Automatically repair nanometer renovation agent of mechanical friction pair abrasion surface and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of is carrier is repaired mechanical friction pair abrasion surface automatically under the state that equipment operation does not disintegrate nanometer renovation agent with lubricating oil, and the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer renovation agent.
Background technology
At present, nano material is widely used in every field, as mechanical field, utilizes nano material to optimize the metallic surface performance, improves the abrasion resistance of metallic surface, reduces frictional coefficient, improves mechanical use properties, the work-ing life of prolonged mechanical equipment.
Foreign patent: between friction pair, form the protective layer that attracts each other to reduce friction with positron-electron.The binding ability of its characteristics and body is poor, could form protective layer when mechanical means turns round; With the product of the main component of hydrocarbon polymer is the heat energy that produces when the machine operation, and the protective layer that utilizes the mode of " hot activation " to form between friction pair reduces abrasion.There is following problem in above patented product: (1) under the trapped fuel medium, its frictional coefficient all is not less than 0.003, and under DRY SLIDING greater than 0.003, even lose the effect that should have; (2) high thermal resistance is poor, is difficult to break through 900 ℃ of limit; (3) can't satisfy in ocean environment and the strong acid-base medium and work, especially form tangible interfacial layer or oil film at surface of friction pair after the modification, the slightly degree of making of material surface is difficult to above 14 grades; (4) on the repairing effect to the wearing and tearing surface of a wound, can not keep size for a long time, only the wearing surface in the following degree of depth of several nanometers be had repair.
The patent of invention of Chinese patent 200410099286X " lubricating oil additive and preparation method thereof " discloses a kind of main interpolation SiO
2Lubricating oil.Because the simple nanometer SiO that adds
2Effective nanometer film can be formed, only the concentrated wear surface can be repaired.
Chinese patent 200510131184.6 " inorganic composite nano intelligent repair agent and preparation method thereof " discloses MgO, SiO
2AL
2O
3The nano inorganic material that is composited, because the proportion of MgO in prescription wherein is excessive, the surface hardness of the friction pair after influence is repaired.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, provide a kind of stability good, do not reunite, under the state that equipment operation does not disintegrate, can repair the nanometer renovation agent of mechanical friction pair abrasion surface automatically.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer renovation agent.
The nanometer renovation agent of automatic reparation mechanical friction pair abrasion surface of the present invention, its special feature is: the nano-powder that contains wt0.1~5%, matrix is lubricating oil, and described nano-powder is the sheet kaolinite of particle diameter 20~200nm, and described kaolinite contains wt45.2~47.2%SiO
2, wt37.6~39.2 AL
2O
3, and the Fe of wt15.2~15.6%
2O
3And TiO
2
The nanometer renovation agent of the invention described above preferably, contains the nano-powder of wt1~4%, and the particle diameter of nano-powder is 50~100nm.
The preparation method of the nanometer renovation agent of the invention described above adopts following steps: take by weighing nano-powder, be ground into the fine powder of 5-50 micron with the standard machinery machine; Fine powder is joined in the lubricating oil, mix, adding has in hyperacoustic ultrasonic grinding machine, carries out ultrasonication, makes nanometer renovation agent of the present invention.
The preparation method of the invention described above, preferred, have water-chilling plant in the described ultrasonic grinding machine, described frequency of ultrasonic is 20KHz~50KHz.
The nanometer renovation agent of automatic reparation mechanical friction pair abrasion surface of the present invention possesses the characteristic of the distinctive interface of nanometer and surface effects and small-size effect.Kaolinic granularity is thin more, and degree of scatter is big more, and specific surface area is also big; Easy combination of the kaolinite of sheet structure and slip are than the bigger plasticity-of having of other structural shapes; Therefore the nanometer kaolinite forms nanometer film easily under the frictional force effect in mechanical movement; One of kaolinite principal character is high temperature resistant, and its sign is material opposing high temperature action and remollescent character not, with AL
2O
3/ SiO
2Relevant.Friction pair makes nanometer kaolinite sintering at surface of friction pair at the microcell high temperature that motion produces, and forms the nano ceramics film that contains micropore, increases the oleaginousness of surface of friction pair.
The nanometer kaolinite is that carrier function is in the mechanized equipment surface of friction pair with lubricating oil.Be scattered in each friction pair contact layer with lubricating oil, under certain temperature, pressure, frictional force effect, surface of friction pair produces violent friction and moulding distortion, nano particle will deposit film forming at friction surface, and with the friction surface effect, when friction surface temperature height arrives certain value, the nano particle strength degradation strengthens lubricated microscopic particles with surface friction and produces eutectic, infiltration, " welding ", fills up surface microscopic cheuch, reparation surface of friction pair.Have superpower hardness, high smooth finish and super attrition resistant selfreparing film in surface of friction pair formation, and reach best running fit tolerance.This moment, effect minimizing, the frictional coefficient of frictional force reduced, and the nanometer repair process is finished.And the nano particle in the lubricating oil is constantly being sought new friction defective, and at the friction surface of ultra-smooth, realize rolling resistance, the effect of the power of reducing friction more reduces frictional coefficient, thereby forms the liquid or solid-state selfreparing film that one deck has the antifriction antiwear effect.
