CN101446455A - Method for preparing multi-temperature refrigerator with variable evaporation temperature - Google Patents
Method for preparing multi-temperature refrigerator with variable evaporation temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN101446455A CN101446455A CNA2008101798598A CN200810179859A CN101446455A CN 101446455 A CN101446455 A CN 101446455A CN A2008101798598 A CNA2008101798598 A CN A2008101798598A CN 200810179859 A CN200810179859 A CN 200810179859A CN 101446455 A CN101446455 A CN 101446455A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a multi-temperature refrigerator with variable vaporization temperature. A single compressor, a condenser, a gas-liquid separator, a condensation evaporator, a throttle, an evaporator and a three-way flux distributing valve are used as components. Multi-non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant is used as refrigerant. Based on original self overlapping circulation, the evaporator which is used in a high temperature chamber or a variable temperature chamber and one or two three-way flux distributing values are added; the component of mixed refrigerant entering into the evaporator is regulated by the characteristic of multi-non-azeotropic mixture; two grades or three grades different evaporation temperatures are provided under same evaporation pressure; and one grade evaporation temperature thereof can be adjusted according to the requirement of the user. The applicable multi-non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant consists of low-boiling point working fluid and high-boiling point working fluid, and one or several are selected from two sets of the high-boiling point working fluid and the low-boiling point working fluid to be used as component refrigerant of the non-azeotropic mixture. The invention has the characteristics of convenient control and energy-saving operation.
Description
Technical field
A kind of providing than the low tone room temperature and the how warm refrigeration machine that have the variable evaporating temperature of one-level and the non-azeotropic mixed working medium of use is provided, particularly a kind ofly enters the preparation method of the how warm refrigeration machine that mix refrigerant component in the evaporimeter realizes regulating evaporating temperature and the non-azeotropic mixed working medium of use with multistage evaporation temperature by adjusting.
Background technology
The freezing and refrigeration of food or medical supplies is one of commercial refrigeration application fields of having a large capacity and a wide range the most, and the principal mode of the device of the type is the refrigerating plant of " the many temperature of a machine " type at present.The refrigerating plant of " machine many temperature " type is in order to adapt to different storing storage temperature differences, provides the refrigeration system of a plurality of room temperature degree, the extensive use because its flow process is simple by a compressor.But these " the many temperature of a machine " are though the refrigerating plant of type can provide a plurality of room temperature degree at present, owing to use the unitary system cryogen, but have only one-level and the corresponding evaporating temperature of minimum room temperature degree in the cold-producing medium circulation, this makes cold-producing medium have bigger heat transfer temperature difference when providing cold to other chamber, energy can not rationally make full use of, and has difficulties when each room temperature of control is spent.With present typical two warm refrigeration machines (fridge-freezer) is example, the temperature of refrigerating chamber and refrigerating chamber maintains 5 ℃ and-24 ℃ respectively, but the evaporating temperature of cold-producing medium in refrigerating chamber and freezer evaporator is about-30 ℃, certainly will make the heat transfer temperature difference in the refrigerating chamber cause the available energy loss more greatly, make the available energy usage factor of whole system reduce, and cross low evaporating temperature and cause the storing drying loss in the refrigerating chamber to increase, quickened the ageing process of fruit, dish.Therefore, have only this refrigeration system to adopt two independently evaporimeters, provide two different evaporating temperatures and respectively and two chamber chilling temperatures be complementary, just can thoroughly address the above problem.
In addition, for same chamber, when the different storing of cooling, room temperature degree also requirement can change to regulate and makes it to conform to the best storage temperature of this storing, therefore, novel household refrigeration machine in the market is to satisfy people all to be provided with chamber between alternating temperature for high-quality, the fresh-keeping requirement of diversification, and the temperature of chamber can change between refrigerator chamber and freezing compartment between alternating temperature, for different food products provides best storage temperature.But the evaporating temperature of chamber generally is exactly the evaporating temperature of freezing compartment between existing refrigeration machine alternating temperature, when though the temperature of chamber changes between alternating temperature, but its evaporating temperature does not change, bigger heat transfer temperature difference can bring the available energy loss to increase equally, problems such as food drying loss increase, have only the evaporating temperature of chamber between alternating temperature to change along with the temperature of a chamber, for how warm refrigeration machine provides one-level variable evaporating temperature, it is fresh-keeping freezing to satisfy between alternating temperature the high-quality of chamber.
