CN101481186A - Process and apparatus for treating oil-gas field wastewater - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for treating oil-gas field wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN101481186A CN101481186A CNA2009100583625A CN200910058362A CN101481186A CN 101481186 A CN101481186 A CN 101481186A CN A2009100583625 A CNA2009100583625 A CN A2009100583625A CN 200910058362 A CN200910058362 A CN 200910058362A CN 101481186 A CN101481186 A CN 101481186A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology and a device for processing waste water of an oil gas filed. The technology for processing waste water comprises a preprocessing step and an advanced processing step, wherein the preprocessing step uses the method of electric floating processing and coagulation depositing processing, and the advanced processing step comprises oxidization processing, second-stage coagulation depositing processing, filtration and quality regulating processing. The device for processing waste water comprises a preprocessor and an advanced processor which are orderly arranged, and the preprocessor comprises an electric floating processor and a first-stage coagulation depositor which are orderly arranged. The invention has the advantages that the waste water processing effect is good, under the normal condition, the out-water index after the processing of the waste water from oil (gas) exploration can reach the first-grade standard of GB 8978-1996, and the out-water index after the processing of the waste water from well drilling and repair and underground work can reach the second-grade standard of GB8978-1996. The device for processing waste water has strong processing performance, low energy consumption and high automatic degree, and in the normal running condition of the whole device, only two people are required for cooperation and operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wastewater processing technology, relate in particular to a kind of oil gas field waste water technology and device.
Background technology
Oil-gas field waste water mainly is made up of oil-gas field recovered water, well-flushing waste water, well-drilling waste water, borehole operation waste water etc.Contain petroleum-type, SS, emulsion splitter, drilling fluid additive, soluble mineral matter, polymeric treating agent, organic matter, residual acid, alkali, heavy metal ion etc., the composition complexity, generally have characteristics such as high COD, high petroleum-type, high SS, high salinity, colourity be dark, pollution load is very high, environmental hazard is strong, and intractability is big.
The oil gas field waste water technology comprises two big step, i.e. Wastewater Pretreatment and advanced treatment.
At present, the oil gas field waste water pretreatment adopts methods such as chemical demulsification, oil removal, (molten gas) air supporting, coagulation, precipitation to carry out usually, but because this type of waste water component complexity, stability is stronger, above-mentioned treatment process ubiquity is broken surely, deoiling effect is poor, shortcomings such as added amount of chemical is big, and pollutants removal rate is low are for the processing up to standard of the follow-up degree of depth of waste water brings very big difficulty.
Advanced waste treatment method is more, can be divided into physico-chemical processes and biochemical process by handling type.Physico-chemical processes has technologies such as chemistry redox, electrochemical redox, catalyzed oxidation, absorption, extraction, membrane sepn; Biochemical process comprises aerobic and anaerobism two big class technologies.
Except that the employing biochemical processing process carries out the advanced treatment, but also pin different quality situation adopts such as Fenton reagent method, O
3Method, O
3+ H
2O
2Method, Fenton reagent+O
3Etc. method waste water is carried out advanced treatment, especially with Fenton+O
3The method treatment effect is best, but the COD clearance of these methods is all on the low side.With Fenton+O
3Method is an example, because of O
3Be the gas that is slightly soluble in water, in present treatment process or the device, generally adopt aeration head or aeration tube to add O
3, O
3And the gas-liquid mass transfer effect between the waste water is relatively poor, O
3Assimilated efficiency on the low side, thereby influenced Fenton+O
3Oxidative degradation effect to the organic contamination composition.
