CN101157065A - Multifunctional electrostatic precipitator - Google Patents

Abstract

A multifunctional electrostatic precipitator, comprising a box body (17) with an air inlet flue (10) on one side of the upper part and an exhaust flue (9) on the other side, the two ends of the box body (17) are respectively There are two rows of electrostatic precipitator chambers (15), a high-efficiency settling chamber (1) is provided under the air intake flue (10), a pre-electrostatic pre-dust chamber (8) is located under the high-efficiency settling chamber (1), and a high-efficiency settling chamber (1) and the pre-electric dust removal chamber (8) are located in the middle of the two rows of electric dust removal chambers (15), and the air intake flue (10) communicates with the high-efficiency settling chamber (1) through the airflow uniform distribution device (19); the bottom of the box body There is an ash hopper (14) connected to the high-efficiency settling chamber (1) and the pre-electrostatic precipitator chamber (8), and the ash hopper (14) is connected to the ash hopper (12) at the bottom of the electrostatic precipitator chamber (15) through the normally open valve (5) The ash hopper (12) communicates with the electrostatic precipitator (15) through the airflow uniform distribution device (11); the top of the electrostatic precipitator (15) is provided with a stop valve (6) and the clean air chamber (7), Activated carbon is arranged in the clean air chamber (7); the clean air chamber (7) communicates with the exhaust flue (9).

Description

Multifunctional electrostatic precipitator

technical field

The invention relates to industrial environment-friendly dust removal equipment, in particular to a multifunctional electric dust collector.

Background technique

Electrostatic precipitators, especially plate horizontal electrostatic precipitators, are widely used in environmental protection and dust removal in all walks of life due to their advantages such as high dust removal efficiency, small equipment resistance, low operating costs, and wide range of adaptability to smoke and dust characteristics. As the requirements continue to improve, the requirements for the allowable dust concentration in the flue gas are also getting higher and higher. The horizontal plate electrostatic precipitator is increasingly unable to meet the requirements of environmental protection dust removal, and the steel consumption required by the structure of the horizontal plate electrostatic precipitator itself Large, and it is difficult to clean, overhaul and replace the dust collection plate and corona wire of the plate horizontal electrostatic precipitator, and the vibrating dust cleaning of the plate horizontal electrostatic precipitator is carried out during the production operation, which may easily cause "secondary dust" .

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-functional electric precipitator with low steel consumption, higher dust removal efficiency and convenient maintenance in view of the problems of large steel consumption, low dust removal efficiency and inconvenient maintenance in the prior art. dust collector.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multifunctional electrostatic precipitator, comprising a box body 17 with an inlet flue 10 on one side of the upper part and an exhaust flue 9 on the other side. Two rows of electrostatic precipitator chambers 15 are arranged at both ends of the box body 17, and a high-efficiency settling chamber 1 is arranged below the air intake duct 10. Located in the middle of the two rows of electrostatic precipitator chambers 15, the air intake flue 10 communicates with the high-efficiency settling chamber 1 through an airflow uniform distribution device 19; Bucket 14, the ash bucket 14 communicates with the ash bucket 12 at the bottom of the electrostatic precipitator 15 through the normally open valve 5; the ash bucket 12 communicates with the electrostatic precipitator 15 through the air flow uniform distribution device 11; the top of the electrostatic precipitator 15 is provided with a stop valve 6 communicates with the clean gas chamber 7, and activated carbon is arranged in the clean gas chamber 7; the clean gas chamber 7 communicates with the exhaust flue 9.

The further improvement of the above scheme is as follows: two dust collection rows 21, 22 and corona electrodes 2 are arranged in the electrostatic precipitator chamber 15 and the pre-electrostatic precipitator chamber 8, the two dust collection rows 21, 22 are movably connected, and the corona electrode 2 is set In the space surrounded by two dust collectors. The electrostatic precipitator chambers 15 are independent of each other, and are respectively provided with an air stop valve 6 and a normally open valve 5 . The top of the clean air chamber 7 is provided with a maintenance cover plate 18 . The pre-electrostatic precipitator chamber 8 is provided with upper and lower inspection doors.

