CN101168299A - Biomass straw instant joint collection forming machine - Google Patents
Biomass straw instant joint collection forming machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及一种生物质成型机械,尤其是一种生物质秸秆即时联合收集成型机。The invention relates to a biomass molding machine, in particular to a biomass straw instant combined collection molding machine.
背景技术Background technique
我们知道,目前,全球不可再生能源不断减少,尤其是近几年来,随着经济的发展和人口的增加,不可再生能源紧缺现象越来越严重。这种现象在我国尤为突出。从能源总量来看,我国是世界第二大能源生产国和第二能源消费国。至今我国的主要能源仍然是煤炭。尽管我国煤炭总量丰富,但是人均占有率低,而且煤的开采和直接燃烧会引起严重的生态和环境污染问题,据有关资料显示,70%-80%以上的SO2、NOx、汞、颗粒物、CO2等都是由于煤炭直接燃烧所引起的。另一方面,我国石油短缺。我国2005年进口原油及其成品油约1.3亿吨,估计2010年将进口石油2.5亿吨,对外依存度将超过50%。我国现状要求我们必须寻找新的可替代的可再生能源。而生物质能源正好符合此要求。We know that at present, the global non-renewable energy is decreasing, especially in recent years, with the development of economy and the increase of population, the shortage of non-renewable energy has become more and more serious. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in our country. From the perspective of total energy, my country is the world's second largest energy producer and second largest energy consumer. So far, my country's main energy source is still coal. Although the total amount of coal in China is abundant, the per capita share is low, and coal mining and direct combustion will cause serious ecological and environmental pollution problems. According to relevant data, more than 70%-80% of SO 2 , NOx, mercury, particulate , CO 2 and so on are all caused by the direct combustion of coal. On the other hand, our country is short of oil. my country imported about 130 million tons of crude oil and its refined products in 2005, and it is estimated that it will import 250 million tons of oil in 2010, and its dependence on foreign countries will exceed 50%. my country's current situation requires us to find new alternative renewable energy sources. Biomass energy just meets this requirement.
目前,我国尤其是农村对能源的需求量越来越大,而我国人口众多分布广泛不利于集中供能,这就要求我们必须采取适应我国现状的能源供应方式。我国农村生物质资源丰富,相关数据表明,现在每年农村中的秸秆量为6.5亿吨,到2010年将达到7.26亿吨,相当于5亿吨标准煤(《生物质能现代化理用技术》2005年第一版,吴创之,马隆龙等主编)。但我国农业生产方式主要是以家庭为单位的分散作业生产,再加上秸秆是密度低的松散物,这就使得农作物秸秆分布零散不易收集,而且储存难、运输难、防火难。再针对近几年来煤炭,天然气的广泛使用,使得农民不再利用秸秆而采取田间地头直接燃烧的方式。这一方面浪费了资源,更重要的是对环境大气造成了严重的污染。生物质秸秆还有燃烧值低的缺点。对此我们应该采取分布式利用,发展各种生物质就地加工、就地使用的新工艺、新方法。生物质固化即时成型能够很好的解决上述问题。At present, the demand for energy in my country, especially in rural areas, is increasing, and the large population in my country is not conducive to centralized energy supply. This requires us to adopt an energy supply method that adapts to the current situation in our country. my country's rural biomass resources are rich, and relevant data show that the amount of straw in rural areas is now 650 million tons per year, and will reach 726 million tons by 2010, equivalent to 500 million tons of standard coal ("Biomass Energy Modernization Theory and Application Technology" 2005 The first edition in 2010, edited by Wu Chuangzhi, Ma Longlong, etc.). However, my country's agricultural production mode is mainly based on family-based decentralized production, and straw is a loose material with low density, which makes the distribution of crop straw scattered and difficult to collect, and it is difficult to store, transport, and prevent fire. In view of the widespread use of coal and natural gas in recent years, farmers no longer use straw to directly burn the fields. On the one hand, this wastes resources, and more importantly, it causes serious pollution to the ambient atmosphere. Biomass straw also has the disadvantage of low combustion value. In this regard, we should adopt distributed utilization and develop new techniques and methods for on-site processing and on-site use of various biomass. Biomass solidification instant molding can solve the above problems well.