The mechanism of action:
(1) the deposited film mechanism of action: the nanoparticle in the friction process in the oil phase is moved to surface of friction pair by two kinds of factor effect meetings, the one, because of can causing intensity, fricative microcell high temperature is higher than the molecule fluctuation of body phase, the fluctuation of enhanced molecule helps the non-directional migration, and the non-directional migration has increased the chance of nanoparticle to the surface of friction pair migration; The 2nd, because of friction pair produces exoelectron etc. the interface electromagnetic field of surface of friction pair is strengthened, the interface electric field of strengthening can produce the magnetic field of reinforcement, the existence of the faint electromagnetic field in surface is adsorbed with the micromolecular nanoparticle of strong polarity to the surface, can increase its chance in the surface of friction pair enrichment undoubtedly; The 3rd, be in the oil-bound film viscosity that the nanoparticle on the nearly surface of friction pair makes the surface contain nanoparticle and increase, thereby significantly reduced the possibility of it and body phase medium generation exchange of substance.Nanoparticle in the oil-bound film is under repeated friction in this case, be anchored in its surperficial super dispersion stabilizer and small amount of polar small molecules and can produce desorption, thereby the compactness extent and the thickness of the space bit resistance layer of nanoparticle surface are reduced, this has increased particle undoubtedly and has gathered, and and then is deposited on the chance of surface of friction pair.
(2) repair mechanism: if the surface micro-pit size is the same with nanoparticle also at nano level, deposit or be adsorbed on the nanoparticle in little hole so, or the nanoparticle that is brought into the little hole of nano level in friction process just might be embedded in little hole under the carrying condition, thereby realizes the reparation in the little hole of nano level.For shaggy friction pair, the reparation of nanoparticle is less to tribological property improvement effect, because friction pair contact surface when carrying only accounts for the very little part of whole surface of friction pair, thereby to the contributive reparation of only having only contact surface of tribological property, its repair mechanisms synoptic diagram as Figure 1-1.Above analysis revealed: 1. surface of friction pair is smooth more smooth, and contact surface is big more during carrying, and the reparation of nanoparticle is big more to improving the tribological property contribution; 2. under the prerequisite that guarantees nanoparticle dispersiveness and dispersion stabilization, the nanoparticle with certain grain size distribution helps filling the little hole of the nano level that varies in size, and realizes condition reparation greatly.
(3) the smooth or super-smooth surface rolling resistance mechanism of action: after the deposited film mechanism of action, oil-bound film enhanced mechanism, repair mechanism, the surface optimization mechanism of action are finished, R particularly
MaxDuring<nano particle diameter, the nano spherical particle of lubricating oil camber disperse is realized the rolling resistance of surface of friction pair in certain load range, and its action model is shown in 1-2 figure.When the preparation nanoparticle, the control nanometer particle size could be realized smooth or the super-smooth surface rolling resistance.For big particle diameter particle, before the rolling resistance of being unrealized, can be excessive because of the stress that big particle diameter particle bears, be pressed into surface of friction pair; And too little that a part of particle of particle diameter also can not participate in rolling lubrication because of the antithesis of contact friction simultaneously.
Nanometer renovation agent of the present invention, stability is good, do not reunite, and mechanical friction pair abrasion surface is had stronger repairing effect, improves the surface hardness of friction pair, reduces frictional coefficient.
Adopt preparation method of the present invention, good crushing effect is not reunited, good stability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 nanometer renovation agent of the present invention is repaired the two-dimensional model of friction pair micropore
The rolling resistance action model of Fig. 2 nanometer renovation agent of the present invention super-smooth surface
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is made specific description.
Embodiment 1:
Take by weighing the sheet kaolinite of 5kg, described kaolinite contains wt46.5%SiO
2, wt38% AL
2O
3, and the Fe of wt15.5%
2O
3And TiO
2, be ground into 20 microns fine powder with the standard machinery machine; Above-mentioned fine powder is joined in the 500kg lubricating oil, mix, adding has in hyperacoustic ultrasonic grinding machine, carries out ultrasonication, makes nano intelligent repair agent of the present invention.It is the ultrasonic grinding machine among the embodiment 1 in 200310105421 that above-mentioned ultrasonic grinding machine adopts the patent No..Amount to 19 ultrasonic transmitters, vibrational frequency 35KHz, total power is 1500W.
Materials Academy material analysis laboratory measurement, data such as table 1 are learned by economic Nanjing University.