In addition, at China's southern area, the oil-gas field well location disperses, and the well site is remote, apart from the waste water treatment plant, stand far away.At present more adopt the tank car roping to the waste water treatment plant, the station handles, trucking costs is very big, thereby has increased processing cost.Although also occurred some portable oil gas field waste water treating equipment in recent years, but its technology is relatively backward, adopt cell process such as chemistry is broken surely, coagulation, air supporting, precipitation, filtration to carry out various combination mostly, to realize that different treatment requires and purpose, shortcomings such as that the ubiquity poor processing effect is difficult to is up to standard, treatment capacity is little, fluctuation of service, level of automation are low, processing cost height are difficult to promote the use of on a large scale.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is the shortcoming that overcomes existing oil gas field waste water technology and device, provides a kind of oil-gas field waste water treatment process up to standard, and treatment capacity is big, stable, level of automation is high, processing cost is hanged down also movably wastewater treatment equipment.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of oil gas field waste water technology comprises pre-treatment step and advanced treatment step, and described pre-treatment step adopts electric floating processing+coagulating sedimentation facture.
Described advanced treatment step comprises following substep:
1). oxide treatment
Add oxygenant in the supernatant liquor behind coagulating sedimentation, it is carried out oxide treatment;
2). the two-stage coagulation precipitation process
To in the waste water of oxide treatment, adding flocculation agent and coagulation auxiliary agent, carry out coagulating with wherein dirt, form precipitation, supernatant liquor send down the operation processing;
3). filter
With the supernatant liquor activated carbon filtration of two-stage coagulation post precipitation, filtrate send down operation to handle;
4). modifier treatment
Add the pH value conditioning agent to filtrate, regulate the filtrate pH value, make it to meet emission request.
Described oxidation step adopts the composite catalytic oxidation method, adds Fe in supernatant liquor
2+Catalyzer.
Described oxygenant is O
3Or O
3+ H
2O
2
Described filtration step adopts the combined filtration method, to the supernatant liquor adding O of two-stage coagulation post precipitation
3, again by activated carbon filtration.
A kind of oil gas field waste water treatment device comprises the pretreatment unit and the advanced treatment apparatus that are disposed in order, and described pretreatment unit comprises electric floating treatment unit and the one-level coagulating sedimentation device that is disposed in order.
Described advanced treatment apparatus comprises oxidation unit, two-stage coagulation settler, filtration unit, the adjusting monitor device that is disposed in order.
Described oxidation unit adopts the sieve-board type oxidizing tower.
Described filtration unit is O
3+ gac composite filtering equipment.
This oil gas field waste water treatment device lands fixed and arranged, or this oil gas field waste water treatment device is arranged on the carrier loader that flows.
Technique effect of the present invention:
(1) treatment effect is good.Under the normal circumstances, effluent index can reach the GB8978-1996 primary standard after (gas) wastewater treatment of recovering the oil, and effluent index can reach the GB8978-1996 secondary standard after drilling and repairing well and the borehole operation wastewater treatment.
(2) the device processing power is strong.Can adjust processing speed according to the water pollution load, setting range is at 5～10m
3Between/the h.
(3) energy consumption is low.Use total power≤40kw under the whole set normal operation.
(4) level of automation is higher.Only need 2 people's compounding practices to get final product under the whole set normal operation.
(5) maneuverability.Device realizes that skidization, available carrier vehicle are pulled to open-air flowing and use, and also can be placed on fixedly the station and carry out wastewater treatment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of this oil gas field waste water treatment device
Fig. 3 is the structural representation (3-1 vertical view, 3-2 front view) of electric floating pretreatment unit
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of sieve plate oxidizing tower
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of coagulant precipitation device
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of filtration unit
Fig. 7 is a structural representation (7-1 front view, 7-2 vertical view) of regulating monitor device
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 2: this oil gas field waste water treatment device comprises the electric floating treatment unit I, one-level coagulating sedimentation device II, oxidation unit III, two-stage coagulation settler IV, the filtration unit V that are disposed in order, regulates monitor device VI.The structure division of each several part is as follows.
Referring to Fig. 3-1, Fig. 3-2: electric floating treatment unit I comprises power supply 1, electrolyzer 2, slag chute 3 overflows.In the electrolyzer 2 vertically dispersed placement polylith pole plate 4 is arranged, pole plate 4 is divided into two groups, one group is anode, one group is negative electrode, pole plate 4 staggered arrangement of anode group, cathode sets are connected bus 5 connection power supplys 1 with separately bus 5 respectively.
