CN101168299A - Biomass straw instant joint collection forming machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an instantaneous associating collecting shaping machine of biology straws which comprises a tractor, wherein the front portion of the tractor is provided with a collecting equipment and a straw disintegrating equipment which is connected with a dust cleaning equipment arranged above the back portion of the tractor via a pneumatic transport equipment I, the dust cleaning equipment is connected with a straw shaping mechanism arranged below the back portion of the tractor via a pneumatic transport equipment II, a power input equipment of the straw shaping equipment is connected with a power equipment of the tractor via a retarding equipment, an output equipment of the straw shaping mechanism is connected with a collector of shaped bars via a transport equipment of shaped bars. The invention employs a cyclic module-extrusion forming technique integrating with harvesting, collecting, disintegrating and shaping of straws, and depends on a motor car to provide power, and the working members of the invention are mainly corn straws which are still vertical in the field after corns are harvested and the like. The invention achieves the field instantaneous compressing and shaping of the straws, thereby reducing the space of transporting and storing and greatly decreasing the costs caused by the space of transporting and storing.

Description

Biomass straw instant joint collection forming machine

The invention relates to a biomass molding machine, in particular to a biomass straw instant combined collection molding machine.

Background technique

We know that at present, the global non-renewable energy is decreasing, especially in recent years, with the development of economy and the increase of population, the shortage of non-renewable energy has become more and more serious. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in our country. From the perspective of total energy, my country is the world's second largest energy producer and second largest energy consumer. So far, my country's main energy source is still coal. Although the total amount of coal in China is abundant, the per capita share is low, and coal mining and direct combustion will cause serious ecological and environmental pollution problems. According to relevant data, more than 70%-80% of SO ₂ , NOx, mercury, particulate , CO ₂ and so on are all caused by the direct combustion of coal. On the other hand, our country is short of oil. my country imported about 130 million tons of crude oil and its refined products in 2005, and it is estimated that it will import 250 million tons of oil in 2010, and its dependence on foreign countries will exceed 50%. my country's current situation requires us to find new alternative renewable energy sources. Biomass energy just meets this requirement.

At present, the demand for energy in my country, especially in rural areas, is increasing, and the large population in my country is not conducive to centralized energy supply. This requires us to adopt an energy supply method that adapts to the current situation in our country. my country's rural biomass resources are rich, and relevant data show that the amount of straw in rural areas is now 650 million tons per year, and will reach 726 million tons by 2010, equivalent to 500 million tons of standard coal ("Biomass Energy Modernization Theory and Application Technology" 2005 The first edition in 2010, edited by Wu Chuangzhi, Ma Longlong, etc.). However, my country's agricultural production mode is mainly based on family-based decentralized production, and straw is a loose material with low density, which makes the distribution of crop straw scattered and difficult to collect, and it is difficult to store, transport, and prevent fire. In view of the widespread use of coal and natural gas in recent years, farmers no longer use straw to directly burn the fields. On the one hand, this wastes resources, and more importantly, it causes serious pollution to the ambient atmosphere. Biomass straw also has the disadvantage of low combustion value. In this regard, we should adopt distributed utilization and develop new techniques and methods for on-site processing and on-site use of various biomass. Biomass solidification instant molding can solve the above problems well.

At present, the technology and equipment related to biomass solidification molding at home and abroad are basically mature, but they are all fixed production methods in factories. The biggest problem is the collection, storage, drying site, fire prevention and management of biomass straw. Moreover, the equipment generally has problems such as large scale, high investment and operating costs, high energy consumption, difficult maintenance and short service life. Therefore, the cost of fixed biomass solidification molding in the current plant is generally high. In view of the actual situation in our country, it is difficult to popularize the factory-style production method.

According to the different mechanism of biomass molding, the biomass molding machine can be divided into screw extrusion molding machine, rolling molding machine and extrusion molding machine. Screw extrusion is only used for machine-made carbon, roller compaction is used to produce pellet fuel, and extrusion molding is widely used to produce straw fuel blocks. Spiral extrusion and rolling forming require large investment, wear out parts quickly, and have low output rate.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a small-scale, low energy consumption, simple operation, high efficiency, convenient maintenance, long service life, wide range of raw materials, and integrates straw harvesting, collection, crushing and molding into one Biomass straw instant forming machine.

