CN101116005A - Blind signal separation using correlated antenna elements - Google Patents
Blind signal separation using correlated antenna elements Download PDFInfo
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- CN101116005A CN101116005A CNA2005800320102A CN200580032010A CN101116005A CN 101116005 A CN101116005 A CN 101116005A CN A2005800320102 A CNA2005800320102 A CN A2005800320102A CN 200580032010 A CN200580032010 A CN 200580032010A CN 101116005 A CN101116005 A CN 101116005A
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Abstract
A communications device for separating source signals provided by M signal sources includes an antenna array comprising N elements for forming at least N antenna beams for receiving at least N different summations of the M source signals, with N and M being greater than 2. A controller is connected to the antenna array for selectively forming the at least N antenna beams. A blind signal separation processor forms a mixing matrix comprising up to the at least N different summations of the M source signals. The blind signal separation processor also determines if the different summations of the M source signals are correlated or statistically independent, and if not, then cooperates with the controller for forming different beams for receiving new different summations of the M source signals to replace the different summations of the M source signals that are not correlated or statistically independent in the mixing matrix. The desired source signals are separated from the mixing matrix by the blind signal separation processor.
Description
[technical field]
Present invention is directed to the signal Processing field.Particularly, present invention is directed to and use Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology, and then in the mixed source signal, separate the source signal that comes that obtains wanting.
[background technology]
Blind Signal Separation (BSS) comprises replys source signal in mixed signal, wherein, mixed signal system comprises the mixed source signal.This " Signal Separation " is " blind (blind) ", because the enforcement of this " Signal Separation " only can have signal, signal source usually, reach and transmit channel causes effect to signal limited information.
" dancing party of chicken tail " effect that a kind of example system is familiar with, that is: the dancing party member can obtain single voice from all separating in the voice within doors.Particularly, (BSS) separated in blind source can be applied to mobile phone and personal radio communication device, and when many frequency bands system fills up via various radiofrequency launchers, and various radiofrequency launchers system usually coexist as same frequency spectrum.In low-power, exempt to authorize wireless technology (such as: blue bud), and the development trend of other personal area network under, as if the problem of common channel transmitter between the coming years only can worsen more.
Three kinds of Blind Signal Separation commonly used (BSS) technology owner wants constituent analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), reaches single numerical value decomposition (SVD).It is first and second moment statistics (moment statistic) that comprises coming source signal that principal ingredient is analyzed (PCA), and principal ingredient analysis (PCA) is the higher situation of signal noise ratio (SNR) that can be applied to source signal.In addition, independent component analysis (ICA) is to use, and it is the 3rd and the 4th moment statistics (momentstatistic) that comprises principal ingredient analysis (PCA) processing and follow source signal.Perhaps, single numerical value decomposes (SVD) can be used, and separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting thus in the mixed source signal based on eigenwert.
No matter use which kind of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology, a plurality of inductors are to use, and then receive the incompatible source signal of different blended via various signals source.Each inductor system fails closes the mixed source signal, and it is unique summation of coming source signal.Generally speaking, channel coefficients and primary source signal both all do not known by receiver.Unique summation of coming source signal is to be used for filling up hybrid matrix.Subsequently, suitably Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology system can be applied to hybrid matrix, separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting thus in the mixed source signal.
In a kind of example, United States Patent (USP) number US6799170 system discloses a kind of method, and it is to use independent component analysis (ICA), separates obtaining independently coming source signal thus in the mixed source signal.A plurality of inductors are to receive the mixed source signal, and the processor time that ties up to goes up sampling mixed source signal and each sampling is saved as data vector to produce data acquisition.Each inductor system output mixed source signal, it is unique summation of coming source signal.Independent component analysis (ICA) module is the independent component analysis of implementation data vector, separates other signal that independently comes source signal and mixed source signal thus.
Inductor lies on the space separated from one another, and processor system produces single data vector and gives each inductor, produces data acquisition thus.In addition, United States Patent (USP) number US6799170 also discloses: inductor number N system is equal to or greater than source number M, that is: N 〉=M, fill up data acquisition thus.The problem of this embodiment is: when source number M increases, inductor N number also can with increase.Small-sized portable communication equipment exists available volume holding a large amount of inductor number N hardly, and, inductor is set also may causes the user to perplex in the portable communication equipment outside.
