Semi-solid shaping die and using method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of employing semi-solid-state shaping technology, prepare the method and the mould structure of magnesium, rods and bars of aluminium alloy, section bar, belong to non-ferrous metal preparation and manufacture field.
Background technology
Hot extrusion technique is mainly adopted in the production of magnesium, rods and bars of aluminium alloy, section bar at present.This technology at first prepares magnesium alloy ingot, then billet is processed into required size after, be heated to again in the suitable temperature range and push.Used extrusion die can be divided into flat-die, prod cast, flat prod cast etc. by nib compressional zone section configuration, can be divided into single hole mould, multiple-hole die by number of orifices, can be divided into whole mould, segmental mandrel, divergent die etc. by mould structure.Different mould structures has identical operation principle.Under the extruding force effect, billet generation plastic deformation, and extrude from the calibrating strap of mould and to obtain required scale rod bar, section bar.Because plastic deformation is to carry out under solid-state, therefore need very big extruding force, vexed car phenomenon takes place when extrusion ratio is big easily, for baroque section bar, occur easily because of being out of shape the inhomogeneous section bar kinking distortion that causes.The effect that extrusion die is subjected to HTHP deforms easily, influence die life, there is big frictional force between mould calibrating strap and the squeeze wood, can cause squeeze wood coarse grain ring to occur, the surface accuracy of calibrating strap also can descend in addition, influences the surface quality of squeeze wood, the cylinder size that is squeezed restriction, extruded bars, the profile length produced are also limited, can't produce continuously.
At present, magnesium, rods and bars of aluminium alloy, section bar have widespread demand, wish to develop novel forming technique, can play shortened process, reduce the effect of energy consumption.The semi-solid state forming technique that development in recent years is got up can satisfy above requirement.Semi-solid-state shaping is at first to make partly the slurry of half liquid status admittedly, then slurry is out of shape, and mainly by the VISCOUS FLOW between the solid-liquid phase, therefore required deformation force is far smaller than the solid phase plastic deformation resistance in the distortion of slurry.That the drip molding that adopts semi-solid-state shaping technology to obtain is organized is tiny, even, etc. axle, so drip molding shows excellent mechanical property.Nowadays patent documentation has been reported multiple semisolid pulping process both at home and abroad, and these pulping process combine with die casting has obtained good effect, and the mechanical property of die casting is improved significantly.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of semi-solid-state shaping with mould and using method thereof, use this mould can realize the semi-solid-state shaping of magnesium, rods and bars of aluminium alloy, section bar.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of semi-solid-state shaping mould, this mould is to be linked as an integral body by mould bases, die body, plug die, form cavity in it, this cavity has import and export, and the import of cavity is the front portion of cavity, and the outlet of cavity is the rear portion of cavity, this cavity is divided into three sections, arrange from front to back: mould bases section cavity, mold body sections cavity, plug die section cavity, the import of cavity is the import of mould bases section cavity, the outlet of cavity is the outlet of plug die cavity; In the mould bases section cavity of the import department of cavity, be provided with flow valve; Linkage section between mould bases section cavity and mold body sections cavity is provided with the branch flow cone, divide flow cone to be formed with the slick and sly head that divides flow cone by the main body of minute flow cone, divide the main body of flow cone to be arranged in the mold body sections cavity, the slick and sly head of branch flow cone is arranged in the back segment cavity of mould bases section cavity, it is pre-large post-small dividing the diameter of section of the main body of flow cone, and the mold body sections cavity that is mated also is pre-large post-small circular cone tubular; It is pre-small post-large dividing the diameter of section of the slick and sly head of flow cone, and the back segment cavity of the mould bases section cavity that is mated is pre-small post-large circular cone tubular; Plug die section cavity is have 0~3 ° of tapering cylindric, and tapering>0, and the diameter of the port of export that makes the plug die cavity is less than the diameter of the arrival end of plug die cavity; On mould bases and die body, heater is installed; Cooling chamber is installed in plug die.
