CN101273313B - 用于过程设备的改进的电能产生 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种过程设备(34,360,500,600)包括控制器(36,362)和无线通信模块(32,366,506)。无线通信模块(32,366,506)与控制器(36,362)连接。电能产生模块(38,365,508,602,604,620)提供来为过程设备(32,366,506)发电。电能产生模块(38,365,508,602,604,620)可以放置在过程设备(32,366,506)内,或者可以是与过程设备(32,366,506)连接的分离单元。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及工业过程控制和监视系统。具体而言,本发明涉及针对这种现场设备的电能产生。
背景技术
在工业环境下,控制系统用于监视和控制工业和化学过程的盘存(inventory)等。典型地,控制系统使用现场设备执行这些功能,现场设备分布在工业过程中的关键位置,并通过过程控制环路与控制室中的控制电路连接。术语“现场设备”是指分布式控制或过程监视系统中执行功能的任何设备,包括对工业过程的测量、控制和监视中使用的所有设备。
现场设备,这里也称作过程设备,在过程控制和测量工业中用于多种目的。这种设备通常具有现场硬化外壳(field-harden enclosure),从而可以安装在户外相对恶劣的环境中,并能够经受温度、湿度、振动、机械冲击等方面的物候极限条件。这些设备也能够典型地在相对较低功率上工作。例如,目前可用的现场设备从公知的4-20mA环路接收全部工作功率。这些设备不仅能够在该环路上工作,还能够通过该环路,以模拟信号(实际上调制4-20mA信号)和数字方式进行通信。
一些现场设备包括换能器。换能器是指基于物理输入而产生输出信号的设备,或者是基于输入信号而产生物理输出的设备。典型地,换能器将输入变换为形式不同的输出。换能器的类型包括各种分析仪器、压力传感器、热敏电阻器、热电偶、应变仪、流量变送器、定位器、致动器、螺线管、指示灯及其他。
典型地,每个现场设备也包括通信电路,用于经由过程控制环路与过程控制室或其他电路进行通信。在一些安装中,过程控制环路也用于向现场设备传送调节后的电流和/或电压,以向现场设备供能。
传统上,模拟现场设备通过二线式过程控制电流环路与控制室连接,其中每个设备通过单个二线式控制环路与控制室连接。典型地,对于模拟模式,两线之间的电压差分保持在12-45伏特的电压范围内,而对于数字模式,范围是9-15伏特。一些模拟现场设备将流经电流环路的电流调制为与感测到的过程变量成比例的电流,以向控制室传输信号。其他模拟现场设备可以在控制室的控制下,通过控制流经环路的电流的幅度,执行动作。此外或作为备选,过程控制环路可以载送用于与现场设备进行通信的数字信号。相比于模拟通信,数字通信允许更大程度进行通信。进行数字通信的现场设备可以有选择地响应控制室和/其他现场设备并与之通信。此外,这种设备可以提供额外的信令,例如诊断和/或警报。
在一些安装中,已开始使用无线技术来与现场设备通信。无线操作简化了现场设备的配线和设置。在目前的无线安装使用中,将现场设备制造成包括内部电池,由太阳能电池对其进行充电,而没有任何类型的有线连接。由于无线设备的能量需求可能依据设备报告速率、设备元件等多种因素发生较大变化,所以使用内部电池会出现问题。
在太阳能不可靠的情况下,安装也会遇到困难。例如,在会出现一周七天、每天二十四小时全是阴天的区域、或在世界上太阳隔离数(solar isolation number)非常小的地方,例如北极圈,使用太阳能就很成问题。因此,在这种安装中,使用太阳能向无线过程设备供能是不可靠的。由此,一直以来都非常需要能够使用不依赖于太阳的充足可更新能量源来进行工作的无线过程设备。
发明内容
一种过程设备包括控制器和无线通信模块。无线通信模块与控制器连接。电能产生模块设置为产生用于过程设备的电。电能产生模块可以放置在过程设备内,或者可以是与过程设备连接的分离单元。
附图说明
图1是示例现场设备的视图,对于该现场设备,根据本发明的无线供能和通信单元尤其有用。
图2是图1所示现场设备的框图。
图3是包括有无线通信电路的现场设备的框图,无线通信电路用于与显示或手持单元等远处设备进行通信。
图4是安装在现场设备上的根据本发明实施例的无线供能和通信单元的正视图。
图5A是根据本发明实施例的无线供能和通信单元的框图。
图5B是根据本发明实施例的能量转换模块的框图。
图6是根据本发明实施例的用于过程设备的电能产生系统的视图。
图7是根据本发明实施例的用于过程设备的电能产生系统的视图。
图8是根据本发明实施例的无线过程设备的视图。
