CN101417514A - Titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technique - Google Patents
Titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN101417514A CN101417514A CNA2007101576460A CN200710157646A CN101417514A CN 101417514 A CN101417514 A CN 101417514A CN A2007101576460 A CNA2007101576460 A CN A2007101576460A CN 200710157646 A CN200710157646 A CN 200710157646A CN 101417514 A CN101417514 A CN 101417514A
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Abstract
A processing technology of an arc-shaped tenon working blade of a titanium alloy high-pressure compressor adopts one of the following three creative methods or combination thereof to carry out processing: firstly, the method of the coordinate application of a felt wheel and a polishing wheel is adopted to polish a titanium alloy blade; secondly, the methods of number control lathe and molding knife precise lathing are adopted to carry out processing to the double arc-shaped tenon of the titanium alloy blade; and thirdly, a special measuring tool is used for carrying out on-line measurement in the processing process of the tenon. The technology creatively solves the technical problems of the processing of the working blade of the arc-shaped tenon of the titanium alloy high-pressure compressor, fills the blank of the technical field, and has huge foreseeable value in economy, society and defense.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to material and machine science, a kind of titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology is provided especially.
Background technology:
In the prior art, during the polishing of blade blade, generally adopt emery wheel and bob to carry out.For example: be that the emery wheel of 46# is repaiied type and slightly thrown earlier with granularity, stay 0.1mm left and right sides surplus for follow-up polishing work step, use again 60# granularity (or 80#) bob skim 0.04mm left and right sides surplus, with 100# granularity (or 120#) the bob 0.03mm left and right sides surplus of skimming, throw qualified size with the 150# granularity to the bob of 180# granularity at last.
Employed bob structure is: matrix wool bob is bonded at (multilayer) on the wool bob (referring to accompanying drawing 1) with the diamond dust of needed granularity with gelatine.
Such emery wheel or bob in use can produce the threshing phenomenon because of the relation (self-sharpening is necessary) of its self-sharpening, the sand grains of taking off when the polishing titanium alloy blade (temperature is very high) may be mounted in the blade surface, and with the naked eye be difficult to find, but when blade is carried out etching detection, will manifest the pockmark phenomenon.Adopt traditional glossing to carry out titanium alloy blade polishing, producing the corrosion pockmark is inevitably, test also show also can only the mitigate corrosion pockmark by meticulous polishing degree, and the generation that can not avoid corroding pockmark fully.
Such emery wheel or bob in use can produce the threshing phenomenon because of the relation (self-sharpening is necessary) of its self-sharpening, the sand grains of taking off when the polishing titanium alloy blade (temperature is very high) may be mounted in the blade surface, and with the naked eye be difficult to find, but when blade is carried out etching detection, will manifest the pockmark phenomenon.Adopt traditional glossing to carry out titanium alloy blade polishing, producing the corrosion pockmark is inevitably, test also show also can only the mitigate corrosion pockmark by meticulous polishing degree, and the generation that can not avoid corroding pockmark fully.
The key of tenon processing is to guarantee the difference (seeing Figure 11) at 110 ° and the two 35 ° angles of angle of two working faces.But bad with the numerically controlled lathe vertical and horizontal interlock formed oblique line of feed (working bus bar) linearity, up 0.025 (projection).Rabbet working face bus linearity poor (especially projection) can cause several very bad effects: the one, and the tongue-and-groove working face contact condition on blade tenon working face and the compressor disc bad (not being even contact), tenon unbalance stress when causing engine behavior (high spot stress raisers) easily causes the tenon fatigue fracture; The 2nd, with tool microscope (or three-coordinates measuring machine) when detecting 35 ° of angles of tenon and 110 °, can be because of the bad measure error that increases of working face bus linearity, produce erroneous judgement, directly influence 110 ° of angles and two 35 ° of angle differences authenticity less than 10 ' detection; The 3rd, the bad testing result (seeing Figure 14) that also directly influences node size " B " of working face bus linearity.
People expect to obtain the better titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of a kind of technique effect.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide the titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology that a kind of technique effect obviously is better than prior art.
The invention provides the titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, it is characterized in that: it adopts one of following three kinds of innovative approach or its combination to process:
One, the method polishing titanium alloy blade that adopts bob and polishing wheel to be used;
Its two, adopt the two circular arc tenons of method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning ";
Its three, in the tenon process, use special measuring tool to carry out on-line measurement; Described special measuring tool includes following structure: base (1), slide block (2), measurement pin (3), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5); Wherein: slide block (2), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5) all are arranged on the base (1), measure pin (3) and are arranged on the slide block (2), measure the both sides that pin (3) and alignment pin (5) are arranged in locating piece (4), the parallel or basic coincidence of both axis; Slide block (2) can be gone up along the direction substantially parallel with the axis of measuring pin (3) at base (1) and slide.
Titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of the present invention, it is characterized in that: the specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is: carry out repairing type 1～5 time with bob earlier and slightly throw, stay 0.02～0.2mm surplus for follow-up polishing work step, skim surplus up to qualified size with polishing wheel again;
Described polishing wheel is a special-purpose polishing wheel, and it is that diamond dust with certain particle size mixes with matrix material by a certain percentage and adds suitable adhesive and suppress and form; During concrete operations, we can be pressed into the polishing wheel of the diamond dust that is mixed with different grain size and ratio according to unlike material, the different requirement of polishing object.
The preferred specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is: use bob to carry out repairing for 1～5 time the type polishing, each surplus of removing is 0.01～0.06mm; Need be when using the special-purpose polishing wheel with using sanded brick or emery wheel special-purpose polishing wheel to wipe off, to keep its sharp keen property; The matrix material of special-purpose polishing wheel is a vinal.
During use, can choose the special-purpose polishing wheel of different grain size and ratio according to different needs, this emery wheel is wipeed off earlier with sanded brick (unused sandwheel also can), and then be used for blade polishing, this characteristics of taking turns are that diamond dust is contained in the inherent polishing process of matrix and is difficult for threshing, thereby the sand grains of having avoided taking off is mounted to the phenomenon in the blade surface, thereby have avoided the generation of corrosion pockmark, but need emery wheel be wipeed off through sanded brick commonly used (unused sandwheel also can), to keep its sharp keen property.
The shortcoming of this special-purpose polishing wheel is: can not remove bigger surplus, can only be used for finally reducing roughness.
In the titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of the present invention, employed bob structure is: matrix wool bob is bonded at the diamond dust of needed granularity on the wool bob with gelatine;
The specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is: repair type with 46# granularity emery wheel at first earlier and slightly throw, stay 0.1mm left and right sides surplus for follow-up polishing work step, again with granularity be the bob of 60# or 80# skim 0.04mm left and right sides surplus, be the bob of 100# or the 120# 0.03mm left and right sides surplus of skimming with granularity, be that the bob of 150#～180# is thrown qualified size with granularity at last.
In the titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of the present invention, specific requirement during with the two circular arc tenon of the method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning " is: earlier with the numerical control car with tenon turning to than the big 0.03～0.05mm of final size, then with the forming-tool car to final size.In the preferred version, employed moulding cutter is only processed working face in the described moulding cutter finish turning process, so switching does not have influence substantially to size.
We are in research process, and the initial scheme that adopts is with the forming-tool (seeing Figure 12) that comprises 35 °, 30 ° angles and bottom surface.The main starting point of selecting this scheme for use is that the switching R between 35 °, 30 ° angles and the bottom surface requires slyness, and does not require slick and sly switching at E point place.Even find only car 0.03mm surplus through test, the radial-thrust force of this forming-tool is still very big, and it is bigger to add cutter vibration in man-hour, and the surface to be machined ripple clearly can not adopt.In order to solve the big problem of vibration, we adopt as shown in figure 13 forming-tool finally to process (only processing working face).Because forming-tool is only processed working face, so switching does not have influence substantially to size.Through test, effect is fine, adds the friction in man-hour, and the surface to be machined roughness is below 1.6.Result of the test shows, if the linearity of the cutting edge of this forming-tool is controlled at below 0.003, the linearity of rabbet working face can reach 0.005.Adopt another outstanding advantage of this kind forming-tool to be: shape and position accuracy demand to cutter itself are not high, the installation site that only need adjust cutter when the rabbet working face angle that processes does not reach design or technological requirement can be controlled at the working face angle in the needed scope, and the forming-tool of the numerical control turning or first scheme can't be accomplished this point.In sum, present technique mainly embodies the applicating skill of forming-tool, and the application of moulding cutter is many, but can be according to different situations, topical application yet there are no report.
Some other preferred content of titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of the present invention is:
During with the two circular arc tenon of the method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning ", the linearity of the cutting edge of employed moulding cutter is controlled at below 0.003.
The special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process also includes following structure:
Measuring the measured hole structure that the side of pin (3) away from alignment pin (5) is used to be convenient to the dial gauge use again, described measured hole is coaxial with measurement pin (3).
The special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process also includes following structure: during actual the use, can use the measurement of comparison method: promptly earlier with standard component with dial gauge to zero, and then the measurement part, relatively whether the difference in size of blade and standard component is in the margin of tolerance.
The special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process, rabbet working face node size tolerance is 0.05mm.
We analyze the blade of blade fatigue fracture: Fig. 2 is the macroscopic view picture of fatigue fracture, and tired source is positioned at leaf back near middle part (shown in the black arrow).Be about 12 millimeters apart from leading edge, be about 20 millimeters, be about 7.5 millimeters apart from listrium apart from the exhaust limit.
