CN101263760B - Coastal saline soil cotton economic fertilizing method - Google Patents
Coastal saline soil cotton economic fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an economic fertilization method for cottons at coastal saline land, which is characterized in that: classified fertilization is carried out according to the salinization extent of cotton fields; for slight saline land, the ratio of N:P:K is 1.0:0.6:0.9; for moderate saline land, the ratio of N:P:K is 1.0:0.7:0.7; for heavy saline land, the ratio of N:P:K is 1.0:0.8:0.0. Rhizphere fertilization is the main measure, and rhizphere fertilization and the spray of high concentration foliar fertilizer are combined; both base fertilizer and top dressing are important, and the application of fertilizer is determined according to salinization extent and yield level; centralized fertilization is performed under film. The economic fertilization method has the advantages that, the invention uses classified fertilization according to salinization extent and yield level, performs centralized fertilization under film, and combines rhizphere fertilization and the spray of high concentration foliar fertilizer, therefore fertilizer loss is reduced; fertilizer utilization ratio is improved, and the cost-saving and yield-increasing effect is obvious.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention provides and a kind ofly plant cotton at beach saline land, realize the economic fertilization method of cotton yield, abridged edition, synergy, this economic fertilization method is particularly suitable for the cotton of Yellow River Delta Coastal saline soil plantation.
(2) background technology
China is maximum in the world Cotton Production state and country of consumption, also is maximum textile and clothes producing country and exported country, and cotton has irreplaceable critical role in national economy.Stablizing area, improving per unit area yield, save cost, increase benefit is the important channel of realizing China's cotton industry sustainable development.But the main cotton growing area of China also is the important food producing region simultaneously, exists grain and cotton to strive the contradiction on ground, along with China's grain security problem becomes increasingly conspicuous always, plant cotton area in the expansion of grain and cotton main producing region and both do not had potentiality, also can aggravate grain and cotton and strive the contradiction on ground, influence grain security, very unrealistic.And rely on the strong characteristics of cotton salt resistance, fully excavating the potentiality of planting cotton in China saline land then is a reality, feasible, reliable approach.China's saline land aboundresources, the saline land resource that all has scale not wait in main cotton growing area.Shandong is one of the abundantest province of saline land resource, the scale of its beach saline land and should occupying the leading place in the whole country by woolliness.With Dongying City, Binzhou city and Weifang City is the cotton region, Yellow River Delta Coastal saline land of representative, and more than 500 ten thousand mu of existing acreage under cotton still have more than 800 ten thousand mu should wait to develop in cotton salt marsh wasteland.Therefore, make full use of this saline land, district resource and enlarge and plant cotton area, improve the output and the benefit of existing alkaline land cotton simultaneously, it is all significant to stablize sustainable development for Shandong and even national cotton production.
Fertilizer practice is that marine solonchak is planted one of cotton core technology.But for a long time, marine solonchak is planted cotton does not have special fertilizer practice, but adopts and the essentially identical traditional fertilization method in non-saline land, exists the un-reasonable phenomenon of " pay attention to chemical fertilizer, ignore fertilizer; pay attention to nitrogenous fertilizer, ignore phosphorus potash fertilizer, pay attention to base manure, ignore and topdress " yet.In recent years, on the one hand because the continuous improvement of life in the countryside condition and a large amount of transfers of labour, the source of fertilizer and drop into fewer and feweri; On the other hand, for pursuing cotton yield, the input amount of nitrogenous fertilizer continues to increase, and fertilizer loss is serious, and availability is low, and soil structure worsens, and cotton premature senescence is serious, drops into high and of poor benefits.Particularly since 2000 began to popularize soil of transgenic Bt cotton, the problem of coastal saline soil cotton early ageing, low yield was more outstanding.