图9A和9B分别是根据本发明实施例的过程设备的正视图和侧视图。
图10A和10B分别是根据本发明另一实施例的过程设备的正视图和侧视图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出了使用邻近现场设备的能量源来产生用于现场设备的电能。另外,这些能量源不依赖于太阳能。本发明的实施例包括提供一种无线供能和通信单元,其允许设计用于有线通信的显示设备可以无线地进行操作。此外,本发明的实施例包括使用放置在现场设备邻近的非太阳能量源来为现场设备产生电能。
本发明的实施例利用邻近现场设备的非太阳能量源,以产生显示设备使用的电能。这里所用的术语“非太阳”包括由在物理上邻近过程设备的分子产生的电能的任何源。因此,非太阳能量可以包括风能、利用现场设备邻近的氧的燃料电池技术、和/或利用过程流体本身中的分子来产生能量的燃料电池技术。以下更详细地描述这些实施例中的每一种。
图1和2是示例现场设备的视图和框图,对于该现场设备,根据本发明的无线供能和通信单元尤其有用。过程控制或监视系统10包括通过二线式过程控制环路16与一个或更多个现场设备14连接的控制室或控制系统12。过程控制环路16的示例包括模拟4-20mA通信、包括模拟和数字通信的混合协议(例如干线可寻址远程换能器(HART)标准)、以及FOUNDATIONTMFieldbus标准等全数字协议。过程控制环路协议一般既可以向现场设备供能,又允许现场设备与其他设备进行通信。
在本示例中,现场设备14包括经由外罩23中的接线端子板21与致动器/换能器20以及过程控制环路16连接的电路18。现场设备14示出为过程变量(PV)生成器,其与过程连接,感测该过程的温度、压力、pH、流量等方面或其他物理特性,并提供对这些方面或特性的指示。现场设备的其他示例包括阀、致动器、控制器和显示器。
现场设备的特点一般是能够在“现场”进行操作,这可能使它们暴露给环境应力,例如温度、湿度和压力。除了环境应力,现场设备通常还必须经受暴露在腐蚀、危险和/或甚至爆燃性空气中。此外,这些设备也必须在存在振动和/或电磁干扰的情况下进行操作。图1所示类型的现场设备代表传统设备的相对较大的安装基底,传统设备设计为以全有线方式进行操作。
图3是无线现场设备的框图。现场设备34包括电能产生模块38、控制器35、无线通信模块32和致动器/换能器20。模块38可以包括内部储能单元,并适于向现场设备34供能。电能产生模块38为设备34发电。这种发电的方式可以采用多种形式,稍后在本说明书中提供诸如燃料电池和风能发电机等具体示例。来自模块38的电能对控制器35供能,以与致动器/换能器20和无线通信模块32进行交互。然后,无线通信模块32经由天线26与参考数字24指示的其他设备进行交互。图4是与虚线所示的现场设备14相连的无线供能和通信单元100的正视图。单元100优选地经由标准的现场设备导管(conduit)102与设备14相连。适合的导管连接的示例包括1/2-14NPT、M20x1.5、G1/2和3/8-18NPT。单元100可以包括接头(joint),该接头允许围绕轴106的转动104和围绕轴110的转动108。此外,单元100的连接区域112优选地是中空的,以允许其中的导体(conductor)将单元100与设备14连接。在不需要对外罩(housing)进行位置调整的实施例中,连接区域112可以只是一段导管。
单元100包括安装在连接区域112上的外罩114。外罩114包含电路(参照图8所述),以允许单元100根据4-20mA、HART、FOUNDATIONTM Fieldbus、Profibus-PA、Modbus或CAN等标准工业协议向设备14供能并与之通信。优选地,协议包含数字通信,以提高单元100与设备14之间的交互水平。
因为单元100在设备14外部,所以在依据该单元所要连接的现场设备的具体功率需求而改变内部电能产生模块时,可以提供单元100的多种变体。优选地,单元100也包括与天线120连接的无线通信电路(图4中未示出)。相比于内部天线,设置外部天线120利于无线通信,这是因为许多现场硬化外壳是金属的,可能会使无线信号衰减。但是,也可以实现具有内部天线的实施例,其中内部天线邻近外罩114的无线电透明部分或电池116。但是,在单元100是现场硬化的情况下,为了经受与现场设备的设计所针对的环境类似的环境,外部天线实施例尤其有利。
单元100也可以包括本地用户接口。相应地,单元100可以包括显示器,例如可以邻近电池116之一而安装的LCD显示器122。为了接收本地用户输入,单元100可以包括按钮100等一个或更多个本地输入。本地用户接口十分重要,因为当组合单元/现场设备完全无线地工作时,技术人员与本地用户接口进行交互更加方便,而不是试图经由手持计算设备等来无线地访问该设备。本地接口可以用于访问该单元、现场设备或两者。这里定义的“本地用户接口”表示具有本地用户输入(例如按钮)、本地用户输出(例如LCD)或者两者的组合。如图4所示,LCD可以与电池116协同定位。
