CN101340099B - Super capacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing series type dynamic voltage restorer - Google Patents

Super capacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing series type dynamic voltage restorer Download PDF

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CN101340099B
CN101340099B CN2008100489883A CN200810048988A CN101340099B CN 101340099 B CN101340099 B CN 101340099B CN 2008100489883 A CN2008100489883 A CN 2008100489883A CN 200810048988 A CN200810048988 A CN 200810048988A CN 101340099 B CN101340099 B CN 101340099B
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energy storage
voltage
electronic switch
filter
restorer
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CN101340099A (en
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尹婷
陈轩恕
杜砚
刘飞
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GUOWANG WUHAN HIGH VOLTAGE INST
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GUOWANG WUHAN HIGH VOLTAGE INST
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Abstract

The invention relates to a series dynamic voltage restorer which adopts a super-capacitor and battery hybrid energy storage system, belonging to the technical field of power equipment. The dynamic voltage restorer comprises a charge device which is used for charging the super-capacitor and battery hybrid energy storage system, a hybrid storage energy system consisting of a super-capacitor and a battery and used for storing the power energy in direct current form, an invert unit which is used for outputting compensation voltage and a boosting filter unit which is used for connecting the dynamic voltage restorer to a power system. The dynamic voltage restorer uses one hybrid energy storage module to realize the energy storage requirement of the direct current side of the restorer to replace the traditional energy storage manner, thus satisfying the compensation need of short-time drop of voltage in the power system. At the same time, compared with the dynamic voltage restorer which adopts a traditional energy storage unit, the dynamic voltage restorer has better dynamic response, longer compensation time and higher performance price ratio and is more environment-friendly.