目前,国内外有关生物质固化成型的技术设备已经基本成熟,但都是厂房固定式的生产方式。面临的最大难题是生物质秸秆的收集、贮存、晾晒场地、防火消防与管理等问题。而且设备普遍具有规模大、投入和运行成本高、耗能高、不易维护和使用寿命短等问题。因此,目前厂房固定式生物质固化成型的成本普遍很高。针对我国的实际情况,很难使厂房式生产方式得到普遍推广。At present, the technology and equipment related to biomass solidification molding at home and abroad are basically mature, but they are all fixed production methods in factories. The biggest problem is the collection, storage, drying site, fire prevention and management of biomass straw. Moreover, the equipment generally has problems such as large scale, high investment and operating costs, high energy consumption, difficult maintenance and short service life. Therefore, the cost of fixed biomass solidification molding in the current plant is generally high. In view of the actual situation in our country, it is difficult to popularize the factory-style production method.
根据生物质成型机理的不同可将生物质的成型机分为螺旋挤出成型机、碾压成型机和挤压成型机。螺旋挤出仅用于机制碳,碾压成型用于生产颗粒燃料,挤压成型广泛用于生产秸秆燃料块。螺旋挤出、碾压成型投资大,零件磨损快、产出率低。According to the different mechanism of biomass molding, the biomass molding machine can be divided into screw extrusion molding machine, rolling molding machine and extrusion molding machine. Screw extrusion is only used for machine-made carbon, roller compaction is used to produce pellet fuel, and extrusion molding is widely used to produce straw fuel blocks. Spiral extrusion and rolling forming require large investment, wear out parts quickly, and have low output rate.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种规模小、能耗低、操作简单、效率高、维护方便、寿命长、原料适应范围广、集秸秆收割、收集、粉碎、成型于一体的生物质秸秆即时成型机。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a small-scale, low energy consumption, simple operation, high efficiency, convenient maintenance, long service life, wide range of raw materials, and integrates straw harvesting, collection, crushing and molding into one Biomass straw instant forming machine.
本发明的目的是采用下述技术方案实现的:一种生物质秸秆即时联合收集成型机,包括拖拉机,拖拉机的前部安装有收集装置和秸秆粉碎装置,秸秆粉碎装置通过风力传送装置I与位于拖拉机后部上方的除尘装置连接,除尘装置通过风力传送装置II与位于拖拉机后部下方秸秆成型机构连接,秸秆成型机构的动力输入装置通过减速装置与拖拉机的动力装置连接,秸秆成型机构的输出装置通过成型棒料传送装置与成型棒料收集器连接。The object of the present invention is to adopt following technical scheme to realize: a kind of biomass stalks instant combined collection forming machine comprises tractor, and the front part of tractor is equipped with collecting device and straw crushing device, and straw crushing device is connected with the location by wind power conveying device 1 The dust removal device above the rear of the tractor is connected, and the dust removal device is connected to the straw forming mechanism under the rear of the tractor through the wind transmission device II. The power input device of the straw forming mechanism is connected to the power device of the tractor through the reduction device. It is connected with the forming bar collector through the forming bar conveying device.
所述的收集装置通过固定杆设置于秸秆粉碎装置的前端,其包括设于固定杆上的多个分垄器和收割器,收割器位于多个分垄器下部的间隔间,收割器的割刀呈曲线形,收割器通过蜗杆与拖拉机的动力装置连接。The collection device is arranged on the front end of the straw crushing device through the fixed rod, and it includes a plurality of ridge splitters and harvesters arranged on the fixed rod. The knife is curved, and the harvester is connected with the power unit of the tractor through a worm.
所述的秸秆粉碎装置包括收集器、链轮机构和粉碎切刀,收集器固定于拖拉机前端,粉碎切刀位于收集器内,粉碎切刀与链轮机构同轴,链轮机构与拖拉机动力装置连接。The straw crushing device includes a collector, a sprocket mechanism and a crushing cutter, the collector is fixed on the front end of the tractor, the crushing cutter is located in the collector, the crushing cutter is coaxial with the sprocket mechanism, and the sprocket mechanism is connected to the power unit of the tractor. connect.
所述的秸秆成型机构包括环模、主轴、支撑架和压辊,主轴与支撑架连接,支撑架上设置有压辊,支撑架和压辊位于环模内,环模上设有模孔。The straw forming mechanism includes a ring die, a main shaft, a support frame and pressure rollers, the main shaft is connected with the support frame, and the support frame is provided with pressure rollers, the support frame and the pressure rollers are located in the ring die, and the ring die is provided with die holes.
所述的模孔上沿压辊转动方向与压辊先接触的一边设有一个大小为5~20度的倒角。A chamfer with a size of 5-20 degrees is provided on the side of the die hole that first contacts with the pressure roller along the rotation direction of the pressure roller.
