CN101482264B - Composite-bed low circulation fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents

Composite-bed low circulation fluidized bed boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101482264B
CN101482264B CN2008102097561A CN200810209756A CN101482264B CN 101482264 B CN101482264 B CN 101482264B CN 2008102097561 A CN2008102097561 A CN 2008102097561A CN 200810209756 A CN200810209756 A CN 200810209756A CN 101482264 B CN101482264 B CN 101482264B
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fluidized bed
combustion chamber
bed combustion
box
boiler
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CN101482264A (en
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董芃
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GREEN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENERGY SOURCE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd OF HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
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GREEN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENERGY SOURCE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd OF HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
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Abstract

The invention is a composite bed type low range circulating fluid bed boiler. A tower structure is used; multiple layers of fluid bed combustion chambers are installed along the height of a furnace chamber; the combustion chambers are internally provided with embedded pipe heating surfaces; each layer of combustion chambers can independently run; and low fluid wind speed is used for reducing abrasion of flame retardant coating and heating surface and reducing the operation power consumption of the boiler. A reheater, a superheater and a coal economizer are respectively installed inside the furnace chamber. The upper part of the outlet of the boiler furnace chamber is provided with a horizontal air preheater, and a low-temperature gas-solid cyclone separator is installed at the rear of the horizontal air preheater; fly ash matters separated are fed in a return conveyor of fly ash matters through a ash bucket and feed legs thereof, and are then fed in the fluid bed combustion chambers so as to form circulating combustion of fly ash. The fly ash matters separated from the low-temperature cyclone separator is very low, and the problems of reburning scorification and blockage of feeding material cannot occur, thereby greatly improving the reliability of fly ash circulating system.