Existing refrigeration machine is when the steam compression type circulation (single stage compress) of adopting the unitary system cryogen, can't satisfy the room temperature degree and drop to requirement about-40 ℃, this is because when evaporating temperature and condensation temperature differ big, and can not find a kind of cold-producing medium, can to satisfy condensing pressure lower and evaporating pressure is higher.But some seafood food need store in the chamber between below-40 ℃, and when how warm refrigeration machine is used for medical field storage medicine and medical science articles for use, also need lower room temperature degree, therefore can provide the how warm refrigeration machine of room temperature degree below-40 ℃ will have the wider scope of application.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned how warm refrigeration machine exist owing to only have problems such as the available energy usage factor that the one-level evaporating temperature causes reduces, each room temperature degree control difficulty, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of preparation method with how warm refrigeration machine of variable evaporating temperature is provided, this method is based on improving from the overlapping kind of refrigeration cycle, have two-stage or three grades of different evaporating temperatures, and wherein the one-level evaporating temperature can be adjusted according to needed room temperature degree within the specific limits, and the non-azeotropic mixed working medium that is applicable to this how warm refrigeration machine is provided.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of preparation method with how warm refrigeration machine of variable evaporating temperature, it is characterized in that, should how warm refrigeration machine comprise between refrigeration compressor A, condenser B, gas-liquid separator C, condenser/evaporator D, first throttle valve F1 and the second choke valve F2, high temperature chamber evaporimeter E2 and three-way flowrate distributing valve (J1) between chamber evaporimeter E1, low temperature, this how warm refrigeration machine can provide two-stage difference evaporating temperatures; When only needing to change the storage temperature of chamber between low temperature, can realize the variation of the evaporating temperature of chamber evaporimeter (E2) between low temperature to the adjusting that enters the component of the multiple non-azeotropic refrigerant of chamber evaporimeter (E2) between low temperature by three-way flowrate distributing valve (J1); The concrete preparation method of this device is:
The high-pressure exhaust of refrigeration compressor A is connecting condenser B, in condenser B, enter gas-liquid separator C with becoming gas-liquid two-phase after the mixed refrigerant vapor partial condensation, the gas phase working medium that will comprise more low boiling component cold-producing medium in gas-liquid separator C is separated with the liquid phase working fluid that comprises more high boiling component cold-producing medium, and wherein liquid phase working fluid all enters high-temperature evaporator E1 after first throttle valve F1 throttling; Gas phase working medium is condensed into saturated or subcooled liquid all enters evaporimeter E2 in chamber between low temperature after the second choke valve F2 throttling through condenser/evaporator D;
When needs are regulated the evaporating temperature of chamber evaporimeter E2 between low temperature, three-way flowrate distributing valve J1 by evaporimeter E1 exit, chamber between high temperature regulates, make the high temperature mixed working fluid that contains more high boiling component cold-producing medium that comes out from chamber evaporimeter E1 between high temperature partly or entirely enter evaporimeter E2 in chamber between low temperature, thereby enter the composition of the mixed working fluid of chamber evaporimeter E2 between low temperature and the evaporating temperature that flow changes evaporimeter E2 in chamber between low temperature by adjusting; All cold-producing medium mixes before condenser/evaporator D, and heat absorption becomes saturated or overheated gas in condenser/evaporator D, enters the air entry of compressor A.
Described polynary mixed non-azeotropic refrigerant is made up of low boiling working fluid and higher boiling working medium, and wherein low boiling working fluid comprises: tetrafluoromethane, ethene, ethane, a PVF, perfluoroethylene, fluoroform, a fluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, carbon dioxide, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, HFC-143a, a fluoroethane, propylene, propane, monochlorodifluoromethane, five fluorine monochlorethanes, perfluoropropane one of them or its several mixtures;
Higher boiling working medium comprises: allene, cyclopropane, 1,1,1,2-HFC-134a, 1,1-Difluoroethane, iso-butane, normal butane, 1-butylene, isobutene, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-propane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-HFC-236fa, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, tetrafluoro monochlorethane one of them or its several mixtures;
Wherein the total mass concentration of low boiling working fluid is: 15%～45%; The total mass concentration of higher boiling working medium is: the mass concentration sum of 55%～85%, two groups of materials is 100%.
