CN101163962A - Soot sensor - Google Patents
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- CN101163962A CN101163962A CN 200680013496 CN200680013496A CN101163962A CN 101163962 A CN101163962 A CN 101163962A CN 200680013496 CN200680013496 CN 200680013496 CN 200680013496 A CN200680013496 A CN 200680013496A CN 101163962 A CN101163962 A CN 101163962A
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- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 134
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0618—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support of the filter type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
- G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to soot sensors based on one-piece strip conductor structures, methods for measuring soot and the use of heat conductor chips for soot measurement. The invention is based on the sensitivity of intensive variables, especially substance-specific variables. The electric soot sensor is provided according to the invention, wherein at least one chip which is provided with at least one one-piece strip conductor comprising especially two terminal panels and by having a soot determining device that is adapted to determine an intensive or specific change of a surface. The inventive method is characterized by determining the change of an intensive variable, especially a thermospecific or electrical parameter of a chip, which change is caused by the soot deposits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to based on monolithic tape conductor structure soot sensor, be used to measure the method for coal smoke and be used for the use of the heat conductor chips that coal smoke measures.
Background technology
DE19959870A1 has described a kind of soot sensor, and this soot sensor uses heating element that coal smoke is heated to burning-point and serviceability temperature sensor are analyzed the quantity combusted that is used as coal soot to temperature rise direct measured value.A shortcoming should measuring indirectly is to lack repeatability.Must know that stream situation in exhaust system is so that can be according to the temperature rise derived information.And the very complicated three-dimensional structure of this element is highly susceptible to breaking down and is very expensive.
According to DE3304846, the area of heating surface that the covered coal smoke heating power with the area of heating surface of basic no coal smoke is compared.
DE10331838 relates to a kind of sensor element with the roughened sensor surface that is used to deposit coal smoke, and wherein the thermal mass of sensor main body is confirmed as the measured value of its smoke pollution.For this reason, this sensor heats by resistor structure, and uses identical resistor structure to write down the temperature of sensor main body.
In all methods of quoting in the above, preponderate than other result, measure the little variation of big variable as quickly as possible in order to make measurement result.This variation with a large amount of variablees is relevant, especially relevant with the small increase that is deposited caused sensor mass by coal smoke in essence.So these results that measure are fundamentally with because coal smoke deposits the basis of changing into of the sensor mass brought.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to allow coal soot is made reproducible qualitative and quantitative report, especially even about the quality of coal soot and size so that can assess the filling degree and the function of coal soot filtrator.
For reaching this purpose, considered the susceptibility of the especially peculiar variable of variable emphasized.For method, considered by the measurement of the variable of being emphasized of coal smoke deposition change.For equipment, realized detecting the susceptibility increase of coal smoke to the influence of emphasizing variable at improving.Preferably, especially carrying out direct coal smoke with one or two heat conductor with heat conductor measures.The theme of independent claims is at sensor, carries out the method for coal smoke measurement and the corresponding solution of the use of heat conductor in coal smoke is measured with heat conductor.Defined preferred embodiment in the dependent claims.
Relevant is that reproducible measurement needs the clear change of measured variable.The variable of being emphasized especially chip the particular variables beguine according to this large result be more suitable for this purpose for the measurement of prior art on basis.Based on the result of the surface nature that changes and optically or (for example about heat conductor ground, by insulator or electrically, especially about scattered field) change the result on surface, be to be used for according to the variable that emphasized and specific of solution of the present invention.The coal smoke that optical change comes from the metal surface covers, and ever-increasing coal smoke moves through this optical change and trends towards forming black matrix.Therefore, for heat conductor, its surperficial emitting performance changes, thereby the measurable temperature balance between energize and the emitted energy also changes.On ceramic surface, the coal smoke motion causes temperature performance to change with the effect of heat insulation mode and in this process.Coal smoke is deposited on and plays the dielectric effect on the electrode structure, has reduced the insulativity of tape conductor and has reduced the resistance value of electrode structure.In this, have been found that the coal smoke overlayer has appreciable impact to certain electric character, can make the cooling of chip depend on smoke pollution significantly, and the tectal burning of coal smoke has appreciable impact to temperature curve with enough surfaces.In order to be provided with or to calibrate soot sensor, with respect to reference value or reference curve or compare and measure balance to use the determined signal of measuring unit.
