CN101274438B - Plywood for container floor - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of plywood for container floor, the plywood includes a pressure-bearing layer mainly bearing compressive stress on its upper part and a veneer layer composed of veneer mainly bearing tensile stress on its lower part; the pressure-bearing layer comprises particleboard or /and fiber board; the veneer layer includes wood veneer or/and bamboo veneer; the adjacent board layers are connected by pressing and gluing. Because the present invention adopts an asymmetric structure in the embryo design of each board of the container bottom plate, thereby avoiding the weak points of particleboard and fiberboard in shear resistance, bending resistance and tensile resistance, the strength of wood veneer and bamboo veneer is brought into full play. The advantages of strong shear, bending and tensile capabilities greatly improve the bearing strength of the container floor.

Description

Plywood for container floor

technical field

The invention relates to a plywood, in particular to a plywood for the bottom plate of a container.

Background technique

As we all know, containers are widely used in the transportation industry because of their large capacity and heavy load. Among the components of the container, the wooden floor of the container is one of the important components. As shown in Figure 1, the container floor 11 generally adopts wooden plywood with an odd number of layers. In the JH/TD01 standard promulgated and implemented by the China Container Industry Association in 2002, it is stipulated that "the wooden floor is at least 19 layers of plywood". One of the essences of the odd-numbered layer requirements is to realize that the materials of the corresponding veneers of the plywood are arranged symmetrically along the grain direction with the center layer as the symmetrical plane, so as to achieve the consistency and stability of the mechanical properties of the plywood. Considering that the requirements for the flexural strength of the bottom plate in the length direction of the container are higher than the requirements for the flexural strength in the width direction of the container, in the arrangement of the veneer, the 01, 02, 03 layers on the surface and the bottom The 01`, 02`, and 03` laminates are all long veneers along the grain that are consistent with the length direction of the container body (as shown by the double-headed arrow A in Figure 1).

In the container structure, the underframe is mainly used to carry goods. The underframe of a general container is mainly composed of bottom side beams 100 on both sides of the container and a bottom side beam 100 fixedly connected between the two bottom side beams 100 as shown in FIG. 2 . The underframe frame body 10 formed by the crossbeam 101 and the wooden bottom plate laid on the underframe frame body 10 constitute, as shown in FIG. As shown in Figure 2) on the inner side of the angle iron (not shown) and the corresponding structure of the lower beam 12 of the end frame, this design is not only conducive to the stability of the cargo, but also facilitates the waterproofing of the cargo in the box during sea transportation Protect. After the bottom plate is loaded with goods, the layers above the center layer mainly bear the effect of compressive stress, while the layers below the center layer mainly bear the effect of tensile stress. It can be seen that the stress modes of each layer are different. Therefore, the bottom plate of the container is used The use of plywood with a symmetrical structure is questionable.

Since the cargo load is directly acting on the bottom plate, this puts forward higher requirements on the hardness of the bottom plate, especially the strength. Therefore, for a long time, the bottom plate has been made of tropical hardwood with high strength characteristics, mainly Southeast Asian clone wood. Raw materials, large-diameter logs have been used in production, and after being rotary cut into veneers, multi-layer veneers are formed into embryos and hot-pressed into plywood; the continuous demand for large-diameter logs in the container industry has led to excessive harvesting of cloned logs in Southeast Asia, which is on the verge of As a result, it has a bad impact on the environment in Southeast Asia and the world. It is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of containers to seek new raw materials suitable for making container bottom plates and the structural form of bottom plates using new raw materials.

The Chinese patent No. 89211114.3 discloses a three-layer structure plywood compounded by bamboo and shavings. As shown in Figure 4, its upper surface 20 and lower surface 22 adopt bamboo chips, and its core 21 adopts bamboo and/or For wood shavings, after soaking the bamboo chips and spraying the shavings to form embryos, the three-layer material is hot-pressed once to make a plywood. Due to the high density and high hardness of bamboo, there will be a problem of low bonding strength if it is directly glued to the shavings. This low-strength plywood cannot meet the strength requirements of the container for the bottom plate. Although the technical solution disclosed in this patent application is not suitable for the container floor, it provides a direction and idea of using bamboo and/or particleboard to solve the raw material and structural form of the container floor.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a plywood for the bottom plate of the container which can not only meet the loading strength requirement of the container, but also effectively reduce the manufacturing cost.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of plywood for the bottom plate of a container, the plywood includes a pressure-bearing layer located on its upper part mainly bearing compressive stress and a veneer layer located on its lower part mainly bearing tensile stress and consisting of four or five veneers; The pressure-bearing layer includes particleboard or/and fiberboard; the veneer layer is wood veneer or wood veneer and bamboo veneer, if the veneer layer is wood veneer and bamboo veneer, then wood veneer and bamboo veneer The boards are arranged alternately, and the veneers adjacent to the pressure-bearing boards are wood veneers. The grain direction of the wood veneers is consistent with the length direction of the container. If the veneer layers are all wood veneers, the The direction of the lines of the wood veneers is perpendicular to each other, and the direction of the lines of the wood veneers adjacent to the pressure-bearing plate is consistent with the length direction of the container; the adjacent board layers are connected by pressing and gluing.

