CN101363004A - Method for constructing algal phase in prawn culturing pool - Google Patents

Method for constructing algal phase in prawn culturing pool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101363004A
CN101363004A CNA2008101983090A CN200810198309A CN101363004A CN 101363004 A CN101363004 A CN 101363004A CN A2008101983090 A CNA2008101983090 A CN A2008101983090A CN 200810198309 A CN200810198309 A CN 200810198309A CN 101363004 A CN101363004 A CN 101363004A
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algae
culture
culture pond
shrimp
shrimp culture
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CN101363004B (en
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曹煜成
李卓佳
梁伟峰
文国樑
杨莺莺
陈素文
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South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences
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South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for establishing the algal phase of a shrimp culture pond, microalgae with the dominance of greater than 0.15 is selected from a culture water body, the microalgae is arranged in culture liquid with the nitrogen source concentration of 261 to 338mumol/L and the phosphorus source concentration of 25 to 32mumol/L, the enlarged culture and propagation are carried out under the culture conditions till the microalgae total biomass which is required by the shrimp culture, algae liquid is further introduced into the shrimp culture pond for the shrimp culture: the temperature is 24 to 27 DEG C; the salinity is 21 to 26; the pH is 7.5 to 8.5; the light intensity is 5500 to 7000Lx, and the lighting ratio is 12: 12 to 14: 10. The microalgae ecological environment of the shrimp culture pond is optimized by establishing the algal phase to cause the balanced culture of various types of microalgae, thereby being conductive to avoiding the single biological diversity of the shrimp pond caused by excessive culture of individual microalgae or group disappearance during the culture process and the situations of drastic change of water environment, deterioration of the quality of the environment of the culture water body, and the like.

Description

A kind of construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase
Technical field
The present invention relates to culture the construction process of pond algae phase, particularly a kind of construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase.
Background technology
Because the fast development of shrimp culture industry, shrimp culture pond intensification, partly the intensify raising of degree, the reasons such as limitation of manager's technology have caused the aquaculture water eutrophication, the breeding ecological environment is unbalance, shrimp disease takes place frequently and quality product under the degradation problem.The ecotope that utilizes little algae technology to regulate and control prawn culturing has been the focus of studying at present.
Little algae is the primary producer who cultures in the pond, in shrimp culture pond, occupy critical positions, it is by the dissolved oxygen content in the photosynthesis raising aquaculture water, can absorb toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen in the water body and nitrous acid nitrogen, to keeping the normal function of culturing the pond ecological system, stable breed pool environment is indispensable, also can be used as the natural bait of shrimp seedling simultaneously.But because different its physiology of little algae, ecosystem characterizations distinguished to some extent, the biomass sociales in the phytoplankton of shrimp pond that have are obvious, though and the dominance of some kind individual amount is outstanding, its individuality is little, and biomass is few, the effect of keeping to nannoplankton group and breeding environment stability is also little, also some kind individual amount is not preponderated, but individual big, the biomass height, photosynthesis is strong, to keeping nannoplankton group and breeding environment stability plays an important role.Wherein some algae sociales can occur simultaneously, and some sociales then shows mutual inhibition.Its population is formed, distributed number influences the eco-environmental quality of culturing the pond directly or indirectly, and then has influence on the productivity of culturing the pond.
