CN101351882B - 电子模块以及制造这种电子模块的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
电子模块(10)、以及包含这种电子模块(10)的电动机(12)和这种电子模块(10)的制造方法,该电子模块(10)具有带有基体(54)的第一导电衬底(16)并且具有至少一个功率器件,第二导电衬底(18)被固定在该第一导电衬底(16)上,所述至少一个功率器件被布置在第一衬底(16)上,并且第二衬底(18)在背向第一衬底(16)的侧(32)上装备有其它构件(40),其中,第二衬底(18)具有小于第一衬底(16)的基体(54)的基面(19),并且功率器件(22)在第二衬底(18)的外周长(70)之外(在该外周长旁边)被固定在第一衬底(16)上。
Description
本发明涉及按照独立权利要求的前序部分所述的一种电子模块、以及包含这种模块的电动机和一种用于制造这种电子模块的方法。
背景技术
利用DE 103 52 079 A1公知一种具有被布置在变速箱外壳之内的电子模块的电动机。在这种情况下,以夹层结构构造电子模块,其中,在作为第一导电衬底的引线框架(Stanzgitter)与第二导电衬底之间布置电子功率器件。该功率器件通过其上表面和下表面直接与两个导电衬底相连接,其中第一衬底与第二衬底借助钎焊或者导电胶粘剂相连接。这种夹层结构的缺点在于,在仅使用一个功率器件的情况下,或者在使用不同高度的多个功率器件的情况下,只能以非常大的工作量互相平行地对准这两个衬底,或不是非常可靠地构造半导体器件与这两个衬底之间的触点接通。
发明内容
具有独立权利要求的特征的本发明装置和本发明制造方法具有以下优点:通过构造具有较小基面的第二衬底,可以将功率器件在第二衬底旁边固定在第一衬底上。由此可以将第二衬底直接布置在第一衬底上,而具有不同高度的构件不用位于两个衬底之间。由此可以降低电子模块的整体结构高度,并可以实现两个衬底的精确平行对准。在这种情况下,朝水平方向在第二衬底旁边,可将功率器件直接钎焊到第一衬底上。
功率器件在这种情况下不具有自己的塑料壳体,以致可以借助钎焊或者胶粘将这些功率器件固定在第一衬底上。在此,器件的背面直接与衬底相连接。为此可以使用其中采用具有功率器件的第一衬底的并合模具(Fuegeform)。
如果例如将所谓的芯片粘接(Die-Attach)工艺用于将功率器件焊接到引线框架条(Lead frame)上,则不需要自己的并合模具,由此简化了制造工艺。
有利地将电绝缘的胶粘剂用于第一衬底与第二衬底之间的连接,以致确保:即使在两个衬底之间的微小间距的情况下也没有不期望的泄漏电流流过。
为了进行电触点接通,于是借助接合线(Bond-Draht)相互连接这两个衬底。有利地借助接合线将功率器件也与第一衬底和/或第二衬底电气接触。
优选地将具有基体和成形(anformen)在其上的附件(Fortsatz)的金属引线框架用作第一衬底。至少部分地将这些附件构造为例如具有钻孔的固定元件,借助该钻孔可以在制造工艺中将引线框架固定在并合模具中。
在一种优选的扩展方案中,第二衬底被构造为混合陶瓷,该混合陶瓷在安装到第一衬底上之前已装备有不同的电子构件。在此,可以以大卡片(Gross-Karte)的形式非常成本有利地制造第二衬底,由此可以同时并行实现一系列工序。
在一种优选的实施方案中,功率器件被构造为晶体管、尤其是被构造为没有自己的塑料壳体的功率MOSFET或者IGBT。由此可以非常紧凑地构造电子模块,其中,借助随后喷射的塑料体来保护所有电子构件。同样也可以成本有利地将二极管用作功率器件。
为了可以有效地从电子模块中散出在功率器件中所产生的热量,相对于第二(逻辑)衬底对称地布置了功率器件。为此,优选地将逻辑衬底布置在第一衬底的中心,并且功率器件对称地围绕第二衬底分布。
电子模块对于作为电动机的控制电子装置的应用是特别有利的,因为通过电气和机械接口在电子模块中的紧凑的连接可以将该电子模块直接布置在电动机的集电器(Kollektor)和位置传感器的区域中。通过将碳刷附加地集成到电子模块中,可以通过振动的去耦来显著降低噪声产生。通过将电子模块壳体构造为所喷射的塑料体,电子模块是一种在机械上稳定的单元,可以将该单元自行装载地非常易变地安装在电子电动机的变速箱外壳之内。
特别有利的是,在距第二衬底的间距恒定的唯一的水平平面中,将引线框架布置在塑料体之内。一方面,引线框架作为唯一的平整的平面可以较简单地被制造,另一方面由此简化了第二衬底和功率器件在第一衬底(引线框架)上的固定。