The plywood for the bottom plate of the container, wherein, the pressure-bearing layer may be composed of a layer of particleboard, or may be composed of a layer of fiberboard.

The plywood for the bottom of the container, wherein the pressure-bearing layer includes at least two layers of particle boards, and further includes at least one layer of wood veneer sandwiched between two adjacent particle boards; or, the pressure-bearing layer includes There are at least two layers of fiber boards, and at least one layer of wood veneer sandwiched between two adjacent fiber boards.

The plywood for container bottom, wherein, the bearing layer includes at least one layer of particle board and at least one layer of fiber board, and further includes at least one layer of wood veneer sandwiched between adjacent particle boards and/or fiber boards.

The plywood for the bottom of the container, wherein, the particleboard is wood particleboard or bamboo-wood composite particleboard or bamboo particleboard; the fiberboard is medium density fiberboard or high density fiberboard.

The plywood for the bottom plate of the container, wherein, the pressure-bearing layer further includes a surface plate arranged on its surface, and the surface plate is a wood veneer or a bamboo mat.

The plywood for the bottom plate of the container, wherein, the surface plate is further provided with a veneer.

The plywood for the bottom plate of the container, wherein, the plywood is provided with a mortise of 3 mm to 4 mm deep at the position matched with the angle iron on the inner side of the bottom side beam and the middle beam of the bottom frame.

The plywood for the bottom plate of the container, wherein, the thickness of the veneer layer is generally greater than 5mm, and the thickness of the plywood is 28mm.

The plywood for the bottom plate of the container can be produced in the following two ways:

The first:

Include at least the following steps:

(a) the processed wood veneer or/and bamboo veneer and the particleboard or/and fiberboard and wood veneer forming the pressure-bearing layer are glued and formed into plywood blanks according to the embryo formation mode;

(b) hot-pressing or cold-pressing the plywood blanks that have been assembled into finished products.

The second type:

Include at least the following steps:

(a) arranging and organizing the processed wood veneer or/and bamboo veneer cloth glue to form a veneer layer blank;

(b) hot-pressing the veneer layer blanks that have been formed into embryos;

(c) Glue the hot-pressed veneer layer and the particleboard or/and fiberboard and wood veneer forming the pressure-bearing layer to form a plywood blank;

(d) Finally, hot-press or cold-press the plywood blanks that have been assembled into finished products.

Because the present invention adopts the asymmetric structure in the embryonic design of each plate of the container bottom plate, thereby avoiding the weakness of the particleboard and the fiberboard in shear resistance, bending resistance and tensile resistance, the strength of the wood veneer and the bamboo veneer is brought into full play. The advantages of strong shear, bending and tensile capabilities greatly improve the bearing strength of the container floor.

Description of drawings

In order to further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the following drawings. The purpose, characteristics and characteristics of the present invention will be able to obtain a deep and specific understanding. However, The drawings are provided for reference and illustration only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the plywood used for the general container floor of the prior art;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a general container underframe frame in the prior art;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal partial sectional view of a container reflecting the structural relationship between the bottom plate and the underframe frame in the prior art;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a kind of bamboo material of prior art, shaving composite board;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of yet another embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a container in the prior art reflecting the structural relationship between the bottom plate and the underframe frame;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of B of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of C of Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of yet another embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Example 1

As shown in Fig. 5, a kind of plywood 3 for the bottom plate of a container includes a pressure-bearing layer composed of a layer of particleboard 30, a veneer layer composed of two bamboo curtains 31 and three wooden veneers 32 arranged alternately, Wherein, adjacent to the particleboard 30 is a wood veneer 32'. Considering that the requirements for the flexural strength of the bottom plate in the length direction of the container are higher than the requirements for the flexural strength in the width direction of the container, the wooden veneer 32 (32') in this example all adopts Long veneer along the grain.