The observation situation of blade fracture in ESEM:
Fig. 3 has radial texture (shown in the white arrow) near the secondary electron image (black arrow is indicated tired source) of the fracture tired source on this both sides, source fracture.Fig. 4 is the secondary electron image that further amplify in tired source, is not being bumped Mo Chu, the different fragility small pieces (shown in the arrow) of many orientations occur.Fig. 5 is the backscattered electron image of the same visual field of Fig. 4, and matrix wants dark around the brightness of this as can be seen fragility small pieces, illustrates that its chemical composition and matrix are different.Fig. 7 and Fig. 6 are the X-ray energy spectrum analytic curves of diverse location fragility small pieces, illustrate that this small pieces are a kind of Si-rich phases that contain carbon and a little amount of titanium.In order to find out the source of this Si-rich phase, consider that blade polishing is to adopt diamond dust (carborundum) bob, put into ESEM and observe so get the diamond dust of using the production scene (silicon-carbide particle).Fig. 8 is the secondary electron image of diamond dust (carborundum), with pattern (Fig. 3) basically identical of the Si-rich phase at place, the tired source of blade.Fig. 9 is the X-ray energy spectrum analytic curve of diamond dust (silicon carbide abrasive particles), also with X-ray energy spectrum analytic curve (Fig. 7) basically identical (containing a spot of titanium in Fig. 7 curve should be the influence of matrix composition to Si-rich phase) of Si-rich phase.Like this, be pressed into diamond dust (carborundum) particle of blade in the time of can determining the Si-rich phase system polishing at place, the tired source of blade.
There is the particles of silicon carbide that embeds in tired source, this not only forms stress and concentrates, and around embedding the hole plastic deformation takes place, producing additional residual stress with the intersection that the plastic deformation zone does not take place, thereby make embedding place germinate fatigue crack easily and become formation of crack, cause blade generation early fatigue fracture.
As the above analysis, causing the main cause of blade blade fatigue fracture is due to the polishing etch pockmark.
And special-purpose polishing wheel to be diamond dust with certain particle size mixes with matrix material by a certain percentage and adds the suitable adhesive compacting forms, according to unlike material, the different requirement of polishing object, suppress different grain size in the polishing wheel (see figure 10) of ratio.During use, can choose the special-purpose polishing wheel of different grain size and ratio according to different needs, this emery wheel is wipeed off earlier with sanded brick (unused sandwheel also can), and then be used for blade polishing, this characteristics of taking turns are that diamond dust is contained in the inherent polishing process of matrix and is difficult for threshing, thereby the sand grains of having avoided taking off is mounted to the phenomenon in the blade surface, thereby have avoided the generation of corrosion pockmark, but need emery wheel be wipeed off through sanded brick commonly used (unused sandwheel also can), to keep its sharp keen property.
The shortcoming of this special-purpose polishing wheel is: can not remove bigger surplus, can only be used for finally reducing roughness.
Rabbet working face node size is a significant dimensions, its tolerance is 0.05mm, when developing in the early stage, because can not realize online (in the process) detects, can only be with a circle blade after (about 90 blades) be worked into final size, anchor clamps are unloaded just from lathe can carry out the measurement of node size, whole circle blade is scrapped in case testing result is undesirable, even because node size super poor (also having a small amount of surplus) at this moment also can not be added the worker again.In the development,, often take place to cause a large amount of blades to scrap in the early stage because of node size is defective owing to can not realize the online detection of node size.For this has carried out the case study experiment work to realizing the online detection of node size, manufactured and designed little measuring tool as shown in figure 14, used the measurement of comparison method, promptly earlier with standard component with dial gauge to zero, and then the measurement part, relatively whether the difference in size of blade and standard component is in the margin of tolerance.The characteristics of this measuring tool are: measuring tool is light and handy, and is easy to operate, can not produce error because of the reason of measuring tool weight; Do not need anchor clamps are unloaded from lathe, in process, can on lathe, check the size of node size at any time,
Be convenient to the workman and grasp processing dimension and adjust the depth of cut and guarantee that node size is qualified, thereby realized the online detection of node size, the blade of having avoided basically causing because of node size is defective is scrapped phenomenon.
The key of tenon processing is to guarantee the difference (see figure 1) at 110 ° and the two 35 ° angles of angle of two working faces.But bad with the numerically controlled lathe vertical and horizontal interlock formed oblique line of feed (working bus bar) linearity, up 0.025 (projection).Rabbet working face bus linearity poor (especially projection) can cause several very bad effects: the one, and the tongue-and-groove working face contact condition on blade tenon working face and the compressor disc bad (not being even contact), tenon unbalance stress when causing engine behavior (high spot stress raisers) easily causes the tenon fatigue fracture; The 2nd, with tool microscope (or three-coordinates measuring machine) when detecting 35 ° of angles of tenon and 110 °, can be because of the bad measure error that increases of working face bus linearity, produce erroneous judgement, directly influence 110 ° of angles and two 35 ° of angle differences authenticity less than 10 ' detection; The 3rd, the bad testing result (seeing Figure 14) that also directly influences node size " B " of working face bus linearity.
