CN101117792A - 大跨度连续钢桁拱的架设方法 - Google Patents
大跨度连续钢桁拱的架设方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101117792A CN101117792A CNA2007100530099A CN200710053009A CN101117792A CN 101117792 A CN101117792 A CN 101117792A CN A2007100530099 A CNA2007100530099 A CN A2007100530099A CN 200710053009 A CN200710053009 A CN 200710053009A CN 101117792 A CN101117792 A CN 101117792A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pier
- purlin
- steel
- erection
- truss
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000725 suspensions Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002493 climbing Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002965 ropes Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 9
- CWFOCCVIPCEQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorfenapyr Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
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Abstract
大跨度连续钢桁拱的架设方法，系在大跨度连续钢桁拱桥施工中，以桥梁墩身为基础，设置墩旁托架，在墩旁托架上安装墩顶数个节间的钢桁，形成双悬臂架设体系。在墩顶的桁上安装全回转架梁吊机，逐根安装桁杆。悬臂达一定程度后，设置水平索或者是多层吊索塔架和斜拉索，维持该双悬臂体系继续向前延伸直至合龙。
Description
大跨度连续钢桁拱的架设方法技术领域本发明涉及一种桥梁的钢桁拱架设方法。具体而言就是以桥梁墩身为基础， 设置墩旁托架，在墩旁托架上安装墩顶数个节间的钢桁，形成双悬臂架设体系。 在墩顶的桁上安装全回转架梁吊机，逐根安装桁杆。悬臂达一定程度后，设置 水平索或者是多层吊索塔架和斜拉索，维持该双悬臂体系继续向前延伸直至合 龙。背景技术传统的钢桁拱进行悬臂架设时， 一般在每个拱脚处设置单层吊索塔架辅助 钢桁悬臂施工，以调整钢桁拱施工中的内力和位移，最后通过钢桁的顶落来实 现钢桁拱合龙。对于结构跨度大、杆件重、合龙口多、安装精度要求高、施工 技术复杂的大跨度连续钢桁拱桥。以往通过设置单层吊索塔架辅助悬臂施工的 方法已不能满足施工中的应力要求，而传统的通过顶落梁实现主拱合龙的方法 也由于支座反力太大而难以实现。发明内容本发明的目的是针对传统钢桁拱架设方法的不足以及大跨度连续钢桁拱的 结构特点，提供一种通过设置墩旁托架，在墩旁托架上安装墩顶数个节间的钢 桁，形成双悬臂架设体系，待悬臂达一定程度后，设置水平索或者是多层吊索 塔架和斜拉索，维持该双悬臂体系继续向前延伸直至合龙的大跨度钢桁拱的架设方法。大跨度连续钢桁拱架设方法，其特征在于钢桁拱的杆件悬臂拼装中采用多层吊索塔架6和水平拉索7辅助来调整钢桁内力和变形，实现钢桁拱的双悬臂 安装，直至合龙。对于是在完全对称的两联拱的中间墩上进行钢桁拱双悬臂拼装时，通过设