The object of the present invention is to adopt following technical scheme to realize: a kind of biomass stalks instant combined collection forming machine comprises tractor, and the front part of tractor is equipped with collecting device and straw crushing device, and straw crushing device is connected with the location by wind power conveying device 1 The dust removal device above the rear of the tractor is connected, and the dust removal device is connected to the straw forming mechanism under the rear of the tractor through the wind transmission device II. The power input device of the straw forming mechanism is connected to the power device of the tractor through the reduction device. It is connected with the forming bar collector through the forming bar conveying device.

The collection device is arranged on the front end of the straw crushing device through the fixed rod, and it includes a plurality of ridge splitters and harvesters arranged on the fixed rod. The knife is curved, and the harvester is connected with the power unit of the tractor through a worm.

The straw crushing device includes a collector, a sprocket mechanism and a crushing cutter, the collector is fixed on the front end of the tractor, the crushing cutter is located in the collector, the crushing cutter is coaxial with the sprocket mechanism, and the sprocket mechanism is connected to the power unit of the tractor. connect.

The straw forming mechanism includes a ring die, a main shaft, a support frame and pressure rollers, the main shaft is connected with the support frame, and the support frame is provided with pressure rollers, the support frame and the pressure rollers are located in the ring die, and the ring die is provided with die holes.

A chamfer with a size of 5-20 degrees is provided on the side of the die hole that first contacts with the pressure roller along the rotation direction of the pressure roller.

The invention adopts the ring die extrusion molding technology, integrates straw harvesting, collection, crushing and molding, relies on motor vehicles to provide power, and its working objects are mainly corn straws that are still upright in the field after harvesting corn. Realize instant compression molding of straw in the field. Thereby reducing the space for transportation and storage and greatly reducing the resulting costs. The present invention can be widely applied to instant forming of crops such as corn stalks and sorghum, and can be used for instant forming of agricultural and forestry wastes such as weeds and wheat straws after changing the inclination angle of harvesting teeth and the pitch of cutting teeth.

Technical characteristics of the present invention are as follows:

1) Instant forming, which greatly reduces the collection cost;

2) The collection, chopping and molding equipment are integrated, the equipment has a compact structure and low energy consumption;

3) Powered by tractors, reducing equipment costs; realizing mobile operations;

4) The width of the harvesting mechanism can be adjusted, which is suitable for collecting operations with different ridge widths;

5) The combustion performance of the formed biomass bar is greatly improved;

6). Easy to operate, safe and reliable to use.

Compared with the traditional factory-type molding technology, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The biomass straw molding technology adopted in the present invention greatly simplifies the traditional process; real-time joint collection and molding;

2. The present invention adopts equipment that integrates crushing, feeding and compression, which is greatly simplified compared with the original traditional dispersion equipment: transport vehicles, drying yards, dryers, pulverizers, compression molding machines, storage warehouses, etc.

3. The equipment has the advantages of small scale, low energy consumption, simple operation and high efficiency. The power source of the equipment is a combine harvester for harvesting crops, and the power requirement is about 50 horsepower, so the energy consumption is low. The working efficiency of the equipment is 1t/h, so the working efficiency is high. This equipment is an integrated equipment, according to the size of the temporary briquette storage box that comes with the equipment, it can automatically unload the forming bar at the ground every certain time, so the operation is simple.

4. Compared with the existing molding equipment methods, the biggest advantage of this equipment is that it can realize mobile instant molding. It is suitable for small and scattered operations, which makes it widely used and more marketable. Therefore, the device is suitable for commercial operation.

5. Compared with the traditional factory-type production equipment, this equipment saves the transportation vehicles, drying equipment, drying storage space, etc., which greatly reduces the cost and maintenance costs.

6. The equipment has strong adaptability to raw materials. It can adapt to the wide humidity range of crushed straw, and can adapt to the wide content range requirements of biomass impurities (such as soil, sand, etc.).