Plant cotton benefit for improving beach salty soil, more domestic scholars study the cotton fertilizer practice in succession.The fertilizing method of a kind of beach salty soil cotton is disclosed in wherein " research of beach salty soil plant cotton technology " (Xu Huichun etc., the 1995NO.4P20 of Shandong Cotton Research Center's " Shandong agricultural science ") literary composition.This method thinks that based on the judgement to beach salty soil " nitrogen stress, poor phosphorus, rich potassium " fertility characteristic the economic fertilization method of beach salty soil is increasing the p application rate and nitrogenous fertilizer, not potassium application.Increasing the p application rate to beach saline land plant cotton frost damage prevention, short precocity also has good effect; Afterwards, " saline soil district cotton NPK fertilizer efficiency should be studied " (Xin Chengsong etc., Shandong Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences cotton research center " Laiyang Agricultural College journal " 2003,20 (1): the 39-41 method) a civilian disclosed coastal saline soil cotton fertilizing method also is to advocate to enrich the fertile and P fertilizer of N, recommend mu to execute purity nitrogen 13kg, P
2O
511kg.More than disclosed fertilizing method all formulate based on " beach salty soil nitrogen stress, poor phosphorus, rich potassium " fertility characteristics.To the discovering of beach saline land fertility state, heavy salinized ground (salt content is more than 0.5%) has the fertility characteristics of " nitrogen stress, poor phosphorus, rich potassium " in recent years; And on the low side, and easily run off and the performance potassium deficiency in the breeding season through effective potassium content in the moderate (salt content 0.3%-0.5%) after the improvement and slight (0.2%-0.3%) saline land.This shows that the fertilizing method of all taking to enrich N, P fertilizer in all salt marsh cotton fields is science, also uneconomical neither.
In addition, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are foliar fertilizers the most commonly used, although academia remains in dispute the production-increasing function of its foliage-spray, and these two kinds of spray leaf fertilizeies of widespread usage still in the Cotton Production.The urea commonly used at present and the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution generally are respectively 1-2% and 0.2-0.3%, (the yellow clear hope of China Agriculture Academe Fertilizer Institute is write " rational application of fertilizers and foliar application " on the too high blade face of can burning, Golden Shield publishing house, 1992,75-76).But, " cotton foliage-spray high concentration nitrogenous fertilizer replacement root is executed the fertile pre-test of colored bell " (Zhao Yuanming etc., Inst. of Cotton ﹠. Oil-Bearing Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences's " Henan agricultural science ", 2000, (10): 10-11) literary composition discloses a kind of spray leaf fertilizer method that improves urea concentration, urea concentration is brought up to 4-8%, can play the effect that substitutes rhizosphere flower bell fertilizer substantially.Under the condition of normal rhizosphere fertilization, utilize high concentration urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-spray that is mixed to delay the report of cotton premature senescence but have not yet to see.
In a word, the beach saline land of different saline and alkaline degree, fertilization type can not be the same with quantity; In the conventional method that marine solonchak adopts base manure to loose and execute, can cause that fertilizer loss is serious, availability is low; The effect of increasing production of traditional low concentration foliar application method is very limited.Existing fertilizing method is difficult to satisfy the needs of coastal saline soil cotton high-yield high-efficiency cultivation.
(3) summary of the invention
Problems such as the beach saline land fertilizer loss is serious, availability is low in order to overcome, and Insect Resistant Cotton early ageing is serious and yield poorly the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly plant the cotton cotton yield economic fertilization method efficiently that realizes at beach saline land.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
This kind is in the economic fertilization method of beach saline land plant cotton, and based on rhizosphere fertilization, rhizosphere fertilizer and high concentration foliage fertilizer spray and combine; Base manure and topdressing is laid equal stress on, according to saline and alkaline degree and the yield level fertilizer of planning strategies for; Film is concentrated fertilising down;
According to the salt marsh degree in cotton field classification fertilising: slight saline land is according to using sufficient nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, the principle of heavy dressing potash fertilizer, and N: P: the ratio of K consumption is 1.0: 0.6: 0.9; The moderate saline land is according to the principle that uses sufficient nitrogen potash fertilizer, heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, and N: P: the ratio of K consumption is 1.0: 0.7: 0.7; According to using sufficient nitrogenous fertilizer, heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, the principle of potassium application not, N: P: K is 1.0: 0.8: 0.0 heavy salinizedly;
Rhizosphere fertilization: N fertilizer and K nutriment in a fertilizer apply for twice, and half applies in sowing previous crops base manure, and second half imposes in initial bloom stage; P fertilizer all applies as base manure; Open the zanjon of degree of depth 15cm before the sowing,, rake behind the earthing N, P and K row application, sowing in the above, epiphragma then, that part of fertilizer executed of base is covered under film by concentrated like this; That part of fertilizer that imposes is in the initial bloom stage rupture of membranes, row replacement in the ranks, degree of depth 15cm; Base manure is concentrated and is imposed under the mulch film;
The preparation of foliage fertilizer and using: get the potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g of the urea 500g of N content 46% and P content 22%, K content 28%, add the 2L clear water, fully stir, be made into the mother liquor that contains urea 25% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5%; With mother liquor with 5 times of clear water dilutions after, adopt the spray sheet of aperture 1.2mm to spray to cotton leaf.