Process with forming-tool and then can guarantee form accuracy (comprising working face bus linearity), but directly adopt forming-tool turning big because of radial-thrust force, it is very low to produce vibration and working (machining) efficiency.The method of definite employing " numerical control car+forming-tool finish turning " is carried out pair circular arc tenons processing for this reason, promptly uses the numerical control car that tenon turning is arrived than the big 0.03～0.05mm of final size earlier, uses the forming-tool car to final size then.Initial scheme is with the forming-tool (seeing Figure 12) that comprises 35 °, 30 ° angles and bottom surface.The main starting point of selecting this scheme for use is that the switching R between 35 °, 30 ° angles and the bottom surface requires slyness, and does not require slick and sly switching at E point place.Even find only car 0.03mm surplus through test, the radial-thrust force of this forming-tool is still very big, and it is bigger to add cutter vibration in man-hour, and the surface to be machined ripple clearly can not adopt.In order to solve the big problem of vibration, we adopt as shown in figure 13 forming-tool finally to process (only processing working face).Because forming-tool is only processed working face, so switching does not have influence substantially to size.Through test, effect is fine, adds the friction in man-hour, and the surface to be machined roughness is below 1.6.Result of the test shows, if the linearity of the cutting edge of this forming-tool is controlled at below 0.003, the linearity of rabbet working face can reach 0.005.Adopt another outstanding advantage of this kind forming-tool to be: shape and position accuracy demand to cutter itself are not high, the installation site that only need adjust cutter when the rabbet working face angle that processes does not reach design or technological requirement can be controlled at the working face angle in the needed scope, and the forming-tool of the numerical control turning or first scheme can't be accomplished this point.In sum, present technique mainly embodies the applicating skill of forming-tool, and the application of moulding cutter is many, but can be according to different situations, topical application yet there are no report.
The measurement of tenon: this blade tenon structure is seen Figure 14, and its section is a swallow-tail form, and the edge is a circular arc circumferentially.This pair of circular arc rabbet working face node size is one of key of this technology in the online detection that adds man-hour.
Rabbet working face node size is a significant dimensions, its tolerance is 0.05mm, initial stage is when developing, because can not realize online (in the process) detects, can only be with a circle blade after (about 90 blades) be worked into final size, anchor clamps are unloaded just from lathe can carry out the measurement of node size, whole circle blade is scrapped in case testing result is undesirable, even because node size super poor (also having a small amount of surplus) at this moment also can not be added the worker again.In the development,, often take place to cause a large amount of blades to scrap in the early stage because of node size is defective owing to can not realize the online detection of node size.For this has carried out the case study experiment work to realizing the online detection of node size, manufactured and designed little measuring tool as shown in figure 15, used the measurement of comparison method, promptly earlier with standard component with dial gauge to zero, and then the measurement part, relatively whether the difference in size of blade and standard component is in the margin of tolerance.The characteristics of this measuring tool are: measuring tool is light and handy, and is easy to operate, can not produce error because of the reason of measuring tool weight; Do not need anchor clamps are unloaded from lathe, in process, can on lathe, check the size of node size at any time, being convenient to the workman grasps processing dimension and adjusts the depth of cut and guarantee that node size is qualified, thereby realized the online detection of node size, the blade of having avoided basically causing because of node size is defective is scrapped phenomenon.
In terms of existing technologies, the solution of the invention a titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology difficult problem, filled up a blank of this technical field; It has predictable huge economy, society and national defence and is worth.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is common sticking wheel construction schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the macroscopic view picture (3.3 *) of the blade fatigue fracture of censorship;
Fig. 3 is near the secondary electron image (black arrow refers to tired source) of the fracture tired source of blade;
Fig. 4 is the further enlarged image of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is and the backscattered electron image of the same visual field of Fig. 4 (the numeral place is the X-ray energy spectrum analysis position);
Fig. 6 penetrates line energy Spectrum analytic curve for the X of position 1 among Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 penetrates line energy Spectrum analytic curve for the X of position 2 among Fig. 5;
Fig. 8 is the secondary electron image of particles of silicon carbide;
The X She Xian Neng Spectrum analytic curve of Fig. 9 particles of silicon carbide;
Figure 10 is a special-purpose polishing wheel construction schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is the blade tenon schematic diagram;
Figure 12 is a moulding cutter schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is the moulding cutter schematic diagram after improving;
Figure 14 is the tenon structural representation;
Figure 15 is a B size survey office schematic diagram, needs warranty element 2 to be free to slide in part 1.
The specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1 titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology
The titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, it adopts the combination of following three kinds of innovative approach to process:
One, the method polishing titanium alloy blade that adopts bob and polishing wheel to be used;
Its two, adopt the two circular arc tenons of method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning ";
Its three, in the tenon process, use special measuring tool to carry out on-line measurement; Described special measuring tool includes following structure: base (1), slide block (2), measurement pin (3), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5); Wherein: slide block (2), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5) all are arranged on the base (1), measure pin (3) and are arranged on the slide block (2), measure the both sides that pin (3) and alignment pin (5) are arranged in locating piece (4), the parallel or basic coincidence of both axis; Slide block (2) can be gone up along the direction substantially parallel with the axis of measuring pin (3) at base (1) and slide.