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the collecting device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a side partial schematic diagram of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the straw pulverizing device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the molding device of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the left side view of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the die hole of the molding device;

1. Collection device; 2. Straw crushing device; 3. Tractor; 4. Wind transmission device I; 5. Dust removal device; 6. Wind transmission device II; 7. Straw forming mechanism; Material conveying device; 10. Forming bar collector; 11. Ridge divider; 12. Harvester; 13. Collector; 14. Sprocket mechanism; 15. Crushing cutter; 16. Ring die; 17. Pressure roller; 18, connecting shaft; 19, die hole.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

In Fig. 1, a collecting device 1 and a straw crushing device 2 are installed on the front of the tractor 3, and the straw crushing device 2 is connected with the dust removal device 5 located above the rear of the tractor 3 through the wind power transmission device I4, and the dust removal device 5 passes through the wind power transmission device II6 It is connected with the straw forming mechanism 7 located under the rear part of the tractor 3, the power input device of the straw forming mechanism 7 is connected with the power device of the tractor 3 through the reduction gear 8, and the output device of the straw forming mechanism 7 is connected with the forming rod through the forming bar material transmission device The material collector 10 is connected.

The power source of the equipment is the diesel engine of the tractor 3 itself, and the power of all parts is directly or indirectly provided by the diesel engine. The diesel engine of this mechanical equipment is installed between the tractor 3 two rear wheels under the driver's seat.

As shown in Figures 1-7, the basic process of the equipment is as follows: when the machine is started, the ridge divider 11 will first collect the stalks to be harvested, and then the harvester 12 will cut them off. At this time, the stalks will fall into the collector 13, Then the crushing cutter 15 driven by the shaft where the sprocket mechanism 14 is located crushes the stalks, and then falls into the wind conveying device I4, and the straw is transported to the dust removal device 5 by the fan for dust removal, and the dust is discharged after the dust removal device 5 removes dust. And finally, the crushed straw is sent into the straw forming mechanism 7 through the wind power transmission device II6. Due to the relative rotation of the ring die 16 and the pressure roller 17, the crushed straw material is extruded from the die hole 17, and the extruded molding The bar is delivered to the forming bar collector 10 through the forming bar conveying device 9 . The formed biomass briquettes are temporarily stored in the lower half of the forming bar collector 10, and when the hopper is full, the equipment is moved to the ground and the forming bar collector 10 is tilted at a certain angle for discharging.

The wind power transmission device II6 is mainly composed of a fan installed at the rear of the tractor 3 and an additional transmission pipeline. The fluid is forcibly sent into the transmission pipe by the suction of the fan and transferred in space.

The dedusting device 5 carries out the dedusting operation through the principle of rotation and stratification of heavier biomass particles and lighter impurities in the deduster. The layered dust is naturally discharged from the upper part of the dust removal device, and the biomass particles fall into the conveying pipe of the wind conveying device II6 under the action of gravity.

In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the collection device 1 is arranged on the front end of the straw crushing device 2 through a fixed rod, and the collection device 1 is composed of a ridge divider 11 and a harvester 12, and the harvester 12 is located in the interval at the bottom of a plurality of ridge dividers 11 , the cutting knife of harvester 12 is curved, and harvester 12 is connected with the power unit of tractor by worm. The ridge divider 11 extends into the middle of the straw growing in the field through the downward-sloping A-shaped tip at the front end. The straw is squeezed and divided into multiple bundles, and moves toward the harvester 12 along the gap between the two A-shaped to complete the forced ridge splitting. Operation; the power source of the harvester comes from the power shaft of the tractor power shaft through the worm gear and worm. Since the equipment is in the forward running state during the harvesting operation, the harvested corn stalks are automatically poured into the collector 13 due to inertial force.

The axial distance between the ridge divider 11 and the harvester 12 can be adjusted, and after the adjustment is completed, it is clamped and locked to prevent axial movement, so it is suitable for operations in fields with different natural ridge widths.