本发明采用的是环模挤压成型技术,集秸秆收割、收集、粉碎、成型于一体,依靠机动车提供动力,它的工作对象主要是收获玉米之后仍然直立在田间的玉米秸秆等。实现秸秆的田间即时压缩成型。从而减小了运输贮存的空间并大大降低了因此而产生费用。本发明可广泛应用于玉米秸秆、高粱等农作物的即时成型,将收割齿倾角和切碎齿齿距进行改动后即可用于杂草、小麦秸秆等农、林废弃物的即时成型。The invention adopts the ring die extrusion molding technology, integrates straw harvesting, collection, crushing and molding, relies on motor vehicles to provide power, and its working objects are mainly corn straws that are still upright in the field after harvesting corn. Realize instant compression molding of straw in the field. Thereby reducing the space for transportation and storage and greatly reducing the resulting costs. The present invention can be widely applied to instant forming of crops such as corn stalks and sorghum, and can be used for instant forming of agricultural and forestry wastes such as weeds and wheat straws after changing the inclination angle of harvesting teeth and the pitch of cutting teeth.
本发明的技术特点如下:Technical characteristics of the present invention are as follows:
1)即时成型,极大地降低了收集成本;1) Instant forming, which greatly reduces the collection cost;
2)收集、切碎、成型设备一体化,设备结构紧凑、能耗低;2) The collection, chopping and molding equipment are integrated, the equipment has a compact structure and low energy consumption;
3)由拖拉机提供动力,降低了设备成本;实现了移动式作业;3) Powered by tractors, reducing equipment costs; realizing mobile operations;
4)收割机构宽度可调节,适合进行不同垄宽的收集作业;4) The width of the harvesting mechanism can be adjusted, which is suitable for collecting operations with different ridge widths;
5)成型后的生物质棒料,燃烧性能得到极大提高;5) The combustion performance of the formed biomass bar is greatly improved;
6).操作简便,使用安全可靠。6). Easy to operate, safe and reliable to use.
本发明与传统厂房式成型技术相此具有如下优点:Compared with the traditional factory-type molding technology, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明所采用的生物质秸秆成型技术使传统的工艺过程大为简化;即时联合收集成型;1. The biomass straw molding technology adopted in the present invention greatly simplifies the traditional process; real-time joint collection and molding;
2、本发明采用的是集粉碎送料压缩于一体的设备,与原有传统分散设备:运输车辆、晾晒场地、烘干机、粉碎机、压缩成型机、存储仓库等相比大大简化。2. The present invention adopts equipment that integrates crushing, feeding and compression, which is greatly simplified compared with the original traditional dispersion equipment: transport vehicles, drying yards, dryers, pulverizers, compression molding machines, storage warehouses, etc.
3、该设备具有规模小、能耗低、操作简单、效率高等优点。该设备的动力来源是收割农作物的联合收割机,对动力的要求为50马力左右,因此能耗低。该设备工作效率为1t/h,因此工作效率高。该设备是一体化设备,可根据设备自带的临时压块存储箱的大小,每隔一定时间到地头自动卸下成型棒料,因此操作简单。3. The equipment has the advantages of small scale, low energy consumption, simple operation and high efficiency. The power source of the equipment is a combine harvester for harvesting crops, and the power requirement is about 50 horsepower, so the energy consumption is low. The working efficiency of the equipment is 1t/h, so the working efficiency is high. This equipment is an integrated equipment, according to the size of the temporary briquette storage box that comes with the equipment, it can automatically unload the forming bar at the ground every certain time, so the operation is simple.
4、与现有的成型设备方法相比,该设备的最大优点能够实现移动即时成型。它适应小型零散化作业,这使的它的使用范围广泛,市场应用性更强。因而该设备适宜进行商业化运作。4. Compared with the existing molding equipment methods, the biggest advantage of this equipment is that it can realize mobile instant molding. It is suitable for small and scattered operations, which makes it widely used and more marketable. Therefore, the device is suitable for commercial operation.
5、与传统厂房式生产设备相比,该设备省去了运输车辆、烘干设备、晾晒存储空间等,这就大大降低了成本和维护的费用。5. Compared with the traditional factory-type production equipment, this equipment saves the transportation vehicles, drying equipment, drying storage space, etc., which greatly reduces the cost and maintenance costs.
6、该设备对原料的适应性强。能适应粉碎秸秆的宽湿度范围,并且能适应生物质杂质(如泥土,沙粒等)的宽含量范围要求。6. The equipment has strong adaptability to raw materials. It can adapt to the wide humidity range of crushed straw, and can adapt to the wide content range requirements of biomass impurities (such as soil, sand, etc.).
