336.First 334 can be made of the magnetic material that coercive force is higher than second portion 338 materials, and second portion 338 can be made of the magnetic material that remanent magnetism is higher than first's 334 materials.Therefore, first 334 has higher anti-demagnetization performance than second portion 338 in the magnet structure 318.
The magnet structure 18,118,218,318 of Fig. 1～4 has first 34,134,234,334 and the second portion 38,138,238,338 that is separated by boundary line 36,136,236,336.The structures shape of this first 34,134,234,334 and second portion 38,138,238,338 boundary line 36,136,236,336 forms of being taked.For example, if first 34,134,234,334 and second portion 38,138,238,338 form independently permanent magnet segment, then boundary line 36,136,236,336 can be just by the try hard to keep butting surface of two contact portions of holding contact of surface normal.This normal force can be produced by for example magnet structure 18,118,218,318 accompanying aadynamoelectric machine member 10,110,210,324.As a replacement scheme, these parts can 36,136,236,336 places combine in the boundary line by adhesive.
As a replacement scheme, first 34,134,234,334 and second portion 38,138,238,338 can made 18,118,218,318 o'clock whole formation of magnet structure.For example, if the dusty material by compression forming and sintering is made magnet structure 18,118,218,318, the different magnetic materials that then can will be used for first 34,134,234,334 and second portion 38,138,238,338 before compression moulding are placed on forcing press.This manufacture method likens generation into section independently to makes more unconspicuous boundary line 36,136,236,336, boundary line in the situation of these two parts.This technology can be used for producing the magnet structure 18 that has two or more grade magnetic materials in single magnet structure 18.In this case, the designer of motor generator can be by settling the magnetic material with specific magnetic to come Custom Design magnet structure 18 in the zones of different of magnet structure 18.For example, angle 22 can have the high coercivity material content percentage that is higher than magnet structure 18 remainders, and the remainder of magnet structure 18 can use the material with higher high remanent magnetism material content percentage.Employed two kinds of magnetic materials can have than the lower volume cost of single magnet material that has high-coercive force level and high remanent magnetism level simultaneously, reduce the integral material cost of magnet structure 18 thus.
With reference to figure 5, in another embodiment, magnet structure 418 comprises a plurality of parts, for example close mutually still in fact mutually non-touching first 434 and second portion 438.This part 434,438 lays respectively in the cavity 444,448 of the aadynamoelectric machine member 410 that is shown as rotor herein.First 434 can be made by the magnetic material that coercive force is higher than second portion 438 materials, and second portion 438 can be made by the magnetic material that remanent magnetism is higher than first's 434 materials.Therefore, the first 434 of magnet structure 418 has the anti-demagnetization performance higher than second portion 438.
With reference to figure 6, an alternate embodiment of magnet structure 518 comprises a plurality of parts, for example close mutually still in fact mutually non-touching first 534 and second portion 538.This part 534,538 lays respectively in the cavity 544,548 of the aadynamoelectric machine member 510 that is shown as rotor herein.First 534 also comprises the first sub-portion 535 and the second sub-portion 536, and second portion 538 also comprises the 3rd sub-portion 539 and the 4th sub-portion 540.The first sub-portion 535 is made by the magnetic material that coercive force is higher than the second sub-portion, 536 materials, the second sub-portion 536 is made by the magnetic material that coercive force is higher than the 3rd sub-portion 539 materials, and the 3rd sub-portion 539 is made by the magnetic material that coercive force is higher than the 4th sub-portion 540 materials.Therefore, the first sub-portion 535 of magnet structure 518 has the anti-demagnetization performance of the second sub-portion 536 that is higher than, and the anti-demagnetization performance that the anti-demagnetization performance of the second sub-portion 536 is higher than the 3rd 539, the three sub-portions 539 of sub-portion is higher than the 4th sub-portion 540.Should be noted that four that the number of sub-portion is not limited to describe in this embodiment, but can be sub-portion actual number arbitrarily.In addition, the coercivity value that can look concrete between any two the sub-portions of application settings concerns.
Magnet structure 18 with multiple material also provides bigger design flexibility in others.For example, can adjust the waveform of magnetic flux density in the motor generator air-gap, to reduce torque pulsation and core loss.For the two layer sinusoidalainternal permanent magnetamachines motor, the high residual magnetic flux density that obtains at bottom can make air gap flux density more meet sine curve, thereby reduces the harmonic component of air gap flux density.In addition, the magnetic material that magnet structure is divided into different brackets can help to reduce the eddy current loss of inside theamagnet members, improves the cryogenic property of motor generator thus.In addition, cut apart magnet structure and make the motor generator with one group of parts of fixed size can have different performance levels, expend when avoiding making motor generator thus in the cost of the instrument of making components of various sizes with different performance level.The grade of permanent magnet can be more than two grades, and is for example three or more.
Though described the present invention with reference to one or more exemplary, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that do not breaking away under the scope of the invention situation, various variations can be carried out, and alternative key element of the present invention can be equal to.In addition, under the situation that does not break away from essential scope of the present invention, many modifications can be carried out so that concrete situation or material are suitable for instruction of the present invention.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the desired disclosed specific embodiments of best mode, but will comprise all embodiments that fall in the claims scope as enforcement the present invention.