In view of this, United States Patent (USP) number US6931362 system discloses another kind of method, uses Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology thus, and then separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting.Blind Signal Separation (BSS) the technology system that discloses forms the hybrid matrix with mixed type matrix pen bundle adaptability array weights (hybrid matrix-pencil adaptive arrayweights), and the while is minimized based on the least squares error of victim emitter and Gaussian noise.Mixed type matrix pen bundle adaptability array weights (hybrid matrix-pencil adaptive arrayweights) can make Signal Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) minimize.Be similar to United States Patent (USP) number US6799170, inductor is also separated from one another on the space, and inductor number N system is equal to or greater than source number M, that is: N 〉=M, fill up hybrid matrix thus.In addition, each inductor system provides the single hybrid matrix that inputs to, and causes the larger volume of portable communication equipment thus.
[summary of the invention]
Because above-mentioned background, a purpose of the present invention is that a kind of communicator is provided, this kind communicator system comprises a small size antenna array, this small size antenna array system receives the mixed source signal and uses so that Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology to be provided, and separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting thus in the mixed source signal.
According to above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention, feature, and advantage system can provide via a kind of communicator, separate the source signal that comes that M signal originated to be provided thus, wherein, this communicator system comprises an antenna array, receives the different summations in M signal source thus.One receiver or receiver member system are connected to this antenna array, and a Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor system is connected to this receiver, forms a hybrid matrix thus.This hybrid matrix system comprises M the different summations of coming source signal that this antenna array receives.Subsequently, this Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor system separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting in this hybrid matrix.
The different summations that M signal is provided with respect to the inductor that separates on the application space are to form this hybrid matrix, and small size antenna array system can use.In view of this, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology system can be applied to portable communication equipment, because this antenna array system can provide more than one group to input to this hybrid matrix, and can keep small-sized volume simultaneously.
Particularly, this antenna array system can comprise N connection antenna module, receives M N at least different summations of coming source signal thus, and wherein, N and M system are greater than one.This Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor system can form this hybrid matrix, wherein, this hybrid matrix system comprise M come source signal up to N different summations at least.This hybrid matrix is can have to equal the order number (rank) of N at least.
Antenna module number system can equal the signal number of originating, that is: N=M.Perhaps, antenna module number system can be greater than the source signal number, that is: N＞M.In another kind of framework, this mixed moment rank of matrix number (rank) is to equal K, wherein, K＜N, and the separation in this hybrid matrix of this Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor system obtains M and comes K of source signal to come source signal.
N connection antenna module system can comprise N active antenna, and by this, antenna array system can form the phase place array.Perhaps, N connection antenna module system can comprise at least one active antenna, reach up to (N-1) individual passive antenna element, and by this, antenna array system can form switched beam antenna.
When receiving M different summation of coming source signal, be possible produce difference between field pattern and wave beam.In this example, antenna array system can form N antenna beam at least, receives M N at least different summations of coming source signal thus, wherein, each antenna beam has the 3dB point of maximum gain point below, and then the signal refusal of an arriving signal at least one direction is provided.In another kind of example, antenna array system forms at least one antenna patterns illustrated, receive M at least one summation of coming N different summations of source signal thus, wherein, at least one antenna patterns illustrated is the 3dB point with maximum gain point below substantially, and therefore the signal refusal of an arriving signal in any direction also can't be provided.
M comes each summation anchor line (string) of source signal.This Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor system can be based on principal ingredient analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), and the single numerical value at least a technology of decomposing (SVD), and then separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting in this hybrid matrix certainly.