The burning coal smoke can increase the resistance value of this heat conductor on heat conductor.Can determine this resistance value by circuit.The degree of smoke pollution can be released from this resistance value especially its time curve.Preferably, determined the family curve of the relative smoke pollution degree of resistance value.This family curve can be determined the degree of smoke pollution.
The electronic circuitry especially resistance value of heat conductor can design and depends on the coal smoke overlayer, and the coal smoke overlayer can be determined by resistance value.The characterisitic parameter of this expression chip can change.In this process, changed the distinctive variable of chip, promptly utilized at least to be difficult to the temperature dependency under sane condition, controlled in essence.If coal smoke has reduced the insulation effect of air, then the specific resistance value of the certain electric conductance of chip electronic circuitry and/or chip electronic circuitry changes greatly.By that analogy, coal smoke has reduced the especially resistance value of indentation resistor of resistor circuit.
Electronic circuitry can be made by thick film technology or thin film technique.Utilize thin film technique to make electronic circuitry less than the layer of 1 μ m and have bandwidth less than 10 μ m by thickness with tape conductor.
The electronic circuitry that provides in the design of monolithic is the continuous electric conductor structure, and it possesses the especially form of heat conductor or measurement resistor of resistor.On the contrary, the IDC structure is not designed to monolithic.Preferred circuit figure is snakelike or zigzag tape conductor.In a preferred embodiment, between two ends of tape conductor, be tapered.Roomy end is called as the termination contact dish.
Within the scope of the invention, the chip that contains heat conductor is called as heat conductor chips.Similar with the smoke pollution of sensor, the heat that sensor sends at first is few more, and the resistance value of then warmed-up heat conductor sensor is relative in time with temperature to be reduced manyly more.This effect is very remarkable in the heat conductor sensor of plate surface.Therefore, the unshielded chip of its heat conductor and its heat conductor are compared by the chip of white pottery porcelain protection, show more significant temperature and resistance value and increase with smoke pollution and reduce.The surface area that chip is electroplated is big more, then the temperature of smoke pollution effect and/or temperature curve reduce remarkable more, also remarkable more thereby the time curve of the resistance value of chip and/or resistance value reduces.Therefore, resistance value reduces with smoke pollution under constant heating power.By the gold-plated effect particularly significantly that obtains.When using high temperature, it is limited that the temperature stability of platinum or iridium just becomes.
The coal smoke overlayer also changes the IR emission characteristics of specified temp performance and specific emission, especially heat conductor.Under permanent power dissipation, the coal smoke overlayer of increase is relevant with the increase of emissive ability, and the temperature of heat conductor chips increases with emissive ability and correspondingly descends.Therefore, also can determine smoke pollution by the temperature of definite heat conductor or the emission characteristics of heat conductor.
The burning of coal smoke also influences energy consumption and temperature.In the burning of removing coal smoke, be subjected to smoke pollution the heat conductor sensor resistance value with not compared by the smoke pollution state to have increased.As previously mentioned, the heat that not can dissipate by the sensor of smoke pollution is few more, and then this effect is remarkable more.
Soot sensor with a plurality of tape conductors can design has the IDC structure.This resistor structure especially can be heat conductor or temperature sensor.Measured resistance value is higher 10 to 100 times than the resistance value of heat conductor.
Basically, all the sensors of---especially heat conductor---all can be used as soot sensor can to deposit the tape conductor that has of coal smoke on it.
Be based on the chip of have terminal disc (terminal panel) and electric terminal as the method for solution of the present invention and soot sensor, described chip has electrical property, especially its resistance value that can change according to the influence of coal smoke.
Preferably, thus soot sensor is the heat-resisting exhaust apparatus that can be used for automobile.In this, the platinum film technology has been passed through time verifying in the respective chip manufacturing.Heat conductor and (if appropriate) other functional structure can cover thin ceramic film, with further increase temperature stability.
In the preferred embodiment with a heating element, the coal smoke sensitive chip can be removed the coal smoke overlayer by burning and come self-regeneration.In context, heating element can be used for carrying out the coal smoke measurement by analyzing the electrical effect or the thermal effect that depend on the coal smoke covering in the heat conductor performance.