Description

Composite-bed low circulation fluidized bed boiler
Technical field
The present invention relates to the boiler technology field, be specially multiple-hearth formula low circulation fluidized bed boiler.
Background technology
As a kind of clean coal combustion technology, Combustion technology of circulating fluidized has lot of advantages, as: temperature burning during (1) can realize, be suitable for direct desulfurization in combustion process, and the desulfuration efficiency height.Simultaneously, because ignition temperature is low, its nitrogen oxide emission is low; (2) bed material thermal capacity is big, burning low grade coal, or other solid fuels effectively, efficiency of combustion height; (3) load adjustment ability is good, and operation is simple; (4) can realize the banking fire stand-by heat, bed temperature greater than 650 ℃ condition under, can directly throw the coal thermal starting; (5) fuel preparation system is simple; (6) the lime-ash activity of Pai Chuing is good, is easy to realize comprehensive utilization of resources.
Along with Scale-up of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, nearly all large circulating fluidized bed boiler all can only select for use the interior flying dust material circulating ratio of higher stove to improve furnace cross at present, increases the excessive problem in fluidized bed combustion chamber cross section, back to solve boiler capacity.Yet some insoluble technical problems have appearred in the high magnification CFBB in application, as: (1) flame retardant coating and heating surface wear are serious; (2) operation power consumption height; (3) boiler output poor stability; (4) slagging scorification obstruction accident occurrence frequency height in the feeding back device; (5) the boiler steel consumption is big; (6) the initial dust concentration height of boiler.If can adopt the CFBB technology of stable and reliable operation, thermal efficiency height, low circulating ratio that energy consumption is low to realize Scale-up of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, will solve effectively higher circulating ratio CFBB intrinsic technical problem.
Summary of the invention
Above-mentioned shortcoming at existing high magnification CFBB the invention provides multiple-hearth formula low circulation fluidized bed boiler.It can solve existing burner hearth flame retardant coating of CFBB that adopts at present higher flying dust material circulating ratio in order to realize maximizing and insoluble problems such as heating surface wear is serious, the operation power consumption is too high, boiler output poor stability, fault rate height effectively, and has advantages such as reliable, that the thermal efficiency is high and operation energy consumption is low.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: according to the thermal parameter and the fuel characteristic of different boilers, be respectively arranged with 2~4 laminarization bed combustors along furnace height, be provided with the pipe laying heating surface in the combustion chamber, adopt low fluidising air velocity to reduce the wearing and tearing of flame retardant coating and heating surface and the operation power consumption of reduction boiler.Simultaneously, be provided with combined type secondary wind, guarantee volatile matter and the timely after-flame of tiny carbon granules at the top of each laminarization bed combustor suspension section.Owing to adopt the multicompartment fluidized bed combustion chamber, every layer of combustion chamber can independent operating, make start and the operating load adjusting more flexible, load regulation range is wider.
It is further characterized in that: described boiler adopts tower structure, is respectively arranged with reheater, superheater and economizer in burner hearth.Boiler furnace outlet top is provided with the horizontal air preheater; the mode that can adopt inertial separation in the air preheater porch with flue gas in uncombusted carbon granules that carry, greater particle size and soot particle separate, and the fluidized bed combustion chamber is gone in the carbon granules and the soot particle loopback that separate by sedimentation ash bucket and fallout loopback dipleg that its underpart is provided with.Owing to adopt tower structure, therefore the low temperature gas-solid cyclone separator of flying dust material can be arranged on the top, air preheater of boiler after.Because cyclone separator is arranged on the low temperature position of steam generator system, greatly reduce the volume flow of the flue gas of handling.This not only can save the material of cyclone separator, and an optional majority minor diameter whirlwind tube combining form improves the gas solid separation efficient of cyclone separator.Flying dust under cyclone separator separates is sent into fluidized bed combustion chamber then by ash bucket and dipleg by flying dust loopback of material machine, forms the circulating combustion of flying dust.In addition, the flying dust material temperature that the low temperature cyclone separator separates is very low, and slagging scorification can not take place to fire again, stops up the problem of material return system, and the reliability of the flying dust circulatory system is improved greatly;
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view of front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view in A-A cross section among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view in B-B cross section among Fig. 1.
Piece number explanation among the figure:
1, lower floor's feeder; 2, underflow wind transmission chamber; 3, lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber; 4, middle level feeder; 5, middle level fluidisation air compartment; 6, middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber; 7, fallout loopback dipleg; 8, upper strata feeder; 9, upper stream wind transmission chamber; 10, upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber; 11, sedimentation ash bucket; 12, air preheater outlet smoke-box; 13, level heating surface exhaust gases passes behind the air preheater; 14, air preheater prime heating surface exhaust gases passes; 15, furnace outlet flue; 16, drum; 17, reheater; 18, burner hearth; 19, second level superheater; 20, first order superheater; 21, economizer; 22, left side cinder reinjection machine; 23, lower floor's pipe laying heating surface; 24, left side cyclone dip-leg; 25, middle level pipe laying heating surface; 26, left side radish; 27, left side spin air duct group; 28, upper strata pipe laying heating surface; 29, left side cyclone inlet smoke-box, 30, left side whirlwind separator outlet smoke-box; 31, right side cyclone separator outlet smoke-box; 32, right side cyclone inlet smoke-box; 33, right side whirlwind tube group; 34, right side radish; 35, right side cyclone dip-leg; 36, right side cinder reinjection machine; 37, right side air preheater exhaust pass; 38, left side air preheater exhaust pass; 39, left side whirlwind separator outlet flue; 40, boiler flue gas outlet; 41, right side cyclone separator exhaust pass.