Method of the present invention only adopts the separate unit compressor, improving on the basis of overlapping circulation, utilize the characteristic of non-azeotropic mixed working medium, adjusting enters the composition of the mix refrigerant of evaporimeter, two-stage or three grades of different evaporating temperatures are provided under identical evaporating pressure, and wherein the one-level evaporating temperature can require to regulate variation according to the room temperature degree, make room temperature degree and the evaporator evaporation temperature to keep more excellent heat transfer temperature difference, not only improved the drying loss that the available energy usage factor has also reduced storing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention has the how warm GM Refrigerator Working flow chart that double flash evaporation temperature and high-temperature evaporator evaporating temperature can be regulated within the specific limits.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention has the how warm GM Refrigerator Working flow chart that double flash evaporation temperature and cryogenic vaporizer evaporating temperature can be regulated within the specific limits.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention has the how warm GM Refrigerator Working flow chart that three grades of evaporating temperatures and one of them evaporator evaporation temperature can be regulated within the specific limits.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
The specific embodiment
It is parts that method of the present invention adopts separate unit compressor and condenser, gas-liquid separator, condenser/evaporator, choke valve, evaporimeter and three-way flowrate distributing valve, the how warm refrigeration machine that preparation has variable evaporating temperature, cold-producing medium adopts polynary mixed non-azeotropic refrigerant; On the basis of overlapping circulation, increase and to be used between high temperature evaporimeter, 1 or 2 three-way flowrate distributing valve of chamber between chamber and alternating temperature, utilize non-azeotropic mixed working medium different characteristics of gas, liquid composition when balancing each other, higher boiling working medium is separated with low boiling working fluid and enter two kind of refrigeration cycle with gas-liquid separator by condenser and carry out overlapping, realize lower cryogenic temperature.Composition to the mix refrigerant that enters evaporimeter is regulated, and two-stage or three grades of different evaporating temperatures are provided under identical evaporating pressure, and wherein the one-level evaporating temperature can require adjust according to the room temperature degree.Owing to use a compressor to realize cascade refrigeration, make moving component reduce, simple and reliable.
The employed non-azeotropic mixed working medium of many temperature refrigeration machines is made up of low boiling working fluid and higher boiling working medium, and wherein low boiling working fluid comprises: tetrafluoromethane, ethene, ethane, a PVF, perfluoroethylene, fluoroform, a fluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, carbon dioxide, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, HFC-143a, a fluoroethane, propylene, propane, monochlorodifluoromethane, five fluorine monochlorethanes, perfluoropropane or its mixture; Higher boiling working medium comprises: allene, cyclopropane, 1,1,1,2-HFC-134a, 1,1-Difluoroethane, iso-butane, normal butane, 1-butylene, isobutene, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-propane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-HFC-236fa, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, tetrafluoro monochlorethane or its mixture; Wherein the total mass concentration of low boiling working fluid is: 15%～45%; The total mass concentration of higher boiling working medium is: the mass concentration sum of 55%～85%, two groups of materials is 100%.From these two groups high and low boiling point working medium, respectively select one or more component cold-producing mediums, just can in the how warm refrigerator device of overlapping, realize providing multistage evaporation temperature and the variable purpose of one-level evaporating temperature wherein in above-mentioned improvement with a compressor as non-azeotropic mixed working medium.