借助本发明的制造方法,可以非常成本有利地制造紧凑的电子模块,该电子模块尤其是适于用作电动机中的控制电子装置。如果在引线框架的基体的对应于第二衬底的平面图的区域中没有器件被布置在引线框架上,则可以在距引线框架的间距非常微小的区域中将第二衬底精确校准地粘贴在该引线框架上。由于借助接合线实现了电连接,所以可以以有利的方式将绝缘胶粘剂用于连接这两个衬底,该胶粘剂可以在另一工艺步骤中被硬化。在将塑料体喷射为电子模块的壳体时,由塑料体非常可靠地包围两个衬底,因为在这两个衬底之间没有小的空腔必须被喷射。
在安装电子模块期间,用于将电子模块与电动机相连接的、成形在引线框架上的固定装置可以同时被用于固定在并合装置中。由此可以将构件(尤其是功率半导体)精确地和可靠地固定在第一衬底上。
附图说明
在附图中示出了本发明装置的实施例,并且在以下说明中详细阐述本发明装置的实施例。其中:
图1示出了电子模块的示意性截面图,
图2示出了相对应模块的俯视图,和
图3示出了具有电子模块的示意性装置的电子电动机。
具体实施方式
在图1中,以沿着图2的线I-I的截面,示出了被构造为电子模块10的电子单元10的示意性结构。作为第一下衬底16,借助冲压、弯曲和压印,利用不同的段20来成形例如由铜片制成的引线框架14。在引线框架14上,布置了二极管24或者例如功率MOSFET 28的晶体管26作为功率器件22。在此,功率器件22具有不同的结构高度23。作为第二上衬底18,布置了具有被构造为印制导线34形式的金属涂层32的陶瓷衬底30。在第二衬底18的背向引线框架14的涂层32上,布置了诸如微处理器42、位置传感器44和SMD构件46的电子器件40,这些电子器件40共同构成了用于控制电动机12的逻辑部分48。在安装第二衬底18之前,借助SMD工艺或者倒装芯片(Flip-Chip)技术,将电子器件40安放到该第二衬底18上。于是借助电绝缘的胶粘剂36,将第二衬底18直接与第一衬底16相连接,其中,在两个衬底16、18之间不布置器件40。第一衬底16具有上表面38,该上表面38至少在第二衬底18靠近的整个区域39上面恰好在水平平面37中延伸。功率器件22固定地被钎焊在引线框架14上,其中这些功率器件22的下基准面50包括焊料52在内直接靠近引线框架14。
图2示意性示出了第一衬底16对于第二衬底18的相对布局。被构造为引线框架14的第一衬底16具有各个段20,这些段20借助(虚线的)绝缘杆(Dam-Bar)60相互连接,使得引线框架14作为相关联的部分首先可以与第二衬底18相连接,并随后可以利用塑料体62挤压包封。该塑料体62尤其是可以借助低压环氧物质以传递模塑(Transfer-Molding)工艺来制造。在此,被构造为引线框架14的第一衬底16由基体54组成,该基体54在完成制造电子模块10之后完全位于塑料体62之内。与其它电动机构件64构成了电气和机械接口58的附件56被成形在基体54上。附件56在此被构造为电子模块10的固定元件66。这些固定元件66例如具有钻孔68,利用这些钻孔68也可以在电子模块10的制造过程期间将第一衬底16固定在并合模具中。第二衬底18具有小于第一衬底16的基体54的基面19。第二衬底18在下基体54的中间区域39中被固定在该下基体54上。在第二衬底18的外周长70之外,功率器件22在外部边缘区55中固定地被钎焊在第一衬底16上,由此水平相邻于第二衬底18地布置功率器件22。电子模块10例如具有与第二衬底18点对称布置的四个功率器件22。借助接合线74将功率器件22相互间相连接,并将功率器件22与第二衬底18相连接,其中,也关于第二衬底18对称地布置电连接72。在此,接合线74在功率器件22的上侧76触点接通。于是,示意性表明的塑料体62利用功率器件22和接合线74完整地包围了第二衬底18和第一衬底16的基体54。在此,塑料体62被测量来使得可以在喷射该塑料体62之后借助冲压来除去绝缘杆60,以便各个段20不再导通地相互连接。引线框架14的各种附件56突出塑料体62。附件56中的部分被构造为用于电流连接和信号连接的插针80,其它附件56被构造为针对外部电气部件64的电接触部位82。两个其它的附件56被构造为弹簧夹84,与转子轴90的集电器88共同作用的碳刷86被布置在这些弹簧夹84上。另一附件56被构造为屏蔽元件相对于电磁干扰的电气和机械链环82。