With in the mould, be provided with core bar at semi-solid-state shaping of the present invention in described plug die section cavity, the front end of this core bar is connected with the afterbody that divides flow cone, and the rear end of this core bar is positioned at the exit of plug die cavity.
At semi-solid-state shaping of the present invention with in the mould, the front end of described mould bases section be cavity import department, and die body and plug die between the junction be respectively equipped with mat insulation.
With in the mould, described heater is installed on the outer wall of mould bases and die body at semi-solid-state shaping of the present invention.
With in the mould, be provided with thermocouple at semi-solid-state shaping of the present invention on the top of the head of described minute flow cone.
A kind of semi-solid-state shaping method that uses semi-solid-state shaping of the present invention with mould, this method comprises following step:
(1), according to the diameter of magnesium that will be shaped or rods and bars of aluminium alloy, select to determine the diameter of the port of export of plug die cavity; Perhaps according to the inside and outside footpath of magnesium that will be shaped or aluminium alloy pipe, select to determine the diameter of the port of export of plug die cavity and the diameter of core bar, and this core bar is installed;
(2), the outlet with the semi solid slurry propulsion plant is connected with the import of semi-solid-state shaping with mould, temperature according to the semi solid slurry of semi solid slurry propulsion plant outlet, adopt the temperature controller control heater, mould bases and die body are heated, wherein, the design temperature of heater is higher than 1 ℃~5 ℃ of the temperature of semi solid slurry; Feed cooling fluid in the cooling chamber in plug die, coolant temperature is a room temperature;
(3), according to the requirement of drip molding to the semisolid slurry flow, preestablish the aperture size of flow valve, the big I of the flow of slurry is adjusted in 0~1kg/s scope, and flow ≠ 0;
(4), semi solid slurry enters the flow valve of flowing through successively behind the mould, divides flow cone, plug die finally to obtain required bar or tubing at the port of export solidification forming of plug die cavity.
In described step (4), semi solid slurry is flowed through in mould in the branch flow cone process, goes out the temperature of semi solid slurry by thermocouple measurement, adjusts the operating temperature of heater according to the thermocouple feedback signal.
In the semi-solid-state shaping method that uses semi-solid shaping die of the present invention, cooling fluid is preferably water.
Advantage of the present invention is:
Semi-solid shaping die of the present invention and using method are to solidify gradually after adopting the semi solid slurry propulsion plant that the semi solid slurry of magnesium, aluminium alloy is advanced semi-solid shaping die of the present invention, finally form bar, the section bar of different size.Compare with the traditional hot pressing method, this method has characteristics such as processing process is short, energy consumption is low, efficient is high, applied widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a semi-solid-state shaping of the present invention mould structure schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, semi-solid-state shaping of the present invention is linked as an integral body with mould by mould bases 1, die body 6, plug die anchor clamps 8, plug die 9, form cavity in it, this cavity is divided into three sections, arrange from front to back: mould bases section cavity, mold body sections cavity, plug die section cavity, this cavity has import and export, and the import of cavity is the import of mould bases section cavity, and the outlet of cavity is the outlet of plug die cavity.In the mould bases section cavity of the import department of cavity, be provided with flow valve 4.Linkage section between mould bases section cavity and mold body sections cavity is provided with branch flow cone 2, divide flow cone 2 to be fixed on the junction of mould bases 1 and die body 6 by the connecting portion on it, divide flow cone 2 to be formed with the slick and sly head that divides flow cone 2 by the main body of minute flow cone 2, divide the main body of flow cone 2 to be arranged in the mold body sections cavity, the slick and sly head of branch flow cone 2 is arranged in the back segment cavity of mould bases section cavity, it is pre-large post-small dividing the diameter of section of the main body of flow cone 2, and the mold body sections cavity that is mated also is pre-large post-small circular cone tubular; It is pre-small post-large dividing the diameter of section of the slick and sly head of flow cone 2, and the back segment cavity of the mould bases section cavity that is mated is pre-small post-large circular cone tubular.Slick and sly apical head at minute flow cone 2 is provided with thermocouple 3.Plug die section cavity is for to have the cylindric of 0~3 ° of (and tapering>0) tapering, and the diameter of the port of export that makes the plug die cavity is less than the diameter of the arrival end of plug die cavity; When forming tube, section bar, divide flow cone 2 rear ends that core bar 10 can be installed, core bar 10 is arranged in plug die section cavity, and the rear end of core bar 10 is positioned at the exit of plug die cavity; Mould bases 1 and the die body 6 outer heaters 7 that are equipped with; Cooling chamber 11 is installed in plug die 9; Import department at cavity is provided with mat insulation 5, and mould is when being connected with the semi solid slurry propulsion plant, and the front surface of the mat insulation 5 of the import department of cavity just in time is the outlet of semi solid slurry propulsion plant and the import contact-making surface of cavity; The junction also is provided with mat insulation between die body 6 and plug die 9.
