CN101428923A - Ultraviolet and ozone combined disinfection method for nutrient solution - Google Patents
Ultraviolet and ozone combined disinfection method for nutrient solution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于液体消毒方法领域，具体来说涉及一种无土栽培营养液的紫外线臭氧组合式消毒方法。该方法包括以下步骤：(1)营养液池中的待消毒液，由水泵提供动力流入管路；(2)营养液进入过滤器过滤；(3)过滤后的营养液流入文丘里管式射流器，与臭氧发生器产生的臭氧混合，利用臭氧的强氧化性杀灭病原菌；(4)经过臭氧杀菌的营养液流入紫外消毒器，进一步杀灭经臭氧消毒未杀灭的微生物；(5)经杀菌的营养液由紫外消毒器的出液口流出，进入储液池，完成整个消毒过程。营养液经过过滤器过滤，臭氧消毒和紫外线消毒，极大提高杀菌效果，使营养液中微生物数量下降到更低；整套装置成本低，能耗小，节省费用。
The invention belongs to the field of liquid disinfection methods, and in particular relates to an ultraviolet-ozone combined disinfection method for soilless culture nutrient solution. The method comprises the following steps: (1) the liquid to be disinfected in the nutrient solution pool is powered by a water pump and flows into the pipeline; (2) the nutrient solution enters the filter for filtration; (3) the filtered nutrient solution flows into the Venturi tube jet (4) The nutrient solution sterilized by ozone flows into the ultraviolet sterilizer to further kill the microorganisms not killed by ozone disinfection; (5) The sterilized nutrient solution flows out from the liquid outlet of the ultraviolet sterilizer and enters the liquid storage tank to complete the entire disinfection process. The nutrient solution is filtered through a filter, ozone disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection, which greatly improves the sterilization effect and reduces the number of microorganisms in the nutrient solution to a lower level; the cost of the whole set of equipment is low, the energy consumption is small, and the cost is saved.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于液体消毒方法领域，具体来说涉及一种无土栽培营养液的紫外线臭氧组合式消毒方法。The invention belongs to the field of liquid disinfection methods, and in particular relates to an ultraviolet-ozone combined disinfection method for soilless culture nutrient solution.
背景技术 Background technique
无土栽培是指不用天然土壤而用营养液来栽培植物的方法。无土栽培系统根据营养液是否收集和重复利用，分为开放式(open system)与封闭式(closed system)两大类。在开放式无土栽培系统中，营养液不循环使用，营养液经作物吸收后多余的即排放到环境中，将对环境造成一定的污染。在封闭式无土栽培系统中，营养液循环使用，节水省肥，而且减少了对环境的污染。因此，国内外的无土栽培发展逐步呈现出由开放式向封闭式转变的趋势。Soilless cultivation refers to the method of cultivating plants with nutrient solution without using natural soil. Soilless cultivation systems are divided into two categories: open system and closed system according to whether the nutrient solution is collected and reused. In the open soilless cultivation system, the nutrient solution is not recycled, and the excess nutrient solution is discharged into the environment after being absorbed by the crops, which will cause certain pollution to the environment. In the closed soilless cultivation system, the nutrient solution is recycled, saving water and fertilizer, and reducing environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of soilless cultivation at home and abroad is gradually showing a trend of changing from open to closed.
但由于营养液的循环使用，增大了营养液接触病原的几率。与开放式系统相比封闭式系统更容易发生土传病害，如黄瓜枯萎病、十字花科软腐病和番茄枯萎病等。其发生特点是传播非常迅速，一旦发生整个系统植物全部感病，因此危害严重，会造成巨大经济损失。为了解决上述问题，寻求一种经济高效的循环营养液杀菌方法便显得尤为迫切。However, due to the recycling of the nutrient solution, the probability of the nutrient solution contacting pathogens is increased. Closed systems are more prone to soil-borne diseases, such as cucumber blight, cruciferous soft rot, and tomato blight, than open systems. The characteristic of its occurrence is that it spreads very rapidly. Once it occurs, all the plants in the whole system are infected, so the damage is serious and it will cause huge economic losses. In order to solve the above problems, it is particularly urgent to seek a cost-effective sterilization method for circulating nutrient solution.
现有的消毒方法主要有化学消毒法和物理消毒法两大类。Existing disinfection methods mainly contain chemical disinfection and physical disinfection.