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing optimum implementation of the present invention is described in detail.The middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6 that multiple-hearth formula low circulation fluidized bed boiler is included in the underflow wind transmission chamber 2 of front portion in the burner hearth 18, lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber 3 that be provided with from top to bottom along short transverse, that link with lower floor's feeder 1 and its underpart configuration, link with middle level feeder 4 and the middle level fluidisation air compartment 5 of its underpart configuration and the upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber 10 that links with upper strata feeder 7 and the upper stream wind transmission chamber 9 of its underpart configuration.Be provided with lower floor's pipe laying heating surface 23 in lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber 3.Be provided with middle level pipe laying heating surface 25 in the middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6.Be provided with upper strata pipe laying heating surface 28 in the upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber 10.In burner hearth 18 rear portion, be furnished with economizer 21, first order superheater 20, second level superheater 19, reheater 17 from top to bottom along short transverse.Furnace outlet flue 15 is arranged on the upper boiler front side, link with burner hearth 18 and air preheater prime heating surface flue 14 respectively, 13 of level heating surface flues link with air preheater prime heating surface flue 14 and air preheater outlet smoke-box 12 respectively behind the air preheater.Air preheater outlet smoke-box 12 links with left side cyclone inlet smoke-box 29 and right side cyclone inlet smoke-box 32 by left side air preheater exhaust pass 38 and right side air preheater exhaust pass 37 respectively.Left side whirlwind separator outlet smoke-box 30 links by left side spin air duct group 27 and left side cyclone inlet smoke- box 29, and 31 of right side cyclone separator outlet smoke-boxes export smoke-box 32 by right side whirlwind tube group 33 and right side cyclone separator and link.40 of boiler flue gas outlets link with left side whirlwind separator outlet smoke-box 30 and right side cyclone separator outlet smoke-box 31 by left side whirlwind separator outlet flue 39 and right side cyclone separator exhaust pass 41 respectively.Be provided with respectively 7 of the sedimentation ash bucket 10, the fallout loopback diplegs that link with itself and fallout loopback dipleg 7 links with middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6 in the bottom of furnace outlet flue 15.Be respectively arranged with left side radish 26 and right side radish 34 in the bottom of left side spin air duct group 27 and right side whirlwind tube group 33.24 of the cyclone dip-legs in left side link with left side radish 26 and left side flying dust loopback of material machine 22 respectively.35 of right side cyclone dip-legs link with right side radish 34 and right side flying dust loopback of material machine 36 respectively.36 in left side flying dust loopback of material machine 22 and right side flying dust loopback of material machine link at left and right sides and lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber 3 of burner hearth 18 respectively.
During boiler operatiopn, lower floor's feeder 1, middle level feeder 4 and upper strata feeder 8 are sent coal or other solid fuels into lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber 3, middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6 and upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber 10 internal combustion respectively.Underflow wind transmission chamber 2, middle level fluidisation air compartment 5 and 9 of upper stream wind transmission chambers are respectively lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber 3, middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6 and upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber 10 provides fuel combustion required air.The working medium that lower floor's pipe laying heating surface 23, middle level pipe laying heating surface 25 and 28 heat transferred that respectively lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber 3, middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6 and upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber 10 fuel combustion produced of upper strata pipe laying heating surface flow within it.The hot flue gas that lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber 3, middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6 and upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber 10 fuel combustion produce will rise in burner hearth 18, after washing away the burner hearth 18 interior economizers 21 that are provided with, first order superheater 20, second level superheater 19, reheater 17 successively, discharge burner hearths 18 by furnace outlet flue 15.Be subjected to economizer 21, first order superheater 20, second level superheater 19, also that heat transferred is the mobile working medium of reheater 17 of hot sweep of gases within it.The hot flue gas of discharging burner hearth 18 enters order that level heating surface exhaust gases passes 13 and air preheater export smoke-box 12 behind furnace outlet flue gas passage 15, air preheater prime heating surface exhaust gases passes 14, the air preheater.Enter left side cyclone inlet smoke-box 29 and right side cyclone inlet smoke-box 32 by left side air preheater exhaust pass 38 and right side air preheater exhaust pass 37 respectively then, enter left side spin air duct group 27 and right side whirlwind tube group 33 then, the flying dust in the hot flue gas is separated.Flue gas behind the separation flying dust will enter into left side whirlwind separator outlet smoke-box 30 and right side cyclone separator outlet smoke-box 31, discharge from boiler flue gas outlet 40 by left side whirlwind separator outlet flue 39 and right side cyclone separator exhaust pass 41 respectively then.Then fall into left side radish 26 and right side radish 34 respectively from left side spin air duct group 27 and flying dust under right side whirlwind tube group 33 is separated, and enter left side flying dust loopback of material machine 22 and right side flying dust loopback of material machine 36 respectively by left side cyclone dip-leg 24 and right side cyclone dip-leg 35, sent into lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber 3 at the left and right sides of burner hearth 18 respectively by these two flying dust loopback of material machines then, form the circulating combustion of flying dust.Simultaneously, the part of flying dust will be deposited in the sedimentation ash bucket 11 of its underpart setting in the hot flue gas that furnace outlet flue 15 flows, and by fallout dipleg 7, rely on gravity to be transmitted back in the middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6 that links with it and carry out circulating combustion.
Patent of the present invention also can adopt front portion in burner hearth 18, the frame mode of two layers, four layers or five laminarization bed combustors is set from top to bottom along short transverse.Left side flying dust loopback of material machine 22 or right side flying dust loopback of material machine 36 also can adopt and middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6 or upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber 10 joining set-up modes.