Among Fig. 4, collector 13 is fixed on tractor 3 front ends, and pulverizing cutter 15 is positioned at collector 13, and pulverizing cutter 15 is coaxial with sprocket mechanism 14, and sprocket mechanism 14 is connected with tractor 3 power units, thereby can tractor The rotary motion transmitted by the power device is transformed into the rotary motion of the pulverizing cutter 15 along the horizontal axis via the sprocket mechanism 14 . The crushing cutter 15 rotates at a high speed, and the spiral cutters distributed along the circumference of the crushing device will automatically pour into the corn stalk bundles of the crushing device to carry out the crushing work before forming. The crushed straw particles enter the wind conveyor I4.

The crushing granularity of different crops can be controlled by adjusting the pitch of the cutting teeth of the crushing cutter 15 .

Among Fig. 5-Fig. 7, straw forming mechanism 7 comprises ring die 16, main shaft 18, support frame and pressure roller 17, and main shaft 18 is connected with support frame, and support frame is provided with pressure roller 17, and support frame and pressure roller 17 are positioned at ring. In the mold 16, the ring mold 16 is provided with a mold hole 19.

The working principle of the forming device is as follows: the power transmitted from the rear axle of the tractor 3 drives the main shaft 18 of the briquette forming machine to rotate through the reduction device 8, and the main shaft 18 drives the pressure roller 17 fixed on the support frame to rotate, so that the wind transmission device II6 The stalk granules conveyed enter the ring die 16 and the relative rotation of the pressure roller 17 is forced into the forming die hole 19 for molding and extrusion, and finally compressed into blocks through the die hole 19. After the forming bar reaches a length equivalent to the width of the ring die 16, it will break automatically due to the inertial force and the physical compression characteristics of the biomass straw.

The bar after compression molding falls to the outer bottom of the ring die 16 due to the extrusion force of the pressure roller and the effect of gravity, and automatically falls into the forming bar collector 10 through the conveying device 9 . The forming bar collector 10 is a container that can rotate around the bottom axis, which is convenient for tilting and unloading when the forming bar collector 10 is full.

In Fig. 7, the present invention has improved the die hole 19 of biomass briquette forming, and made a chamfer with a size of 5 to 20 degrees along the direction of rotation of the pressure roller, which is in contact with the pressure roller, so as to facilitate the pulverization of biomass The material enters the die hole 19, which is convenient for molding.

Claims (5)

1. biomass straw instantaneous combination collection forming machine, comprise tractor, it is characterized in that: the front portion of tractor is equipped with gathering-device and straw millstone, straw millstone is connected with the dust arrester that is positioned at top, tractor rear portion by wind-force conveyer I, dust arrester by wind-force conveyer II be positioned at tractor lower rear stalk forming mechanism and be connected, the power input device of stalk forming mechanism is connected with the power set of tractor by deceleration device, and the output device of stalk forming mechanism is connected with moulding bar gatherer by moulding bar conveyer.

2. biomass straw instantaneous combination collection forming machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gathering-device is arranged at the front end of straw millstone by fixed bar, it comprises a plurality of minutes ridge devices and the harvester of being located on the fixed bar, harvester is positioned at the compartment of device bottom, a plurality of minutes ridges, the curved shape of the cutter of harvester, harvester is connected with the power set of tractor by worm screw.

3. biomass straw instantaneous combination collection forming machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described straw millstone comprises gatherer, chain-wheel mechanism and pulverizing cutting knife, gatherer is fixed in the tractor front end, pulverize cutting knife and be positioned at gatherer, it is coaxial with chain-wheel mechanism to pulverize cutting knife, and chain-wheel mechanism is connected with the tractor dynamic power device.

4. biomass straw instantaneous combination collection forming machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stalk forming mechanism comprises ring mould, main shaft, bracing frame and pressure roller, main shaft is connected with bracing frame, bracing frame is provided with pressure roller, bracing frame and pressure roller are positioned at the ring mould, and the ring mould is provided with nib.

5. biomass straw instantaneous combination collection forming machine according to claim 4 is characterized in that: one side described nib upper edge pressure roller rotation direction is 5～20 chamferings of spending with the size that is provided with that pressure roller contacts earlier.

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