Description

The series type dynamic voltage restorer of ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of series type dynamic voltage restorer that adopts ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing, belong to electrical equipment technical field.
Background technology
Voltage dip is meant the incident that the supply power voltage effective value descends suddenly at short notice, and the duration of this phenomenon mostly is 0.5~1.5s greatly in electrical network.Voltage dip has become the topmost power quality problem of the big industrial trade company of influence with interruption.And the number of times of voltage dip takes place often more than voltage interruption, and frequency is comparatively frequent owing to falling temporarily, so in general, it is huge falling the loss that brings temporarily.
At the harm of voltage dip, traditional improvement measure mainly contains:
(1) reduces the sensitivity of production equipment self to voltage dip.
(2) number of defects of minimizing electrical network.
(3) shorten the fault clearance time.
(4) influence that compensation arrangement suppresses or eliminate power quality problem is installed, traditional method has: install static compensation device (as TCR, TSC, SR) additional; Adopt uninterrupted power supply (ups) Unity; Stand-by generator etc. is installed.
Transient power quality problems such as these methods or the voltage dip that can not take place electrical network, fluctuation are carried out real-time compensation, or cost an arm and a leg and efficient low, exist many deficiencies in a word.
Dynamic electric voltage recovery device DVR is based on the customization electric device of modern power electronics technology, be the effective and the most economic present solution electric voltage dropping and the method for rising problem, its basic thought is to insert a dynamically controlled voltage source in subscriber's line, adopts suitable control method to make this voltage offset because any harmful effect that the electric power system disturbance causes load voltage.
Energy-storage units provides active power to load during voltage dip, must have certain energy storage and Power Exchange ability.Typical and potential energy storage device comprises: storage battery, ultracapacitor, flywheel energy storage and superconducting energy storage etc., this several method all has characteristics and deficiency separately.
The sharpest edges of storage battery are that cost is lower, use simple; But the energy conversion efficiency of storage battery is low, because the restriction of self charging and discharging currents, it can not provide bigger power, the powerful requirement of abrupt release in the time of can not satisfying DVR carry out voltage compensation on real-time; Simultaneously, the life of storage battery is shorter, the maintenance cost height, and adopt heavy metal or Acidity of Aikalinity raw material more, be unfavorable for environmental protection.
Ultracapacitor is a kind of emerging energy-storage travelling wave tube, and it is big to have power density, long service life, the characteristics of non-maintaining and environmental protection; Shortcoming is that monomer voltage is low, and form high voltage needs a plurality of capacitors in series, and energy density is relatively low, and the voltage compensation of short period can only be provided for DVR.
Flywheel energy storage system is generally formed main frame by flywheel and motor, frequency converter etc., forms subsidiary engine by vacuum pump, refrigerating plant etc.Flywheel energy storage has advantages such as the electric power input and output are quick, efficient is high, the life-span is long, but the allowable stress of flywheel bulk material makes the rising that rotating speed can not be unlimited, and the flywheel energy stored is restricted.Its energy storage efficiency is subjected to the restriction of bearing friction, and it is complicated to be used for the control system of stable and location flywheel.In addition, cooling technology, vacuum technique also have much room for improvement.Because of the high speed rotating of flywheel also brings a series of problems such as noise, vibration, safety problem.
The principle of superconducting energy storage technology (SMES) is to utilize the magnetic field that produces in the superconducting coil to come store electrical energy.SMES equipment most important component is superconducting coil, cooling bay refrigerating system, helium bucket and ancillary equipment.The advantage of SMES has, and efficient is very high, can reach 90%, and power output is big, easily forms high voltage.Shortcoming mainly is that refrigerating system has increased cost, in addition, its stability also merits attention, and it is all highstrung to the variation in temperature, current density and magnetic field, its magnetic field will be equal to or higher than 9T, and keeping so, high magnetic field also is a very large technology of difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the series type dynamic voltage restorer of a kind of ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing, with the energy storage requirement of a hybrid energy-storing module realization restorer DC side, to replace traditional energy storage mode.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the series type dynamic voltage restorer of a kind of ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing is characterized in that: the charging device that comprise mixed energy storage system, is used for mixed energy storage system is charged, be used to the filter unit that boosts exporting the inversion unit of bucking voltage and be used for dynamic electric voltage recovery device is inserted electric power system;
The bank of super capacitors that mixed energy storage system is composed in series by a plurality of monomer ultracapacitors, batteries and the 4th and the 5 two electronic switch K4, K5 form, the 4th electronic switch K4 is wherein arranged between batteries and the bank of super capacitors, this electronic switch one termination batteries positive pole, another termination bank of super capacitors positive pole is in order to the discharge of control mixed energy storage system;
Above-mentioned charging device connects mixed energy storage system by first to the 3rd electronic switch K1, K2, K3, the first electronic switch K1 is connected between charging device and the mixed energy storage system, as the switch of charge initiation with the excision charging device, the outlet of the termination charging device of this electronic switch K1, the other end is connected with the node of the 3rd electronic switch with second; Second is connected the positive pole of batteries and bank of super capacitors respectively with the other end of the 3rd electronic switch K2, K3;
Second is connected inversion unit with the node of the 3rd electronic switch K2, K3 through another the 5th electronic switch K5, mixed energy storage system is connected in parallel on the DC side of inversion unit.
The series type dynamic voltage restorer of aforesaid ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned charging device, comprise single-phase rectification bridge, a filter of forming by inductance L 1 and capacitor C 1 of forming by four power diodes, inductance L 1 in the filter is connected in the charging current loop, and the capacitor C 1 of filter is connected in parallel on the DC side of rectifier bridge by inductance L 1.Inductance L 1 in the filter is connected in the charging current loop, the first electronic switch K1 is connected between charging device and the mixed energy storage system, as the switch of charge initiation with the excision charging device, the outlet of the termination charging device of this electronic switch K1, the other end is connected with the node of the 3rd electronic switch with second; Second is connected the positive pole of batteries and bank of super capacitors respectively with the other end of the 3rd electronic switch K2, K3, is used to control charging device mixed energy storage system is charged, and cooperates with two electronic switches of mixed energy storage system, realizes that selection discharges.
The series type dynamic voltage restorer of aforesaid ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing is characterized in that: be used to export the inversion unit of bucking voltage, comprise a half-bridge converter of being made up of four switching tubes.