In embodiment, can increase the repeatability of measurement by relative measurement with two heating resistors.Especially in the embodiment with two heating resistors, can remove the coal smoke overlayer by burning, different heating powers, energy consumption or temperature difference can be used for the coal smoke analysis variantly.
In this context, can be by increasing repeatability simply for two heating resistors of chip equipment.In this is provided with, can use two measuring units to come mutual balance.The chip (increasing repeatability successively) that has a measurement mechanism by two of placements separated by a distance separately can make influencing each other of measuring unit minimize.
Thereby additional temperature sensor helps controlling combustion engine and helps to control coal smoke to form or make the coal smoke minimizing.Temperature sensor by with heating element in conjunction with the amount information relevant that can be used to when removing coal smoke, to obtain with coal smoke with burning with character.Therefore, find that the whole heat of little coal soot burning is lower than the whole heat of big coal soot burning, and compare, under lower temperature, obtain the whole heat of little coal soot with big coal soot.
Temperature sensor also can be used to measure the temperature curve according to the time of temperature and/or preparation heat conductor.
In a preferred embodiment, the soot sensor that its chip only is made of exotic material (such as ceramic substrate, having printed the indentation structure of platinum on it), with and power lead be that the soot sensor that adds the nickel-chrome of chromium content between 10% to 30% of platinum cover is used as heat-resisting sensor in auto industry.
In other preferred embodiment
■ adopts still undocumented so far DE102004018050 or especially uses the platinum printed substrate by thin film technique;
The width of the tape conductor of ■ heat conductor or temperature sensor is＜2 μ m;
The width of the tape conductor of ■ temperature sensor is less than 20 μ m;
The ■ heat conductor is coated with a protective seam.
Unshielded heat conductor is fit to be used in temperature continuously and reaches 600 ℃ discharge gas, and protected structure then reaches 850 ℃.Preferably the outside surface of shielded heat conductor is electroplated.
Description of drawings
To the present invention be described by example with to the reference of accompanying drawing.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates the exploded view of heat conductor chips;
Fig. 2 illustrates the soot sensor chip, and wherein the conductor structure of the conductor structure of heating element and thermal sensor is attached on the plane identical with the IDC structure;
Fig. 3 illustrates the soot sensor chip, and wherein conductor structure is arranged on overlapping a plurality of planes;
Fig. 4 illustrates the temperature curve of comparing with the burning of coarse particle coal smoke during the burning of superfine coal smoke;
Fig. 5 illustrates the xsect of coal soot filtrator, is connected to gas outlet on it, and a soot sensor puts in the gas outlet;
Fig. 6 a illustrates the top view that puts in the sensor in the gas outlet, and Fig. 6 b illustrates the amplification diagrammatic sketch of its gauge head;
Fig. 7 a illustrates another sensor, and Fig. 7 b illustrates its gauge head;
Fig. 8 illustrates the function of the time that the heating resistor sensor compares with the heating resistor sensor that is not subjected to smoke pollution during soot combustion;
Fig. 9 illustrates the exploded view of the heat conductor chips with integrated temperature measurement resistor; With
Figure 10 illustrates two parts according to Fig. 9 that stretch out from protective tube.
Embodiment
In simple embodiment, use thin film technique on substrate 1 (being preferably ceramic substrate 1), only to use a heat conductor 4 of preferably making with platinum according to Fig. 1.This can realize according to known lithography or according to still undocumented DE102004018050 so far.In this heat conductor chips, resistance value is owing to the coal smoke overlayer changes, and this makes the heat conductor of the type be suitable for carrying out direct coal smoke in discharging gas and measures.Particularly important use is the measurement that internal combustion engine (especially diesel engine) is discharged the coal smoke in the gas.Especially, the function of coal soot filtrator can be monitored and be controlled by the discharge gas of diesel engine.
Chip embodiment according to Fig. 2 is characterised in that it has shown the very simply design of conveniently feasible application.Be similar to Fig. 3, platinum layer can be protected by thin layer 6.Feasible also has, and partly uses thin layer and for example makes it only cover heat conductor and temperature sensor.In another embodiment, use insulation course 6 and make the IDC structure only center section is not printed according to Fig. 2.In the broad range of selecting at the suitable protection of possible application, very outstanding according to the embodiment of Fig. 3, according to this embodiment, sensor and heat conductor are by insulation course 5 protections.So, be manufactured with open IDC structure 2 alternatively or by the IDC structure of insulation course 6 protections according to the chip of Fig. 3.