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2是本发明的收集装置结构示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the collecting device of the present invention;
图3是图2的侧面局部示意图;Fig. 3 is a side partial schematic diagram of Fig. 2;
图4是本发明的秸秆粉碎装置结构示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the straw pulverizing device of the present invention;
图5是本发明的成型装置结构示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the molding device of the present invention;
图6是图5的左视图;Fig. 6 is the left side view of Fig. 5;
图7是成型装置的模孔放大结构示意图;Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the die hole of the molding device;
其中1、收集装置;2、秸秆粉碎装置;3、拖拉机;4、风力传送装置I;5、除尘装置;6、风力传送装置II;7、秸秆成型机构;8、减速装置;9、成型棒料传送装置;10、成型棒料收集器;11、分垄器;12、收割器;13、收集器;14、链轮机构;15、粉碎切刀;16、环模;17、压辊;18、连接轴;19、模孔。1. Collection device; 2. Straw crushing device; 3. Tractor; 4. Wind transmission device I; 5. Dust removal device; 6. Wind transmission device II; 7. Straw forming mechanism; Material conveying device; 10. Forming bar collector; 11. Ridge divider; 12. Harvester; 13. Collector; 14. Sprocket mechanism; 15. Crushing cutter; 16. Ring die; 17. Pressure roller; 18, connecting shaft; 19, die hole.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1中,拖拉机3的前部安装有收集装置1和秸秆粉碎装置2,秸秆粉碎装置2通过风力传送装置I4与位于拖拉机3后部上方的除尘装置5连接,除尘装置5通过风力传送装置II6与位于拖拉机3后部下方秸秆成型机构7连接,秸秆成型机构7的动力输入装置通过减速装置8与拖拉机3的动力装置连接,秸秆成型机构7的输出装置通过成型棒料传送装置9与成型棒料收集器10连接。In Fig. 1, a collecting device 1 and a straw crushing device 2 are installed on the front of the tractor 3, and the straw crushing device 2 is connected with the dust removal device 5 located above the rear of the tractor 3 through the wind power transmission device I4, and the dust removal device 5 passes through the wind power transmission device II6 It is connected with the straw forming mechanism 7 located under the rear part of the tractor 3, the power input device of the straw forming mechanism 7 is connected with the power device of the tractor 3 through the reduction gear 8, and the output device of the straw forming mechanism 7 is connected with the forming rod through the forming bar material transmission device The material collector 10 is connected.
该设备的动力源为拖拉机3自身的柴油机,全部零部件的动力都有该柴油机直接或间接提供。该机械设备的柴油机安装在驾驶员座位下方拖拉机3两后轮之间。The power source of the equipment is the diesel engine of the tractor 3 itself, and the power of all parts is directly or indirectly provided by the diesel engine. The diesel engine of this mechanical equipment is installed between the tractor 3 two rear wheels under the driver's seat.
如图1-图7所示,该设备的基本工艺过程如下:开动机器先由分垄器11将要收割的秸秆收垄,再由收割器12对其切断,此时秸秆倒伏进入收集器13,再由链轮机构14所在轴带动的粉碎切刀15对秸秆进行粉碎,进而落入风力传送装置I4中,由风机将秸秆输送到除尘装置5中进行除尘,经除尘装置5除尘后粉尘排出,并最终将粉碎后的秸秆通过风力传送装置II6送入秸秆成型机构7中,由于环模16与压辊17的相对转动,粉碎后的秸秆料从模孔17中被挤出,挤出的成型棒料经成型棒料传送装置9传送到成型棒料收集器10中。成型后的生物质压块临时存放于成型棒料收集器10的下半部分,等到料斗盛满时将设备行至地头将成型棒料收集器10倾斜一定角度进行卸料。As shown in Figures 1-7, the basic process of the equipment is as follows: when the machine is started, the ridge divider 11 will first collect the stalks to be harvested, and then the harvester 12 will cut them off. At this time, the stalks will fall into the
风力传送装置II6主要由安装在拖拉机3后部的风机和附加的传送管道组成。通过风机的吸力将流体强行送入传送管道并进行空间位置的转移。The wind power transmission device II6 is mainly composed of a fan installed at the rear of the tractor 3 and an additional transmission pipeline. The fluid is forcibly sent into the transmission pipe by the suction of the fan and transferred in space.
除尘装置5是通过较重的生物质颗粒和较轻的杂质在除尘器中的旋转分层原理进行除尘作业的。分层后的灰尘在除尘装置上部自然排出,生物质颗粒在重力作用下落入风力传送装置II6的传送管道中。The dedusting device 5 carries out the dedusting operation through the principle of rotation and stratification of heavier biomass particles and lighter impurities in the deduster. The layered dust is naturally discharged from the upper part of the dust removal device, and the biomass particles fall into the conveying pipe of the wind conveying device II6 under the action of gravity.