Little algae regulation and control of shrimp culture pond at present or cultivate for the artificial orientation of planktonic microalgae, spininess is carried out single kind or two kinds of good little algaes, in the breeding environment of complexity, cause indivedual little algae kind excessive multiplications of a certain stage easily, little algae community diversity index in the water body is on the low side relatively, be unfavorable for the stable of little algae group in the water surrounding, thereby cause breeding process mid-early stage algae difficultly mutually to cultivate, the situation that easily suddenlys change mid-term, the later stage is vigorous excessively.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the construction process of the good algae phase of a kind of shrimp culture pond, this method makes up the algae phase by the good common vetch algae of screening, thereby optimizes shrimp culture pond water body environment quality, for the prawn healthy growth provides stable excellent environment.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase, select dominance in the culturing pool body greater than little algae of 0.15, it is 261~338 μ mol/L that little algae is placed nitrogen concentration, phosphorus source concentration is in the nutrient solution of 25~32 μ mol/L, under following culture condition, carry out enlarged culturing and breed the overall biomass of little algae, again algae liquid is introduced the prawn seawater-culture pond and be used for prawn culturing to the prawn culturing requirement:
Temperature: 24~27 ℃; Salinity: 21~26, pH is 7.5~8.5, and intensity of illumination is 5500~7000Lx, and Light To Dark Ratio is 12: 12~14: 10.
Described little algae enlarged culturing adopts three grades of enlarged culturing, and wherein one-level is cultivated and is used for the cultivation of algae kind amplification, and secondary is cultivated to the little algae and water of 100L~300L spreads cultivation, and three grades is 10M 3~30M 3Cement pit spread cultivation.Wherein all adopt identical above-mentioned culture condition one, two with three grades of cultivations, the algae kind cell density that is added when the I and II enlarged culturing is greater than 10 6Ind/L; The algae kind cell density that is added during three grades of enlarged culturing is greater than 10 7Ind/L.
Also containing water glass in the described nutrient solution is 35~50 μ mol/L, and ironic citrate is 0.2~0.5 μ mol/L, and the cultivation that water glass and ironic citrate are mainly little algae provides nutritive elements such as silicon and iron.
Described nitrogenous source is one or both or the two or more mixing in ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, SODIUMNITRATE, saltpetre, the urea etc.
Described phosphorus source is that potassium primary phosphate, biphosphate are received, one or both or two or more mixing in the calcium superphosphate etc.
Described little algae is for eroding the mixing of latent algae (Cryptomonas erosa Ehr.), Nitzschia closterium minutissima (Niztzschiaclosterium), Nannochloropsis oceanica (Nannichloropsis oculata) and Chlorella pyrenoidesa (Chlorellapyrenoidosa Chick).The input ratio of the little algae of above-mentioned each is (0.7~1.2): (0.7~1.2): (0.7~1.2): (0.7~1.2), the cell initial density of various algaes is greater than 10 7Ind/L.
The water colour of described culturing pool body is emerald green, pea green or green and brown look, and its water body planktonic microalgae biodiversity index is greater than 1.60.
The overall biomass of described little algae is 10 8~10 9Ind/L.
The present invention also can add probiotics in the enlarged culturing process, builds the growth demand that good water surrounding satisfies little algae.Described probiotics is the mixing of one or both or three kinds in genus bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, the lactobacillus.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1) makes up the algae phase in the shrimp pond good little algae of screening original inhabitants, guarantee the adaptability of algae at the shrimp pool environment;
2) make the overall biomass of little algae reach certain density by three grades of enlarged culturing after, algae liquid is introduced through the high-order pond of the prawn sea farming of thorough disinfection again, possess actual operation;
3) by making up the balanced breeding of the various little algaes of the algae mutual-assistance, thereby optimized little algae ecotope of shrimp culture pond, help avoiding in the breeding process because of the wither away shrimp pond species diversity that causes of indivedual little algae excessive multiplications or colony is single, water surrounding changes situations such as violent and the deterioration of aquaculture water environmental quality.