Pole plate 4 adopts general carbon steel, is installed in parallel on the pole plate fixing catch 6 in the electrolyzer 2, and is supported by Cao's Steel Bracket 14; Bus 5 is used copper bar, the unipolarity mode of connection.Power supply 1 adopts the low pressure high frequency pulse power supply, and voltage 0～18V is adjustable continuously, and electric current 0～6000A is adjustable continuously.
Pole plate 4 is separated into some groups by dividing plate 7; The fixing sealing of dividing plate 7 one ends, adjacent separator 7 staggers each other, and it is moving that current are backflowed in electrolyzer 2 invaginations, forms the formula of seething.The water-in 8 of electrolyzer 2 is located at the bottom, and water outlet 9 is located at waist, goes out on advancing under forming.Water-in 8 is by water inlet pipe 10 input waste water, and water outlet 9 is discharged waste water by water shoot 11.
Overflow slag chute 3 upper limbs a little more than the liquid level in the electrolyzer 2, and its bottom outlet pipe 12 is connected with the scum pipe 13 of electrolyzer 2.
Referring to Fig. 4: oxidation unit III adopts the sieve-board type oxidizing tower, comprises tower body A, upper cover B, lower cover C; Have multilayer in the tower body A and lack circle shape sieve plate 15, the scarce limit staggered arrangement of multilayer sieve plate forms the baffling structure; The scarce limit of sieve plate 15 is provided with overflow weir 16; Overflow weir 16 falls circulation road 17 with the gap formation of tower body inwall, and upper strata sieve plate waste water falls through this passage and flow to lower floor's sieve plate; Tower body A top is provided with waterwater entrance 18, and this inlet 18 is higher than last layer sieve plate 15, and waterwater entrance 18 has catalyzer to be added mouthful.Tower body A bottom is provided with oxidant inlet 19, and this inlet 19 is lower than basecoat sieve plate 15.Upper cover B is provided with tail gas outlet 20, and lower cover C is provided with wastewater outlet 21.
Oxygenant adopts ozone, or ozone, hydrogen peroxide mixture.
Catalyzer adopts Fe
2+Reagent.
Referring to Fig. 5: the structure of coagulant precipitation device II, IV is identical, comprises coagulation jar 22, settling tank 23.Coagulation jar 22 has water intake 24, and flocculation agent agent self-feeding bucket 25 is provided with agitator 26 in the coagulation jar 22, and the outlet of coagulation jar 22 connects lift pump 27, and the outlet of lift pump 27 has line mixer 28, is used to add flocculant aid.Water outlet weir plate 29 is arranged in the settling tank 23, spatial separation in the pond is become Upstream section and tract, Upstream section is furnished with inclined tube 30, bucket 31, cowling panel 32 from top to bottom in regular turn, and inclined tube 30 is downward-sloping, inclination angle 60
0, and fixedly on the inclined tube support 33, shore pipe 34 is arranged at the bottom of the pond.Tract has flow deflector 35, and water outlet overflow port 36 is arranged on the wall.Bottom land has bucket 31, and bucket 31 is communicated with shore pipe 34.
Referring to Fig. 6: filtration unit V comprises ozonizer 37, waste water topping-up pump 38, hay tank 39.The outlet of waste water topping-up pump 38 is communicated with the water-in of hay tanks 39 bottoms by pipeline 40, and pipeline 40 is provided with ejector 41, adds from ejector 41 from the ozone of ozonizer 37, mixes with waste water.Be filled with filtration medium gac 42 in the hay tank 39, waste water filters through gac 42, discharges from the outlet 43 on hay tank 39 tops.Hay tank 39 tops are provided with pressure release valve 44, are used to drain tail gas, and tank body 39 is provided with manhole 45, are convenient to load gac 42.In addition, also be furnished with backwashing pump 46, be used for the filter residue of periodic flushing filtration medium.