置多层水平拉索7来调整钢桁内力和变形，比传统吊索塔架法方法大为节省。在钢桁拱其它主墩上的钢桁双悬臂拼装时，通过设置多层吊索塔架6辅助来调 整钢桁拱内力和变形。吊索塔架6设于拱脚位置对应的钢桁梁上弦节点上，在 拼装时与钢桁临时固接，在张拉斜拉索后与钢桁铰接。在钢桁拱悬臂架设过程 中，每隔两个或三个节间便挂一层斜拉索及水平索并张拉，直至达到合龙条件。 拱脚上的钢桁双悬臂拼装时，需设置墩旁托架5，以抵抗施工不平衡力的作 用。该墩旁托架5设有可调措施，在安装完数个起始节间后，调整钢桁水平方 向线型，之后墩旁托架5与钢桁拱固接，直至拆除。 大跨度连续钢桁拱架设施工步骤如下-(1) 安装临时支墩l，利用墩旁吊机在临时支墩1上安装起始节间钢桁2， 在钢桁上拼装架梁吊机3，之后往主桥跨中方向悬臂拼装钢桁。(2) 利用浮吊4安装主墩墩旁托架5，在托架上安装起始节间钢桁2。(3) 利用墩旁吊机在主墩拱顶钢桁上对称安装2台爬行架梁吊机3，爬行架 梁吊机3双悬臂安装钢桁。(4) 通过调整边墩支座高程，依次合龙两侧边跨钢桁。(5) 两侧边跨钢桁调整。(6) 安装主墩顶吊索塔架6和水平拉索7，随着钢桁向前架设延伸，分次挂 索并张拉。(7) 至主拱合龙前，进行调索，依次合龙主拱。(8) 拆除墩旁托架5，解除各个支座的纵桥向临时约束，逐渐放松索力，依 次合龙主拱系杆。(9) 继续放松索力，拆除吊索塔架6，完成桥面铺装。 本架梁方法可使大跨度钢桁拱架设施工更加经济、便捷、安全可靠，其主要特点是：(1)设置可以调节的墩旁托架，以安装墩顶起始几个节间的桁。墩旁托架 能够使桁在架设过程中的双悬臂体系始终保持平衡，并能适时调节已架设桁的 空间位置。
(2) 通过设置多层吊索塔架和多层水平拉索来调节桁的内力和变形，相对 于传统的单层吊索塔架方法更加经济、高效。
(3) 利用已架设桁的杆件设置临时提升站，便于从桁下提升重物，配合桁 的架设。
附图说明
图la钢桁拱安装布置典型示意图(边跨合龙前状态）
图lb钢桁拱安装布置典型示意图（主跨合龙前状态）
图2a中主墩提升站构造图（侧视图）
图2b中主墩提升站构造图（主视图）
图3a非对称双悬臂架设时主墩墩旁托架构造图
图3b完全对称双悬臂架设时主墩墩旁托架构造图 图3c-I，
图3c-I'托架连接口竖向起顶主视图及俯视图 图3c-II，
图3c-II'托架连接口水平起顶主视图及俯视图
图3c-m,图3c-nr托架连接口锁定主视图及俯视图
图4吊索塔架构造图
图5〜图13钢桁梁安装施工步骤图
图中：l-临时支墩，2-起始节间钢桁，3-爬梁架梁吊机，4-浮吊，5-墩旁托 架，6-吊索塔架，7-水平拉索，8-吊挂梁提升站，9-塔吊，10-提升站，ll-合 龙口， 12-托架顶节，13-托架分离口， 14-托架底节，15-竖向500t千斤顶，16-水平200t千斤顶，17-上锚箱，18-下锚箱，19-锚固区联结系，20-联结桁架，21-联结横撑，22-销轴
具体实施方式
大跨度连续钢桁拱架设施工方法主要由：边跨钢桁梁安装、墩旁托架5安装、
吊索塔架6、主跨钢桁拱安装、合龙组成。1、 边跨钢桁梁安装钢桁的安装从墩①开始，从墩①向墩②方向在临时支墩1上安装起始节间钢桁2，并在已经架设好的钢桁上拼装架梁吊机3，架梁吊机3开始向墩②方向架梁。 架设到达墩②顶后全悬臂安装，直到墩②与墩③间的钢桁合龙口11。墩©旁设 置钢桁杆件提升站IO，负责悬臂安装的杆件装车供应。2、 墩旁托架墩旁托架5分为底节和顶节两段，两节之间设置可调分离口13，在钢桁安装 阶段用钢垫块和连接板将分离口抄垫密实。托架底节14采用钢管混凝土立柱， 钢管立柱和墩身之间，以及钢管柱之间设置联结系，形成墩旁托架5底节平台； 墩旁托架顶节12采用箱形杆件和墩顶起始节间钢桁2拱脚加劲弦预留出来的节 点板连为一体，在钢桁安装阶段可以看作是主跨钢桁的一部分。墩旁托架5底节 钢管立柱施工完毕后，对钢管柱进行平面位置和立柱顶高程精确测量，调整施 工误差，之后安装纵横向联结系，形成墩旁托架5底节平台。在立柱顶安装钢垫 块，安装托架顶节杆件，并将托架顶节和底节之间的分离口临时锁定，之后安 装钢桁支座（支座均按设计位置安装）和墩顶起始节间钢桁2杆件。测量墩顶起 始节间钢桁2高程、中线偏差，解除分离口的临时锁定，在托架底节顶托盘上安 装千斤顶设备，精确调整钢桁中线和高程后，焊接钢板将分离口完全锁定。安 装架梁吊机3，拼装完剩余节段钢桁。主墩墩旁托架5构造见图3。主墩承台、墩身施工过程，确保托架预埋件位置的正确和质量。在承台预 埋板上精确测放托架底节立柱位置，利用浮吊4吊装立柱对位、焊接，确保立 柱的安装垂度。立柱安装完成之后，安装联结系，灌注混凝土。边跨钢桁合龙后解除墩③（墩©)之墩旁托架5与钢桁的连接。南、北主 拱合龙后解除墩④之墩旁托架5与钢桁的连接。解除托架时，在钢管立柱顶部 托盘上安装竖向千斤顶，起顶顶节托架上的反向牛腿，使分离口的连接板卸载
后逐个割除，抽出钢垫块，千斤顶卸载，拆除墩旁托架5。
3、吊索塔架