Embodiment:
Embodiment one:
Carry out at experiment prawn culturing testing ground, and planktonic microalgae algae structure near the water source on the seashore plant and the culturing pool body is carried out sampling analysis, finds that the average diversity index of little algae in culturing pool body spring is 0.92, and be 2.14 autumn.Selecting the water colour of culturing pool body by comprehensive comparative analysis is emerald green or pea green or green and brown look, aquaculture water plankton diversity index is greater than 1.60, the screening dominance is greater than the latent algae (Cryptomonas erosa Ehr.) of eroding more than 0.15 in the prawn seawater-culture pond of the good prawn of production performance, Nitzschia closterium minutissima (Niztzschia closterium), Nannochloropsis oceanica (Nannichloropsis oculata) makes up algae mutually with Chlorella pyrenoidesa (Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick).Select for use ammonium nitrate as nitrogenous source, potassium primary phosphate is the phosphorus source, make that the nitrogen content scope is 261~338 μ mol/L in the nutrient solution, the phosphorus content scope is 25~32 μ mol/L, the volume ratio of nutrient solution and culture vessel is 3:5, algae mutually in each little algae adding proportion be 1:1:1:1, the cell initial density of various algaes is 1.30 * 10 7Ind/L, culture temperature is 24~27 ℃, salinity is 21~26; And add water glass and ironic citrate, and nutrient solution mesosilicic acid na concn is that 46 μ mol/L and ironic citrate concentration are the concentration difference of 0.4 μ mol/L, and regulating pH is 7.8, and intensity of illumination is 5500Lx, Light To Dark Ratio 12:12.
Adopt three grades of enlarged culturing modes in the algae phase culturing process, one-level is cultivated and is used for the cultivation of algae kind amplification, and secondary is cultivated and is the little algae and water enlarged culturing of 100L~300L, and three grades is 10M 3~30M 3The cement pit enlarged culturing.Wherein all adopt above-mentioned listed culture condition when one, two and three grade of enlarged culturing, the algae kind cell density that is added when the I and II enlarged culturing should be greater than 10 6Ind/L, the algae kind cell density that is added during three grades of enlarged culturing should be greater than 10 7Ind/L.Three grades spread cultivation because be to carry out at outdoor cement pit, need be chosen in weather and carry out good the time, and the enlarged culturing by 8~15 days under the good situation of weather makes the overall biomass of little algae reach 45 * 10 7~100 * 10 7Ind/L is incorporated into it shrimp culture pond through thorough disinfection of 1~2 mu again.Algae liquid irregularly adds nutrient solution and genus bacillus before and after going into the pond, and its addition is 1kg/ mu M respectively.Used genus bacillus in regularly per 10 days in the breeding process, and look water quality condition and use photosynthetic bacterium, milk-acid bacteria to build good water surrounding.
The result shows, algae liquid was gone into behind the pond about 5 days under the fine weather, and the aquaculture water water colour is good, and preceding 30-45 days water colour is a pea green, and culturing mid-term to the later stage is green and brown look, water conditioning, cultured prawn health.By the whole process analysis, erode the sociales that latent algae, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorella pyrenoidesa all become shrimp culture pond, and the microalgae cell mean density of aquaculture water is greater than 30 * 10 7Ind/L, little algae biodiversity index is greater than 1.80.The average breed 100~120 days, single batch of per mu yield of prawn reaches more than the 1000kg/ mu, and economic and social benefit is remarkable.
Embodiment two
Experiment is carried out at the prawn culturing testing ground.Planktonic microalgae algae in the culturing pool body is carried out sampling analysis, and spring, its microalgae cell density was 14.96 * 10 7Ind/L.Definite selection is eroded latent algae (Cryptomonas erosa Ehr.), Nitzschia closterium minutissima (Niztzschia closterium), Nannochloropsis oceanica (Nannichloropsis oculata) and Chlorella pyrenoidesa (Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick) and is made up algae mutually.Select for use urea as nitrogenous source, calcium superphosphate is the phosphorus source, make that nitrogen content is 261~338 μ mol/L in the nutrient solution, phosphorus content is 25~32 μ mol/L, the volume ratio of nutrient solution and culture vessel is 3:5, algae mutually in each little algae adding proportion be 0.7:0.8:1:1, the cell initial density of various algaes is greater than 10 7Ind/L, culture temperature is 24~27 ℃, salinity is 21~26; And add water glass and ironic citrate, and be that 50 μ mol/L and ironic citrate concentration are 0.5 μ mol/L at nutrient solution mesosilicic acid na concn, regulating pH is 8.2, intensity of illumination is 6000Lx, Light To Dark Ratio 14:10.