In actual use, mould is connected with the semi solid slurry propulsion plant, the heater 7 outside mould bases 1 and the die body 6 is preheating to design temperature, the cooling chambers 10 in the plug die 8 feed cooling fluids makes plug die 8 keep lower temperatures.According to the temperature of slurry, the size that fltting speed is regulated flow valve 4.The semi solid slurry propulsion plant advances the import of semi solid slurry from cavity, semi solid slurry enters die body 6 through flow valve 4 and the branch flow cone 2 of flowing through enters plug die 9, the effect that divides flow cone 2 is to make the temperature of semi solid slurry and tissue further evenly, and by dividing the temperature of thermocouple 3 measurement results adjustment heater 7 on the flow cone 2, to adjust mould bases 1 and the temperature of die body 6 and interior slurry temperature thereof; Slurry enters plug die 9 solidification forming gradually after 2 shuntings of minute flow cone, finally obtain required bar, section bar.In the whole process, the resistance that slurry advances is mainly from the VISCOUS FLOW between the solid-liquid phase, this resistance is much smaller than the plastic deformation resistance of routine extruding, only need less propulsive force just can realize that slurry evenly flows, under semi solid slurry condition without interruption, can also realize the continuously extruded of bar, section bar.
Embodiment 1: preparation φ 20mm magnesium alloy AZ91 bar
According to preparing φ 20mm magnesium alloy, selecting the diameter of the port of export of definite plug die cavity also is 20mm, and the calibrating strap tapering of plug die is 1 °.At first die body and the mould bases with mould is preheating to 575 ℃; Cooling chamber adopts the recirculated water cooling, and the temperature of recirculated water is a room temperature.Make semi solid slurry with adopting twin-screw machinery stirring means behind the AZ91 alloy melting, the semi solid slurry temperature is 570 ℃, semi solid slurry enters mould under the propelling movement effect of screw rod propulsion plant, the semi solid slurry temperature of screw rod propulsion plant outlet also is 570 ℃.The flow of adjusting flow valve pore size control slurry is 0.2kg/s, and slurry enters plug die through a minute flow cone and solidifies, and forms the bar of φ 20mm.
Embodiment 2: preparation external diameter φ 30mm, internal diameter φ 25mm aluminium alloy A356 tubing.
According to will preparing external diameter φ 30mm, internal diameter φ 25mm aluminium alloy selects to determine that the diameter of the port of export of plug die cavity is 30mm, and the calibrating strap tapering of plug die is 1 °, and divides flow cone one end that the plug of φ 25mm is installed at mould.The die body and the mould bases of mould are preheating to 608 ℃; Cooling chamber adopts the recirculated water cooling, and the temperature of recirculated water is a room temperature.To adopt electromagnetic agitation method to obtain semi solid slurry behind the A356 alloy melting, the semi solid slurry temperature be 605 ℃.Semi solid slurry enters in the mould under the effect of piston type pusher, and the semi solid slurry temperature of piston type pusher outlet also is 605 ℃.The flow of adjusting flow valve pore size control slurry is 0.6kg/s, and slurry solidifies in plug die after dividing flow cone, obtains required specification tubing.