The working principle of the present invention is shown in Figure 7. When the multifunctional electrostatic precipitator is working, the dust-laden flue gas enters from the air intake flue 10, and enters the high-efficiency settling chamber 1 after passing through the airflow uniform distribution device 19, and the coarse particle dust is absorbed. The mechanical force directly settles and plays the role of preliminary dust removal. The flue gas then enters the pre-electric dust removal chamber 8, and the dust particles are charged. Under the action of the electric field, the negatively charged dust is adsorbed on the dust collection row 21 and the dust collection row 22, and the positively charged dust is adsorbed on the corona electrode 2 , and the coagulation of fine dust occurs, which acts as a secondary electrostatic precipitator and improves the dust collection efficiency of the precipitator. After two-stage dedusting, more than 90% of the dust is captured, and less than 10% of the dust that is not captured moves to the ash hopper 14 with the airflow, and after settling, the valve 5 is often opened and enters the ash hopper 12, and passes through the airflow uniform distribution device 11 After being evenly distributed, it enters the electrostatic precipitator 15. The dust entering the electrostatic precipitator 15 is fine dust after charging and has coagulated, changing from small particles to coarse particles, which reduces the adhesion, and the layer is loose and easy to clean. The receptability of the dust is increased, and these dusts tend to collect to the dust collection row and the corona electrode under the action of the electric field force in the electrostatic precipitator chamber 15, thereby playing the role of three-stage dust removal. The gas coming out from the electrostatic precipitator 15 enters the clean room 7 through the open air stop valve 6, and absorbs dioxin and other harmful gases therein through the high-efficiency activated carbon in the clean room 7, and the adsorption rate can reach more than 90%. The effective adsorption period of activated carbon can be about one to two years, and the replaced activated carbon can be reused after activation and regeneration. The purified air is discharged from the exhaust flue 9.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. Structural improvement is conducive to reducing steel consumption

The multi-functional electrostatic precipitator changes the large electric field into several independent small electric fields, changes the dust collection from two sides to four sides, and changes the air intake mode of the electric field from horizontal air intake to vertical air intake. After calculating two electrostatic precipitators with the same flow area, the multifunctional electrostatic precipitator has a flue gas handling capacity more than 1.5 times that of the horizontal plate electrostatic precipitator, and can effectively reduce steel consumption. 60-70% of steel consumption, one-time investment can be reduced by 30-40%.

2. High-efficiency settling chamber and pre-electrostatic precipitator chamber improve dust collection efficiency

If the high-concentration dust directly enters the electrostatic precipitator, the equipment design will inevitably be too large. At the same time, the high concentration of dust may also cause the corona closure of the electric field, which directly affects the dust collection efficiency.

For fine dust with a particle size of less than 15μ, if the charging time cannot be obtained enough, the dust particles will not coalesce, and will drift with the wind and be discharged to affect the dust collection efficiency.

In the middle of the two rows of electric fields of the multifunctional electrostatic precipitator, there is a high-efficiency settling chamber and a pre-electrostatic dust collection chamber, which is equivalent to a series connection of two stages of electric dust removal chambers. After the smoke and dust pass through the high-efficiency settling chamber and the pre-electric dust collection chamber, the dust collection efficiency can reach more than 90%. Only less than 10% of the dust concentration entering the electric field of electrostatic precipitator can greatly reduce the electric field pressure.

The dust that has not been captured is mostly fine dust after charging. The setting of the pre-electric dust removal room increases the length of the electric field, and the residence time of the fine dust in the electric field can be as long as 14-20 seconds, which is enough time for the fine dust particles to coalesce and change from small particles to coarse particles. The adhesive force is reduced, the layer is loose and easy to clean, and the dust collection degree is increased, which is beneficial to improve the dust collection efficiency.

3. Uniform and strong electric field, no corona blind zone, ensuring the current density of the dust collector

The dust collection channel of the multi-function electrostatic precipitator is square in four sides, and each channel is equipped with a corona wire. Uniform and strong corona current can be generated in all directions, and there is no corona blind zone from bottom to top, ensuring that the current density of the dust collector is at the best value.

