CN101381164B

CN101381164B - Green fodder planting in cage type biological floating raft based on pool and water quality purification method

Info

Publication number: CN101381164B
Application number: CN2008101972166A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨瑞斌; 王雪光; 谢从新; 何绪刚; 陈柏湘
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2008-10-09
Filing date: 2008-10-09
Publication date: 2011-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2028-10-09
Also published as: CN101381164A

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pond-based method for planting a green fodder and purifying water by a net cage type biological buoyant raft, which belongs to the field of aquiculture. The method is characterized in that the net cage type biological buoyant raft is designed and consists of plant fixing net plates, a protecting net, and a fixing device; the plant fixing net plates are fixed on the water surface with a breadth of 1.5 m and a mesh size of between 5 and 10cm, respectively; the protecting net which is 2m in breadth and 2cm in mesh size is positioned at the lower side and the circumference of the plant fixing net plates; the fixing device comprises a rope, a foam ball float and a fixing bamboo pole; the plant fixing net plates, the protecting net, the rope and the foam ball float are combined into a close type net cage with a size of 30-50m multiply 1.5m multiply 0.25m; four corners are fixed by the bamboo pole; and the planting area between 45 and 75m<2> of each net cage type biological buoyant raft is a production unit. In June and July, water spinaches with a plant height of 30cm are transplanted to the fixing net plates of the net cage type biological buoyant raft with roots thereof so that the stems and leaves of the plants are exposed from the water surface and the root systems are soaked in water. The net cage type biological buoyant raft is configured to covers between 5 and 20 percent of the area of the pond.

Description

Green fodder planting in cage type biological floating raft and water quality purification method based on the pond

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture.Be specifically related to a kind of green fodder planting in cage type biological floating raft and water quality purification method based on the pond.

Background technology

Because the culturist blindly pursues cultured output, a large amount of feed and fertilizer thrown in, pond culture at present generally faces water quality deterioration, pond culture is difficult to continue to carry out, water quality deterioration causes a large amount of inputs of medicine again, this vicious cycle had both increased cost, had destroyed cultivation water environment, and the aquaculture product quality is also influenced.Adopt physics, chemistry, that microbial process is regulated the water quality cost is very high again.Green fodder can provide abundant VITAMIN for the live pig of raising, and improves meat, but face the green fodder deficiency in large scale of pig farm production, and conventional land plantation green fodder need take a large amount of arable lands.How low cost is effectively improved cultivation water, and the green fodders of producing are the problems that press for solution in aquatic products, pig-breeding industry and the plant husbandry more under the prerequisite that does not occupy cultivated land simultaneously.Domestic in recent years existing employing " artificial bio-membrane's floating bed " technology is planted the plant of pollutent in some water bodys that can adsorb eutrophication, utilize plant that the water body of eutrophication such as lake, river, irrigation canals and ditches is produced the function of " biopurification ", reach the effect that the eutrophication water original position is repaired and controlled.And declared relevant patent in view of the above; floating bed (number of patent application 200520095824.8) as surface cultivation plants; overall plastic built-up type plant floating cultivation floating bed (number of patent application 200620019749.1); netting twine water culture floating bed (number of patent application 200620129600.9); complex ecological chinampa purifier (number of patent application 200620097874.4); multi-functional careless paper tinsel floating cultivation floating bed (number of patent application 200620019748.7); soft plant floating bed (number of patent application 200610164314.0) and waterborne artificial wetland and the process for purifying water (number of patent application 200710053250.1) etc. that are used for shore protection and purification of water quality; but these inventions are applied to the pond culture water body exists many drawbacks: its complex structure is difficult for installing; move or the dismounting inconvenience; laid down cost is higher; especially lack facility to the protection of plantation root system of plant; some facility utilizes thick bamboo tube to attempt protection plantation root system of plant; but this thick bamboo tube is easy to scratch active fish; and taken limited aquaculture water; dwindle the cultured fishes living space, influenced the normal growth of cultured fishes.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, design a kind of based on the green fodder planting in cage type biological floating raft in pond and the method that purifies water.The present invention has designed a kind of cage type biological floating raft that is applicable to cultivating pool, utilize the suitable water surface of this buoyant raft cultivation to grow, the green fodder that adsorptive power is strong, utilize green fodder to absorb nutritive elements such as nitrogen unnecessary in the aquaculture water, phosphorus, again root system is limited to the water layer certain space, by the plant that results grow up to, reach both purifying aquaculture water quality, the purpose of a large amount of green fodders is provided for animal cultivation again.