Claims (12)

1.一种用于电动发电机的磁体构件，包括：1. A magnet member for a motor generator comprising: 由第一磁性材料制成的所述磁体构件的第一部分和由第二磁性材料制成的所述磁体构件的第二部分。A first portion of the magnet member is made of a first magnetic material and a second portion of the magnet member is made of a second magnetic material. 2.根据权利要求1所述的磁体构件，其中：2. The magnet member of claim 1, wherein: 所述第一部分或所述第二部分中的一个具有高于所述第一部分或所述第二部分中另一个的矫顽力，并且具有所述较高矫顽力的所述第一部分或所述第二部分中的一个具有低于所述第一部分或所述第二部分中的另一个的剩磁。One of the first portion or the second portion has a higher coercivity than the other of the first portion or the second portion, and the first portion or the second portion having the higher coercivity One of the second portions has a lower remanence than the other of the first portion or the second portion. 3.根据权利要求1所述的磁体构件，其中：3. The magnet member of claim 1, wherein: 所述第一部分是第一磁体，所述第二部分是第二磁体，并且所述第一和第二磁体相互靠近。The first part is a first magnet, the second part is a second magnet, and the first and second magnets are adjacent to each other. 4.根据权利要求1所述的磁体构件，其中：4. The magnet member of claim 1, wherein: 所述第一部分具有相对高的第一磁性材料百分比，所述第二部分具有相对高的第二磁性材料百分比，所述第一和第二部分整体形成。The first portion has a relatively high first percentage of magnetic material, the second portion has a relatively high second percentage of magnetic material, the first and second portions being integrally formed. 5.一种具有至少一个磁体构件的电动发电机构件，其中：5. A dynamoelectric machine member having at least one magnet member, wherein: 所述至少一个磁体构件包含相互具有不同矫顽力值的多种磁性材料。The at least one magnet member comprises a plurality of magnetic materials having mutually different coercivity values. 6.根据权利要求5所述的电动发电机构件，其中：6. A dynamoelectric machine assembly according to claim 5, wherein: 所述多种磁性材料具有相互不同的剩磁值。The plurality of magnetic materials have mutually different remanence values. 7.根据权利要求5所述的电动发电机构件，其中：7. The dynamoelectric machine assembly of claim 5, wherein: 所述电动发电机构件是转子。The motor-generator component is a rotor. 8.根据权利要求5所述的电动发电机构件，其中：8. The dynamoelectric machine assembly of claim 5, wherein: 所述电动发电机构件是定子。The motor-generator component is a stator. 9.根据权利要求5所述的电动发电机构件，其中：9. The dynamoelectric machine assembly of claim 5, wherein: 所述电动发电机构件是电动机壳。The motor-generator component is a motor housing. 10.一种提高电动发电机性能的方法，包括：10. A method of improving performance of an electric motor generator comprising: 选择同时具有高矫顽力水平和低矫顽力水平的各永磁材料；Selecting individual permanent magnet materials with both high and low coercive force levels; 用所述选定磁性材料制造永磁体；以及fabricating permanent magnets from said selected magnetic material; and 将所述高矫顽力永磁材料安置在表现出较高退磁场的电动发电机区域中。The high coercivity permanent magnet material is positioned in the dynamoelectric region exhibiting a higher demagnetizing field. 11.一种提高电动发电机性能的方法，包括：11. A method of improving performance of an electric motor generator comprising: 确定所述电动发电机中的高退磁场的位置；并且determining the location of a high demagnetizing field in the dynamoelectric machine; and 将包括具有较高矫顽力水平的第一部分和具有较低矫顽力水平的第二部分的磁性构件安置在所述电动发电机中，使得所述具有较高矫顽力水平的所述部分比所述具有较低矫顽力水平的所述部分更靠近所述高退磁场的位置。disposing a magnetic member comprising a first portion having a higher level of coercivity and a second portion having a lower level of coercivity in said dynamoelectric machine such that said portion having a higher level of coercivity The location of the high demagnetizing field is closer than the portion having the lower coercive force level. 12.一种调节电动发电机中磁通分布的方法，包括：12. A method of regulating flux distribution in an electric motor generator, comprising: 制造包括具有第一矫顽力水平的第一部分和具有第二矫顽力水平的第二部分的磁体构件；并且fabricating a magnet member comprising a first portion having a first coercivity level and a second portion having a second coercivity level; and 安置所述磁性构件以获得期望的磁通分布。The magnetic members are positioned to obtain a desired flux distribution.
CNA2007800215961A 2006-06-12 2007-06-08 Magnet for a dynamoelectric machine, dynamoelectric machine and method Pending CN101485064A (en)

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US60/813,115 2006-06-12

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