4. Mechanical rapping and pressure gas injection dust removal system to avoid "secondary dust"

In the multi-functional electrostatic precipitator, the dust collector and the corona electrode cleaning system adopt the advanced cleaning method of "mechanical rapping" and "pressure gas injection": that is, after mechanical rapping and cleaning, the dust is cleaned at regular intervals. Or regularly use pressure gas injection to remove the dust accumulated on the dust collector and corona electrode, so that the dust removal is more thorough and clean, which is conducive to maintaining good electrical conductivity and ensuring that the electrostatic precipitator is always in the best dust collection state. The corona electrode uses pressure gas jet cleaning to completely eliminate many unfavorable factors caused by mechanical vibration cleaning or electromagnetic vibration cleaning.

And the dust cleaning system of the multi-functional electrostatic precipitator adopts the unique dust cleaning method of "chamber-by-chamber wind-stop vibration" and "chamber-by-chamber wind-stop pressure gas injection": that is, each independent electrostatic precipitator room can Vibration and pressure air jet dust removal are carried out in the state of complete wind stop, which eliminates the so-called "secondary dust" phenomenon caused by vibration and dust removal of the plate horizontal electrostatic precipitator, avoids repeated work, and improves dust collection efficiency.

The cleaning system of the multifunctional electrostatic precipitator is very flexible and adjustable. It can adjust the vibration interval and injection interval according to the discharge situation, or through effective measures such as changing the size of the vibration hammer, the dust cleaning system can be adjusted. Tune. The rapping devices are all arranged outside the housing for easy maintenance.

5. It has the function of eliminating other harmful gases such as dioxin

The flue gas contains a variety of harmful gases. The ordinary plate horizontal electrostatic precipitator can only remove the dust in the flue gas, but cannot remove other harmful gases.

At present, the most effective methods for removing these harmful gases are adsorption methods, and powdery or granular activated carbon is sprayed in the inlet flue of the dust collector or in the desulfurization reaction tower. Harmful gases are adsorbed on the surface of activated carbon and collected by bag filter. Under severe working conditions, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon is relatively poor, and usually the adsorption capacity can only reach 20-30%. However, a large amount of activated carbon cannot be recycled and regenerated, which increases the operating cost.

Multifunctional electrostatic precipitator with the function of removing dioxin and other harmful gases. A clean air chamber is designed on the top of each electrostatic precipitator, and activated carbon with high adsorption capacity is installed in the clean air chamber (the activated carbon is a high-tech product with a national invention patent, and the adsorption capacity can be as high as 800-1000g/kg). When the gas after high-efficiency dedusting decelerates and passes through the clean air chamber, the harmful gas is efficiently adsorbed by the activated carbon, and the adsorption rate can reach more than 90%. The effective adsorption period of activated carbon can be about one to two years, and the replaced activated carbon can be reused after activation and regeneration.

6. Easy maintenance, immediate maintenance, cleaning or replacement of boards and lines

The top of each electrostatic precipitator chamber of the multifunctional electrostatic precipitator is equipped with a maintenance top cover, which can be maintained without stopping production. As long as the air stop valve and power switch of each electric field are turned off in turn, the dust collection row and corona electrode of each electric field can be overhauled, cleaned or replaced. Repairing and maintaining the electrostatic precipitator without affecting production can not only prolong its service life, but also ensure that the electrostatic precipitator is always in the best operating condition for a long time.

7. Strong engineering adaptability

The plate horizontal electrostatic precipitator is limited by the height, width, and length dimensions. Usually, the ratio of height to width is ≤1.5:1, and the length dimension also has certain requirements. Otherwise, the performance of the electrostatic precipitator will be affected due to the narrow space. .

The multi-functional electrostatic precipitator has flexible and variable functions, because each independent electrostatic precipitator room and pre-electrostatic precipitator room have flexible variability, and can be flexibly arranged according to the actual site conditions, which will never affect the performance of the equipment. Therefore, it can be adapted to various reconstruction projects or the needs of narrow site projects.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line A-A of Fig. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the right side of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable dust collection electric field of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line B-B of Fig. 4 .