图5是根据本发明实施例的无线供能和通信单元的框图。单元360包括控制器362、储能设备364(示出为电池)、能量转换器365、环路通信器368和无线通信接口模块366。
控制器362优选地包括低功率微处理器和适当的充电电路,该充电电路将合适量的能量从电池116和/或储能设备364传送至供能单元360和与连接区域112连接的任何现场设备。此外,控制器362还将来自电池116和/或转换器365的过剩能量引导至储能设备364。控制器362还可以与可选的温度测量电路连接,以便在设备364开始变得过热时,控制器362可以减小至储能设备364的充电电流。例如,温度测量电路可以包含合适的温度感测元件,例如与储能设备364连接的热电耦。然后,模数转换器将来自热电耦的信号转换为该信号的数字表示,并将该数字信号提供给控制器362。
可以通过硬件、软件或两者来配置控制器362,以主动管理控制器本身和所连接的现场设备的功率。在这方面,控制器362可以使自已或任何所需现场设备进入低功率睡眠模式。睡眠模式是降低功耗的任何工作模式。对于现场设备而言,可以通过命令现场设备将其工作电流设定在其可允许的最低电流轨条(current rail)处,获得睡眠模式。可以促使进入低功率模式的事件包括:活动时段到期、来自一个或更多个本地用户输入的输入、来自一个或多个所连接的现场设备的通信、或无线通信。这些事件也可以用于将单元360和/或任何连接的现场设备从睡眠模式中唤醒。此外,控制器362可以基于控制器362内的编程指令中包含的任何逻辑或规则以及/或者经由无线通信模块366接收到的无线通信,有选择地使任何连接的现场设备进入睡眠模式。优选地,诸如按钮124等本地输入是用户可配置的。因此,单个按钮可以用于在用户可选的时段上唤醒现场设备,如果这样配置,再次按下按钮,使现场设备返回睡眠模式。在一个实施例中,可配置的本地输入按钮使用跳线(jumper)或开关来预设如下功能:
用于激活的按钮按下时间-选择1、1.5、2或3秒。现场设备忽略持续时间比预设时间短的按钮按压。
单元开启时间-选择10、15、30秒或者5、15、30、60分钟。
如果紧接着按压按钮两次,则现场设备在预设时段(例如60分钟)上保持开启,然后返回睡眠模式。
如果在预设间隔(例如5秒)之后第二次按压按钮,则现场设备返回睡眠模式。
优选地,控制器362也可以使单元360或所连接的现场设备内的部分电路进入睡眠模式。例如,无线通信模块366可以是商业可用的通用分组无线业务(GPRS)蜂窝电话模块,该模块具有正常工作模式和睡眠模式。当未保证重要的无线通信时,来自控制器362的信号可以使模块366进入睡眠模式。
能量转换器365可以是能够产生为过程设备所用的电能的任何设备。转换器365优选地可以包括与可移动组件连接的发电机(612),从而浪或风等环境运动可以发电。此外,转换器365可以包括燃料电池408。此外,转换设备365可以采用热电堆设备702(图5B所示),以使用珀耳帖效应(Peltier Effect),根据完全不同的温度来发电。此外,过程可以提供压缩气体等形式的能量源,可以使用基于压缩气体的发电机704(如图5B所示)将该能量源转换为电。最后,在储能设备具有比应用的能量需求相对较大的容量的实施例中,可以省略转换器365。显而易见,可以想到采用图5B所示的多种转换模块的组合。
无线通信模块366与控制器362连接,并基于来自控制器362的命令和/或数据,经由天线120与外部无线设备进行交互。依据应用,无线通信模块366可以适于根据任何合适的无线通信协议进行通信,无线通信协议包括但不限于:无线联网技术(例如由加利福尼亚州欧文市的Linksys构建的IEEE 802.11b无线接入点和无线联网设备)、蜂窝或数字联网技术(例如加利福尼亚州圣何塞市的AerisCommunication Inc.的Microburst)、超宽带、自由空间光学、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、通用分组无线业务(GPRS)、码分多址(CDMA)、展布频谱技术、红外通信技术、SMS(短消息收发业务/文本消息收发)或其他任何合适的无线技术。此外,可以采用公知的数据冲突技术,从而多个单元可以在彼此的无线工作范围内共存。这种冲突防止可以包括使用多个不同的无线电频率通道和/或展布频谱技术。
无线通信模块366也可以包括针对多种无线通信方法的换能器。例如,可以使用GSM或GPRS等距离相对较长的通信方法来执行主要无线通信,而使用IEEE 802.11b或蓝牙等向技术人员或单元附近的操作员提供辅助或附加通信方法。