Use can be by heating and come pyrolytic to make it burning being deposited on coal smoke on this chip according to the heat conductor 4 of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3.For this reason, about 500 ℃ heating-up temperature has been passed through time verifying.Be used for determining that the IDC structure 2 or the measurement resistor 3 of temperature are used to balance heating power under the condition of given heating power.The heating power that provides under given conditions can be used to determine coal smoke and/or smoke pollution.
Can be used to analyze burning on heat conductor chips according to the temperature sensor 3 of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.This temperature curve provides the additional information about the heating power of soot combustion.Use reference value or reference curve to reach a conclusion for the type of coal smoke and the amount of character and coal smoke.As shown in Figure 4, thus can detect the especially amount and the grain size of coal smoke.
In diesel engine of new generation, remove coal smoke by filtering from discharge gas.In this process, soot filter can be scorched and be stopped up.Therefore, effective in order to keep soot filter, recommendation reduces the coal smoke overlayer of filtrator.In order to control and test the automatically cleaning ability, can be arranged on the soot filter and under the condition identical according to sensor of the present invention and to be covered by coal smoke with filtrator, make as long as sensor one measures the definition value of electric variable, just start the automatically cleaning of particulate filter.Sensor according to the present invention can be used to control the explosive mixture via fuel is supplied with, gas recycle is supplied with or discharged to air.Can generate the discharge gas mixture that permission is controlled the formation of coal smoke and (if feasible) reduces in this way.
If coal soot is deposited on the pre-warmed platinum electrode pectination (IDC), the resistance value of then measured IDC structure 2 is the values that compare and measure at coal smoke overlayer concentration.If come with passivated dielectric medium IDC structure 2 with thin film passivation layer 6 or to print thick film layers, then described dielectric coal smoke overlayer has influenced the capacitance as the capacitor of coal smoke concentration function.The mutual balance of the value that depends on temperature of heating power and IDC measured value, the accurate measured value of generation smoke pollution.
Therefore, according to the present invention, the healthy and strong ceramic chip design of the use platinum film technology of employing elapsed time checking helps the quantitative detection of coal soot concentration.
The themopositive reaction during the soot combustion is analyzed in temperature rise when additional thermal sensor and temperature sensor element help burning by the coal smoke grate firing.This themopositive reaction illustrates the correlativity that raises with temperature, and can come record by integrated temperature sensor.The conclusion that relatively allows to make amount, distribution and grain size of this curve map and file curve (archived curve) about coal smoke.
Can make the burn processing of removing coal smoke about the conclusion and the starting of pollution level according to the conductivity of direct current or alternating current.
In the layout according to Fig. 5, sensor puts in the exhaust duct 12 and can be arranged in the upstream or the downstream of coal soot filtrator 11.The gauge head 14 of sensor 13 has been equipped with two chips in Fig. 6 a, Fig. 7 and Fig. 7 a.Have two chips and allow to make reference measure about corresponding another chip.If a chip contains the heated filament 4 of with good grounds Fig. 1, then heated filament 4 can be used to remove coal smoke by burning.Therefore, can also obtain more reference datas with second sensor with the biosensor analysis soot combustion.The burn processing of the removal coal smoke on chip makes the measuring bridge imbalance (detuning) that contains two chips, lacks of proper care and measures smoke pollution by measuring this, also promptly measures the state of particulate filter 11.In order to make bridge balance, two chips all will heat, up to the coal smoke of having removed by burning above them.According to Fig. 1, heat conductor chips 4 is protected by protective seam 6.The application (especially using the application of the ceramic coat of thin film technique) of ceramic coat and use thin film technique has been passed through time verifying and has been applicable to this.Outside gold-plated, platinum plating or plating iridium have increased the susceptibility to coal smoke.Use thin film technique to realize electroplating at protective seam 6 with on the back side of ceramic substrate 1.The soot sensor of Zhi Zaoing can be used to continued operation under up to 850 ℃ temperature like this.And, for example can use glass or sacrificial electrode to come seal protection layer 6 to increase serviceable life.
