CN101340048A - 一种高压导线w型连接方法 - Google Patents
一种高压导线w型连接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101340048A CN101340048A CNA2007101229380A CN200710122938A CN101340048A CN 101340048 A CN101340048 A CN 101340048A CN A2007101229380 A CNA2007101229380 A CN A2007101229380A CN 200710122938 A CN200710122938 A CN 200710122938A CN 101340048 A CN101340048 A CN 101340048A
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- steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明的名称为：一种高压导线W型连接方法，涉及一种电工工具领域。本发明的目的是通过现有的手动液压压接钳的改进钢模方案来实现的，创造性地运用提出高压导线连接的作用力与反作用力运动基本定律的力学理论依据，W型压接技术方法在运动基本定律的作用下，导线连接铝管围压连接与钢管W型连接构成二合一连接。不但大于已有导线连接标准的机械强度，而且不损伤导线，在运行中的连接管不易扩张，经久耐振动，减少脱落松动和烧熔故障。
Description
一种高压导线w型连接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电工工具，特别是一种高压导线w型连接
方法
背景技术
导线接头在运行过程中，过热故障是最为常见的故障之 一，常因氧化、腐蚀等原因而产生接触不良，使接头处的电 阻远远大于同长度导线的电阻。这样当电流通过时，由于电 流的热效应使接头处导线的温度升高，造成接头处过热。会 产生以下的不良影响。
1. 机械强度下降金属材料温度升高时，会使材料退火 软化，机械强度下降。铝导线在长期发热时，当温
度超过ioo度，其抗拉强度便急剧下降。
2. 接触电阻增加导线的接触连接处，如果温度过高， 接触连接表面会强烈氧化，并发生蠕变，使得接触 电阻增加，温度便随着这一恶性循环而增加，可能 导致接触处松动或烧熔。
因此对架空线路导线的连接有以下几项基本要求：
(1) 接触良好紧密，接触电阻小。
(2) 连接接头的机械强度应不低于导线抗拉强度 的90%。
(3) 在线路连接处改变导线截面或由线路向下作T 形连接时，应采用并沟线夹续接。
(4)导线的连接一般可实行压接、插接、绕接 或者焊接。但高压架空导线不宜实行焊接，因为焊接时
必须将导线加热，导线加热后会造成退火，其机械强度 降低，焊接处将成为薄弱环节。而高压架空线所承受的 张力一般都较大，该薄弱环节往往断裂而造成事故。
(5)导线的接头随导线材料不同而异。钢芯铝线、 铝绞线相互连接时， 一般采用插接法、钳压法或爆炸压
接法；而铜线与铜线的连接一般采用绕接法或压接法。
目前常用的导地线接头连接方式有两种；即爆压连接与 液压连接。输电线路导地线接头连接的可靠性，关系到设备 长期安全运行。因此，确定导地线接头连接的工艺，必须首 先从电网的安全、经济运行出发，合理地选用连接工艺。
现将爆压与液压的利弊进行综合比较；
1. 爆压接头的不合格率比液压接头高。发生事故的 机率比液压接头多，即使钢芯未烧断，但也存在压不实、 握力不够等问题。
而爆压接由于爆轰速度比材料变形速度快得多，而且 爆轰产生的压强很难准确计算，只能从大量的试验成果中 进行分析，而爆压接是手工操作，即使在相同的工艺条件 下，由于人员，气象，地理条件不同也会产生一定的差异， 这就使接头质量状况不稳定。
2. 根据已有的电力技术标准规范：导线或避雷线的 连接其试验握着强度不得低于导线或避雷线保证计算拉 断力的95%。实际上到目前为止，不论是方法技术，还是工艺操作 均沿袭采用液压工艺的压力，将连接管紧压在线芯上，并 使连接管与线芯接触面之间产生金属表面渗透，从而形成 可靠的握着力。压接工艺分为点压和围压两种，不论是点 压或围压，关健在于应有足够的压缩比。也就是说，要采 用标准的接续管和与其相应的压接模具，并使用适当的压 接钳，以达到足够的压接深度。对于压接深度，不论是点
压法还是围压法，压接深度深了，会使导线受到伤害；压
接深度浅了，又不能保证计算拉断力的95%。所以以其已有技术握着力的力学原理保证计算拉断力95%的压缩比的 作用是有限的。已有技术的液压或钳压导线连接，也存在 压不实、握力不够等问题。而且随着接头处导线的温度升 高，造成接头处过热氧化这一恶性循环而逐渐下降导线连接 计算拉断力的压缩比，使导线材料退火软化，机械强度下 降所导致连接处松动脱落或烧熔。
3.在爆压接时，暴露钢芯表面受高速气热快速加热， 并快速冷却，其表层形成马氏体，马氏体层在高强度拉应 力作用下，可能形成微裂紋，而引起应力集中，在交变应 力的作用下裂紋迅速扩展，甚至出现断裂"。所以对导线 接头内部的检查是非常必要的，尤其是采用爆压接头时。