图2、图3中,收集装置1通过固定杆设置于秸秆粉碎装置2的前端,收集装置1由分垄器11和收割器12组成,收割器12位于多个分垄器11下部的间隔间,收割器12的割刀呈曲线形,收割器12通过蜗杆与拖拉机的动力装置连接。分垄器11通过前端的下倾A字尖头伸入生长在田地里的秸秆中间,秸秆受到挤压作用被分成多束,并沿两A字间隙向收割器12方向移动,完成强制分垄作业;收割器的动力来源自拖拉机动力轴经由蜗轮蜗杆变向的动力轴,收割器沿此竖直轴高速旋转,通过安装在切割器周圈的割刀将秸秆束割断。进行收割作业时由于设备处于向前运行状态,因而收割的玉米秸秆由于惯性力自动倒入收集器13中。In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the collection device 1 is arranged on the front end of the straw crushing device 2 through a fixed rod, and the collection device 1 is composed of a ridge divider 11 and a harvester 12, and the harvester 12 is located in the interval at the bottom of a plurality of ridge dividers 11 , the cutting knife of harvester 12 is curved, and harvester 12 is connected with the power unit of tractor by worm. The ridge divider 11 extends into the middle of the straw growing in the field through the downward-sloping A-shaped tip at the front end. The straw is squeezed and divided into multiple bundles, and moves toward the harvester 12 along the gap between the two A-shaped to complete the forced ridge splitting. Operation; the power source of the harvester comes from the power shaft of the tractor power shaft through the worm gear and worm. Since the equipment is in the forward running state during the harvesting operation, the harvested corn stalks are automatically poured into the
分垄器11和收割器12的轴向间距可调节,调节完成后卡紧锁死以防沿轴向窜动,因而适用于自然垄宽不同的地段作业。The axial distance between the ridge divider 11 and the harvester 12 can be adjusted, and after the adjustment is completed, it is clamped and locked to prevent axial movement, so it is suitable for operations in fields with different natural ridge widths.
图4中,收集器13固定于拖拉机3前端,粉碎切刀15位于收集器13内,粉碎切刀15与链轮机构14同轴,链轮机构14与拖拉机3动力装置连接,因而可将拖拉机动力装置传出的旋转运动经由链轮机构14转变为粉碎切刀15沿水平轴的旋转运动。粉碎切刀15高速旋转,沿粉碎装置周圈分布的螺旋切刀将自动倒入粉碎装置的玉米秸秆束进行成型前的粉碎工作。粉碎后的秸秆颗粒进入风力传送装置I4中。Among Fig. 4,
通过调节粉碎切刀15的切齿螺旋距可以控制不同作物的粉碎粒度大小。The crushing granularity of different crops can be controlled by adjusting the pitch of the cutting teeth of the crushing
图5-图7中,秸秆成型机构7包括环模16、主轴18、支撑架和压辊17,主轴18与支撑架连接,支撑架上设置有压辊17,支撑架和压辊17位于环模16内,环模16上设有模孔19。Among Fig. 5-Fig. 7, straw forming mechanism 7 comprises ring die 16,
成型装置的工作原理如下:由拖拉机3后轴传递过来的动力经由减速装置8带动压块成型机的主轴18转动,主轴18再带动固定在支撑架上的压辊17转动,这样由风力传送装置II6传送过来的秸秆颗粒进入环模16与压辊17的相对转动被强行挤入成型模孔19,进行成型挤压,并通过模孔19最终压缩成块。成型棒料在达到与环模16宽度相当的长度后由于惯性力与生物质秸秆的物理压缩特性而自行断裂。The working principle of the forming device is as follows: the power transmitted from the rear axle of the tractor 3 drives the
经压缩成型后的棒料由于压辊的挤压力和重力的作用下落向环模16外侧底部,并通过传送装置9自动落入成型棒料收集器10内。成型棒料收集器10为可绕底部轴线旋转的容器,方便在成型棒料收集器10盛满时倾斜卸料。The bar after compression molding falls to the outer bottom of the ring die 16 due to the extrusion force of the pressure roller and the effect of gravity, and automatically falls into the forming bar collector 10 through the conveying device 9 . The forming bar collector 10 is a container that can rotate around the bottom axis, which is convenient for tilting and unloading when the forming bar collector 10 is full.
图7中,本发明对生物质压块成型的模孔19做了改进,沿压辊转动方向与压辊先接触的一边做了一个大小为5~20度的倒角,从而方便生物质粉碎料进入模孔19,便于成型。In Fig. 7, the present invention has improved the
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