在完全对称的两联拱的中间墩（墩©)顶设置多层水平拉索7，在钢桁拱其 它主墩（墩③、墩©)设置多层吊索塔架6。斜拉索和水平索均采用高强度平行 钢丝，外包PE保护层。吊索塔架6构造见图4。
边跨合龙并进行钢桁调整之后，利用墩旁塔吊9拼装吊索塔架6，拼装时应 保证竖直，并辅以临时拉缆确保稳定，其过程如下：
① 用经纬仪校对吊索塔架6垂直度与直线度，调整合格后，拼装保持塔架顺 桥向稳定的下层支架。
② 塔吊9接高后，再吊装吊索塔架6—节标准节，将顺桥向一侧的下层支架 解除并接长拼装成上层支架、安装到位。之后再解除另一侧的下层支架并接长 拼装成上层支架、安装到位。
③ 再逐节拼装立柱直至顶部，塔吊9也随着塔架而升高，适时安装塔吊附着 设施，塔架的横向连接也随着主桁同时安装。注意每安装一个标准节，均应用 经纬仪校对其垂直度与直线度，并将螺栓上足拧紧。
挂索及张拉过程如下：
① 放索：吊索可在墩旁停泊的运索船上放索或置于梁面。
② 吊索塔端挂设：塔吊9吊装单根吊索，将塔端锚头喂入上锚箱中，在设计位置处戴上螺母及弧形垫圈。松开吊钩，塔吊吊装吊索下端至运索小车上，固 定好后，巻扬机牵引运索小车至锚箱小车处。
③ 前索戴帽：塔架竖直拼好后，安装后索牵引张拉设备(包括千斤顶，张拉 螺母，过渡套，牵引杆以及连接器，钢丝绳等）。用10t倒链将前索逐根拽出锚 箱戴帽，同时张拉后索牵引设备，以平衡水平力，控制塔顶位移，至此，前索 安装(戴帽)完毕，后索临时锚固。
④ 解除临时支撑架：先降低塔吊9，解除塔吊与塔架的附着，使塔架前后索 水平张力平衡，解除吊索塔架6两侧临时支撑架，使塔架底端形成铰接。⑤ 后索戴帽后索牵引杆戴帽锚固后，用两台千斤顶交替张拉牵引后索，每个锚箱同时用 2台千斤顶对称布置。张拉时，千斤顶要分阶段加载，不得一步到位。直至将锚 头引出锚箱，拧上螺母戴帽。再将千斤顶及牵引设备倒至其他后索上，将后索逐根张拉至螺母戴帽状态。⑥ 后索张拉当后索所有螺母均戴帽后，逐根对称、均匀张拉后索至螺母戴帽至设计位置。 在后索张拉过程中，前索索力随即增长。⑦ 前索张拉用千斤顶交替张拉每桁前索，拉时，千斤顶要分阶段加载，不得一步到位， 直至达到设计索力。4、主跨钢桁拱安装主墩墩顶起始节间钢桁2由浮吊4在墩旁托架5上安装，其正式支座均放在 设计位置。其中，墩③（墩©)顶各设多层吊索塔架6 —座，墩④顶设多层水 平拉索7，在跨中或跨中附近设置合龙口。主墩④在钢桁第四节间拱肋下弦设一 个吊挂梁提升站8，墩③（墩©)钢桁在边跨合龙前全部由船运至待架钢桁位置 下，由架梁吊机3从水面上起吊安装，边跨合龙后由边墩提升站上料，主墩④顶 钢桁杆件由船运至待架钢桁位置下，由架梁吊机3从水面上起吊安装。吊挂梁 提升站8构造见图2。(1) 墩③（墩©)边跨侧钢桁安装墩③（墩©)钢桁支座按设计位置安装，钢桁不进行抬高。在通过两台架梁 吊机3双悬臂架设过程中，应以保持墩顶两侧钢桁重量基本能够自平衡为原则， 确定中跨侧拼装的节间数目。(2) 墩③（墩©)中跨侧钢桁安装墩③（墩©)钢桁在边跨合龙后，对钢桁线型进行一次整体调整，调整完毕 后架梁吊机3继续向中跨侧安装钢桁，同时开始拼装吊索塔架6，之后往跨中方
向悬臂架设。在悬臂拼装过程中，分次挂设水平拉索7并张拉，直至主拱合龙□。(3)墩④顶钢桁安装利用水上浮吊4在墩旁托架5上安装完墩顶4个节间钢桁后，倒用墩③（墩 ©)边跨侧架梁吊机3进行钢桁双悬臂安装。在悬臂拼装过程中，分次挂设水 平拉索7并张拉，直至主拱合龙口。5、合龙钢桁拼装至合龙口后，实测合龙口水平距离和转角及高差，通过索力调整和 墩③（墩©)钢桁纵向微调，使合龙口两端节点的x (纵桥向位移）、z (竖向位 移）值及转角一致，然后完成主拱的合龙。
Claims (4)
1、大跨度连续钢桁拱的架设方法，其特征在于以主墩为基础，设置墩旁托架，安装墩顶起始几个节间的桁，进行完全对称的双悬臂架设桁时，采用多层水平拉索，实现结构体系自平衡，以主墩为基础进行双悬臂架设桁，当两边荷载不对称时，采用多层吊索塔架及拉索体系。
2、 根据权利要求1所述的桥梁的桁架设方法，其特征在于采用具有自行及 爬坡能力的全回转架梁吊机，安装在桥梁桁的上弦上。
3、 根据权利要求1所述的桥梁的桁架设方法，其特征在于多层吊索塔架设 于拱脚位置对应的钢桁梁上弦节点上，在拼装时与钢桁临时固接，在张拉斜拉 索后与钢桁铰接。
4、 根据权利要求1所述的桥梁的桁架设方法，其特征在于利用已架设桁的 杆件设置临时提升站，籍此提升桁下重物。
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