1、化学消毒法1. Chemical disinfection method
化学消毒是指用化学药物作用于微生物体，使其蛋白质变性，失去正常功能而死亡。目前常用的有含氯消毒剂、氧化消毒剂、碘类消毒剂、醛类消毒剂、杂环类气体消毒剂、酚类消毒剂、醇类消毒剂、季胺类消毒剂等。Chemical disinfection refers to the use of chemical drugs to act on microorganisms to denature their proteins, lose their normal functions and die. Currently commonly used are chlorine-containing disinfectants, oxidizing disinfectants, iodine disinfectants, aldehyde disinfectants, heterocyclic gas disinfectants, phenol disinfectants, alcohol disinfectants, quaternary ammonium disinfectants, etc.
化学方法具有高效、快速、操作方便、适用范围广及经济效益好等优点；但化学方法会导致人畜中毒、使有害生物产生抗药性、污染环境等缺点。因此使用经化学方法消毒的营养液进行无土栽培生产蔬菜、水果等，更容易造成药物残留和累积，使人中毒。Chemical methods have the advantages of high efficiency, rapidity, convenient operation, wide application range, and good economic benefits; however, chemical methods can cause human and animal poisoning, cause harmful organisms to develop drug resistance, and pollute the environment. Therefore, the use of chemically sterilized nutrient solutions for soilless cultivation of vegetables and fruits is more likely to cause drug residues and accumulation, and poison people.
2、物理方法、主要包括热消毒、氧化消毒、紫外消毒、过滤消毒等。2. Physical methods, mainly including thermal disinfection, oxidation disinfection, ultraviolet disinfection, filtration disinfection, etc.
(1)热消毒(1) thermal disinfection
高温热消毒是最早应用于营养液消毒的方法，其原理是利用高温使蛋白质变性，失去生物功能，从而杀灭病原微生物。但热消毒对设备要求较高，制造成本大。运行过程中需要大量能源，如电能、煤炭、天然气、液体燃料等，运行成本高，经济效益差。High-temperature heat disinfection is the earliest method used in the disinfection of nutrient solutions. Its principle is to use high temperature to denature proteins and lose their biological functions, thereby killing pathogenic microorganisms. However, heat disinfection requires high equipment and high manufacturing cost. The operation process requires a large amount of energy, such as electric energy, coal, natural gas, liquid fuel, etc., with high operating costs and poor economic benefits.
(2)臭氧消毒(2) Ozone disinfection
臭氧消毒的原理是利用臭氧的强氧化性与还原物质发生氧化还原反应，分解营养液中的病原微生物。其基本过程是臭氧发生器产生的O3通过导气管进入气液混合装置，臭氧与营养液混合接触起到杀菌的作用。The principle of ozone disinfection is to use the strong oxidizing properties of ozone to undergo redox reactions with reducing substances to decompose pathogenic microorganisms in the nutrient solution. The basic process is that the O3 produced by the ozone generator enters the gas-liquid mixing device through the air duct, and the ozone and the nutrient solution are mixed and contacted to play a role in sterilization.
臭氧在溶液中产生活性很强的单原子氧及羟基，单原子氧不仅能够分解微生物，还能与营养液中的其它还原性物质发生氧化还原反应，因此营养液中含有的其他有机物会消耗臭氧降低杀菌效果；另外，臭氧会破坏营养液中的还原性螯合铁的螯合键，使铁不溶而发生植物缺铁症。Ozone produces highly active monatomic oxygen and hydroxyl in the solution. Monatomic oxygen can not only decompose microorganisms, but also undergo redox reactions with other reducing substances in the nutrient solution, so other organic substances contained in the nutrient solution will consume ozone. Reduce the bactericidal effect; in addition, ozone will destroy the chelating bond of reductive chelated iron in the nutrient solution, making iron insoluble and causing iron deficiency in plants.