Aforementioned rhizosphere fertilization consumption: slight saline land adopts single reference consumption of planting fertilizer to be: the urea 30kg/ mu of N content 46%, P
2O
5The superphosphate 70kg/ mu of content 12%, K
2The potassium sulphate 24kg/ mu of O content 50%; The moderate saline land adopts single reference consumption of planting fertilizer to be: the urea 25kg/ mu of N content 46%, P
2O
5The superphosphate 68kg/ mu of content 12%, K
2The potassium sulphate 16kg/ mu of O content 50%; Adopt single reference consumption of planting fertilizer to be: the urea 20kg/ mu of N content 46%, P heavy salinizedly
2O
5The superphosphate 62kg/ mu of content 12%.
Aforementioned foliar application sprays: generally from 10-15 day in August, every 7-10 days once, spray 3-4 time each solution amount 40kg/ mu continuously according to cotton growing way appearance; Each spray leaf fertilizer should select not have the weather of rain, no strong wind, operates after at 17 o'clock in afternoon; Spraying method is prior to the upwards spray of leaf back below, and then in the spray downwards of top, leaf front.
That this economic fertilization method is fit to is slight, the cotton of moderate and the plantation of severe beach salty soil, and corresponding lint yield level (target) is respectively 100-120kg/ mu, 80-100kg/ mu and 60-80kg/ mu.If yield level or target improve, the then corresponding increase of the used in amounts of fertilizer.In the concrete utilization process, should note following five problems: the one, at the beach salty soil plant cotton, chemical fertilizer can not substitute fertilizer fully, and this fertilizing method and application of organic fertilizers be contradiction not only, and cooperate the effect of mutually promoting in addition, therefore advocating every mu of ground executes about 2 tons of farmyard manures; The 2nd, at the general reality on the low side of the marine solonchak content of organic matter, not only advocate and execute the histosol miscellaneous fertilizers more, also to advocate cotton stalk and pulverize also field, back, this also is the supplementary measures of this economic fertilization method; The 3rd, when single fertilizer is difficult for buying, can use the close composite fertilizer of element ratio, when particularly using as base manure, composite fertilizer is more convenient; The 4th, this fertilizing method has been stipulated the proportioning and the consumption of N, P, three kinds of fertilizer of K, does not mean that the beach salty soil plant cotton only need also need according to circumstances take the circumstances into consideration to use trace element fertilizer with these three kinds of fertilizer; The 5th, the foliage fertilizer that sprays high concentration should be advocated preparation mother liquor earlier, fully dilutes after the dissolving again and uses, and will spray after at 17 o'clock in the afternoon of no strong wind, in order to avoid the blade of burning.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
For good effect of the present invention and relative theory are described, below according to our series of studies and measurement result for many years, and the comparing result of the present invention and traditional planting technology is further set forth the principle and the utilization effect of this invention.
The relation of beach salty soil cotton field salt content and soil fertility: in November, 2003 is at Dongying District, Kenli County, Lijin County, Guangrao County, the Hekou District of Dongying City, Shouguang City of Weifang City, Changyi City, each selects 100 cotton fields at random the saline soil district of the Wudi County of Accessories during Binzhou, Zhanhua County, Boxing County, totally 1000 cotton fields, every cotton field is by 5 samplings, measurement result (table 1) shows the salt marsh cotton field in this district based on slight and moderate, and severe salt marsh cotton field proportion is less.Severe solonchak cotton field has the feature of " organic few, nitrogen stress, poor phosphorus, rich potassium ", and moderate solonchak cotton field nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium all lack, and slight solonchak cotton field lacks phosphorus and potassium.As seen, the soil fertility in dissimilar cotton fields differs greatly, and fertilizer type of using and consumption also will adapt to this species diversity and variation.