在图3中示出了变速器驱动单元11,其中将具有转子轴90的电动机12在该转子轴90的整个长度上放置在壳体92中。在转子轴90上放置与第二变速元件95相耦合的第一变速元件94,并且将传动力矩转发给从动小齿轮(Abtriebsritzel),该从动小齿轮例如驱动汽车中的窗玻璃或者可开式车顶。为了进行供电,将与碳刷88处于滑动连接的集电器88布置在转子轴90上,这些碳刷88通过弹簧夹84与电子模块10相连接。导电的引线框架14的附件56作为自由端突出所喷射的塑料体62,并构成了弹簧夹84,以及构成了用于电气以及机械触点接通没有详细示出的部件64的电连接82。电子模块10除了在第二衬底18上的引线框架14之外还具有诸如微处理器42的各种电子器件40,或者具有与转子轴90上的位置传感器45共同作用的位置检测传感器44。在已径向地在壳体92中采用变速构件94、95以及转子轴90之后,具有集成的弹簧夹84的导电引线框架14对于转子轴90径向地被安装到壳体92中。为了在浇注在塑料体62中的位置传感器44与被布置在转子轴90上的位置传感器45(例如磁环45)之间达到最小间距,以微小的间距相对于位置传感器45直接径向地布置塑料体62。在此,电子模块10被压入或者(借助钻孔68)被用螺栓固定在壳体92中。可替换地,电子模块10可以被浇注或者通过第二壳体部分来夹紧。
应注意,在附图中所示出的实施例方面,各个特征相互间的多种多样的组合可能性是可能的。因此,可以将电子器件40的选择与相对应的应用相匹配。代替被构造为接口58的附件56,也可以将这些附件56与相对应的电动机构件64或者与外部电气部件成一体地被构造。导电引线框架14的制造不限于冲压。本发明装置优选地应用在电变速驱动装置中,尤其是窗玻璃和可开式车顶的应用。可是,根据本发明的电子模块10也可以被用于EC电动机、阀门齿轮传动装置或者点火线圈。
Claims (16)
1.一种电子模块(10),该电子模块(10)具有带有基体(54)的第一导电衬底(16)并且具有至少一个功率器件,第二导电衬底(18)被固定在该第一导电衬底(16)上,所述至少一个功率器件被布置在第一导电衬底(16)上,并且第二导电衬底(18)在背向第一导电衬底(16)的一侧(32)上装备有电子构件(40),其特征在于,所述第二导电衬底(18)具有小于第一导电衬底(16)的基体(54)的基面(19),并且所述功率器件(22)在第二导电衬底(18)的外周长(70)之外、在该第二导电衬底旁边被固定在第一导电衬底(16)上,所述第一导电衬底(16)是引线框架,所述功率器件(22)被构造为作为没有壳体的裸芯片元件的二极管(24)或晶体管(26)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,功率器件(22)被焊接或者导电地粘贴在第一导电衬底(16)上。
3.按照权利要求1或2之一所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,功率器件(22)借助芯片粘接工艺与第一导电衬底(16)导电连接。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,第二导电衬底(18)电绝缘地被粘接到第一导电衬底(16)上。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,功率器件(22)之间相互间的电连接(72)或与第二导电衬底或与第一导电衬底(16)的电连接(72)被构造为接合线(74)。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,第一导电衬底(16)被构造为具有成形在其上的固定元件(66)的引线框架(14),所述固定元件(66)同时可用于在并合模具中固定引线框架(14)。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,第二导电衬底(18)被构造为混合陶瓷(17),在该混合陶瓷(17)上,作为电子构件(40)布置了用于电动机(12)的转子轴(90)的微处理器(42)或控制逻辑电路(48)和位置传感装置(44),并且以SMD技术或者倒装芯片技术借助钎焊技术或者导电粘接技术可装备有电子构件(40)。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,所述功率器件(22)被构造为功率MOSFET(28)。
9.按照权利要求1或2所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,关于第二导电衬底(18)对称地将功率器件(22)布置在基体(54)的边缘区(55)中。