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of corona current in the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the dust removal process of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, one side of the multifunctional electrostatic precipitator casing 17 of the present invention is provided with an air inlet flue 10, and the corresponding side of the air inlet flue 10 is provided with an exhaust flue 9, and A high-efficiency settling chamber 1 and a pre-electrostatic precipitator chamber 8 are arranged below the gas flue 10 , and the pre-electrostatic precipitator chamber 8 is arranged at the lower part of the high-efficiency settling chamber 1 . The air intake flue 10 communicates with the settling chamber 1 through an air flow distribution device 19 . The arrangement of the air flow uniform distribution device 19 can uniformly import flue gas. In a short period of time, the flue gas can be fully uniformed and then enter the high-efficiency settling chamber 1 and the pre-electrostatic precipitator chamber 8, which is conducive to efficient settling and dust collection. A number of electrostatic precipitators 15 are arranged on both sides of the high-efficiency settling chamber 1 and the pre-electrostatic precipitator chamber 8. The electrostatic precipitators 15 are independent of each other. The top of each electrostatic precipitator 15 is provided with an air stop valve 6 to communicate with the clean air chamber 7. Activated carbon with high adsorption rate is arranged in the clean air chamber 7 (this activated carbon is a high-tech product with a national invention patent, and the adsorption capacity can be as high as 800-1000g/kg). The clean air chamber 7 communicates with the exhaust flue 9 . The top of the clean gas chamber 7 is provided with a sealed maintenance cover 18, which can be opened to replace active carbon regularly and directly clean or overhaul the inside of the electrostatic precipitator 15. Under each electrostatic precipitator 15, a grid-type airflow uniform distribution device 11 is installed to make the smoke evenly distributed and raised; a normally open valve 5 is installed on the lower side of each electrostatic precipitator 15, and the normally open valve 5 remains normally open during operation. status, closed during maintenance. The high-efficiency settling chamber 1 and the pre-electrostatic pre-dust chamber 8 are equipped with upper and lower inspection doors for easy inspection and maintenance.

As shown in Figure 4, the pre-electric dust removal room 8 and the electrostatic precipitator room 15 are respectively equipped with a dust collecting row 21 and a dust collecting row 22. Type structure, also can adopt plate type structure. The movable connection of the two dust collection rows is beneficial to vibration and dust removal. This structure has a good function of self-uniform airflow, the dust collector is suspended and positioned with the box body 17, and an anti-attenuation device for rapping acceleration is provided to ensure that the rapping acceleration is sufficiently large. The corona electrode 2 is set in the middle of the grid-shaped flue gas channel surrounded by two dust collection rows 21, 22, and is composed of stainless steel burrs 23 and seamless steel pipes 24 (as shown in Figure 5), and the upper part passes through the hanging device 16 Suspended on the box body 17, the bottom is firmly connected to the box body 17, which has the characteristics of safety, reliability, strong adaptability to flue gas variability, and good vibration cleaning performance. As shown in Figure 6, the section of the corona wire is in the shape of a "m"-shaped prickly wire. There is no blind area of the corona wire in the entire flue gas channel, and there are 8 tip discharges, which can generate a strong and uniform corona electric field.

All the rapping devices 4 of the pre-electrostatic precipitator chamber 8 and the electrostatic precipitator chamber 15 are arranged outside the casing 17 for easy maintenance. The electrostatic precipitator is also equipped with a pressure air injection system 3, which mainly includes an air bag, an electronic valve, and an injection pipe (not shown in the figure). The injection pressure is about 0.25-0.5MPa, and the pressure air consumption is about 1.5-3m ³ /min. This pressure air blowing system is mainly set up to remove the fine smoke dust with strong adhesion and difficult to remove after mechanical vibration. The pressure gas injection system is regularly turned on to remove the dust accumulation on the dust collection row and the corona electrode, maintain good electrical conductivity, ensure the efficient dust collection of the electrostatic precipitator, and prolong the service life of the equipment.

After working for a period of time, the multi-functional electrostatic precipitator needs to be cleaned. The dust collector and corona electrode cleaning system of the present invention adopts the advanced cleaning method of "mechanical rapping" and "pressure gas injection". Method: after cleaning the dust by mechanical vibration of the rapping device 4, the pressure gas injection system 3 is used regularly or regularly to remove the dust accumulation on the dust collection row and the corona electrode, so that the dust removal is more thorough and clean, which is conducive to maintaining a good environment. Conductive performance, to ensure that the electrostatic precipitator is always in the best state of dust collection. The corona electrode uses pressure gas jet cleaning to completely eliminate many unfavorable factors caused by mechanical vibration cleaning or electromagnetic vibration cleaning.