The plywood 3 of present embodiment can adopt two kinds of methods when making:

Method 1: Glue the processed particle board 30, wood veneer 32 and bamboo curtain 31, and form embryos according to the structure shown in Figure 5, and then form them by hot pressing;

Method 2: first glue the wood veneer 32 and the bamboo curtain 31, then form the embryo according to the structure shown in Figure 5, and then process the complete veneer layer by hot pressing, and then hot press the veneer layer and the particleboard after gluing Or cold forming, the thickness of the formed plywood is 28mm, allowing a tolerance of plus or minus 0.5.

The amount of glue applied, hot pressing/cold pressing temperature, time, etc. in the above method all adopt the parameters in the production process of plywood for container floor, so they will not be repeated in the present invention.

Based on known techniques in the art, the particleboard 30 can be ordinary or oriented wood particleboard, bamboo-wood composite particleboard, or bamboo particleboard with similar strength. For large pieces of bamboo particleboard, medium density or high density fiberboard can also be used instead of particleboard or the two materials can be used together, and the manufacturing process will not be fundamentally changed due to the difference in the material of the pressure-bearing layer; therefore, this implementation The particleboard 30 in the example can be replaced by a fiberboard, and its embryo formation method and production method are the same as the particleboard, and will not be repeated here.

In addition, the bamboo curtain 31 in this embodiment can be replaced by wood veneer, or the wood veneer 32 can be replaced by bamboo curtain, that is, the veneer layers are all composed of wood veneer or bamboo veneer, and the embryo formation method and production The method is the same as the veneer layer composed of wood veneer and bamboo curtain described above, and will not be repeated here, but when using wood veneer instead of bamboo curtain 31, the glue strength of the plywood is considered, and the wood veneer used for replacement The board shall adopt a cross-grain structure (that is, a structure in which the direction of the grain is consistent with the width direction of the container).

As shown in Figure 6, one deck of wood veneer 33 can be added on the pressure-bearing layer of plywood shown in Figure 5 (other components are shown in Figure 5), and the direction along the grain of this wood veneer 33 is consistent with the longitudinal direction of the container box body. (as shown by the double-headed arrow B among the figure) consistent, to further enhance the pressure-bearing capacity of the pressure-bearing layer, can be made according to the above-mentioned method one, or after the veneer layer is made by method two, the particleboard, wood veneer 33 and After the veneer layer is glued and the embryo is formed, it is hot-pressed and formed. The thickness of the plywood after forming is 28mm, and a tolerance of plus or minus 0.5 is allowed.

Further, as shown in Figure 7, a veneer material 34 can be added on the upper and lower surfaces of the plywood shown in Figure 6, such as phenolic impregnated paper, non-woven fabric, etc., to achieve a beautiful surface, easy to clean, wear-resistant, and non-slip etc. purpose. Based on known technologies in the art, it is also possible to directly add veneer materials on the upper and lower surfaces of the plywood shown in FIG. 5 to achieve the same purpose.

2, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10, on the one hand, in a general container manufacturing structure, the bottom plate 11 is riveted on the top of the bottom beam 101, and in general, the upper surface 110 of the bottom plate 11 is connected to the bottom side beam. The upper surface 1001 of 100 is basically flush, that is to say, the distance from the upper surface 1001 of the bottom side beam to the upper surface of the bottom beam is roughly equal to the thickness of the bottom plate 11, and this distance mainly determines the preset load of the box body. Therefore, the thickness of the bottom plate Can be different because of the load capacity and the structure of box body, the thickness of plywood 3 is 28mm in the present embodiment, is only for illustration, is not the limitation to its thickness; On the angle iron 102 inside the bottom side beam 100, and on the middle part of the bottom cross beam 101, there is an underframe middle beam 103. Therefore, the base plate 11 is correspondingly provided with tenons 111 and 112. Generally, the underframe middle beam 103 The thickness of the angle iron 102 is between 3mm and 4mm, thus, the plywood explained in the present invention can provide a 3mm to 4mm deep tenon at the position matched with the angle iron and the beam in the underframe. For overall strength, the thickness of the veneer layer should be greater than 5mm.

Example 2

As shown in Figure 11, a kind of plywood 4 for container floor, this board includes the pressure-bearing layer that is made of two particleboards 40 and the wood veneer 43 that is sandwiched between two particleboards 40 and is made of two wood veneers 42 and two The veneers formed by the alternate arrangement of bamboo curtains 41 are wood veneers, wherein the veneers adjacent to the pressure-bearing layer are made of wood veneers 42 . Same as Example 1, considering that the requirements of the container for the flexural strength of the bottom plate in the length direction are higher than the requirements for the flexural strength in the width direction, the wood veneer 42 and wood veneer 43 in this example are all used in the same way as the container box The length direction of the body is consistent with the grain long veneer.