Claims (4)

1. multiple-hearth formula low circulation fluidized bed boiler is characterized in that the interior front portion of burner hearth (18), is provided with lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber (3), middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber (6) and upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber (10) from top to bottom along short transverse; Lower floor's feeder (1) UNICOM's lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber (3), lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber (3) bottom has disposed underflow wind transmission chamber (2); Middle level feeder (4) UNICOM's middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber (6), middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber (6) bottom has disposed middle level fluidisation air compartment (5); Upper strata feeder (7) UNICOM's upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber (10), upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber (10) bottom has disposed upper stream wind transmission chamber (9); In burner hearth (18) rear portion, be furnished with economizer (21), first order superheater (20), second level superheater (19) and reheater (17) from top to bottom along short transverse; Furnace outlet flue (15) is arranged on the upper boiler front side, link with burner hearth (18) and air preheater prime heating surface flue (14) respectively, level heating surface flue (13) then links with air preheater prime heating surface flue (14) and air preheater outlet smoke-box (12) respectively behind the air preheater, air preheater outlet smoke-box (12) links with left side cyclone inlet smoke-box (29) and right side cyclone inlet smoke-box (32) respectively, left side whirlwind separator outlet smoke-box (30) links by left side spin air duct group (27) and left side cyclone inlet smoke-box (29), right side cyclone separator outlet smoke-box (31) then links by right side whirlwind tube group (33) and right side cyclone separator outlet smoke-box (32), boiler flue gas outlet (40) then links with left side whirlwind separator outlet smoke-box (30) and right side cyclone separator outlet smoke-box (31) respectively, be respectively arranged with left side radish (26) and right side radish (34) in the bottom of left side spin air duct group (27) and right side whirlwind tube group (33), left side cyclone dip-leg (24) then links with left side radish (26) and left side flying dust loopback of material machine (22) respectively, right side cyclone dip-leg (35) then links with right side radish (34) and right side flying dust loopback of material machine (36) respectively, and left side flying dust loopback of material machine (22) and right side flying dust loopback of material machine (36) then link at left and right sides and lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber (3) of burner hearth (18) respectively.
2. multiple-hearth formula low circulation fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the burner hearth (1) along lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber (3), middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber (6) and upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber (10) that short transverse is provided with from top to bottom; Be provided with lower floor's pipe laying heating surface (23) in lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber (3), be provided with middle level pipe laying heating surface (25) in the middle level fluidized bed combustion chamber 6, be provided with upper strata pipe laying heating surface (28) in the upper strata fluidized bed combustion chamber (10).
3. multiple-hearth formula low circulation fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that boiler adopts tower structure, in burner hearth (18), be furnished with economizer (21), first order superheater (20), second level superheater (19), reheater (17) from top to bottom along short transverse.
4. multiple-hearth formula low circulation fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that left side spin air duct group (17) and right side whirlwind tube group (33) are arranged on the rear portion that air preheater exports smoke-box (12), left side spin air duct group (17) is then sent into lower floor's fluidized bed combustion chamber (3) by left side flying dust loopback of material machine (22) and right side flying dust loopback of material machine (36) respectively with the flying dust that contains carbon residue under right side whirlwind tube group (33) is separated, and forms the flying dust circulating combustion.
CN2008102097561A 2008-12-23 2008-12-23 Composite-bed low circulation fluidized bed boiler Active CN101482264B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101799155A (en) * 2010-03-02 2010-08-11 哈尔滨工业大学 External circulating multilayer combined fluidized bed boiler
CN103234193B (en) * 2013-04-27 2016-03-16 浙江圣普新能源科技有限公司 A kind of burner

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