In the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, the specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is: carry out repairing type 1～5 time with bob earlier and slightly throw, stay 0.02～0.2mm surplus for follow-up polishing work step, skim surplus up to qualified size with polishing wheel again;
Use bob to carry out repairing for 1～5 time in the process of type polishing, each surplus of removing is 0.01～0.06mm; Need be when using the special-purpose polishing wheel with using sanded brick or emery wheel special-purpose polishing wheel to wipe off, to keep its sharp keen property; The matrix material of special-purpose polishing wheel is a vinal.
Described polishing wheel is a special-purpose polishing wheel, and it is that diamond dust with certain particle size mixes with matrix material by a certain percentage and adds suitable adhesive and suppress and form; During concrete operations, we can be pressed into the polishing wheel of the diamond dust that is mixed with different grain size and ratio according to unlike material, the different requirement of polishing object.
During use, can choose the special-purpose polishing wheel of different grain size and ratio according to different needs, this emery wheel is wipeed off earlier with sanded brick (unused sandwheel also can), and then be used for blade polishing, this characteristics of taking turns are that diamond dust is contained in the inherent polishing process of matrix and is difficult for threshing, thereby the sand grains of having avoided taking off is mounted to the phenomenon in the blade surface, thereby have avoided the generation of corrosion pockmark, but need emery wheel be wipeed off through sanded brick commonly used (unused sandwheel also can), to keep its sharp keen property.
In the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, employed bob structure is: matrix wool bob is bonded at the diamond dust of needed granularity on the wool bob with gelatine;
The specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is: repair type with 46# granularity emery wheel at first earlier and slightly throw, stay 0.1mm left and right sides surplus for follow-up polishing work step, again with granularity be the bob of 60# or 80# skim 0.04mm left and right sides surplus, be the bob of 100# or the 120# 0.03mm left and right sides surplus of skimming with granularity, be that the bob of 150#～180# is thrown qualified size with granularity at last.
In the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, specific requirement during with the two circular arc tenon of the method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning " is: earlier with the numerical control car with tenon turning to than the big 0.03～0.05mm of final size, then with the forming-tool car to final size.In the preferred version, employed moulding cutter is only processed working face in the described moulding cutter finish turning process, so switching does not have influence substantially to size.
We are controlled at the linearity of the cutting edge of this forming-tool below 0.003, and the linearity of rabbet working face can reach 0.005.Adopt another outstanding advantage of this kind forming-tool to be: shape and position accuracy demand to cutter itself are not high, the installation site that only need adjust cutter when the rabbet working face angle that processes does not reach design or technological requirement can be controlled at the working face angle in the needed scope, and the forming-tool of the numerical control turning or first scheme can't be accomplished this point.
The other guide of described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology also comprises:
During with the two circular arc tenon of the method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning ", the linearity of the cutting edge of employed moulding cutter is controlled at below 0.003.
The special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process also includes following structure: measuring the measured hole structure that the side of pin (3) away from alignment pin (5) is used to be convenient to the dial gauge use again, described measured hole is coaxial with measurement pin (3).
The special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process also includes following structure: during actual the use, can use the measurement of comparison method: promptly earlier with standard component with dial gauge to zero, and then the measurement part, relatively whether the difference in size of blade and standard component is in the margin of tolerance.
The special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process, rabbet working face node size tolerance is 0.05mm.
We analyze the blade of blade fatigue fracture: Fig. 2 is the macroscopic view picture of fatigue fracture, and tired source is positioned at leaf back near middle part (shown in the black arrow).Be about 12 millimeters apart from leading edge, be about 20 millimeters, be about 7.5 millimeters apart from listrium apart from the exhaust limit.
The observation situation of blade fracture in ESEM:
Fig. 3 has radial texture (shown in the white arrow) near the secondary electron image (black arrow is indicated tired source) of the fracture tired source on this both sides, source fracture.Fig. 4 is the secondary electron image that further amplify in tired source, is not being bumped Mo Chu, the different fragility small pieces (shown in the arrow) of many orientations occur.Fig. 5 is the backscattered electron image of the same visual field of Fig. 4, and matrix wants dark around the brightness of this as can be seen fragility small pieces, illustrates that its chemical composition and matrix are different.Fig. 7 and Fig. 6 are the X-ray energy spectrum analytic curves of diverse location fragility small pieces, illustrate that this small pieces are a kind of Si-rich phases that contain carbon and a little amount of titanium.In order to find out the source of this Si-rich phase, consider that blade polishing is to adopt diamond dust (carborundum) bob, put into ESEM and observe so get the diamond dust of using the production scene (silicon-carbide particle).Fig. 8 is the secondary electron image of diamond dust (carborundum), with pattern (Fig. 3) basically identical of the Si-rich phase at place, the tired source of blade.Fig. 9 is the X-ray energy spectrum analytic curve of diamond dust (silicon carbide abrasive particles), also with X-ray energy spectrum analytic curve (Fig. 7) basically identical (containing a spot of titanium in Fig. 7 curve should be the influence of matrix composition to Si-rich phase) of Si-rich phase.Like this, be pressed into diamond dust (carborundum) particle of blade in the time of can determining the Si-rich phase system polishing at place, the tired source of blade.