The dust cleaning system of the multi-function electrostatic precipitator, because each electrostatic precipitator room is independent of each other, and has an independent air stop valve 6 and a normally open valve 5, so it can adopt the unique "chamber-by-chamber wind-stop vibration" and "room-by-chamber rotation Air-stop pressure air blowing” dust cleaning method: that is, each independent electrostatic precipitator chamber 15 can carry out vibration and pressure air blowing dust removal in the state of complete wind stop, which eliminates the The so-called "secondary dust" phenomenon caused by rapping and dust removal avoids repeated work and improves dust collection efficiency.

The dust removal system of the multifunctional electrostatic precipitator is very flexible. It can adjust the vibration interval and injection interval according to the discharge situation, or through effective measures such as changing the size of the vibration hammer, the dust removal system can be adjusted. The rapping devices 4 are all arranged outside the housing for easy maintenance.

The designer used two sets of multi-functional and ordinary plate horizontal electrostatic precipitators with the same specifications, the air volume is 312000m ³ /h, the inlet smoke concentration is 40g/m ³ , the technical and economic comparison is as follows:

serial number project Plate horizontal electrostatic precipitator   Multifunctional electrostatic precipitator unit 1 Treating flue gas volume 312000 312000 m ³ /h 2 temperature ≤250 ≤250 ℃ 3 Dust concentration at the entrance of smoke and dust 40 40 g/ ^m3 4 Dust concentration in flue gas emission ≥50 ≤30-0 mg/ ^m3 5 Cleaning method mechanical vibration   Wind stop mechanical vibration and pressure injection 6 Secondary dust have none 6 Remove other harmful gases none Can remove dioxin etc.

body function Harmful gas 7 Maintenance method Suspended maintenance Non-stop maintenance 8 footprint 300 160 m ² 9 equipment weight 372 200 t

It can be seen from the table that several important technical and economic indicators of the multi-functional electrostatic precipitator are superior to those of the ordinary plate horizontal electrostatic precipitator.

Claims (5)

1. multifunctional electric dust collector, comprise that top one side is provided with the casing (17) that air inlet flue (10), opposite side are provided with exhaust uptake (9), this casing (17) two ends are respectively equipped with two row electric precipitation chambers (15), it is characterized in that, air inlet flue (10) below is provided with efficient expansion chamber (1), pre-electric precipitation chamber (8) is positioned at efficient expansion chamber (1) below, efficient expansion chamber (1) and pre-electric precipitation chamber (8) are located at the centre of described two row electric precipitation chambers (15), and air inlet flue (10) communicates with efficient expansion chamber (1) by airflow uniform distribution device (19); Bottom half is provided with the ash bucket (14) that communicates with efficient expansion chamber (1) and pre-electric precipitation chamber (8), and ash bucket (14) communicates with electric precipitation chamber (15) bottom ash buckets (12) by normally open valve (5); Ash bucket (12) communicates with electric precipitation chamber (15) by airflow uniform distribution device (11); Top, described electric precipitation chamber (15) is provided with blowing-out valve (6) and communicates with air-purifying chamber (7), and air-purifying chamber is provided with activated carbon in (7); Described air-purifying chamber (7) communicates with exhaust uptake (9).

2. multifunctional electric dust collector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electric precipitation chamber (15) and pre-indoor two rows of gathering dust (21,22) and the corona discharge electrode (2) of being provided with of electric precipitation, two rows of gathering dust (21,22) activity surrounds the criss-cross exhaust gases passes, and corona discharge electrode (2) is arranged in the criss-cross exhaust gases passes.

3. multifunctional electric dust collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described electric precipitation chamber (15) is independent mutually, is respectively equipped with blowing-out valve (6) and normally open valve (5).

4. multifunctional electric dust collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the top of described air-purifying chamber (7) is provided with maintenance cover plate (18).

5. multifunctional electric dust collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described pre-electric precipitation chamber (8) is provided with access door up and down.

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