Adopt three grades of enlarged culturing modes in the algae phase culturing process, one-level is cultivated and is used for the cultivation of algae kind amplification, and secondary is cultivated and is the little algae and water enlarged culturing of 100L~300L, and three grades is 10M 3~30M 3The cement pit enlarged culturing.One, adopt above-mentioned culture condition during two and three grades of enlarged culturing, the algae kind cell density that is added when the I and II enlarged culturing is greater than 10 6Ind/L, the algae kind cell density that is added during three grades of enlarged culturing is greater than 10 7Ind/L.Three grades spread cultivation because be to carry out at outdoor cement pit, need be chosen in weather and carry out good the time, and the enlarged culturing by 8~15 days under the good situation of weather makes the overall biomass of little algae reach 60 * 10 7~100 * 10 7Ind/L is incorporated into it shrimp culture pond through thorough disinfection of 1~2 mu again.Algae liquid irregularly adds nutrient solution and genus bacillus before and after going into the pond, and its addition is 1kg/ mu M respectively.Used genus bacillus in regularly per 10 days in the breeding process, and look water quality condition and use photosynthetic bacterium, milk-acid bacteria to build good water surrounding.
The result shows, algae liquid was gone into behind the pond about 5~8 days under the fine weather, and the aquaculture water water colour is good, and preceding 20-35 days water colour is a pea green, and culturing mid-term to the later stage be green or green and brown look, water conditioning, cultured prawn health.By the whole process analysis, erode the sociales that latent algae, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorella pyrenoidesa all become shrimp culture pond, and the microalgae cell mean density of aquaculture water is greater than 25 * 10 7Ind/L, little algae biodiversity index is greater than 1.50.The average breed 100~120 days, single batch of per mu yield of prawn reaches more than the 1000kg/ mu, and economic and social benefit is remarkable.
The present invention is not limited in the above-mentioned specific embodiment scope, and above-mentioned embodiment only is in order can be described in detail use of the present invention, and the production method of equal function and the part that ins and outs also belong to content of the present invention are arranged.In fact, those skilled in the art just can find different adjustment schemes as required according to description of the invention, and these adjustment all should be in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase, it is characterized in that: select dominance in the culturing pool body greater than little algae of 0.15, it is 261~338 μ mol/L that little algae is placed nitrogen concentration, phosphorus source concentration is in the nutrient solution of 25~32 μ mol/L, under following culture condition, carry out enlarged culturing and breed the overall biomass of little algae, again algae liquid is introduced shrimp culture pond and be used for prawn culturing to the prawn culturing requirement:
Temperature: 24~27 ℃; Salinity: 21~26, pH is 7.5~8.5, and intensity of illumination is 5500~7000Lx, and Light To Dark Ratio is 12: 12~14: 10.
2, the construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described little algae enlarged culturing adopts three grades of enlarged culturing, wherein one-level is cultivated and is used for the cultivation of algae kind amplification, and secondary is cultivated to the little algae and water of 100L~300L spreads cultivation, and three grades is 10M 3~30M 3Cement pit spread cultivation; Wherein one, two all adopt identical above-mentioned culture condition with three grades of cultivations; The algae kind cell density that is added when the I and II enlarged culturing is greater than 10 6Ind/L; The algae kind cell density that is added during three grades of enlarged culturing is greater than 10 7Ind/L.
3, the construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also containing water glass in the described nutrient solution is 35~50 μ mol/L, and ironic citrate is 0.2~0.5 μ mol/L.
4, the construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described nitrogenous source is one or both or the two or more mixing in ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, SODIUMNITRATE, saltpetre, the urea.
5, the construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described phosphorus source is that potassium primary phosphate, biphosphate are received, one or both or two or more mixing in the calcium superphosphate.