There is the particles of silicon carbide that embeds in tired source, this not only forms stress and concentrates, and around embedding the hole plastic deformation takes place, producing additional residual stress with the intersection that the plastic deformation zone does not take place, thereby make embedding place germinate fatigue crack easily and become formation of crack, cause blade generation early fatigue fracture.
As the above analysis, causing the main cause of blade blade fatigue fracture is due to the polishing etch pockmark.
In the present embodiment, special-purpose polishing wheel is that the diamond dust with certain particle size mixes with matrix material by a certain percentage and adds suitable adhesive and suppress and form, according to unlike material, the different requirement of polishing object, the compacting different grain size is in the polishing wheel (see figure 10) of ratio.During use, can choose the special-purpose polishing wheel of different grain size and ratio according to different needs, this emery wheel is wipeed off earlier with sanded brick (unused sandwheel also can), and then be used for blade polishing, this characteristics of taking turns are that diamond dust is contained in the inherent polishing process of matrix and is difficult for threshing, thereby the sand grains of having avoided taking off is mounted to the phenomenon in the blade surface, thereby have avoided the generation of corrosion pockmark, but need emery wheel be wipeed off through sanded brick commonly used (unused sandwheel also can), to keep its sharp keen property.
Rabbet working face node size is a significant dimensions, its tolerance is 0.05mm, we have carried out the case study experiment work to realizing the online detection of node size, manufactured and designed little measuring tool as shown in figure 14, use the measurement of comparison method, promptly earlier with standard component with dial gauge to zero, and then measure part, relatively whether the difference in size of blade and standard component in the margin of tolerance.The characteristics of this measuring tool are: measuring tool is light and handy, and is easy to operate, can not produce error because of the reason of measuring tool weight; Do not need anchor clamps are unloaded from lathe, in process, can on lathe, check the size of node size at any time,
Be convenient to the workman and grasp processing dimension and adjust the depth of cut and guarantee that node size is qualified, thereby realized the online detection of node size, the blade of having avoided basically causing because of node size is defective is scrapped phenomenon.
The key of tenon processing is to guarantee the difference (see figure 1) at 110 ° and the two 35 ° angles of angle of two working faces.But bad with the numerically controlled lathe vertical and horizontal interlock formed oblique line of feed (working bus bar) linearity, up 0.025 (projection).Rabbet working face bus linearity poor (especially projection) can cause several very bad effects: the one, and the tongue-and-groove working face contact condition on blade tenon working face and the compressor disc bad (not being even contact), tenon unbalance stress when causing engine behavior (high spot stress raisers) easily causes the tenon fatigue fracture; The 2nd, with tool microscope (or three-coordinates measuring machine) when detecting 35 ° of angles of tenon and 110 °, can be because of the bad measure error that increases of working face bus linearity, produce erroneous judgement, directly influence 110 ° of angles and two 35 ° of angle differences authenticity less than 10 ' detection; The 3rd, the bad testing result (seeing Figure 14) that also directly influences node size " B " of working face bus linearity.
Process with forming-tool and then can guarantee form accuracy (comprising working face bus linearity), but directly adopt forming-tool turning big because of radial-thrust force, it is very low to produce vibration and working (machining) efficiency.The method of definite employing " numerical control car+forming-tool finish turning " is carried out pair circular arc tenons processing for this reason, promptly uses the numerical control car that tenon turning is arrived than the big 0.03～0.05mm of final size earlier, uses the forming-tool car to final size then.Initial scheme is with the forming-tool (seeing Figure 12) that comprises 35 °, 30 ° angles and bottom surface.The main starting point of selecting this scheme for use is that the switching R between 35 °, 30 ° angles and the bottom surface requires slyness, and does not require slick and sly switching at E point place.Even find only car 0.03mm surplus through test, the radial-thrust force of this forming-tool is still very big, and it is bigger to add cutter vibration in man-hour, and the surface to be machined ripple clearly can not adopt.In order to solve the big problem of vibration, we adopt as shown in figure 13 forming-tool finally to process (only processing working face).Because forming-tool is only processed working face, so switching does not have influence substantially to size.Through test, effect is fine, adds the friction in man-hour, and the surface to be machined roughness is below 1.6.Result of the test shows, if the linearity of the cutting edge of this forming-tool is controlled at below 0.003, the linearity of rabbet working face can reach 0.005.Adopt another outstanding advantage of this kind forming-tool to be: shape and position accuracy demand to cutter itself are not high, the installation site that only need adjust cutter when the rabbet working face angle that processes does not reach design or technological requirement can be controlled at the working face angle in the needed scope, and the forming-tool of the numerical control turning or first scheme can't be accomplished this point.