一些无线通信模块可以包括能够与全球定位系统(GPS)进行交互的电路。有利地,可以在单元360中为移动设备采用GPS,以允许在远程位置处找到独立单元360。但是,也可以使用基于其他技术的位置感测。
图5所示的存储器370与控制器362相分离,实际上,存储器370可以是控制器362的一部分。存储器370可以是任何适当类型的存储器,包括易失性存储器(例如随机存取存储器)、非易失性存储器(例如闪存、EEPROM存储器等)及其任何组合。存储器370可以包含针对控制器362的程序指令、以及针对360的任何适当的管理开销数据。存储器370可以包含针对单元360的专有标识符,从而单元360可以区别针对自身的无线通信和其他无线通信。这种标识符的示例可以包括介质访问控制器(MAC)地址、电子序列号、全球电话号码、互联网协议(IP)地址或其他任何适当的标识符。此外,存储器370可以包括与所连接的现场设备有关的消息,例如它们的专有标识符、配置和能力。最后,控制器362可以通过使用存储器370,以任何适当形式提供单元360的输出。例如,可以将单元360和/或一个或更多个相关联的现场设备的配置和交互作为超文本标记语言(HTML)网页而提供。
所示的时钟372与控制器362连接,但是也可以是控制器362的一部分。时钟372允许控制器362提供增强的操作。例如,时钟372可以用于对上述关于可配置按钮125而描述的时段进行计时。此外,控制器362可以存储来自一个或更多个所连接的现场设备的信息,并将该信息与时间关联,以识别趋势。此外,控制器362可以在经由无线通信模块366发送从一个或更多个现场设备接收的信息之前,向该信息补充时间信息。此外,时钟372可以用于自动产生针对单元360和/或现场设备的周期性睡眠/唤醒命令。时钟372的周期性使用的另一形式是使控制器362经由模块366向外部无线设备发布对可接受状态进行周期性指示的心跳型(heartbeat type)信号。
环路通信器368与控制器362连接,并使控制器360与连接至一个或更多个连接区域112的一个或更多个现场设备进行交互。环路通信器368是公知电路,用于产生适当的信号,以根据诸如上述工业协议来进行通信。在单元360与根据不同协议进行通信的多个现场设备连接的实施例中,可以想到,使用多个环路通信器,以允许控制器362与多个现场设备进行交互。通过连接区域112实现的物理连接允许单元360向现场设备供能并与之通信。在一些实施例中,这可以实现为经由用于通信的相同导体(例如二线式环路)来提供电能。但是,也可以想到,本发明的实施例可以实现为,在与用于通信的导体不同的分离导体上向现场设备提供电能。为了方便技术人员访问,单元360可以包括邻近环路通信器368或连接区域112的两个或更多个端子,以方便连接手持配置设备,例如从明尼苏达州伊甸草原市的罗斯蒙德有限公司可获得的型号375手持设备。
图5还以虚线示出了与控制器362连接的可选的操作员按钮块374和LCD显示器块376。该图旨在示出所有本地输入,无论在单独的现场设备、无线供能和通信单元360还是两者上,都与控制器362连接。此外,每个现场设备、无线供能和通信单元360或两者上的本地用户显示器也与控制器362连接。这允许控制器362基于来自现场设备、与现场设备相关联的可配置按钮、邻近单元360而放置的一个或更多个按钮或者无线通信的输入,单独地与每个本地显示器进行交互。
图6是根据本发明实施例的用于过程设备的电能产生系统的视图。所示系统360是在过程设备外部的模块,但是也可以制成与过程设备集成为一体的。模块360包括可与过程设备连接的外罩400。外罩400包括由热障406分离开来的一对隔间(compartment)。形状系数(form factor)较小的甲醇燃料电池408放置在隔间402中。电子器件控制和功率管理系统410包括多个功率管理部件和电路,并放置在隔间404中。电子器件模块410可以包括超高容量的电容器和/或电池,以处理峰值传输功率需求。模块410中采用的实际电路的有关其他细节将参照图7提供。优选地,也将电子器件模块410封装起来,以进一步将模块410中的电子器件与燃料电池408的放热反应所产生的热进行热隔离。液体甲醇源412适于存储在隔间404中并在模块410之上。液体甲醇存储系统412可经由凹槽414与甲醇燃料电池408连接。
第一燃料电池基于H2+O2→H2O+2e-。因为H2难以存储并且处理起来很危险,所以调查了备选的燃料电池方案。一种较有吸引力的燃料电池技术是基于甲醇燃料电池。甲醇燃料电池是目前公知的,并可以实际构造。甲醇催化分解成H2+|byproducts|+|heat。周围空气用在氧气(O2)源。这种燃料电池的非常重要的优点是其紧凑小型的尺寸。可以构造基于微电机系统(MEMS)技术的甲醇燃料电池,其能够向无线过程变量发送机提供足够的电能。甲醇燃料电池的当前发展技术指示出,大约一副纸牌大小的设备可以向无线过程变量现场设备提供足够的燃料存储和发电。