As shown in Figure 12, one deck of bamboo mat 44 can be added on the pressure-bearing layer of the plywood shown in Figure 11 to further enhance the pressure-bearing capacity of the pressure-bearing layer, and the production can be made in the following two ways, specifically as follows:

Method 1: As shown in Figure 11, each board is coated with glue and embryos are assembled, and then hot-pressed;

Method 2: Apply glue to two wooden veneers 42 and two bamboo curtains 41 according to Figure 11, arrange the embryos alternately to form a veneer layer, and then combine the veneer layer with two particleboards 40 and two particleboards. The wood veneer 43 between 40 is glued and formed according to the pattern shown in Figure 11, and finally the finished product is made by hot pressing or cold pressing.

Further, as shown in Figure 13, veneer materials can be added on the upper and lower surfaces of the plywood shown in Figure 12, such as phenolic impregnated paper, non-woven fabric, etc., to achieve a beautiful surface, easy to clean, wear-resistant, non-slip, etc. Purpose. Based on known techniques in the art, it is also possible to directly add veneer materials on the upper and lower surfaces of the plywood shown in FIG. 11 to achieve the same purpose.

The particleboard 40 in this embodiment can be replaced by fiberboard or used together with two kinds of materials. The method of embryo formation and production is the same as that of particleboard, which will not be repeated here.

In addition, the bamboo curtain 41 in this embodiment can be replaced by a wooden veneer, or the wooden veneer 42 can be replaced by a bamboo curtain, that is, the veneer layers are all composed of wood veneer or bamboo veneer, and the embryo formation method and production The method is the same as the veneer layer composed of wood veneer and bamboo curtain described above, and will not be repeated here, but when using wood veneer instead of bamboo curtain 41, the glue strength of plywood is considered, and the wood veneer used for replacement The board should adopt a horizontal grain structure (that is, the direction of the grain is consistent with the width direction of the container).

It can be known from common technical knowledge that the present invention can be realized through other embodiments without departing from its spirit or essential features. Accordingly, the above-disclosed embodiments are, in all respects, illustrative and not exclusive. All changes within the scope of the present invention or within the scope equivalent to the present invention are embraced by the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. a composite board for bottom board of container is characterized in that, this glued board includes the bearing course that mainly bears compression that is positioned at its top and is positioned at the ply of being made up of veneer that mainly bears tension of its underpart; Described bearing course comprises particieboard or/and fiberboard; Described ply is veneer or is veneer and bamboo veneer, when if ply is veneer and bamboo veneer, then veneer and bamboo veneer interphase distribution, and the veneer adjacent with bearing plate is veneer, the ridge orientation of veneer is consistent with the length direction of container, if ply is veneer entirely, the ridge orientation of then adjacent two veneers is vertical mutually, and the length direction of the ridge orientation of the veneer adjacent with bearing plate and container is consistent; Repressed gummed connects between the described adjacent flaggy.

2. composite board for bottom board of container according to claim 1 is characterized in that described bearing course is made of one deck particieboard.

3. composite board for bottom board of container according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described bearing course comprises two-layer at least particieboard, and further includes the veneer of one deck at least that is clipped between adjacent two particieboards.

4. composite board for bottom board of container according to claim 1 is characterized in that described bearing course is made of one deck fiberboard.

5. composite board for bottom board of container according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described bearing course comprises two-layer at least fiberboard, and further includes the veneer of one deck at least that is clipped between adjacent two fiberboards.

6. composite board for bottom board of container according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described bearing course comprises one deck particieboard and one deck fiberboard at least at least, and further includes and be clipped in adjacent particieboard or/and the veneer of one deck at least between the fiberboard.

7. according to claim 2 or 3 or 6 described composite board for bottom board of container, it is characterized in that described particieboard is wooden plane card or bamboo wood laminated particle-board or bamboo shaving plate.

8. according to each described composite board for bottom board of container of claim 4 to 6, it is characterized in that described fiberboard is medium density fibre board (MDF) or high density fiberboard.

9. according to each described composite board for bottom board of container of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that described bearing course also includes and is arranged on its surperficial surface plate, described surface plate is veneer or bamboo mat.

10. composite board for bottom board of container according to claim 9 is characterized in that, also further is provided with veneer on the described surface plate.

11., it is characterized in that described glued board offers the dark tenon mouth of 3mm to 4mm in the position of matching with fine strain of millet in the angle bar of bottom side beams inboard and the underframe according to each described composite board for bottom board of container of claim 1 to 6.

12., it is characterized in that the thickness of described glued board is 28mm according to each described composite board for bottom board of container of claim 1 to 6.

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