The series type dynamic voltage restorer of aforesaid ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing, it is characterized in that: the filter unit that boosts that is used for dynamic electric voltage recovery device is inserted electric power system, comprise a step-up transformer Tup and filter, filter is made up of first capacitor C 2 and first inductance L 2, the output of inversion unit first inductance L 2 back of connecting is in parallel with first capacitor C 2, the secondary of step-up transformer filtering first capacitor C 2 in parallel, former edge joint is gone into electric power system, is used to realize the recovery voltage function of dynamic electric voltage recovery device.
Operation principle of the present invention: (1) is used for charging device that ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing system are charged, single-phase rectification bridge is used for the electric energy of the alternating current form that will obtain from system by not controlling the electric energy that rectification converts the direct current form to, and with of the DC side output of this electric energy from rectifier bridge, in order to charge to mixed energy storage system, the electric capacity of filter is used for the high-frequency harmonic composition of filtering output voltage, the inductance in the filter; (2) be used to export the inversion unit of bucking voltage, it is the electric energy that is used for obtaining the direct current form from mixed energy storage system, and according to the testing result of sample circuit to load voltage, offset of sinusoidal modulating pulse series duty ratio is controlled, and direct current energy is converted behind the electric energy of alternating current form to the interchange outlet side output from inverter bridge; (3) be used for series type dynamic voltage restorer is inserted the filter unit that boosts of electric power system, filter capacitor is used for the high-frequency harmonic composition of filtering inversion unit output voltage, and inductance is used to regulate filter effect.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the response time is fast: the power density of ultracapacitor reaches 5kW/kg, can be on abrupt release goes out the kilo-ampere electric current.
Operating time is long: storage battery and ultracapacitor have stronger complementarity on technical performance.The energy density of storage battery is big, but power density is little, and efficiency for charge-discharge is low, and cycle life is short, and to the charge and discharge process sensitivity, the high-power adaptability that discharges and recharges and frequently discharge and recharge is not strong.Ultracapacitor is then opposite, and its power density is big, and the efficiency for charge-discharge height has extended cycle life, and is adapted to very much the high-power occasion that discharges and recharges with cycle charge-discharge.Ultracapacitor is mixed use with storage battery, makes storage battery energy density big and the ultracapacitor power density big, have extended cycle life etc. that characteristics combine, can improve hybrid accumulator power output capacity, reduce internal loss, increase discharge time.
The cost performance height: because storage battery and ultracapacitor belong to static energy storage device, thereby simple and reliable when mixing use, need not subsidiary engine equipment, operating cost is low, and maintenance cost is few.In the mixed energy storage system work, instantaneous large-current is mainly born by ultracapacitor, can effectively reduce the charging and discharging of accumulator cycle-index, prolongs the useful life of a whole set of energy-storage system; Can also dwindle the volume of energy storage device, the reliability of improving electric power system and economy.
In sum, the mixed energy storage system of being made up of ultracapacitor and storage battery has the incomparable advantage of other energy storage modes, adopts the dynamic electric voltage recovery device rapid dynamic response speed of this mixed energy storage system, stored energy capacitance is big, easy to maintenance, simple to operate, the cost performance height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, the main circuit diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2, the charge-discharge circuit figure of the ultracapacitor of the embodiment of the invention and accumulator hybrid energy-storing system.
Embodiment
Be described in detail below in conjunction with the series type dynamic voltage restorer of drawings and Examples ultracapacitor of the present invention and accumulator hybrid energy-storing.
The ultracapacitor of the embodiment of the invention and the series type dynamic voltage restorer of accumulator hybrid energy-storing, its main circuit diagram comprises as shown in Figure 1:
(1) is used for charging device that ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing system are charged, comprise filter that a single-phase rectification bridge of being made up of four power diode D1-D4, one are made up of inductance L 1 and capacitor C 1 and three electronic switch K1, K2, K3, the capacitor C 1 of filter is connected in parallel on the DC side of rectifier bridge, inductance L 1 in the filter is connected in the charging current loop, between electronic switch K1 serial connection charge device and the energy-storage system, as charge initiation and excision switch; Electronic switch K2, K3 are series at the positive pole of storage battery and ultracapacitor respectively, are used to control charging device to mixed energy storage system charging and cooperates with electronic switch K4, K5, realize that selection discharges;
(2) be used to store the mixed energy storage system of forming by ultracapacitor and storage battery of above-mentioned direct current form electric energy, this mixed energy storage system is connected in parallel on the DC side of charging device and inversion unit, and bank of super capacitors, batteries, two electronic switch K4, K5 of being composed in series by a plurality of monomer ultracapacitors form.Wherein batteries is in parallel through an electronic switch K4 with bank of super capacitors, in order to control main discharge power supply; Whole mixed energy storage system is connected in parallel on the DC side of inversion unit through electronic switch K5;
(3) be used to export the inversion unit of bucking voltage, comprise a half-bridge converter of forming by four switching tubes (TD1-TD4);
(4) be used for dynamic electric voltage recovery device is inserted the filter unit that boosts of electric power system, comprise a step-up transformer Tup and a capacitor C 2 and the filter that inductance L 2 is formed, in parallel behind the output series inductance L2 of inversion unit with capacitor C 2, the secondary of step-up transformer Tup filter capacitor C2 in parallel, former edge joint is gone into electric power system, is used to realize the recovery voltage function of dynamic electric voltage recovery device.
Below introduce the workflow of the embodiment of the invention in detail, the charge-discharge circuit figure of the ultracapacitor of the embodiment of the invention and accumulator hybrid energy-storing system as shown in Figure 2, the charge and discharge process of whole mixed energy storage system is divided into three parts: two energy-storage travelling wave tubes charge respectively, ultracapacitor discharge, battery discharging.
During system initialization, earlier by electronic switch K1, K2, K3 closure, by rectification filtering circuit to two energy-storage travelling wave tubes: ultracapacitor and storage battery charge respectively, and when two energy-storage travelling wave tube terminal voltages reached rated value, K1, K2, K3 disconnected, the cut-out charge circuit;
Ultracapacitor is in parallel with storage battery, the centre is connected by electronic switch K4, ultracapacitor is connected in parallel on the inversion end, the centre has a starting switch K5 to connect, electronic switch K4 is controlled by two energy-storage travelling wave tube end pressure reduction, if accumulator voltage exceeds the ultracapacitor end and presses a certain limit value, electronic switch K4 closure.Normal condition electronic switch K4, K5 disconnect.When falling temporarily appears in system voltage, send enabling signal, the K5 closure, earlier to the inversion unit power supply, if the time of falling temporarily is shorter, the not obvious compensation effect that influences of ultracapacitor end drops is then only powered by ultracapacitor by ultracapacitor, and K4 keeps disconnecting.If it is longer to fall the time temporarily, or it is frequent to fall number of times temporarily, and ultracapacitor end drops is more, can not realize that load voltage recovers fully, and then the K4 closure provides the inversion unit DC power supply by storage battery, simultaneously ultracapacitor is charged.Continue to continue if fall temporarily, storage battery is not enough to provide recovery voltage, then sends stopping signal by the DVR main circuit, the excision load.