其次爆压接头还会带来炸药，雷管运输及保管上的麻 烦，与爆压声响对生态平衡、环保的影响等。目前国外一 些开展爆压接头比较早的国家，如加拿大、美国等也多采 用液压接头，其原因在于液压比爆压方式安全可靠。
综上所述，高压导线接头过热故障是造成导线脱 落的主要因素之一：还有风对线路一种谐振现象，也是造 成导线脱落的主要因素，微风振动所引起导线脱落的危害。 除了大风引起倒杆、歪杆、断线等造成架空电力线路停电事 故外，还会因风在较低风速或中等风速情况下使导线和避雷 线引起振动，在架空线路的档距中间，由于风力的作用而引 起导线的周期性振荡称为导线的振动。导线振动还与电压等 级有关，电压越高导线悬挂点越高，造成稳定性振动的可能 性也就越大，导线因振动受到的破坏越严重。严重时会因 导线振动造成脱落，断线、事故。当振动力向上时，是造成 线夹螺栓拉丝，螺母脱落，脱节的客观原因。
发明内容
面对沿用至今的导线爆压连接与液压连接法遗留的问题，除 了制定新的操作规程和质量标准，本发明针对上述问题，提供了一种高压导线w型连接方法。连接头既是导线的关键，又是导线的薄弱环
节。根据事故调查统计，导线连接的故障在全部事故中占有很大的比 重，因此必须重视导线连接头的工艺，提高导线连接头的质量。
以己有技术握着力增强导线连接压缩比的情况看，导线 接头液压连接，均主要是依靠液压机的压力使压接管产生塑 性变形，将连接管的部分金属紧密地嵌在绞线梳状体的线隙里，增大摩擦阻力，达到足够的压缩此。综上所述：连接管 L的长度越长，压接管摩擦阻力越大。由此可得出结论：根 据方程式的计算，液压直线管L的长度为所连接的钢绞线计 算直径d。的26倍；大截面导线标准液压直线管的铝线在铝 管内有效压缩L长度为导线计算直径d。的14.15倍；钢芯 直线对接钢管内有效压缩L长度为钢芯计算直径d。的30倍。 高压导线W型连接方法:不论是钢绞线，还是钢芯销紋线的 直线压接管连接L长度，在同等条件下均为计算直径d。的 10倍，减少有色金属消耗，降低线路造价。由于高压导线W 型连接方法技术的特殊形状，具备了作用力与反作用力的运 动基本定律，本项目的W型压接技术方法在运动基本定律的作用下，高压导线w型连接方法不但大于已有技术的导线连接标准的握着力学的机械强度，而且在导线运行中的连接管不易
扩张，既能保持稳定的压缩比，达到了连接点电阻小、抗氧 化，并且不损伤导线，经久耐振动，减少松动脱落和烧熔故 障率。
本发明的目的就在于：克服已有技术的上述缺点和不足，提供 一种可以适用于高压导线W型连接的力学理论依据，并能有效的防 止机械强度下降和接触电阻增加现象，从而降低导线连接故障及 减少大面积停电事故的发生。
本发明的效果如下所述：
本发明的目的是通过现有的手动液压压接钳的改进钢模方案来 实现的，基本一组钢模配一种高压导线型号，不仅与己有技术点压法 和围压法的握着力学理论《衣据不同，而且不损伤导线自身强度，创 造性地运用设计了高压导线连接作用力与反作用力的运动基本 定律的力学理论依据，本项目的W型压接技术方法在运动基
本定律的作用下，不但大于已有导线连接标准的机械强度， 在运行中的连接管不易扩张，而且经久耐振动，减少脱落松动和 烧熔故障。进一步增强了原有的压縮比。
本发明上述的目的是通过下面的技术方案实现的：根据手动液 压压接钳的结构，设计了专用导线及避雷线的钢模，钢模由沿长度方
向间隔设置了一组牙口及内腔沿横向方向形成w型凸凹曲线。已有的
接续管和耐张线夹产品仍可以继续使用，根据不同的截面积导线规格 和作业规程，需备用大、中、小号手动液压压接钳。 附图说明
图1是本发明钢芯铝绞线W型接续管对接图；
图2是本发明钢芯铝绞线W型耐张线夹连接图；
图3是本发明导线W型己压后不等边六角形截断面图； 具体实施方式
本发明的具体结构是通过下面的实施例及附图实现的。
参见图1、钢芯2铝绞线3自未压钢芯2钢管1液压部位及操作 顺序由中心开始，然后分别向钢管l 口端部依次各施压一次，最后再 将铝管4与己被施压成W型的钢管1重合对中均匀后开始对铝管4六 角形围压，对铝管4的围压操作要点均与己有技术接续管操作要点标 准相同，构成了一个接续管取长补短二合一的新型压接。由于钢管 1W型压接与铝管4围压接二合一技术的特殊形状，使新型二合一连 接方法的接续管不易因蠕变发生扩张现象，增强保持稳定的压缩比， 进一步提高机械强度。
参见图2，钢芯2铝绞线3自未压钢芯2钢锚5液压部位及操作 顺序由钢锚一端开始，施压一次即可，与接续管施压两次不同。其它 方面二合一新型压接操作要点均相同，耐张线夹铝管施压六角形时其 引流板6与钢锚5长圆环的相对角度应符合已有技术标准规定。W型 压接技术能够大于己有技术标准的抗拉强度要求。
参见图3，导线W型己压后截断面呈不等边六角形，其中两角形 为上下相对的不等边圆拱形，其余四角形则为等边平直形，不等边圆 拱形结构具有一定的W型连接管的抗拉强度，其余四角形等边平直结 构则出于钢模的脱模设计。通过手动液压压接钳产生的压力，形成W
型压接的不等边六角特殊形状。 本发明的使用方法如下：