(3)紫外线消毒(3) Ultraviolet disinfection
紫外杀菌原理是通过紫外线对微生物的照射，以破坏其机体内核蛋白或DNA结构，使其立即死亡或丧失繁殖能力。具有最佳杀菌效果的紫外线是UV-C，波长在200～280nm，波长为254nm的紫外线杀菌效果最好，因为DNA对254nm的紫外线吸收最强。The principle of ultraviolet sterilization is to irradiate microorganisms with ultraviolet rays to destroy the inner protein or DNA structure of the organism, causing them to die immediately or lose their ability to reproduce. The ultraviolet ray with the best bactericidal effect is UV-C, with a wavelength of 200-280nm, and the ultraviolet ray with a wavelength of 254nm has the best bactericidal effect, because DNA has the strongest absorption of 254nm ultraviolet rays.
紫外线消毒的效果受溶液中透射因子(transmission factor)的影响，隐藏在悬浮颗粒背后的病菌难以被杀死。The effect of ultraviolet disinfection is affected by the transmission factor in the solution, and the germs hidden behind the suspended particles are difficult to kill.
综上所述，单一方法存在各自的杀菌局限性，因此利用臭氧和紫外线共同处理营养液可以扬长避短，能够发挥出更好的杀菌效果。To sum up, a single method has its own bactericidal limitations, so the use of ozone and ultraviolet rays to treat the nutrient solution can maximize the strengths and circumvent the weaknesses, and can exert a better bactericidal effect.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明针对上述已有方法中存在环境污染大、对人畜有害、运行成本高和效果差、效率低等问题，提供一种新的、可应用于封闭式无土栽培系统中营养液消毒的、紫外线与臭氧组合的消毒方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：The present invention aims at the problems of large environmental pollution, harm to humans and animals, high operating cost, poor effect, and low efficiency in the above-mentioned existing methods, and provides a new method that can be applied to sterilizing nutrient solutions in closed soilless cultivation systems, The disinfection method of combination of ultraviolet rays and ozone is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1).营养液池1中的待消毒液，由水泵2提供动力流入管路；(1). The liquid to be disinfected in the nutrient solution pool 1 is powered by the water pump 2 and flows into the pipeline;
(2).营养液进入过滤器3过滤；(2). The nutrient solution enters the filter 3 for filtration;
(3).过滤后的营养液流入文丘里管式射流器5，依靠射流产生的负压将臭氧发生器7产生的臭氧吸入营养液管路，营养液与臭氧在文丘里管式射流器5的扩散管部分进行混合，利用臭氧的强氧化性杀灭病原菌；(3). The filtered nutrient solution flows into the Venturi tube jet 5, and the ozone produced by the
(4).经过臭氧杀菌的营养液流入紫外消毒器8，进一步杀灭经臭氧消毒未杀灭的微生物；(4). The nutrient solution sterilized by ozone flows into the ultraviolet sterilizer 8 to further kill the unkilled microorganisms through ozone disinfection;
(5).经杀菌的营养液由紫外消毒器8的出液口流出，进入储液池9，完成整个消毒过程。(5). The sterilized nutrient solution flows out from the liquid outlet of the ultraviolet sterilizer 8 and enters the liquid storage tank 9 to complete the entire disinfection process.
所述水泵2为不锈钢耐腐蚀自吸泵，其流量和扬程与射流器需要的总驱动流量和压力要求选配。The water pump 2 is a stainless steel corrosion-resistant self-priming pump, and its flow rate and head are matched with the total driving flow rate and pressure requirements of the ejector.
所述过滤器3为筛网式过滤器，网目为100～150，用于滤除营养液中消耗臭氧的有机物，减少对臭氧的无效损耗，并且降低营养液中不透明杂质含量，提高营养液的透射率从而提高紫外杀菌效果。The filter 3 is a mesh filter with a mesh size of 100 to 150, which is used to filter out ozone-depleting organic matter in the nutrient solution, reduce the ineffective loss of ozone, reduce the content of opaque impurities in the nutrient solution, and improve the quality of the nutrient solution. The transmittance to improve the ultraviolet sterilization effect.
所述臭氧发生器7的出气管口位于整套设备的最高处，然后再经逆止阀6进入射流器的吸气口，以防营养液倒流进入臭氧发生器7。The gas outlet pipe mouth of described
所述紫外消毒器8采用低压紫外灯管，每1m3/h的营养液，需要功率为20～30W的紫外灯管。The ultraviolet sterilizer 8 adopts a low-pressure ultraviolet lamp tube, and every 1 m 3 /h of nutrient solution requires an ultraviolet lamp tube with a power of 20-30W.