Referring to Fig. 7-1, Fig. 7-2: regulate monitor device VI and comprise PH controller 47, volume pump 48, complex acid jar 49, nitration mixture jar 50, monitoring jars 51.There is pipeline 52 to be connected (complex acid institute water can recycle be guarded the clear water in the jar) between monitoring jar and complex acid jar, sealing valve 53 is installed on the pipeline 52, acid solution in the complex acid jar 49 is by the water-in 55 that send acid tube road 54 to be transported to nitration mixture jar 50 of volume pump 48, one group of traverse baffle 56 is installed in the nitration mixture jar 50,55 numbers of traverse baffle are decided according to actual needs, waste water in the nitration mixture jar 50 enters monitoring jar 51 by water-in 57, the induction electrode 58 of PH controller 47 is fixed in the monitoring jar 51 by fixing catch 59, and the clear water in the monitoring jar 51 is discharged by water outlet 60.
Referring to Fig. 1, the workflow and the principle of present method are as follows:
Waste water carries out electrolysis, flocculation, air supporting processing by being pumped into electric floating treatment unit, and electric floating device adopts the power supply of low pressure high frequency pulse power supply.Under galvanic effect, plate material enters in the waste water because of generation forced oxidation-reduction reaction loses electronics generation metal ion, with the OH in the water
-Effect forms multiple hydroxo complex, multinuclear hydroxo complex and oxyhydroxide.These resultants are active strong, purify water at the bottom of formation great quantity of floc such as colloidal particle in the waste water, suspended substance, heavy metal ion are deposited to the pond thereby can condense strongly and adsorb; Simultaneously, polar board surface also can discharge O during electrolysis
2, H
2, CO
2, Cl
2Deng, form the micro bubble of a large amount of diameter 10～30 μ m, because the micro bubble surface-area is big, the colloidal particle, suspended substance, heavy metal ion, oil and the flco that easily adhere in uphill process in the waste water form scum silica frost; Scum silica frost is discharged by overflow groove.In addition, can produce OH free radical during electrolysis, so also have oxidation, decolouring, deodorizing, disinfectant ability with strong oxidation capacity.According to the difference of conductivity of waste water, can in waste water, add a small amount of salt to improve the waste water conductivity, usually [C1
-] 〉=1000mg/l can add.Compare with traditional electrical air supporting treatment unit, this cell arrangement is energy-conservation more than 30%, operating voltage≤12V, treating processes is safe and reliable, waste water specific power consumption≤1KW ton waste water, plate material consumption reduces more than 30%, and supporting power volume is little, weight hundreds of kilogram only.
The water outlet of handling through electric floating device enters one-level coagulating sedimentation device, the employing automatic gear quantitatively adds an amount of flocculation agent and the coagulation auxiliary agent carries out coagulating, mixed liquid behind the coagulation enters tube settler and carries out rapid subsidence, supernatant liquor after the sedimentation enters next advanced treatment unit, and settling tank bottom sediment is discharged by the bottom scum pipe.One-level coagulating sedimentation device mainly is that great quantity of floc and precipitation by metallic ion that electric floating unit produces are got off, and makes water become clear, for follow-up advanced treatment creates favorable conditions.After electric floating and one-level coagulating sedimentation was handled, SS, petroleum-type, metal ion clearance can reach 80%～95% in the waste water, and the COD clearance can reach 40%～70%.
The supernatant liquor of one-level coagulating sedimentation groove adds in the wastewater oxidation treatment unit that pumps into development voluntarily behind a small amount of catalyst aid with volume pump and carries out composite catalytic oxidation.Oxidizing treater adopts Fenton+O
3+ sieve plate oxidizing tower carries out, the gaseous oxidant O that oxygenant generation equipment produces
3Carry out gas-liquid conversed mixing from oxidizing tower bottom access to plant, the reaction of homogeneous phase composite catalytic oxidation takes place, the waste water after reaction finishes is discharged from bottom of device, and tail gas is discharged from the device top vent.Owing in the oxidation unit multilayer traverse baffle that is covered with micropore is installed, waste water when flowing through oxidation unit and oxygenant long duration of contact, simultaneously gaseous oxidant by behind the micropore with the waste water full contact, therefore, redox reaction completely, COD clearance height, colourity stripping speed is fast, the processing efficiency height.Adopt aeration head or aeration tube to compare with tradition, gas-liquid mass transfer efficient is higher when adopting the sieve plate oxidizing tower, O
3Assimilated efficiency can reach more than 70%.After oxide treatment, can further remove 10%～20% waste water COD.