Beach salty soil cotton growth characteristics: with the nonsaline soil (CK) (saliferous 0.078%) of taking from Jinan and the potted plant cotton of solonchak (saliferous 0.366%) of taking from salt marsh cotton field, strand, Dongying City Dongying District wife's parents' home village, plant height, leaf area and the dry matter of finding solonchak cultivation cotton all are lower than contrast, illustrate that salinity significantly suppresses growing of cotton.What pay particular attention to is that the root/shoot ratio of cotton under the salt marsh condition reduces, and illustrates that salinity is far longer than influence to top to the influence of root system, and root system development is bad to be the major reason (table 2) of the easy early ageing of alkaline land cotton.
Malonaldehyde (MDA) content is all to handle 3 the highest (tables 2), contrast (CK) is minimum, except that wadding phase beginning handle 2 with contrast and handle seedling stage 3 with handle 2 differences significantly, handle differences other period and all reach significance level, illustrating that the cell membrane damage degree is coerced with nutrient dificiency with soil salt increases the weight of.Too high and the nutrient dificiency of soil salt all significantly suppresses the photosynthesis of cotton, and stem leaf photosynthesis speed shows as solonchak＜nonsaline soil (CK).
Beach salty soil Insect Resistant Cotton nutrient demand characteristics: the ratio that dissimilar salt marsh cotton field cottons absorb N, P, K nutrient is different with quantity, slight saline soil cotton needs the ratio of K higher, and in, severe saline soil cotton absorbs the ratio higher (table 3) of P.Little in the needed P difference of 100 kilograms of gined cottons of the every production in three class cotton fields, but the amount of N that needs and K is the highest with slight saline soil, and the severe saline soil is minimum.
According to the nutrient content in different saline soil cotton field and cotton to the nutrient demand characteristics, particularly consider heavy salinized ground K content height, and the absorption of salinity appreciable impact N and P, determine that slight saline soil, moderate saline soil and severe saline soil plant cotton and need use the ratio of N: P: K and be respectively 1.0: 0.7: 0.7 and 1.0: 0.8: 0.0 1.0: 0.6: 0.9.Slightly, the concrete consumption of moderate and severe saline soil N, P, K roughly is respectively every mu of 14kg, 8kg, 12kg, 11.5kg, 8kg, 8kg and 10kg, 8kg, 0kg.
Non-saline land multiple spot sprays the effect of increasing production of foliage fertilizer: be the effect of increasing production of checking high concentration foliage fertilizer, in 2004 in the Linqing, Xiajin and Guan County select cotton field, 20,20 and 10 non-saline lands (varieties of plant grinds No. 28 for existing commercially available Shandong cotton or the Shandong cotton is ground No. 21) to test respectively.Discovery sprays the urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of traditional low concentration, in 50 cotton fields for test, has only 8 volume increase, shows no increases in output for 41, and totally seeing does not have tangible effect of increasing production; And spray the urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of higher concentration, and 35 cotton fields volume increase are arranged, on average increase production 6.2%, overall effect of increasing production is (table 4) obviously.Discovery is further observed in the land for growing field crops, foliage fertilizer use effective early ageing of alleviating cotton.Confirm, under 6% concentration, do not have fertilizer damage to take place simultaneously as long as use properly.