6, the construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described little algae is the mixing of eroding latent algae, Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorella pyrenoidesa.
7, the construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the input ratio of described each little algae is 0.7~1.2:0.7~1.2:0.7~1.2:0.7~1.2; The cell initial density of various algaes is greater than 10 7Ind/L.
8, the construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the water colour of described culturing pool body is emerald green, pea green or green and brown look, and its water body planktonic microalgae biodiversity index is greater than 1.60.
9, the construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the overall biomass of described little algae is 10 8~10 9Ind/L.
10, the construction process of shrimp culture pond algae phase according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the probiotics that also adds 1kg/ mu M in the enlarged culturing process; Described probiotics is the mixing of one or both or three kinds in genus bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, the lactobacillus.
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101926298A (en) * 2010-07-29 2010-12-29 广东海洋大学 Method for constructing specific pathogen-free penaeid shrimp culture system
CN103404458A (en) * 2013-07-31 2013-11-27 茂名市金阳热带海珍养殖有限公司 Biological regulation culture method for large prawns
CN104115737A (en) * 2014-07-29 2014-10-29 大连海洋大学 Method for preventing and controlling pest alga outbreak through nannochloropsis
CN104488788A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-08 浙江海洋学院 Method for increasing supply quantities of baits for natural shellfishes in aquaculture areas on open seas
CN105176824A (en) * 2015-02-12 2015-12-23 张建国 Chlorella culture method
CN105238695A (en) * 2015-11-02 2016-01-13 长沙学院 Preparation method of diatom nutrient
CN105875395A (en) * 2016-04-15 2016-08-24 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Method for constructing green alga phase in saline-alkali soil underground water shrimp industrial culture pond
CN106538435A (en) * 2017-01-06 2017-03-29 宁波大学 A kind of winter grass shrimp constricta zoology cyclic culture method and device
CN112273218A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-01-29 湛江腾飞实业有限公司 Method for indoor culture of composite algae by using nutrient salts
CN113016676A (en) * 2019-12-25 2021-06-25 宁波大学 Method for cultivating litopenaeus vannamei through directional culture of diatoms

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101926298A (en) * 2010-07-29 2010-12-29 广东海洋大学 Method for constructing specific pathogen-free penaeid shrimp culture system
CN103404458A (en) * 2013-07-31 2013-11-27 茂名市金阳热带海珍养殖有限公司 Biological regulation culture method for large prawns
CN104115737B (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-08-17 大连海洋大学 Method with Nannochloropsis oceanica prevention and control seawater aquaculturing pond outburst harmful animal algae
CN104115737A (en) * 2014-07-29 2014-10-29 大连海洋大学 Method for preventing and controlling pest alga outbreak through nannochloropsis
CN104488788A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-08 浙江海洋学院 Method for increasing supply quantities of baits for natural shellfishes in aquaculture areas on open seas
CN105176824A (en) * 2015-02-12 2015-12-23 张建国 Chlorella culture method
CN105238695A (en) * 2015-11-02 2016-01-13 长沙学院 Preparation method of diatom nutrient
CN105238695B (en) * 2015-11-02 2018-06-15 长沙学院 A kind of preparation method of diatom nutritional agents
CN105875395A (en) * 2016-04-15 2016-08-24 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Method for constructing green alga phase in saline-alkali soil underground water shrimp industrial culture pond
CN106538435A (en) * 2017-01-06 2017-03-29 宁波大学 A kind of winter grass shrimp constricta zoology cyclic culture method and device
CN113016676A (en) * 2019-12-25 2021-06-25 宁波大学 Method for cultivating litopenaeus vannamei through directional culture of diatoms
CN113016676B (en) * 2019-12-25 2022-11-29 宁波大学 Method for directionally culturing diatoms to culture litopenaeus vannamei
CN112273218A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-01-29 湛江腾飞实业有限公司 Method for indoor culture of composite algae by using nutrient salts

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