The simple protective layer that glass is made is enough for the application that reaches 650 ℃.
The schematic view illustrating of Fig. 8 compare the heating resistor value that the sensor that is subjected to smoke pollution increases in removing the soot combustion process with the sensor that is not subjected to smoke pollution.In this context, to notice that importantly heating is subjected to the soot sensor of smoke pollution and heats when not being subjected to the soot sensor of smoke pollution under being lower than removal soot combustion temperature, be subjected to the soot sensor of smoke pollution colder, instant heating gets slower.
Heat conductor chips with IDC structure
Can remove coal smoke on the chip by heat conductor.The sensor of this type can be operated and make the burn processing of chip with predetermined impedance starting removal coal smoke, has removed coal smoke by this combustion process from soot filter and chip self.Additional temperature sensor is useful for further raising repeatability, for example, and for the temperature curve of determining heat conductor or under the standardization temperature conditions, measure.
Adopt heat conductor to measure coal smoke
Under the model engine state, calibrate heat conductor according to Fig. 1 according to its resistance characteristic curve about the smoke pollution degree.Measurement in non-operating state or idle running has been passed through time verifying and has been applicable to this.The sensor of this type can be arranged in the exhaust stream upstream or the downstream of coal soot filtrator 11.If this transducer arrangements is in the downstream of particulate filter 11 and send the smoke pollution signal, then show soot filter 11 faults.The soot sensor that is arranged in soot filter 11 upstream detection smoke pollutions starts the burning of removing coal smoke with the heated filament 4 of himself in coal soot filtrator 11.
In another embodiment, the heat conductor chips according to Fig. 1 is used for determining smoke pollution according to the discrepant emitting performance of heat conductor 4.In this process, find that below burning-point under the heating power that equates, resistance value increases with smoke pollution and reduces.The difference of emitting performance is big more, and this result's amplitude increases more.The reason that Here it is electroplates the heat conductor chips outside.Gold, iridium and platinum are particularly useful for this purpose.
In embodiment, can prevent to drift about by comparing and measuring with respect to calibration curve with two heat conductors 4.Therefore, the heat conductor in the preferred embodiment 4 can burn mutually coal smoke and mutual the comparison.If they are operated under the same operation condition, then their take place by being deposited on the lip-deep identical drift that can not coal-fired cigarette composition causes.
The resistance value of heat conductor 4 varies with temperature.When heat conductor 4 is subjected to smoke pollution, owing to be subjected to the sensor of smoke pollution to resemble a black matrix emitter (black emitter), launch more multipotency, so heat conductor 4 changes its emission characteristics than other object.Therefore, the resistance value of heat conductor 4 reduces when smoke pollution, and the resistance value of Here it is heat conductor 4 can be used as the reason of smoke pollution measurement means.Therefore, heat conductor 4 is well-suited for the burn processing that coal smoke is removed in soot filter 11 startings that are subjected to smoke pollution equally.In this process, soot sensor can take place to block and its characteristic resistance curve generation drift relatively in time.Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, impedance after removing the soot combustion processing and indication are removed between the parameter that soot combustion is handled or gaseous mixture constitutes and are had certain functional relation.Improving among the embodiment at another that prevents to drift about, two sensors that comprise heat conductor 4 are being interconnected form measuring bridge.Here will focus on mutual removal soot combustion and contrast measurement in the multiple balance selection.
Parts according to Fig. 9 comprise measurement resistor 3 and heating resistor 4.Two parts 7 according to Fig. 9 are operated in the sensor according to Figure 10, and wherein one of two heat conductors 4 are used for removing by burning the coal smoke of parts, and two heat conductors all are used for to separately parts heating, up to reaching its thermal equilibrium.Determine smoke pollution according to thermally equilibrated temperature separately, this balance is determined by temperature measuring resistors device 3.Therefore the temperature difference of parts 7 is measurement means of smoke pollution.