Another kind of feature of the present invention is relevant for a kind of method, and the communicator of the previous definition of this kind method system operation separates the source signal that comes that M signal originated to be provided thus.This method is to comprise: use antenna array and receive M N at least different summations of coming source signal, wherein, antenna array is to comprise N connection antenna module, and N and M system are greater than one.M is come N at least different summations of source signal is to provide to receiver.Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor system handles M N at least the different summations of coming source signal that receiver receives.The processing of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor system can comprise: form a hybrid matrix, this hybrid matrix comprise M come source signal up to N different summations at least, and, separate the source signal that comes that obtains wanting certainly in this hybrid matrix.This hybrid matrix is can have to equal the order number (rank) of N at least.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of typical operation situation of the present invention, and wherein, communicator system receives via the individual signal source and wants and undesired signal;
Fig. 2 is the thin portion calcspar of expression communicator shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the planning chart of expression according to means of different of the present invention, produces the linear independent summation of coming source signal of hybrid matrix thus;
Fig. 4 is the calcspar of expression according to antenna array of the present invention, and wherein, the antenna array system structure is a switched beam antenna;
Fig. 5 is the calcspar of expression according to antenna array of the present invention, and wherein, the antenna array system structure is the phase place array;
Fig. 6 is the calcspar of expression according to antenna array of the present invention, and wherein, the antenna array system structure has the polarity antenna module;
Fig. 7 is the schematic three dimensional views that expression is used according to three polarity of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of communicator of the present invention, and wherein, this kind communicator cording has an antenna array, and, this antenna array system comprises connection and non-connection antenna module, provides the different summations of source signal thus, and then provides Blind Signal Separation (BSS) to handle application;
Fig. 9 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of communicator of the present invention, and wherein, this kind communicator system provides the different summations of source signal thus based on array deflection (deflection) operation, and then provides Blind Signal Separation (BSS) to handle application;
Figure 10 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of switched beam antenna of the present invention, and wherein, this kind switched beam antenna cording has height (elevation) controller, optionally changes the height (elevation) of an antenna patterns illustrated thus;
Figure 11 is the antenna synoptic diagram of a kind of antenna patterns illustrated of expression, wherein, this kind antenna patterns illustrated system is (azimuth) direction along the orientation, and subsequently, this kind antenna patterns illustrated is to rotate along height (elevation) direction based on height shown in Figure 9 (elevation) controller;
Figure 12 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of antenna module of the present invention, and wherein, this kind antenna module cording has a radio frequency (RF) anti-current, and this radio frequency (RF) anti-current system is formed at ground, thus along height (elevation) direction rotating antenna field pattern;
Figure 13 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of communicator of the present invention, and wherein, this kind communicator system provides the different summations of source signal thus based on the routing operation, and then provides Blind Signal Separation (BSS) to handle application;
Figure 14 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of communicator of the present invention, and wherein, this kind communicator system provides the different summations of source signal thus based on spread spectrum number (spreading code) operation, and then provides Blind Signal Separation (BSS) to handle application;
Figure 15 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of communicator of the present invention, and wherein, this kind communicator system provides the extra summation of source signal thus based on homophase (I) and the operation of quadrature (Q) signal content, and then provides Blind Signal Separation (BSS) to handle application;
Figure 16 is the thin portion calcspar of expression a kind of homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) module, and wherein, this kind homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) module system are connected to antenna module shown in Figure 15;
Figure 17 is the calcspar that expression a kind of multi-input multi according to the present invention is exported (MIMO) system, and wherein, system of this kind multi-input multi output (MIMO) system operates based on the field pattern diversity;
Figure 18 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of fourier transform communication system of the present invention, and wherein, this kind fourier transform communication system system can tackle mutual symbol-interference (ISI);
Figure 19 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of communication system of the present invention, and wherein, a transmitter is to change the power level of each minute sheaf space crossfire (layered space stream) based on a time slot;
Figure 20 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of communication system of the present invention, and wherein, fluctuation field pattern system can support to transfer to a plurality of transmitters of same wireless network base station (AP);
Figure 21 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of receiver of the present invention, and wherein, this kind receiver system can make and handle and the power absorption optimization;
Figure 22 is the calcspar of expression receiver shown in Figure 21, and wherein, the operation of this kind receiver system is coordinated in a transmitter;
Figure 23 is the synoptic diagram of expression according to transmission field pattern profile of the present invention, and wherein, these transmission field pattern profile systems fluctuate in the known sequential of a receiver;
Figure 24 be expression according to time shaft of the present invention, wherein, during the symbol cording have 12 unusual fluctuations (that is: 12 breach), and variable parameter system keeps is fixed in four breach;
Figure 25 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of receiver of the present invention, and wherein, this kind receiver system is applied to a plurality of spaces independent channel;
Figure 26 is the calcspar of expression according to a kind of receiver decoding link of the present invention; And
Figure 27 to 30 is the synoptic diagram of expression amplitude with respect to frequency, and wherein, each amplitude is corresponding to node A, B shown in Figure 26, D, reaches E with respect to the synoptic diagram of frequency.