Claims (5)

1. the series type dynamic voltage restorer of ultracapacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing is characterized in that: the charging device that comprise mixed energy storage system, is used for mixed energy storage system is charged, be used to the filter unit that boosts exporting the inversion unit of bucking voltage and be used for dynamic electric voltage recovery device is inserted electric power system;
The bank of super capacitors that mixed energy storage system is composed in series by a plurality of monomer ultracapacitors, batteries and the 4th and the 5 two electronic switch (K4, K5) form, the 4th electronic switch (K4) is wherein arranged between batteries and the bank of super capacitors, this electronic switch one termination batteries positive pole, another termination bank of super capacitors positive pole is in order to the discharge of control mixed energy storage system;
Above-mentioned charging device connects mixed energy storage system by first to the 3rd electronic switch (K1, K2, K3), first electronic switch (K1) is connected between charging device and the mixed energy storage system, as the switch of charge initiation with the excision charging device, the outlet of the one termination charging device of this electronic switch (K1), the other end is connected with the node of the 3rd electronic switch with second; Second is connected the positive pole of batteries and bank of super capacitors respectively with the other end of the 3rd electronic switch (K2, K3);
Second is connected inversion unit with the node of the 3rd electronic switch (K2, K3) through another the 5th electronic switch (K5), mixed energy storage system is connected in parallel on the DC side of inversion unit.
2. the series type dynamic voltage restorer of ultracapacitor according to claim 1 and accumulator hybrid energy-storing, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned charging device, comprise single-phase rectification bridge, a filter of forming by inductance (L1) and electric capacity (C1) of forming by four power diodes, inductance in the filter (L1) is connected in the charging current loop, and the electric capacity of filter (C1) is connected in parallel on the DC side of rectifier bridge by inductance (L1).
3. the series type dynamic voltage restorer of ultracapacitor according to claim 1 and 2 and accumulator hybrid energy-storing is characterized in that: be used to export the inversion unit of bucking voltage, comprise a half-bridge converter of being made up of four switching tubes.
4. the series type dynamic voltage restorer of ultracapacitor according to claim 1 and 2 and accumulator hybrid energy-storing, it is characterized in that: the filter unit that boosts that is used for dynamic electric voltage recovery device is inserted electric power system, comprise a step-up transformer (Tup) and filter, filter is made up of first electric capacity (C2) and first inductance (L2), connect first inductance (L2) back of the output of inversion unit is in parallel with first electric capacity (C2), the secondary of step-up transformer filtering first electric capacity (C2) in parallel, former edge joint is gone into electric power system, is used to realize the recovery voltage function of dynamic electric voltage recovery device.
5. the series type dynamic voltage restorer of ultracapacitor according to claim 3 and accumulator hybrid energy-storing, it is characterized in that: the filter unit that boosts that is used for dynamic electric voltage recovery device is inserted electric power system, comprise a step-up transformer (Tup) and filter, filter is made up of first electric capacity (C2) and first inductance (L2), connect first inductance (L2) back of the output of inversion unit is in parallel with first electric capacity (C2), the secondary of step-up transformer filtering first electric capacity (C2) in parallel, former edge joint is gone into electric power system, is used to realize the recovery voltage function of dynamic electric voltage recovery device.
CN2008100489883A 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 Super capacitor and accumulator hybrid energy-storing series type dynamic voltage restorer Active CN101340099B (en)

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