Another example embodiment according to Fig. 9 and Figure 10 can be used to illustrate further manner of execution and further measures principle.Two ceramic soot sensor chips 7 (Fig. 9) have the ceramic cap 6 that adheres to vitrifacation; Each all has heated filament 4 (p is approximately 20 ohm) and Pt-1000 sensor 3 chip 7.Each all is integrated into soot sensor chip 7 in the encapsulation (Figure 10 and Figure 11).Two heated filaments 4 are electrically connected in the Wheatstone bridge two other, and for example each is 20 ohm a precision measurement resistor.Employing instrument amplification module amplifies bridge voltage with 50 factor.All be not subjected to smoke pollution and the temperature of two heated filament chips 7 be chosen in 300 ℃ of situations in the scope to calibrate electric bridge according to two chips 7 then.If one of two chips 7 all are subjected to smoke pollution on chip lid 6 or at chip back or on the two sides, the emitting performance of then described chip 7 is compared with the chip 7 that is not subjected to smoke pollution and is changed, thereby thereby is subjected to the chip 7 of smoke pollution to send more radiation to be cooled to a certain degree.According to the family curve of platinum, be subjected to the cooling of the chip 7 of smoke pollution to change the resistance value of heated filament 4, thereby and cause the imbalance of the Wheatstone bridge that is easy to measure.
If the chip 7 that is subjected to smoke pollution carries out the removal soot combustion of a few minutes, the then electricity of measuring bridge imbalance again in 300 ℃ temperature range subsequently in about temperature more than 600 ℃.
In order to strengthen measurement effect, the total surface of chip lid 6 and the back side of chip preferably (for example with the PVD coating) plating with Au or Pt so that the emitting performance in the infra-red range minimize.
Claims (18)
1. measure the sedimental method of coal smoke for one kind, its electronic circuitry that relies on monolithic electronic circuitry especially to use thin film technique to manufacture monolithic is measured, and the coal smoke sediment is determined in the change that described method is characterised in that (specific) parameter of emphasizing that dependence is caused by the coal smoke sediment especially change of chip thermal characteristics or electrical quantity.
2. measure the sedimental method of coal smoke for one kind, its electronic circuitry that relies on the monolithic electronic circuitry especially to use thin film technique to manufacture monolithic is measured, and described method is characterised in that and adopts heat conductor (4) or temperature sensor (3) to rely on the change of the certain electric parameter of being emphasized of chip to determine the coal smoke sediment.
3. especially as claimed in claim 1 or 2ly be used for determining the sedimental method of coal smoke, be characterised in that sensor has two heat conductors (4), described heat conductor is controlled about one of energy consumption, temperature curve or these variablees of curve of removing soot combustion variantly.
4. the method for definite coal smoke as claimed in claim 3, be characterised in that two heat conductor chips are covered by coal smoke and one is covered by coal smoke heat conductor chips is heated removing coal smoke by burning, and energy consumption curve or temperature curve or energy consumption and temperature curve are analyzed mutually to determine the character of coal smoke.
5. the use of two heat conductor chips of operating in encapsulation, described heat conductor chips are used for coal smoke and measure variantly.
6. be used for the use of the heat conductor that coal smoke measures, be characterised in that described coal smoke measures the cooling performance or the emitting performance that changed by coal smoke based on chip, and by measuring electricity or the thermal measurement variable carries out.
7. be used for the use of the heat conductor of coal smoke measurement, be characterised in that the temperature curve that described coal smoke measurement changes based on soot combustion, and undertaken by identical heat conductor structure measurement electricity or the thermal measurement variable that use is used to heat.
8. as the use of claim 6 or 7 described heat conductor chips, be characterised in that the change of the resistance value by heat conductor or determine the coal smoke measured value by the temperature of heat conductor (4) or the change of IR emission.
9. electronics soot sensor, wherein at least one chip is equipped with at least one tape conductor, this tape conductor adopts the monolithic design and especially has two terminal discs, is characterised in that described soot sensor has the coal smoke that is suitable for change that emphasized or specific on definite surface and determines device.
10. soot sensor especially as claimed in claim 9 contains at least one heat conductor chips, is characterised in that heat conductor chips all carrying out electroplating surface in particular on the one side on two faces.
11., be characterised in that described soot sensor has two heat conductor chips (4) as any described soot sensor of claim 9 or 10.
12. as any described soot sensor of claim 9 to 11, be characterised in that described soot sensor comprises a chip, this chip is connected to electric terminal by terminal disc, thereby the resistance value of this chip can be changed by the coal smoke influence.