The measurement of tenon: this blade tenon structure is seen Figure 13, and its section is a swallow-tail form, and the edge is a circular arc circumferentially.This pair of circular arc rabbet working face node size is one of key of this technology in the online detection that adds man-hour.
Rabbet working face node size is a significant dimensions, its tolerance is 0.05mm, initial stage is when developing, because can not realize online (in the process) detects, can only be with a circle blade after (about 90 blades) be worked into final size, anchor clamps are unloaded just from lathe can carry out the measurement of node size, whole circle blade is scrapped in case testing result is undesirable, even because node size super poor (also having a small amount of surplus) at this moment also can not be added the worker again.In the development,, often take place to cause a large amount of blades to scrap in the early stage because of node size is defective owing to can not realize the online detection of node size.For this has carried out the case study experiment work to realizing the online detection of node size, manufactured and designed little measuring tool as shown in figure 15, used the measurement of comparison method, promptly earlier with standard component with dial gauge to zero, and then the measurement part, relatively whether the difference in size of blade and standard component is in the margin of tolerance.The characteristics of this measuring tool are: measuring tool is light and handy, and is easy to operate, can not produce error because of the reason of measuring tool weight; Do not need anchor clamps are unloaded from lathe, in process, can on lathe, check the size of node size at any time, being convenient to the workman grasps processing dimension and adjusts the depth of cut and guarantee that node size is qualified, thereby realized the online detection of node size, the blade of having avoided basically causing because of node size is defective is scrapped phenomenon.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 content are basic identical, and its difference is:
The titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, it adopts one of following three kinds of innovative approach to process:
One, the method polishing titanium alloy blade that adopts bob and polishing wheel to be used;
Its two, adopt the two circular arc tenons of method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning ";
Its three, in the tenon process, use special measuring tool to carry out on-line measurement; Described special measuring tool includes following structure: base (1), slide block (2), measurement pin (3), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5); Wherein: slide block (2), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5) all are arranged on the base (1), measure pin (3) and are arranged on the slide block (2), measure the both sides that pin (3) and alignment pin (5) are arranged in locating piece (4), the parallel or basic coincidence of both axis; Slide block (2) can be gone up along the direction substantially parallel with the axis of measuring pin (3) at base (1) and slide.
In the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, the specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is: carry out repairing type 1～5 time with bob earlier and slightly throw, stay 0.02～0.2mm surplus for follow-up polishing work step, skim surplus up to qualified size with polishing wheel again;
Use bob to carry out repairing for 1～5 time in the process of type polishing, each surplus of removing is 0.01～0.06mm; Need be when using the special-purpose polishing wheel with using sanded brick or emery wheel special-purpose polishing wheel to wipe off, to keep its sharp keen property; The matrix material of special-purpose polishing wheel is a vinal.
Described polishing wheel is a special-purpose polishing wheel, and it is that diamond dust with certain particle size mixes with matrix material by a certain percentage and adds suitable adhesive and suppress and form.
In the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, employed bob structure is: matrix wool bob is bonded at the diamond dust of needed granularity on the wool bob with gelatine;
The specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is: repair type with 46# granularity emery wheel at first earlier and slightly throw, stay 0.1mm left and right sides surplus for follow-up polishing work step, again with granularity be the bob of 60# or 80# skim 0.04mm left and right sides surplus, be the bob of 100# or the 120# 0.03mm left and right sides surplus of skimming with granularity, be that the bob of 150#～180# is thrown qualified size with granularity at last.
In the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, specific requirement during with the two circular arc tenon of the method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning " is: earlier with the numerical control car with tenon turning to than the big 0.03～0.05mm of final size, then with the forming-tool car to final size.In the preferred version, employed moulding cutter is only processed working face in the described moulding cutter finish turning process, so switching does not have influence substantially to size.
We are controlled at the linearity of the cutting edge of this forming-tool below 0.003, and the linearity of rabbet working face can reach 0.005.Adopt another outstanding advantage of this kind forming-tool to be: shape and position accuracy demand to cutter itself are not high, the installation site that only need adjust cutter when the rabbet working face angle that processes does not reach design or technological requirement can be controlled at the working face angle in the needed scope, and the forming-tool of the numerical control turning or first scheme can't be accomplished this point.
The other guide of described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology also comprises:
During with the two circular arc tenon of the method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning ", the linearity of the cutting edge of employed moulding cutter is controlled at below 0.003.
The special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process also includes following structure: measuring the measured hole structure that the side of pin (3) away from alignment pin (5) is used to be convenient to the dial gauge use again, described measured hole is coaxial with measurement pin (3).
The special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process also includes following structure: during actual the use, can use the measurement of comparison method: promptly earlier with standard component with dial gauge to zero, and then the measurement part, relatively whether the difference in size of blade and standard component is in the margin of tolerance.