The reason that spray leaf fertilizer fertilizer can increase production is that the foliage fertilizer of higher concentration has effectively delayed leaf senile.The later stage stem is fallen the measurement result of 2 leaves to be shown, the every physical signs of stem leaf and the clear water contrast difference of foliage fertilizer (1.2%) that sprays low concentration is little, but after spraying 6% foliage fertilizer, the chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic rate of 2 leaves are significantly higher than contrast, and mda content significantly is lower than contrast, illustrates that the later stage sprays the high concentration foliage fertilizer continuously to the effect that delays senility very obviously (table 4)
Cotton economic fertilizing method has carried out fertilizer test at the effect of beach saline land: 2006-2007 in the cotton field of the different saline and alkaline degree of 3 classes of Dongying City Dongying District, Kenli County, Wudi County and Changyi City, to yield result, joint fertilizer efficiency fruit with plant cotton benefit statistics and show (table 5), economic fertilizing method is roughly the same at the fertilizer amount of slight saline land and traditional fertilization method, significantly do not save the fertilizer efficiency fruit, but volume increase reaches 11.9%, and mu increases benefit 165 yuan; The moderate saline land is used and both to have been increased production through economic fertilizing method that also joint is fertile, though and heavy salinized ground increases production limitedly, joint fertilizer efficiency fruit is obviously.Economic fertilizing method all has the effect of planting cotton benefit that significantly improves in all kinds of cotton fields.
Compare with traditional fertilizing method, the present invention mainly contains the breakthrough of three aspects: the one, according to the saline and alkaline degree in different saline lands and the yield level fertilizer of planning strategies for respectively, formulated the consumption and the proportioning of fertilizer, had more specific aim than traditional fertilization technology, more economical effective; The 2nd, base concentrated to fertilize execute under film, under the protection of mulch film, both reduced fertilizer loss, also improved utilization rate of fertilizer; The 3rd, rhizosphere fertilization and spray leaf fertilizer combine, and particularly the concentration of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed aqueous solution are brought up to 6% and spray, and have effectively alleviated the problem of saline land Insect Resistant Cotton early ageing.
China's saline land aboundresources, only just there are more than 1,200 ten thousand mu of beach saline land areas the Shandong Province, has now planted about 4,500,000 mu of cotton saline land, lies waste and should also have 8,000,000 mu by cotton saline-alkali wasteland area.Use this fertilizer practice generally to increase production more than 10% than conventional art or saving fertilizer 10～30%, the effect of volume increase or synergy is obvious.
This law mainly is to formulate at the fertility characteristics of beach saline land and cotton growth development characteristics, is fit to the cotton of various places beach saline land plantation, but is not suitable for the cotton of landlocked saline land plantation, also is not suitable for the cotton of non-saline land plantation.
The fertility and the yield level in table 1, different salt content salt marsh cotton field
* select the measurement result in 1000 cotton fields in November, 2003 at random in Dongying District, Kenli County, Li Fengxian, Guangrao County, Hekou District, Shouguang City, Changyi City, Wudi County, Zhanhua County, Boxing County.Salt content is that electrical conductivity method is measured.
Table 2 salt marsh is to the influence of cotton growth, physiology shape and root/shoot ratio
Annotate: in the same index with different letter representation significant differences (p＜0.05) behind the column of figure.
Cotton plant N, the P in the dissimilar cotton fields of table 3, K Nutrient Absorption ratio and absorption demand
Table 4, high concentration foliage fertilizer are at the application effect in cotton field, non-saline land
* contain urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and be respectively 1% and 0.2%; * contains urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and is respectively 5% and 1%. increases and decreases and produces and be meant and surpass more than 5% with contrast difference.The measurement result of the beginning of September at the bottom of August.
Table 5, economic fertilizing method are at the volume increase and the joint fertilizer efficiency fruit * of beach saline land
* test kind for the Shandong cotton grind 18 and the Shandong cotton grind 21. with the contrast volume variance be no more than 5% for showing no increases in output, equal and surpass 5% be to increase production or the underproduction.Gined cotton and cotton seed price are respectively by kilogram 12 yuan and 1.5 yuan of calculating.The NPK chemical fertilizer is pressed actual price and is calculated.
(4), embodiment
This cotton economic fertilization method scope of application is wider, can be fit to slight, moderate and cotton field, three types of saline lands of severe.