Table 1 granulometry is table as a result
Project name |
Minimum value |
Maximum value |
Mean value |
Standard variance |
Feature area (μ m
2)
|
0.000 |
0.010 |
0.005 |
0.005 |
Girth (μ m) |
0.210 |
2.510 |
0.405 |
0.812 |
0 degree direction particle diameter (μ m) |
0.020 |
0.110 |
0.041 |
0.036 |
90 degree direction particle diameters (μ m) |
0.0180 |
0.150 |
0.050 |
0.039 |
Embodiment 2:
Take by weighing the sheet kaolinite of 10kg, described kaolinite contains wt46.5%SiO
2, wt38% AL
2O
3, and the Fe of wt15.5%
2O
3And TiO
2, be ground into 10 microns fine powder with the standard machinery machine; Above-mentioned fine powder is joined in the 500kg lubricating oil, mix, adding has in hyperacoustic ultrasonic grinding machine, carries out ultrasonication, makes nano intelligent repair agent of the present invention.It is the ultrasonic grinding machine among the embodiment 1 in 200310105421 that above-mentioned ultrasonic grinding machine adopts the patent No..Amount to 19 ultrasonic transmitters, vibrational frequency 45KHz, total power is 1500W.
Materials Academy material analysis laboratory measurement, data such as table 2 are learned by economic Nanjing University.
Table 2 granulometry is table as a result
Project name |
Minimum value |
Maximum value |
Mean value |
Standard variance |
Feature area (μ m
2)
|
0.000 |
0.010 |
0.005 |
0.005 |
Girth (μ m) |
0.570 |
4.980 |
1.685 |
0.889 |
0 degree direction particle diameter (μ m) |
0.030 |
0.280 |
0.099 |
0.049 |
90 degree direction particle diameters (μ m) |
0.030 |
0.290 |
0.096 |
0.045 |
Embodiment 3:
Take by weighing the sheet kaolinite of 20kg, described kaolinite contains wt46.5%SiO
2, wt38% AL
2O
3, and the Fe of wt15.5%
2O
3And TiO
2, be ground into 30 microns fine powder with the standard machinery machine; Above-mentioned fine powder is joined in the 500kg lubricating oil, mix, adding has in hyperacoustic ultrasonic grinding machine, carries out ultrasonication, makes nano intelligent repair agent of the present invention.It is the ultrasonic grinding machine among the embodiment 1 in 200310105421 that above-mentioned ultrasonic grinding machine adopts the patent No..Amount to 19 ultrasonic transmitters, vibrational frequency 50KHz, total power is 1500W.
Materials Academy material analysis laboratory measurement, data such as table 3 are learned by economic Nanjing University.
Table 3 granulometry is table as a result
Project name |
Minimum value |
Maximum value |
Mean value |
Standard variance |
Feature area (μ m
2)
|
0.000 |
0.010 |
0.005 |
0.005 |
Girth (μ m) |
0.270 |
2.830 |
0.805 |
0.839 |
0 degree direction particle diameter (μ m) |
0.020 |
0.110 |
0.061 |
0.042 |
90 degree direction particle diameters (μ m) |
0.020 |
0.180 |
0.076 |
0.037 |
Test case 1:
Send the project of testing: the motorcycle cylinder body carries out nanometer protective layer Hv hardness test after the nanometer renovation agent of the embodiment of the invention is handled
The hardness test of motorcycle cylinder body: through Shandong University's college of materials science and engineering materialogy lab investigation.
Testing tool: Tianjin, island microhardness tester
Test operating mode: 10 seconds of Hv50g time
Test result:
Hv HRC
Embodiment 1:859 66.8
Embodiment 2:985 74.2
Embodiment 3:1043 76
Disintegration sample testing result without the processing of nanometer renovation agent:
Hv HRC
345 32.5
Test case 2:
Send the product of testing: the nanometer renovation agent of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Send the project of testing: wearing test.
Trier model: MM200 type wear testing machine, ultimate load 200kg.
Operating condition of test: adopt skimming wear, standard emery wheel rotating speed is 400 rev/mins, and oil dripping is 10 droplets/minute.
Process of the test and result are as follows:
The result is as follows:
Under the normal fuel injection state, according to the variation of load, the coefficient of friction of plain oil is 0.01~0.04, and coefficient of friction of the present invention is 0.002~0.003.
Behind the fuel cut-off 1/4 hour, according to the variation of load, the coefficient of friction of plain oil is 0.01~0.1, and coefficient of friction of the present invention is 0.002~0.01.
Test case 3:
Nanometer renovation agent with the embodiment of the invention 1 is an example, carries out the automobile power experiment.
1 vehicle dynamic quality experiment: to liberation CA1020 sample car, when 60km/h, the driving wheel output rating is 15.8kw during plain oil, is 19.9kw after using nanometer renovation agent of the present invention.
2. constant fuel consumption experiment: to liberation CA1020 sample car, when 50km/h, be 12.52L/100km during plain oil, be 8.87L/100km after using nanometer renovation agent of the present invention.
3. automobile smoke emission experiment: to liberation CA1020 sample car, the smoke intensity uptake factor is 2.81m during common lubricant
-1, be 2.01m after using nanometer renovation agent of the present invention
-1
Conclusion: according to detected result, for liberation CA 1020 sample cars, nanometer renovation agent of the present invention can improve vehicle dynamic quality, reduces fuel consumption, reduces automobile smoke emission amount.