13. any described soot sensor as claim 9 to 12, described soot sensor comprises a heat conductor chips, the resistance value of this heat conductor chips can be changed by the coal smoke influence, and described soot sensor is characterised in that the resistance value of described sensor is a balance.
14., be characterised in that described soot sensor has temperature sensor (3) as any described soot sensor of claim 9 to 13.
15., be characterised in that the heating element (4) of described chip or temperature sensor (3) or a plurality of such element are covered by electrical insulator (6) as any described soot sensor of claim 9 to 14.
16. soot sensor as claimed in claim 15 is characterised in that described heating element (4) or described temperature sensor (3) are covered by thin ceramic layer (6).
17. as any described soot sensor of claim 9 to 16, be characterised in that described soot sensor has two parts (7), each of described two parts (7) all has heat conductor (4) and temperature sensor (3).
18., be characterised in that the contrast of adopting second parts (7) to rely on temperature under the identical heating power measures or rely on the contrast measurement of heating power under the uniform temp to determine the smoke pollution of parts (7) according to the use of the soot sensor of claim 17.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005018453.7 | 2005-04-20 | ||
| DE102005018453 | 2005-04-20 | ||
| DE102005029219.4 | 2005-06-22 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101163962A true CN101163962A (en) | 2008-04-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200680013496 Pending CN101163962A (en) | 2005-04-20 | 2006-04-20 | Soot sensor |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN101163962A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102421998A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2012-04-18 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method and device for monitoring a component arranged in an exhaust gas region of an internal combustion engine |
| CN102939447A (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2013-02-20 | 斯通瑞智公司 | Soot sensor system |
| CN103733076A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2014-04-16 | 斯通瑞智公司 | Soot sensor system |
| CN107525750A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-29 | 福特环球技术公司 | Method and system for exhaust particulate matter sensing |
| CN107850525A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2018-03-27 | 宝马股份公司 | Soot particulate sensor |
| CN109891223A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-06-14 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | For determining the sensor element of the particle in fluid media (medium) |
| CN110036286A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-07-19 | 盛思锐股份公司 | Multi-parameter sensor with bridge structure |
| CN110612277A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2019-12-24 | 贺利氏先进传感器技术有限公司 | Sensor for determining gas parameters |
| US11673375B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2023-06-13 | Heraeus Nexensos Gmbh | Heater having a co-sintered multi-layer structure |
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2006
- 2006-04-20 CN CN 200680013496 patent/CN101163962A/en active Pending
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102421998A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2012-04-18 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method and device for monitoring a component arranged in an exhaust gas region of an internal combustion engine |
| CN102421998B (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2014-11-05 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method and device for monitoring a component arranged in an exhaust gas region of an internal combustion engine |
| US8915645B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2014-12-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for monitoring a component arranged in an exhaust region of an internal combustion engine |
| CN102939447B (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2015-03-25 | 斯通瑞智公司 | Soot sensor system |
| CN102939447A (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2013-02-20 | 斯通瑞智公司 | Soot sensor system |
| US10416062B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2019-09-17 | Stoneridge, Inc. | Soot sensor system |
| US9389163B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2016-07-12 | Stoneridge, Inc. | Soot sensor system |
| CN103733076B (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2017-04-12 | 斯通瑞智公司 | Soot sensor system |
| CN103733076A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2014-04-16 | 斯通瑞智公司 | Soot sensor system |
| CN107850525A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2018-03-27 | 宝马股份公司 | Soot particulate sensor |
| US10782222B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2020-09-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Diesel particulate sensor |
| CN107525750A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-29 | 福特环球技术公司 | Method and system for exhaust particulate matter sensing |
| CN107525750B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2022-01-14 | 福特环球技术公司 | Method and system for exhaust particulate matter sensing |
| CN109891223A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-06-14 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | For determining the sensor element of the particle in fluid media (medium) |
| CN110036286A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-07-19 | 盛思锐股份公司 | Multi-parameter sensor with bridge structure |
| CN110612277A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2019-12-24 | 贺利氏先进传感器技术有限公司 | Sensor for determining gas parameters |
| US11673375B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2023-06-13 | Heraeus Nexensos Gmbh | Heater having a co-sintered multi-layer structure |
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