10.按照权利要求1或2所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,所述电子模块(10)被用于阀门齿轮传动装置或者点火线圈。
11.一种电动机(12),其具有按照上述权利要求之一所述的电子模块(10),其特征在于,第一导电衬底(16)的基体(54)和第二导电衬底(18)与塑料体(62)一起被挤压包封,使得成形在基体(54)上的附件(56)突出塑料体(62),以便构成用于连接其它电动机构件(64)的电气或机械接口(58)。
12.按照权利要求11所述的电动机(12),其特征在于,第一导电衬底(16)朝第二导电衬底(18)具有平的表面(38),该表面(38)至少在塑料体(62)之内连贯地在唯一的水平平面(37)中延伸。
13.一种用于制造电子模块(10)的方法,其特征在于以下步骤:
-在具有基体(54)和成形在其上的外部附件(56)的第一导电衬底(16)上,功率器件(22)被焊接或者导电地贴在基体(54)的外部边缘区(55)上,其中所述第一导电衬底(16)是引线框架(14),所述功率器件(22)被构造为作为没有壳体的裸芯片元件的晶体管(26)或二极管(24),
-具有小于第一导电衬底(16)的基体(54)的基面(19)的第二导电衬底(18)事先装备有电子构件(40),并且电绝缘地被粘接到第一导电衬底(16)的空闲区域(39)上,
-借助加熔炉工艺来硬化经上述步骤后形成的、第一导电衬底(16)和第二导电衬底(18)构成的合成物,
-此后,在功率器件(22)之间相互间或通向第一或第二导电衬底(16,18)制造电接合连接(74),
-围绕第一导电衬底(16)的基体(54),与第二导电衬底(18)一起来喷射塑料体(62),使得附件(56)自由突出塑料体(62)。
14.按照权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二导电衬底(18)是混合陶瓷(17)。
15.按照权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,为了焊接或者粘贴功率器件(22)或为了将第二导电衬底(18)粘贴到第一导电衬底 (16)上,该第一导电衬底(16)被放入并合装置中,并且将该第一导电衬底(16)固定在并合装置上。
16.按照权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,借助成形在第一导电衬底(16)上的钻孔(68)将该第一导电衬底(16)固定在并合装置上。
17.按照权利要求13、14或15之一所述的方法,其特征在于,借助芯片粘接工艺,功率器件(22)导电地与第一导电衬底(16)相连接。
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PCT/EP2006/068282 WO2007079997A1 (de) | 2005-12-28 | 2006-11-09 | Elektronikmodul sowie verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen |
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CN105448876B (zh) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-07-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十八研究所 | 一种传感器及其装配方法 |
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AU2017267978A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2018-11-22 | Pylon Manufacturing Corp. | Windshield wiper connector |
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US20080247142A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
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