因为甲醇的催化分解产生热,所以将电池408与电子器件410和液体存储箱进行热分隔。此外,散热盖416放置在外罩400之上,以释放由电池408产生的热。重要的是确保由甲醇的催化分解产生的热被耗散,并防止其将电子器件410加热到超过安全工作温度。在供能系统外壳400由金属制成的实施例中,该产生的热通过对流和辐射而耗散。此外,热障406帮助保护电子器件410。外罩400也包括通风口(vent)418,以允许周围氧气与电池408相互作用。在通风可能不被允许的实施例中,可以设置在小型密封的管道中的微型风扇,作为备选实施例。
图7是根据本发明实施例的用于过程设备的电能产生系统的视图。电子器件模块410与甲醇燃料电池408电连接,并经由线路420接收来自甲醇燃料电池408的电能。基于甲醇的燃料电池放置在隔间402内,隔间402经由热障406与电子器件模块410热隔离。甲醇存储箱412经由电控阀422与甲醇燃料电池408连接。阀422从燃料开(fuel-on)输出线路424接收来自模块410的控制信号。通过线路420将燃料电池408中产生的电提供给充电和控制电路426。充电和控制电路426通过二极管430提供输出428,设置二极管430以确保能量不会通过燃料电池408回流。如果提供有附加的能量存储单元,则将该单元与Vout线路432连接。优选地,使用比较器将节点434上的电压与最小阈值电压相比较。如果节点434上的电压低于最小阈值电压,则经由线路436进行充电。但是,如果节点434上的电压高于最小阈值电压,则沿线路438提供信号,以对过程变量发送机和无线通信器提供电能。因此,如果来自基于甲醇的燃料电池的可用电能不足以运行过程变量发送机和/或无线发送机,则供能电路集中在存储足够能量,以在稍后时间运行过程变量发送机或无线通信器。图7也示出了单元控制器和睡眠模式定时器438,其产生向过程变量发送机和无线通信器发送的使能信号。因此,单元控制器和睡眠模式定时器438可以使过程变量发送机、无线通信器或两者进入睡眠模式(过程变量发送机和无线通信器中的一个或两者汲取极其低的功率),同时燃料电池408可以对能量存储设备进行充电。此外,当电能存储元件的输出电压下降到低于预定值(Vmin)时,甲醇燃料电池对电能存储元件进行再充电,以确保成功操作。仅当电能存储元件不处于放电状态时,才为过程变量检查或无线发送提供电能。选择预定电压电平(Vmin),以使在高于该电平的任何电压上,存储的能量足以进行完整的过程变量检查或无线发送。在发起额外的过程变量检查或无线发送之前,优选地,重新检查电压,以验证该电压仍然在阈值之上。根据需要,电子器件410可以执行其他控制和通信活动。
将甲醇燃料电池作为过程设备电源的一个明显优点在于其提供的服务间隔。据估计,每公升甲醇,甲醇燃料电池产生大约1,000瓦特时。因此,利用半公升甲醇,无线过程变量发送机可以工作大约10年。相比于目前作为无线过程设备的非系留(untethered)电源标准的凝胶电池(gel cell battery)的期望保质/最佳服务寿命5年,10年的服务间隔非常有利。
通过在与燃料电池相同的物理外罩中提供电池或超级电容器等能量存储设备,得到的协作优势在于,由燃料电池产生的热可以用于帮助保持能量存储设备处于更加高效的温度工作范围中。在使用可再充电电池来满足峰值能量需求的实施例中,可以将镍金属氢化物(NiMH)电池与甲醇燃料电池结合用于户外应用。这是因为甲醇燃料电池产生的热可以用于保持电池的温度足够高,以进行充电。
虽然参照图4-8示出的实施例示出了与功率管理电路协同定位的天线和相关联无线电路,但是容易想到,如果引起无线信号干扰的对象在供能系统外罩附近,则可以将天线和无线电路定位在较远处。因此,本发明的实施例包括将所有电能产生和无线电路设置在同一外罩内,该外罩可以是过程设备的一部分或在过程设备的外部。此外,电能产生电路或无线电路可以位于分离的隔间中,电能产生电路和无线电路之一也可以在实际过程设备本身的内部。
图8是根据本发明实施例的无线过程设备的视图。过程设备500与导管502连接,导管502中有基于碳氢化合物(hydrocarbon-based)的过程流体504。设备500与无线通信模块506和燃料电池模块508连接。与参照图6和7所述的实施例不同,燃料电池508不包括燃料电池存储箱,而是,燃料电池508经由歧管(manifold)510与过程连接,从而从过程本身汲取燃料。因此,一些过程流体504经由导管512传送至燃料电池508。为了提高效率,燃料电池508优选地设计为以预计类型的基于碳氢化合物的过程流体进行操作。例如,如果过程流体504是液态甲醇,则508可以与以上参照图6所述的燃料电池408等同。虽然该实施例与前述实施例不同,但是从两个实施例都利用在过程设备外部并邻近过程设备的非太阳能分子来向设备供能的方面来讲,实施例是相似的。图6和7的实施例至少使用氧分子,而参照图8的实施例至少使用过程流体的分组,并且根据公知的燃料电池技术,也可能使用氧分子。