The present invention is achieved in that

1) a kind of cage type biological floating raft, by buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet 2, net defence 5 and stationary installation constitute, and described buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet 2 is fixed on water surface top layer, and its fabric width is 1.5m, and mesh size is 5-10 centimetre; Described net defence 5 is fabric width 2m, and mesh size is 2 centimetres, is positioned at the below and four sides of buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet 2; Described stationary installation comprises guiding principle rope 4 in the stationary installation, foam ball float 6 and the fixing bamboo pole 1 of buoyant raft; With described buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet 2, guiding principle rope 4 in net defence 5 and the stationary installation and foam ball float 6 are combined into the closed net cage of 30-50m * 1.5m * 0.25m; Four jiaos of usefulness of the closed net cage fixedly bamboo pole 1 of buoyant raft are fixed, and the cultivated area 45-75m2 that makes each cage type biological floating raft that is combined into is a productive unit;

2) in 6-7 month in every year, water temperature is 30 ℃, with plant height is that 30 centimetres water spinach connects root and is transplanted on the buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet 2 of the described cage type biological floating raft of step 1), make water spinach plants stems leafing go out the water surface, root system immerses in the water, and described cage type biological floating raft is by same pond area 5-20% configuration;

3) through 20-30 days, the water spinach of transplanting covered with the buoyant raft surface, and coring prosperity in the net cage begins to pluck fresh and tender part as the pig feeder greens; The root system of water spinach tool prosperity can effectively absorb aquaculture water Mesichthyes ight soil, food-residue is dissolved in N, P nutritive element in the water body, is converted to plant root whisker, cauline leaf, by shifting out plant materials, effectively purifies water;

4) when the late September in every year, water temperature fell back to below 30 ℃, the water spinach plant of planting is all shifted out, reclaim described cage type biological floating raft.

Compared with prior art, positively effect of the present invention is:

1, cage type biological floating raft of the present invention is simple in structure, and is easy to use, do not influence the normal activity of cultured fishes.

2, the present invention is applicable to all cultivating pools.The heavier pond result of use of water exchange and breed load is particularly evident not carrying out.

More detailed technical scheme sees that " embodiment " is described.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: the structural representation that is the cage type biological floating raft that designs of the present invention.

Among the figure: 1. the fixing bamboo pole of buoyant raft; 2. buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet; 3. plant the plant of planting; 4. the guiding principle rope in the stationary installation; 5. net defence; 6. foam ball float.

Fig. 2: be that cage type biological floating raft of the present invention is provided with synoptic diagram in the pond.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

1) cultivating pool is selected: the present invention is applicable to all cultivating pools.The heavier pond result of use of water exchange and breed load is particularly evident not carrying out.The selection area is 5000m ²(the adult fish culture pond of 100m * 50m), according to the conventional cultivation program management, analyzing every year 7,8, September water quality in this pond after tested, fertile partially (ammonia-state nitrogen is greater than 1.95mg/L; Total nitrogen is greater than 3.95mg/L; Total phosphorus is greater than 3.47mg/L).

2) making of buoyant raft: selecting fabric width for use is that the polythene net sheet of 2m is as buoyant raft bottom and side shield net (5), it is standard (mesh size is 2 centimetres) that mesh size can not enter with the grass carp of putting in a suitable place to breed in the breed pond, and main effect is the food of getting that the root of protection cultivated plant is not subjected to cultured fishes; Selecting fabric width for use is 1.5m, mesh size be 5-10 centimetre polythene net sheet as buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet (2), main effect is the plant of fixing cultivation; Select the guiding principle rope (4) of the nylon rope of 2mm for use as stationary installation; The closed net cage that the foam ball float (6) purchased and above material are assembled into 50m * 1.5m * 0.25m.Set up the buoyant raft initial stage and every the slotting bamboo bar (1) of 2m net cage is fixed, can join a foam ball float every 1m in the headline, guarantee that top layer plant fixed network sheet is near the water surface (referring to Fig. 1) at four jiaos in net cage and long limit.Treat to rely on ball float and plant itself to float on the pond water surface after top layer plant (3) growth.The cultivated area of each biological floating raft is 75m like this ²The situation fertile partially according to water quality over the years, 8 buoyant rafts are set up in design, and the buoyant raft area accounts for 12% of water surface for aquaculture area.The buoyant raft initial stage of setting up concentrates and is arranged in pond one side, and parallel pond minor face is arranged, and adjacent buoyant raft is the 4m (see figure 2) at interval.Above-mentioned net sheet can be purchased, and also can select for use the net sheet of the waste and old fishing net that meets corresponding requirements to form through cutting.