所述储液池9中得到的营养液中有残留臭氧，需放置3～6个小时，待臭氧浓度低于0.1mg/L时才能用于栽培。There is residual ozone in the nutrient solution obtained in the liquid storage tank 9, and it needs to be left for 3 to 6 hours. It can be used for cultivation when the ozone concentration is lower than 0.1 mg/L.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)在营养液进入消毒器前，先经过过滤器，减少了营养液中还原性物质和不透明杂质含量，可以大大提高杀菌效果，间接降低了电能的消耗；(1) Before the nutrient solution enters the sterilizer, it passes through a filter to reduce the content of reducing substances and opaque impurities in the nutrient solution, which can greatly improve the sterilization effect and indirectly reduce the consumption of electric energy;
(2)使用多个文丘里式射流器，较单一射流器相比可以在不降低杀菌效果的前提下增大液流速度，提高营养液处理效率；(2) Using multiple Venturi jets, compared with a single jet, can increase the liquid flow velocity and improve the efficiency of nutrient solution treatment without reducing the bactericidal effect;
(3)经过臭氧消毒的营养液，再进入紫外消毒器中在紫外线照射下消毒，进一步杀灭残留的病菌；(3) The nutrient solution sterilized by ozone enters the ultraviolet sterilizer and sterilizes under ultraviolet radiation to further kill residual germs;
(4)臭氧溶解在营养液中，完全溢出需要一定时间，在臭氧完全溢出前仍可以发挥持续的杀菌作用；(4) Ozone dissolves in the nutrient solution, and it takes a certain amount of time to completely overflow, and it can still play a continuous bactericidal effect before the ozone completely overflows;
(5)两种方法的有机结合提高了杀菌效果，使营养液中微生物数量下降到更低；(5) The organic combination of the two methods improves the bactericidal effect and reduces the number of microorganisms in the nutrient solution to a lower level;
(6)组合式消毒方法在相同的杀菌要求下可以增大营养液流速，提高杀菌效率，提高设备营养液处理量。(6) The combined disinfection method can increase the flow rate of the nutrient solution under the same sterilization requirements, improve the sterilization efficiency, and increase the processing capacity of the nutrient solution of the equipment.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为所述紫外线臭氧组合式营养液消毒方法的流程示意图。Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of described ultraviolet-ozone combined nutrient solution disinfection method.
图中标号：Labels in the figure:
1-营养液池；2-水泵；3-过滤器；4-水表；5-文丘里管；6-逆止阀；7-臭氧发生器；8紫外消毒器；9储液池。1-nutrient solution pool; 2-water pump; 3-filter; 4-water meter; 5-venturi tube; 6-return valve; 7-ozone generator;
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明提供了一种营养液的紫外线臭氧组合式消毒方法，下面通过附图说明和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention provides a UV-ozone combined disinfection method for nutrient solution. The present invention will be further described below through the description of the drawings and specific implementation methods.
图1为所述紫外线臭氧组合式营养液消毒方法的流程示意图。营养液池1中的待消毒液，由不锈钢耐腐蚀自吸水泵2吸入管路，流量为20m3/h；营养液进入筛网式过滤器3中，通过120目筛网，滤除营养液中消耗臭氧的有机物，减少对臭氧的无效损耗，并且降低营养液中不透明杂质含量，提高营养液的透射率从而提高紫外杀菌效果；过滤后的营养液经过电脉冲式水表4流入4个文丘里式射流器5，在这里依靠射流产生的负压将臭氧发生器7产生的臭氧吸入营养液管路，营养液与臭氧在文丘里式射流器5的扩散管中混合，利用臭氧的强氧化性杀灭病原菌，其中，电脉冲式水表4的作用是指示和反馈管路中营养液流速；臭氧发生器7的出气管口位于整套设备的最高处，然后再经逆止阀6进入射流器的吸气口，以防营养液倒流进入臭氧发生器7；经过臭氧杀菌的营养液流入紫外消毒器8，进一步杀灭经臭氧消毒未杀灭的微生物，紫外消毒器8中安装有3根、每根功率为30W的低压紫外灯管；经杀菌的营养液由紫外消毒器8的出液口流出，进入储液池9，完成整个消毒过程，储液池9中得到的营养液中有残留臭氧，需放置4个小时待臭氧浓度低于0.07mg/L时才能用于栽培。Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of described ultraviolet-ozone combined nutrient solution disinfection method. The solution to be disinfected in the nutrient solution pool 1 is sucked into the pipeline by the stainless steel corrosion-resistant self-priming pump 2 with a flow rate of 20m 3 /h; the nutrient solution enters the screen filter 3 and passes through a 120-mesh sieve to filter out the nutrient solution Ozone-depleting organic matter, reduce the ineffective loss of ozone, and reduce the content of opaque impurities in the nutrient solution, increase the transmittance of the nutrient solution to improve the ultraviolet sterilization effect; the filtered nutrient solution flows into 4 venturis through the electric pulse water meter 4 type ejector 5, relying on the negative pressure generated by the jet flow to suck the ozone generated by the ozone generator 7 into the nutrient solution pipeline, and the nutrient solution and ozone are mixed in the diffusion tube of the Venturi type ejector 5, utilizing the strong oxidizing properties of ozone To kill pathogenic bacteria, wherein, the function of the electric pulse water meter 4 is to indicate and feedback the flow rate of the nutrient solution in the pipeline; Inhalation port, enters ozone generator 7 in case that nutrient solution flows back; Flow into ultraviolet sterilizer 8 through the nutrient solution of ozone sterilization, further kill the microorganism that does not kill through ozone disinfection, 3 are installed in the ultraviolet sterilizer 8, each The root power is a low-pressure ultraviolet lamp tube with a power of 30W; the sterilized nutrient solution flows out from the liquid outlet of the ultraviolet sterilizer 8 and enters the liquid storage tank 9 to complete the entire disinfection process. There is residual ozone in the nutrient solution obtained in the liquid storage tank 9 , it needs to be placed for 4 hours until the ozone concentration is lower than 0.07mg/L before it can be used for cultivation.