The special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process, rabbet working face node size tolerance is 0.05mm.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 content are basic identical, and its difference is:
The titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology, the method polishing titanium alloy blade that it adopts bob and polishing wheel to be used; In the tenon process, use special measuring tool to carry out on-line measurement; Described special measuring tool includes following structure: base (1), slide block (2), measurement pin (3), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5); Wherein: slide block (2), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5) all are arranged on the base (1), measure pin (3) and are arranged on the slide block (2), measure the both sides that pin (3) and alignment pin (5) are arranged in locating piece (4), the parallel or basic coincidence of both axis; Slide block (2) can be gone up along the direction substantially parallel with the axis of measuring pin (3) at base (1) and slide.
Claims (10)
1, titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology is characterized in that: it adopts one of following three kinds of innovative approach or its combination to process:
One, the method polishing titanium alloy blade that adopts bob and polishing wheel to be used;
Its two, adopt the two circular arc tenons of method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning ";
Its three, in the tenon process, use special measuring tool to carry out on-line measurement; Described special measuring tool includes following structure: base (1), slide block (2), measurement pin (3), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5); Wherein: slide block (2), locating piece (4), alignment pin (5) all are arranged on the base (1), measure pin (3) and are arranged on the slide block (2), measure the both sides that pin (3) and alignment pin (5) are arranged in locating piece (4), the parallel or basic coincidence of both axis; Slide block (2) can be gone up along the direction substantially parallel with the axis of measuring pin (3) at base (1) and slide.
2, according to the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is: carry out repairing type 1～5 time with bob earlier and slightly throw, stay 0.02～0.2mm surplus for follow-up polishing work step, skim surplus up to qualified size with polishing wheel again;
Described polishing wheel is a special-purpose polishing wheel, and it is that diamond dust with certain particle size mixes with matrix material by a certain percentage and adds suitable adhesive and suppress and form.
3, according to the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is:
Use bob to carry out repairing for 1～5 time the type polishing, each surplus of removing is 0.01～0.06mm;
Need be when using the special-purpose polishing wheel with using sanded brick or emery wheel special-purpose polishing wheel to wipe off, to keep its sharp keen property; The matrix material of special-purpose polishing wheel is a vinal.
4, according to the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of claim 3, it is characterized in that:
Employed bob structure is: matrix wool bob is bonded at the diamond dust of needed granularity on the wool bob with gelatine;
The specific requirement that the method that adopts bob and special-purpose polishing wheel to be used is polished titanium alloy blade is: repair type with 46# granularity emery wheel at first earlier and slightly throw, stay 0.1mm left and right sides surplus for follow-up polishing work step, again with granularity be the bob of 60# or 80# skim 0.04mm left and right sides surplus, be the bob of 100# or the 120# 0.03mm left and right sides surplus of skimming with granularity, be that the bob of 150#～180# is thrown qualified size with granularity at last.
5, according to the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the specific requirement during with the two circular arc tenon of the method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning " is: earlier with the numerical control car with tenon turning to than the big 0.03～0.05mm of final size, be worked into final size with formed turning tool then.
6, according to the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of claim 5, it is characterized in that: the specific requirement during with the two circular arc tenon of the method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning " is:
Employed moulding cutter is only processed working face in the described moulding cutter finish turning process, so switching does not have influence substantially to size.
7, according to the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: during with the two circular arc tenon of the method machining titanium alloy blade of " numerical control car+moulding cutter finish turning ", the linearity of the cutting edge of employed moulding cutter is controlled at below 0.003.
8, according to the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process also includes following structure:
Measuring the measured hole structure that the side of pin (3) away from alignment pin (5) is used to be convenient to the dial gauge use again, described measured hole is coaxial with measurement pin (3).
9, according to the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of claim 8, it is characterized in that: the special measuring tool that is used for on-line measurement in the tenon process also includes following structure: during actual the use, can use the measurement of comparison method: promptly earlier with standard component with dial gauge to zero, and then the measurement part, relatively whether the difference in size of blade and standard component is in the margin of tolerance.
10, according to the described titanium-alloy high-pressure compressor arc rabbet working-blade processing technology of claim 9, it is characterized in that: be used for the special measuring tool of on-line measurement in the tenon process, rabbet working face node size tolerance is 0.05mm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102476344A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-30 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Polishing and grinding method of titanium alloy blades |
| CN105269277A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-01-27 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | Method for machining arc-tooth tenon blade of aircraft engine gas compressor |
| CN115570395A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-06 | 山东豪迈机械制造有限公司 | Single-tenon blade machining device and machining method |
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2007
- 2007-10-24 CN CN200710157646.0A patent/CN101417514B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 包旧铨等: "TC4钛合金叶片的抛光", 《航空制造技术》 * |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102476344A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-30 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Polishing and grinding method of titanium alloy blades |
| CN105269277A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-01-27 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | Method for machining arc-tooth tenon blade of aircraft engine gas compressor |
| CN105269277B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2017-11-28 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | A kind of aero-engine compressor circle-arc tooth tenon blade machining process |
| CN115570395A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-06 | 山东豪迈机械制造有限公司 | Single-tenon blade machining device and machining method |
| CN115570395B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-03-14 | 山东豪迈机械制造有限公司 | Single-tenon blade machining device and machining method |
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