[embodiment]
Now, the present invention will use preferred embodiment, cooperate appended diagram to be described in detail as follows.Yet the present invention can also be implemented on many multi-form, and should not be defined in preferred embodiment of the present invention.With respect to this, providing of these preferred embodiments only is to make the exposure of the present invention can be thorough and complete, and then conveys to the personage who has the knack of this technical field fully.In addition, in preferred embodiment of the present invention, similar number system expression same components, and the expression of apostrophe system substitutes the similar assembly of preferred embodiment.
In communication network, the wanting of specific communication devices comes source signal system to exist, and, operate in same frequency band other communicator want come source signal also may exist.In addition, noise source also can exist simultaneously, still can not received by the individual communication device though it can not produce the signal that is applied to communicate by letter.
For promoting the important decoding that comes source signal, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology system can use, and separates the source signal that comes that the specific communication devices desire receives thus.As discussed previously, term " blind " is expression: in ideal example, come source signal system to separate, and do not need to know the characteristic of source signal or based on coming the interactive conversion that is caused between source signal and communication channel.In actual applications, any knowledge that provides all can be used.In view of this, in this example, Signal Separation system is blind (semi-blind) not exclusively.
Three kinds of common technologies system of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology comprises: principal ingredient analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), and single numerical value decompose (SVD).As long as come the part of source signal can measure feature system independently, and, as long as come the summation of source signal be each other linearity independently, single or multiple Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology system can use, and separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting thus in the mixed source signal.Generally speaking, can measure feature is the first, second, third or the 4th moment of coming source signal.
It is that bleaching comes source signal, uses first and second moment and based on the set of connection characteristic spin data that principal ingredient is analyzed (RCA).If come the signal noise ratio of source signal higher, signal separation process system can stop at principal ingredient analysis (PCA).
If come the signal noise of source signal lower, independent component analysis (ICA) is can be based on the statistical attribute of the 3rd and the 4th moment of coming source signal, and then separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting.Distribute owing to come source signal system to present Gauss (Guassian), first and second moment is depended in the 3rd and the 4th moment system.Except principal ingredient analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA), single numerical value decomposes (SVD) can also be based on eigenwert (eigenvalue), and then separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting in the mixed source signal.
Fig. 1 is a kind of typical scenarios of expression, and wherein, a plurality of signals source 20 is to use, and then transmission comes source signal 22.Coming source signal 22 is that the direction of 20 the connection antenna beam 24 along individual signal source is transmitted.A plurality of signals source 20 is to comprise first signal source 20 (1) to M signal source, 20 (M).Similarly, coming source signal system to be expressed as first individually comes source signal 22 (1) to M to come source signal 22 (M).In communication network, the more intuition embodiment with omni-directional antenna field pattern and directive antenna field pattern form can also be used.
In communicator 30, antenna array 32 be reception via the linear combination that comes source signal 22 in signal source 20 (that is: the mixed source signal).Antenna array 32 is to comprise a plurality of antenna modules 34, and wherein, each antenna module system provides at least one linear combination that comes source signal 22 via signal source 20.Antenna module 34 cordings have first antenna module 34 (1) to N antenna module 34 (N).
At first, receipt source signal 22 (1) to 22 (M) is to form hybrid matrix 36.Then, communicator 30 is to use Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology with decision separation matrix 38, and then separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting in hybrid matrix.Separation signal system is expressed as number 39.
It is as follows that the communicator that comes source signal 30 that separating M signal source 20 (1) to 20 (M) provides will cooperate Fig. 2 to further describe.Antenna array 32 is to comprise N antenna module 34 (1) to 34 (N), receive thus M come source signal up to N different summations, wherein, N and M system are greater than one.Antenna array 32 does not need to be defined in any certain architectures.Antenna array 32 is to comprise single or multiple antenna module 34.Respective antenna assembly 34 is suitable framework, and by this, antenna array 32 is to form, for instance, phase place array or switched beam antenna, it will further describe as follows.