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 1, the how warm refrigeration machine that double flash evaporation temperature and high-temperature evaporator evaporating temperature can be regulated within the specific limits that has by method of the present invention preparation comprises refrigeration compressor A, condenser B, gas-liquid separator C, condenser/evaporator D, first throttle valve F1 and the second choke valve F2, high-temperature evaporator E1, cryogenic vaporizer E2 and three-way flowrate distributing valve J2.This device uses two yuan or multiple non-azeotropic refrigerant, its circulation process is: the high-pressure exhaust of refrigeration compressor A is connecting condenser B, in condenser B, enter gas-liquid separator C with becoming gas-liquid two-phase after the mixed refrigerant vapor partial condensation, the gas phase working medium that will comprise more low boiling component cold-producing medium in gas-liquid separator C is separated with the liquid phase working fluid that comprises more high boiling component cold-producing medium, and wherein liquid phase working fluid all enters high-temperature evaporator E1 after first throttle valve F1 throttling; Gas phase working medium is condensed into saturated or subcooled liquid all enters cryogenic vaporizer E2 after the second choke valve F2 throttling through condenser/evaporator D.When needs are regulated the evaporating temperature of high-temperature evaporator E1, can regulate by the three-way flowrate distributing valve J2 in cryogenic vaporizer E2 exit, make the low-temperature mixed working medium that contains more low boiling component cold-producing medium of coming out partly or entirely enter high-temperature evaporator E1, thereby realize entering the composition of mixed working fluid of high-temperature evaporator and the evaporating temperature that flow is regulated high-temperature evaporator by adjusting from cryogenic vaporizer E2; All cold-producing medium mixes before condenser/evaporator D, and heat absorption becomes saturated or overheated gas in condenser/evaporator, enters the compressor air suction mouth.
When environment temperature is 25 ℃, should select from above-mentioned low boiling working fluid group and higher boiling working medium group by the employed non-azeotropic mixed working medium of how warm refrigeration machine, it also has the function of the evaporating temperature of regulating high-temperature evaporator when the two-stage of providing difference evaporating temperature is provided, as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1:
| | Mixture | 1 mass | Mixture | 2 mass concentration % | |
| Low boiling working fluid | 15 (difluoromethane) | 30 (difluoromethane) | 45 (difluoromethane) | ||
| Higher boiling working medium | 68 (iso-butanes) and 17 (1,1,1, the 2-HFC-134a) | 63 (iso-butanes) and 7 (1,1,1, the 2-HFC-134a) | 50 (iso-butanes) and 5 (1,1,1, the 2-HFC-134a) | ||
| The average evaporating temperature of cryogenic vaporizer (℃) | -28 | -32 | -35 | ||
| The excursion of the average evaporating temperature of high-temperature evaporator (℃) | -15～0 | -17～-3 | -20～-5 |
Embodiment 2: referring to Fig. 2, the how warm refrigeration machine that double flash evaporation temperature and cryogenic vaporizer evaporating temperature can be regulated within the specific limits that has by method of the present invention preparation comprises refrigeration compressor A, condenser B, gas-liquid separator C, condenser/evaporator D, first throttle valve F1 and the second choke valve F2, high-temperature evaporator E1, cryogenic vaporizer E2 and three-way flowrate distributing valve J1.This device uses two yuan or multiple non-azeotropic refrigerant, its circulation process is: the high-pressure exhaust of refrigeration compressor A is connecting condenser B, in condenser B, enter gas-liquid separator C with becoming gas-liquid two-phase after the mixed refrigerant vapor partial condensation, the gas phase working medium that will comprise more low boiling component cold-producing medium in gas-liquid separator C is separated with the liquid phase working fluid that comprises more high boiling component cold-producing medium, and wherein liquid phase working fluid all enters high-temperature evaporator E1 after first throttle valve F1 throttling; Gas phase working medium is condensed into saturated or subcooled liquid all enters cryogenic vaporizer E2 after the second choke valve F2 throttling through condenser/evaporator D.When needs are regulated the evaporating temperature of chamber evaporimeter E2 between low temperature, can regulate by the three-way flowrate distributing valve J1 in high-temperature evaporator E1 exit, make the high temperature mixed working fluid that contains more high boiling component cold-producing medium that comes out from high-temperature evaporator E1 partly or entirely enter cryogenic vaporizer E2, thereby enter the composition of mixed working fluid of cryogenic vaporizer E2 and the evaporating temperature that flow changes evaporimeter E2 in chamber between low temperature by adjusting; All cold-producing medium mixes before condenser/evaporator D, and heat absorption becomes saturated or overheated gas in condenser/evaporator D, enters the air entry of compressor A.