通过依赖于过程流体本身对燃料电池508供能,实际上,可以从过程中获得无限的能量源。因此,可以向经由有线连接与设备500连接的其他本地设备供电。这种有线连接可以采用过程控制环路的形式,或者按照需要,采用其他任何合适的配线布置。在一些情况下,设计过程设备,从而以与导管502中流动的过程流体的量成比例的速率,将过程流体转换为电能。因此,可以测量并校正燃料电池502的电输出,以反映导管502中实际的过程流体的流动。燃料电池508的重要电能产生能力的另一重要应用是向加热器供电,以将传感器保持在固定温度,最小化密闭输送应用等的温度误差。
图9A、9B、10A和10B示出了本发明的实施例,其利用过程设备附近的分子来为过程设备发电。具体而言,这些实施例将分子的动能(以风的形式)转换为电能。
图9A和9B分别是相对于将风能转换为电能的装置602的过程设备600的正视图和侧视图。优选地,这些风能实施例也包括用于补充能量的太阳能转换系统604。风能转换器602包括优选地经由传统导管连接而安装到过程设备上的支架(support)606。安装在支架606上的风可移动元件608优选地包括至少两个部分。首先,风向标610适于提供表面区域,从而风会使风向标610定位在下游,从而将螺旋桨(propeller)/叶轮(impeller)部分612直接定位到风中。由此,可移动部分608可以关于支架606旋转,如箭头614所示。可转动的叶轮/螺旋桨612在机械上于发电机615连接,发电机615向过程设备600提供电能。发电机可以是本领域公知的或未来开发的任何合适设备。
图10A和10B分别是根据本发明另一实施例的与风电转换器620连接的过程设备600的正视图和侧视图。转换器620包括邻近补充太阳能转换器604而安装的支架622。风可移动组件623包括风向标610和经由横梁632与支架622连接的风可移位组件624、628和630。如上所述,作用在风向标610上的风压引起组件624关于支架622转动,从而将螺旋桨(airfoil)624、628和630直接放置到风中。当风经过螺旋桨624、628和630时,螺旋桨引起沿横梁632的由箭头634指示的方向上的位移。位于横梁632上或横梁632与支架622的接合处的压电换能器655将横梁632的位移变换为电能,然后该电能传送给过程设备600。
参照图9A、9B、10A和10B所示的两个实施例也可以具有护罩(shroud)或护盖,以帮助保护免受恶劣应用下的污垢。
可以采用其他类型的转动风能转换器,例如类似风速计的实施例。这是通常用于测量风速的转杯(rotating cup)设备。虽然这种设备在从风中提取能量的效率上远远低于螺旋桨,但是它们确实提供了方向性上的优势。因此,不需要使用可转动风向标。因为过程设备的能量需求相对较低,所以这种单方向性转动风能转换器的较低效率不成问题。
本发明的实施例利用过程设备附近的分子中可用的势能或动能的其他来源。由此,这种实施例不需要太阳能,也不存在仅用内部电池来向过程设备供能的缺点。此外,如上参照实施例所述的,能量产生的程度可以较大,从而其他过程设备可以有线连接到根据本发明实施例进行操作的过程设备,并由该过程设备供能。
虽然参照优选实施例描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,在不背离本发明精神和范围的前提下,可以进行形式和细节上的改变。
Claims (8)
1.一种包括过程设备以及无线供能和通信单元的系统,
过程设备连接至导管,基于碳氢化合物的过程流体在导管中流动,过程设备感测基于碳氢化合物的过程流体的物理特性;
无线供能和通信单元用于向过程设备提供无线操作,所述无线供能和通信单元包括:
外罩;
连接区域,与外罩连接,并与过程设备连接;
电能产生模块,包括基于碳氢化合物的燃料电池,在操作上
与导管连接,以接收基于碳氢化合物的过程流体,并向过程设备
供电;
环路通信器,经由连接区域与过程设备连接,并配置为与过
程设备通信;
控制器,与电能产生模块和环路通信器连接,控制器配置为
使用环路通信器与过程设备进行交互;
无线通信模块,与控制器连接,并配置用于无线通信。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括:存储箱,与燃料电池连接,以向燃料电池提供存储的燃料源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中燃料电池是甲醇燃料电池。