以上所述的实施例，只是本发明较优选的具体实施方式，本领域的技术人员可以在所附权利要求的范围内做出各种修改。The embodiments described above are only preferred specific implementations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
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| CN103386140A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-13 | 江苏大学 | Microwave-based nutrient solution disinfection method |
| CN103535247A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2014-01-29 | 北京中农天陆微纳米气泡水科技有限公司 | Oxygen enriching and sterilizing device and oxygen enriching and sterilizing method for soilless culture nutrient solution |
| CN104353090A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-02-18 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Disinfection and purification system used for soilless culture nutrient solution and purification method thereof |
| CN104370402A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-02-25 | 桑德集团有限公司 | Method for removing trace organic pollutant contained in recycled water |
| CN105432445A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-30 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Production method and intelligent control system for floating hydroponic green vegetables |
| CN106806910A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-09 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | A kind of horizontal economic benefits and social benefits nutrient solution chlorination equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103386140A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-13 | 江苏大学 | Microwave-based nutrient solution disinfection method |
| CN103535247A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2014-01-29 | 北京中农天陆微纳米气泡水科技有限公司 | Oxygen enriching and sterilizing device and oxygen enriching and sterilizing method for soilless culture nutrient solution |
| CN104353090A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-02-18 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Disinfection and purification system used for soilless culture nutrient solution and purification method thereof |
| CN104353090B (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-01-11 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Disinfection and purification system used for soilless culture nutrient solution and purification method thereof |
| CN104370402A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-02-25 | 桑德集团有限公司 | Method for removing trace organic pollutant contained in recycled water |
| CN105432445A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-30 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Production method and intelligent control system for floating hydroponic green vegetables |
| CN106806910A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-09 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | A kind of horizontal economic benefits and social benefits nutrient solution chlorination equipment |
| CN106806910B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-09-10 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | A kind of horizontal economic benefits and social benefits nutrient solution chlorination equipment |
| CN106905009A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-30 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Vegetables straw processing system and method |
| WO2018214279A1 (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-11-29 | 深圳前海弘稼科技有限公司 | Nutrient solution disinfection system and culture device |
| CN108176688A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-06-19 | 烟台三禾畜牧养殖环境净化工程有限公司 | Pipeline flush machine |
| CN114375822A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-22 | 江苏大学 | Microfluidic chip-based online monitoring system and method for nutrient solution return disinfection |
| CN115530060A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-12-30 | 天台里田农业发展有限公司 | Nutrient solution cyclic utilization system |
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