When environment temperature is 25 ℃, should select from above-mentioned low boiling working fluid group and higher boiling working medium group by the employed non-azeotropic mixed working medium of how warm refrigeration machine, it also has the function of the evaporating temperature of regulating cryogenic vaporizer when the two-stage of providing difference evaporating temperature is provided, as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2:
| | Mixture | 1 mass concentration % | |
|
| Low boiling working fluid | 5 (propane) and 10 (pentafluoroethanes) | 10 (propane) and 25 (pentafluoroethanes) | 15 (propane) and 30 (pentafluoroethanes) | |
| Higher boiling working medium | 85 (butane) | 65 (butane) | 55 (butane) | |
| The excursion of the average evaporating temperature of cryogenic vaporizer (℃) | -35～-20 | -40～-25 | -45～-28 | |
| The average evaporating temperature of high-temperature evaporator (℃) | -5 | -10 | -12 |
Embodiment 3: referring to Fig. 3, by method of the present invention preparation have three grades of evaporating temperatures and the how warm refrigeration machine that can regulate within the specific limits of one-level evaporator evaporation temperature wherein, but comprise chamber evaporimeter E3 and three-way flowrate distributing valve J1, J2 between refrigeration compressor A, condenser B, gas-liquid separator C, condenser/evaporator D, first throttle valve F1 and the second choke valve F2, high-temperature evaporator E1, cryogenic vaporizer E2 alternating temperature.This device uses two yuan or multiple non-azeotropic refrigerant, its circulation process is: the high-pressure exhaust of refrigeration compressor A is connecting condenser B, in condenser B, enter gas-liquid separator C with becoming gas-liquid two-phase after the mixed refrigerant vapor partial condensation, the gas phase working medium that will comprise more low boiling component cold-producing medium in gas-liquid separator C is separated with the liquid phase working fluid that comprises more high boiling component cold-producing medium, and wherein liquid phase working fluid all enters high-temperature evaporator E1 after first throttle valve F1 throttling; Gas phase working medium is condensed into saturated or subcooled liquid all enters cryogenic vaporizer E2 after the second choke valve F2 throttling through condenser/evaporator D.When needs are regulated the evaporating temperature of variable chamber evaporimeter E3, can regulate composition and the flow that comes out to enter the mixed working fluid of alternating temperature evaporimeter E3 from high-temperature evaporator E1, cryogenic vaporizer E2 simultaneously by two three-way flowrate distributing valve J1, J2, thereby the evaporating temperature that realizes alternating temperature evaporimeter E3 has bigger variations in temperature; All cold-producing medium mixes before condenser/evaporator D, and heat absorption becomes saturated or overheated gas in condenser/evaporator D, enters the air entry of compressor A.
When environment temperature is 25 ℃, should select from above-mentioned low boiling working fluid group and higher boiling working medium group by the employed non-azeotropic mixed working medium of how warm refrigeration machine, it has and also has the function of regulating the evaporating temperature of chamber evaporimeter between alternating temperature when three grades of different evaporating temperatures are provided, and is as shown in table 3 below:
Table 3:
| | Mixture | 1 mass concentration % | |
|
| Low boiling working fluid | 15 (difluoromethane) | 30 (difluoromethane) | 45 (difluoromethane) | |
| Higher boiling working medium | 85 (iso-butanes) | 70 (iso-butanes) | 55 (iso-butanes) | |
| The average evaporating temperature of cryogenic vaporizer (℃) | -30 | -33 | -40 | |
| The average evaporating temperature of high-temperature evaporator (℃) | -3 | -5 | -10 | |
| The excursion of the average evaporating temperature of chamber evaporimeter between alternating temperature (℃) | -12～2 | -15～0 | -18～-5 |
Certainly, low boiling working fluid in the foregoing description and higher boiling working medium can be selected in the various high and low temperature working medium scopes that the foregoing invention people provides, and the scope in that the present invention provides all can reach purpose of the present invention.