将铝管4自钢芯2铝绞线3 —端先套入，然后将己剥露的钢芯2 向钢管l内穿入，在导线连接管内注入微量含银导电胶。穿入时应顺 绞线绞制方向旋转推入，直至钢芯2两端头在钢管1内中心点相抵， 两边预留长度相等，使用的W型钢模型号必须与被压管接续管或耐张 线夹型号相匹配，钢模外型尺寸应与液压机相配套，被压管放入下钢 模时，位置应正确，用双手把住管，合上钢模。钢模两侧导（地）线 与被压管保持水平状态，并与液压钳垂直水平一致。W型液压部位及 操作顺序由中心开始，然后分别向钢管l 口端部依次各施压一次，最 后再将铝管4与己被施压成W型的钢管1重合对中均匀后开始对铝管 4六角形围压，对铝管4的围压操作要点均与己有技术接续管或耐张 线夹操作要点标准相同，钢锚5液压部位及操作顺序由钢锚一端开 始，施压一次即可。耐张线夹施压一次与接续管施压两次不同，其它 方面接续管与耐张线夹二合一新型压接操作要点均相同，。本发明通 过导线W型连接方法及钢模应用，构成了一个接续管或耐张线夹两 种力学原理兼而有之和取长补短的二合一新型压接，实现电网结构明 显加强，网损下降，设备利用率、线路输电能力、可靠性和电能质量 显著提高，科学管理水平大幅提升，资源节约和环境友好水平有所突 破，为电网的持续、健康、快速发展提供强有力的技术支撑。
Claims (3)
1.一种高压导线W型连接方法，其特征是，高压导线连接为W型连接方法。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高压导线W型连接方法，其特征 是，导线连接铝管围压连接与钢管W型连接构成二合一连接。3根据权利要求2所述的一种高压导线W型连接方法，其特征是， 导线W型连接截断面呈不等边六角形。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103490265A (zh) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-01 | 国网上海市电力公司 | 一种防松股的导线压接方法 |
| CN106159856A (zh) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-11-23 | 天津市新玻特种线缆制造有限公司 | 碳纤维导线耐张线夹 |
| CN107994356A (zh) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-04 | 王嘉伟 | 一种防止家用两段导线接头短路的接线方法 |
| CN109616849A (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-12 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | 一种架空导线19根绞钢绞线对接嵌铝压接方法 |
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2007
- 2007-07-05 CN CNA2007101229380A patent/CN101340048A/zh active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103490265A (zh) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-01 | 国网上海市电力公司 | 一种防松股的导线压接方法 |
| CN103490265B (zh) * | 2013-09-24 | 2015-08-19 | 国网上海市电力公司 | 一种防松股的导线压接方法 |
| CN106159856A (zh) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-11-23 | 天津市新玻特种线缆制造有限公司 | 碳纤维导线耐张线夹 |
| CN107994356A (zh) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-04 | 王嘉伟 | 一种防止家用两段导线接头短路的接线方法 |
| CN109616849A (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-12 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | 一种架空导线19根绞钢绞线对接嵌铝压接方法 |
| CN109616849B (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-12-13 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | 一种架空导线19根绞钢绞线对接嵌铝压接方法 |
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