Overall plan:
This kind is in the economic fertilization method of beach saline land plant cotton, and based on rhizosphere fertilization, rhizosphere fertilizer and high concentration foliage fertilizer spray and combine; Base manure and topdressing is laid equal stress on, according to saline and alkaline degree and the yield level fertilizer of planning strategies for; Film is concentrated fertilising down;
According to the salt marsh degree in cotton field classification fertilising: slight saline land according to light nitrogen fertilizer application, mend the principle of executing phosphate fertilizer, enriching potash fertilizer, N: P: the ratio of K consumption is 1.0: 0.6: 0.9; The moderate saline land is according to the principle that uses sufficient nitrogenous fertilizer, heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, suitable potassium application, and N: P: the ratio of K consumption is 1.0: 0.7: 0.7; According to enriching nitrogenous fertilizer, heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, the principle of potassium application not, N: P: K is 1.0: 0.8: 0.0 heavy salinizedly;
Rhizosphere fertilization: N fertilizer and K nutriment in a fertilizer apply for twice, and half applies in sowing previous crops base manure, and second half imposes in initial bloom stage; P fertilizer all applies as base manure; Open the zanjon of degree of depth 15cm before the sowing,, rake behind the earthing N, P and K row application, sowing in the above, epiphragma then, that part of fertilizer executed of base is covered under film by concentrated like this; That part of fertilizer that imposes is in the initial bloom stage rupture of membranes, row replacement in the ranks, degree of depth 15cm; Base manure is concentrated and is imposed under the mulch film;
The preparation of foliage fertilizer and using: get the potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g of the urea 500g of N content 46% and P content 22%, K content 28%, add the 2L clear water, fully stir, be made into the mother liquor that contains urea 25% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5%; With mother liquor with 5 times of clear water dilutions after, adopt the spray sheet of aperture 1.2mm to spray in cotton leaf.
Aforementioned rhizosphere fertilization consumption: slight saline land adopts single reference consumption of planting fertilizer to be: the urea 30kg/ mu of N content 46%, P
2O
5The superphosphate 70kg/ mu of content 12%, K
2The potassium sulphate 24kg/ mu of O content 50%; The moderate saline land adopts single reference consumption of planting fertilizer to be: the urea 25kg/ mu of N content 46%, P
2O
5The superphosphate 68kg/ mu of content 12%, K
2The potassium sulphate 16kg/ mu of O content 50%; Adopt single reference consumption of planting fertilizer to be: the urea 20kg/ mu of N content 46%, P heavy salinizedly
2O
5The superphosphate 62kg/ mu of content 12%.
Aforementioned foliar application sprays: generally from 10-15 day in August, every 7-10 days once, spray 3-4 time each solution amount 40kg/ mu continuously according to cotton growing way appearance; Each spray leaf fertilizer should select not have the weather of rain, no strong wind, operates after at 17 o'clock in afternoon; Spraying method is prior to the upwards spray of leaf back below, and then in the spray downwards of top, leaf front.
The concrete application:
1, the application on slight cotton field, saline land: cotton field, 17 mu of slight saline lands, the one another arena application on the Guang Bei farm in 2006, soil salt content 0.181%, organic matter 1.09%, alkaline hydrolysis N content 36.6mg kg
-1, effective P content 17.5mg kg
-1, effective K content 109mg kg
-1Poured water March 5, April 5 ploughed, and kind is ground No. 28 for the Shandong cotton, sowing on April 20, plastic mulching.Wherein, 5 mu are still adopted traditional fertilization, and average gined cotton per mu yield is 97.9kg; 12 mu are adopted economic fertilizing method, and average gined cotton per mu yield is 110.3kg, volume increase 12.7%.
2, the application on cotton field, moderate saline land: used soil salt content 0.313%, organic 0.82%, alkaline hydrolysis N content 29.1mg kg in 2006 in cotton field, 23 mu of moderate saline lands, Yang Zhuan village, the Yang Zhuan of Shouguang City township
-1, effective P content 15.1mgkg
-1, effective K content 116mg kg
-1Irritated fresh water pressure salt March 3, April 8 ploughed, and kind is ground No. 21 for the Shandong cotton, sowing on April 23, plastic mulching.Wherein, 5 mu are still adopted traditional fertilization, and average gined cotton per mu yield is 80.5kg; 18 mu are adopted economic fertilizing method, and average gined cotton per mu yield is 89.6kg, volume increase 11.3%.