What need offer some clarification on is: Fig. 1,2,3 is based on from the overlapping kind of refrigeration cycle and the multistage evaporation temperature is provided and has the basic circulation process figure of the how warm refrigeration machine of the variable evaporating temperature of one-level; if change circulation process by increasing heat transmission equipment or liquid storage equipment or rectifying device; perhaps the combination by other control valve replaces the three-way flowrate distributing valve; thereby reach by the composition of regulating mixed working fluid in the evaporimeter and the purpose that flow is regulated each chamber evaporator evaporation temperature, belong to protection scope of the present invention equally.
Claims (2)
1. preparation method with how warm refrigeration machine of variable evaporating temperature, it is characterized in that, should how warm refrigeration machine comprise: chamber evaporimeter (E2) and three-way flowrate distributing valve (J1) between chamber evaporimeter (E1), low temperature between refrigeration compressor (A), condenser (B), gas-liquid separator (C), condenser/evaporator (D), first throttle valve (F1) and second choke valve (F2), high temperature, this how warm refrigeration machine can provide two-stage difference evaporating temperatures; When only needing to change the storage temperature of chamber between low temperature, can realize the variation of the evaporating temperature of chamber evaporimeter (E2) between low temperature to the adjusting that enters the component of the multiple non-azeotropic refrigerant of chamber evaporimeter (E2) between low temperature by three-way flowrate distributing valve (J1); The concrete preparation method of this device is:
The high-pressure exhaust of refrigeration compressor (A) is connecting condenser (B), in condenser (B), become gas-liquid two-phase after with the mixed refrigerant vapor partial condensation and enter gas-liquid separator (C), the gas phase working medium that will comprise more low boiling component cold-producing medium in gas-liquid separator (C) is separated with the liquid phase working fluid that comprises more high boiling component cold-producing medium, and wherein liquid phase working fluid all enters high-temperature evaporator (E1) after first throttle valve (F1) throttling; Gas phase working medium is condensed into saturated or subcooled liquid all enters chamber evaporimeter (E2) between low temperature after second choke valve (F2) throttling through condenser/evaporator (D);
When needs are regulated the evaporating temperature of chamber evaporimeter (E2) between low temperature, three-way flowrate distributing valve (J1) by chamber evaporimeter (E1) exit between high temperature is regulated, make the high temperature mixed working fluid that contains more high boiling component cold-producing medium that comes out from chamber evaporimeter (E1) between high temperature partly or entirely enter chamber evaporimeter (E2) between low temperature, thereby enter the composition of the mixed working fluid of chamber evaporimeter (E2) between low temperature and (E2) evaporating temperature that flow changes chamber evaporimeter between low temperature by adjusting; Whole cold-producing mediums are in the preceding mixing of condenser/evaporator (D), and heat absorption becomes saturated or overheated gas in condenser/evaporator (D), enters the air entry of refrigeration compressor (A).
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described polynary mixed non-azeotropic refrigerant is made up of low boiling working fluid and higher boiling working medium, and wherein low boiling working fluid comprises: tetrafluoromethane, ethene, ethane, a PVF, perfluoroethylene, fluoroform, a fluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, carbon dioxide, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, HFC-143a, a fluoroethane, propylene, propane, monochlorodifluoromethane, five fluorine monochlorethanes, perfluoropropane one of them or its several mixtures;
Higher boiling working medium comprises: allene, cyclopropane, 1,1,1,2-HFC-134a, 1,1-Difluoroethane, iso-butane, normal butane, 1-butylene, isobutene, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-propane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-HFC-236fa, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, tetrafluoro monochlorethane one of them or its several mixtures;
Wherein the total mass concentration of low boiling working fluid is: 15%～45%; The total mass concentration of higher boiling working medium is: the mass concentration sum of 55%～85%, two groups of materials is 100%.
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| CN104449581A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Two-stage cascade refrigeration low-temperature-stage mixed refrigerant |
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- 2007-02-06 CN CN2008101798598A patent/CN101446455B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101839579A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-09-22 | 西安交通大学 | Auto-cascade heat pump with middle throttling element and adjusting method thereof |
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