Owing to still contain a small amount of divalent-metal ion in the waste water behind the one-level coagulating sedimentation, also added micro Fe in the oxide treatment unit simultaneously
2+, divalent ion changes into trivalent ion and makes waste water have certain color after oxide treatment, need carry out further coagulating sedimentation and handle, and to remove metal ion, reduces chroma in waste water.Therefore, enter the two-stage coagulation settler behind input small amount of flocculant and the auxiliary agent and carry out coagulating sedimentation in the water outlet that oxidation unit is handled, principle of work is with one-level coagulating sedimentation device.
The supernatant liquor of two-stage coagulation settler enters filtration unit and carries out fine filtering.This step adopts O
3+ gac compound filtering technology, O
3The employing ejector adds, and enters activated charcoal filter after waste water mixes.Because O when filtering
3Constantly gac inside adsorption site is carried out the oxidation desorb, compare with simple employing activated carbon filtration, the saturated cycle stretch-out of gac, improve more than 30% work-ing life.So reduced the consumption of filtrate, saved cost.Simultaneously, O
3Can also be that COD plays further oxidative degradation, decolorization to the organism in the filtered wastewater, to guarantee that filtering water outlet COD value reaches the above standard-required of GB8978-1996 secondary.
Owing to all added excessive alkaline sedimentation medicament in the I and II coagulation-settlement process, therefore, filter water outlet and be alkalescence, need enter the adjusting monitor device and carry out the PH adjusting.The PH controller is controlled the acid amount that adds of volume pump automatically in the monitoring jar according to water quality pH value situation, acid solution utilizes the water impact effect to mix automatically with the water inlet of nitration mixture jar, mixed waste water enters the monitoring tank stores by a monitoring jar water-in, realize that so automatic PH detects-add the closed cycle that acid-mixing-storage-PH detects, discharged after the adjusting of waste water pH value is up to standard.
Claims (10)
1. an oil gas field waste water technology comprises pre-treatment step and advanced treatment step, it is characterized in that: described pre-treatment step adopts electric floating processing+coagulating sedimentation facture.
2. oil gas field waste water technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that described advanced treatment step comprises following substep:
1). oxide treatment
Add oxygenant in the supernatant liquor behind coagulating sedimentation, it is carried out oxide treatment;
2). the two-stage coagulation precipitation process
To in the waste water of oxide treatment, adding flocculation agent and coagulation auxiliary agent, carry out coagulating with wherein dirt, form precipitation, supernatant liquor send down the operation processing;
3). filter
With the supernatant liquor activated carbon filtration of two-stage coagulation post precipitation, filtrate send down operation to handle;
4). modifier treatment
Add the pH value conditioning agent to filtrate, regulate the filtrate pH value, make it to meet emission request.
3. oil gas field waste water technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described oxidation step adopts the composite catalytic oxidation method, adds Fe in supernatant liquor
2+Catalyzer.
4. oil gas field waste water technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described oxygenant is O
3Or O
3+ H
2O
2
5. oil gas field waste water technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described filtration step adopts the combined filtration method, to the supernatant liquor adding O of two-stage coagulation post precipitation
3, again by activated carbon filtration.
6. an oil gas field waste water treatment device comprises the pretreatment unit and the advanced treatment apparatus that are disposed in order, it is characterized in that: described pretreatment unit comprises electric floating treatment unit and the one-level coagulating sedimentation device that is disposed in order.
7. oil gas field waste water treatment device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described advanced treatment apparatus comprises oxidation unit, two-stage coagulation settler, filtration unit, the adjusting monitor device that is disposed in order.
8. oil gas field waste water treatment device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described oxidation unit adopts the sieve-board type oxidizing tower.
9. oil gas field waste water treatment device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described filtration unit is O
3+ gac composite filtering equipment.
10. oil gas field waste water treatment device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: this oil gas field waste water treatment device lands fixed and arranged, or is arranged on the carrier loader that flows.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
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