3) plant growing: breed in annual spring (the 3-5 month) initial stage water temperature is lower, and water quality is normal, need not set up the raising that biological floating raft is beneficial to the water body primary productivity.Late June-early July (Wuhan, Hubei), when the cultivating pool water temperature is increased to about 30 ℃, because throw in feed, fertilizer early stage, pond water quality is grown fat.Begin to set up the cage type biological floating raft cultivated plant this moment.Select for use and be applicable to that water-surface cultivation is fit to water spinach (the Ipomoea aquatica of live pig as green fodder again, have another name called Herba Commelinae Bengalensis, logical dish, mater convolvulus, rattan dish, this plant is a basic foodstuff, contain abundant potassium), with plant height is that 30 centimetres water spinach connects root and is transplanted in the buoyant raft that sets up, and every square metre of plantation water spinach 1-2 kilogram goes out the water surface with described water spinach plants stems leafing, root system immerses in the water, and same pond net box formula biological floating raft is by pond area 5-20% configuration;

4) daily administration: the transplanting initial stage will notice that cauline leaf emerges, and notices preventing that the grass carp of putting in a suitable place to breed in the pond from piercing net cage and destroying the root system of transplanting plant.

5) plant utilization: through 20-30 days, the water spinach of transplanting can cover with the buoyant raft surface, and coring prosperity in the net cage can begin to pluck fresh and tender part as the pig feeder greens.

6) purification of water quality: the root system of water spinach tool prosperity, can effectively absorb aquaculture water Mesichthyes ight soil, food-residue etc. and be dissolved in nutritive elements such as N, P in the water body, be converted to plant root whisker, cauline leaf etc., by shifting out plant materials, can purify water effectively.After measured, the water body N between plant cultivating 22-30 day, P index change following (table 1), and the effect that purifies water is fairly obvious.

Table 1 transplant behind the plant 22-30 between day the cultivation water leading indicator change (unit: mg/L)

Age in days after the transplanting (d)	22	24	26	28	30
						Ammonia-state nitrogen mg/L	1.95	0.82	0.81	0.75	0.63
Total nitrogen mg/L	3.95	3.46	2.58	1.43	0.87
						Phosphoric acid salt phosphorus mg/L	1.78	1.45	1.21	0.62	0.45
Total phosphorus mg/L	3.47	2.30	1.69	1.21	1.03

Illustrate: test period is in June, 2007-July.

7) save the soil.In the 7-9 vegetative period month, biological floating raft can be saved the land resources that is used to plant green fodder with homalographic.

8) buoyant raft removes: when late September, water temperature fell back to below 30 ℃, will plant plant and all shift out, and reclaim net cage, cleaning is dried, and 1 year reusable.

Claims

1. green fodder planting in cage type biological floating raft and water quality purification method based on a pond, as described in following step:

1) a kind of cage type biological floating raft, by buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet (2), net defence (5) and stationary installation constitute, and described buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet (2) is fixed on water surface top layer, and its fabric width is 1.5m, and mesh size is 5-10 centimetre; Described net defence (5) is fabric width 2m, and mesh size is 2 centimetres, is positioned at the below and four sides of buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet (2); Described stationary installation comprises guiding principle rope (4) in the stationary installation, foam ball float (6) and the fixing bamboo pole of buoyant raft (1); With described buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet (2), guiding principle rope (4) in net defence (5) and the stationary installation and foam ball float (6) are combined into the closed net cage of 30-50m * 1.5m * 0.25m; Four jiaos of usefulness of the closed net cage fixedly bamboo pole of buoyant raft (1) are fixed, and make the cultivated area 45-75m of each cage type biological floating raft that is combined into ²It is a productive unit;

2) in 6-7 month in every year, water temperature is 30 ℃, with plant height is that 30 centimetres water spinach connects root and is transplanted on the buoyant raft top layer plant fixed network sheet (2) of the described cage type biological floating raft of step 1), make water spinach plants stems leafing go out the water surface, root system immerses in the water, and described cage type biological floating raft is by same pond area 5-20% configuration;

3) through 20-30 days, the water spinach of transplanting covered with the buoyant raft surface, and coring prosperity in the net cage begins to pluck fresh and tender part as the pig feeder greens; The root system of water spinach tool prosperity can effectively absorb aquaculture water Mesichthyes ight soil, food-residue is dissolved in N, P nutritive element in the water body, is converted to plant root whisker, cauline leaf, by shifting out plant materials, purifies water effectively;