4.一种用于向过程设备供能的方法,包括:
将过程设备连接至导管,过程流体在导管中流动,过程设备感测过程流体的物理特性;
使用在过程设备外部的邻近的、由过程流体提供的分子进行反应;
基于使用所述分子的反应,进行发电;以及
向过程设备供电。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述分子是氧气。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中将所述分子提供给与过程设备连接的过程。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述反应包括与所述分子的动能发生反应。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述分子是运动的空气分子。
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US11/236,317 | 2005-09-27 | ||
US11/236,317 US8145180B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-09-27 | Power generation for process devices |
PCT/US2006/035728 WO2007037988A1 (en) | 2005-09-27 | 2006-09-13 | Improved power generation for process devices |
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CN101273313B true CN101273313B (zh) | 2012-12-19 |
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US (1) | US8145180B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1929386B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP4779018B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101273313B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2616802C (zh) |
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WO (1) | WO2007037988A1 (zh) |
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EP1929386B1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
RU2008116682A (ru) | 2009-11-10 |
CA2616802C (en) | 2017-05-09 |
JP5425837B2 (ja) | 2014-02-26 |
JP2009511796A (ja) | 2009-03-19 |
CA2616802A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
WO2007037988A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
EP1929386A1 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
US20060116102A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
JP4779018B2 (ja) | 2011-09-21 |
RU2408916C2 (ru) | 2011-01-10 |
US8145180B2 (en) | 2012-03-27 |
CN101273313A (zh) | 2008-09-24 |
JP2011238618A (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
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