3, use in cotton field, heavy salinized ground: used soil salt content 0.489%, organic 0.65%, alkaline hydrolysis N content 13.8mg kg in 2007 in cotton field, 26 mu of heavy salinized ground, Dongying District Niuzhuang Zhen wife's parents' home village
-1, effective P content 6.5mg kg
-1, effective K content 178mg kg
-1Irritated fresh water pressure salt March 1, April 15 ploughed, and kind is ground No. 18 for the Shandong cotton, sowing on April 28, plastic mulching.Wherein, 10 mu are still adopted traditional fertilization, and average gined cotton per mu yield is 61.9kg; 16 mu are adopted economic fertilizing method, and average gined cotton per mu yield is 68.1kg, volume increase 10.0%.
Claims (3)
1. coastal saline soil cotton economic fertilizing method is characterized in that:
Based on rhizosphere fertilization, rhizosphere fertilization and high concentration foliage fertilizer spray and combine; Base manure and topdressing is laid equal stress on, according to saline and alkaline degree and the yield level fertilizer of planning strategies for; Film is concentrated fertilising down;
According to the salt marsh degree in cotton field classification fertilising: slight saline land is according to using sufficient nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, the principle of heavy dressing potash fertilizer, and N: P: the ratio of K consumption is 1.0: 0.6: 0.9; The moderate saline land is according to using sufficient nitrogen potash fertilizer, the principle of heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, and N: P: the ratio of K consumption is 1.0: 0.7: 0.7; According to using sufficient nitrogenous fertilizer, heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, the principle of potassium application not, N: P: K is 1.0: 0.8: 0.0 heavy salinizedly;
Rhizosphere fertilization: N fertilizer and K nutriment in a fertilizer apply for twice, and half applies in sowing previous crops base manure, and second half imposes in initial bloom stage; P fertilizer all applies as base manure; Open the zanjon of degree of depth 15cm before the sowing,, rake behind the earthing N, P and K row application, sowing in the above, epiphragma then, that part of fertilizer executed of base is covered under film by concentrated like this; That part of fertilizer that imposes is in the initial bloom stage rupture of membranes, row replacement in the ranks, degree of depth 15cm;
The preparation of foliage fertilizer and using: get N content and be 46% urea 500g and P content and be 22%, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g of K content 28%, add the 2L clear water, fully stir, be made into the mother liquor that contains urea 25% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5%; With mother liquor with 5 times of clear water dilutions after, adopt the spray sheet of aperture 1.2mm to spray to cotton leaf.
2. coastal saline soil cotton economic fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: rhizosphere fertilization is that slight saline land adopts single reference consumption of planting fertilizer to be: N content is 46% urea 30kg/ mu with reference to consumption; P
2O
5Content is 12% superphosphate 70kg/ mu; K
2O content is 50% potassium sulphate 24kg/ mu; The moderate saline land adopts single reference consumption of planting fertilizer to be: N content is 46% urea 25kg/ mu, P
2O
5Content is 12% superphosphate 68kg/ mu, K
2O content is 50% potassium sulphate 16kg/ mu; Adopt single reference consumption of planting fertilizer to be: N content is 46% urea 20kg/ mu, P heavy salinizedly
2O
5Content is 12% superphosphate 62kg/ mu.
3. coastal saline soil cotton economic fertilizing method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: foliar application, every 7-10 days once, sprays 3-4 time generally from 10-15 day in August continuously according to cotton growing way appearance, each solution amount 40kg/ mu; Each spray leaf fertilizer should select not have the weather of rain, no strong wind, operates after at 17 o'clock in afternoon; Spraying method should make shower nozzle spray leaf back up earlier, and then sprays the leaf front down.
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| CN102246630A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2011-11-23 | 中国农业大学 | Phosphorus fertilizer application method for improving salt and alkali resistance of cotton in seedling stage |
| CN102550192A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-11 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Method for applying fertilizers to cotton in severe saline-alkali land |
| CN104402651B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-06-09 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land soil repair agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109287392A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The fertilizing method of slight alkaline land kind herbivore certain herbaceous plants with big flowers |
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| CN111296201B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2023-04-07 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Method for field identification and evaluation of late frost freezing resistance of wheat |
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| CN112931128B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-09-01 | 新疆标谱检测工程技术有限公司 | Cultivation method of drip irrigation film-covered cotton |
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