These single or multiple Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing module systems comprise principal ingredient analysis (PCA) module 44, independent component analysis (ICA) module 46, reach single numerical value decomposition (SVD) module 48.These single or multiple Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing modules 44,46, and 48 be suitable framework, constitute the part of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 49 thus.Principal ingredient analysis (PCA) module 44 is first and second moment operation based on the different summations of receipt source signal, and with respect to this, independent component analysis (ICA) module 46 is the 3rd and the 4th moment operation based on the different summations of receipt source signal.In addition, single numerical value decomposition (SVD) module 48 is to implement Signal Separation based on the eigenwert (eigenvalue) of the different summations of receipt source signal.
At first, the connection processing that principal ingredient analysis (PCA) module 44 is implemented is the separation matrix 38 (1) that begins that opens that determines the different summations of receipt source signal, and subsequently, independent component analysis (ICA) module 46 is that separation matrix 38 (2) is strengthened in decision, separates the source signal that comes that obtains wanting thus in hybrid matrix 36.Decompose 48 separation of (SVD) module if come source signal system to use single numerical value, separation matrix 38 (3) can also determine, separates the different summations that obtain the receipt source signal thus in hybrid matrix 36.
Via individual separation matrix 38 (1) to 38 (3), separation signal system is expressed as number 39.Subsequently, separation signal 39 is can use signal analyse block 50 to carry out signal analysis, determines that thus those signals are that signal of interest and those signals are undesired signal.Using related process module 52 is the signal of processing signals analysis module 50 outputs.
Those signals are the last signal that the decision of signal of interest may not can comprise desire decoding all the time.For instance, several applications system may need to discern interference source and with its in the different summations of receipt source signal, leave out, signal feed-in waveform code translator after will leaving out interference source more subsequently.In this example, the signal of the final refusal of signal of interest system.
The information that the feed-in principal ingredient is analyzed (PCA) module 44 is distinct signal summation x
jSuppose N linear hybrid x of M independent component
1..., x
NSystem is expressed as follows:
x
1(t)＝a
11s
1(t)+...a
1ks
k(t)+...a
1Ms
M(t)
...
x
j(t)＝a
j1s
1(t)+...a
jks
k(t)+...a
jMs
M(t)
...
x
N(t)＝a
N1s
1(t)+...a
Nks
k(t)+...a
NMs
M(t)
Generally speaking, transceiver 40 and have no way of learning channel coefficients a
JkAnd original signal s
kApplication matrix representation, above-mentioned equation are to simplify and to be rewritten as x=As, and wherein, A is a hybrid matrix.Model x=As can also be called independent component analysis (ICA) model on the statistics.Known techniques system attempts finding the reverse matrix (inverse) of channel, that is: s=A
-1X.
Independent component analysis (ICA) module 46 is to determine separation matrix W, and, y=W (As)=Wx.Vector y cording has the subclass of the s of blind order and convergent-divergent change.If all signal is inseparable, the common version system of vectorial y can be expressed as y=W (As)+Wn=Wx+Wn, and wherein, extra n term system is represented based on the residual noise that can't discern the source.
Independent component analysis (ICA) model system produces model, that is: it is how via ingredient s that observed data is described by independent component analysis (ICA) model system
kHybrid processing produce.Independent component is a latent variable, that is: independent component also can't Direct observation be learnt.In addition, hybrid matrix A system is assumed to blind matrix.From the above, only there is random vector x system can Direct observation to learn that with respect to this, A and s all are based on the predicted value of x.
The hypothesis independent component s of starting point system of independent component analysis (ICA)
kOn system's meter independently.In addition, independent component s
kAlso hypothesis has the signal of Gaussian distribution (Guassian distribution) at the most." signal of Gaussian distribution (Guassian distribution) " restriction system equals zero based on the 3rd moment of Gauss (Guassian) signal and identification is had no way of in the fact of Gauss (Guassian) signal by the 4th moment system.
For the sake of simplicity, blind hybrid matrix A is assumed to be square (square) matrix.By this, the number of independent component system equals to observe the number of mixed signal.Yet the restriction of this hypothesis sometimes can also be removed.As long as signal s
kSpecific the measurement be characterized as on the statistics independently, separation matrix W system can determine.
The order number (rank) of hybrid matrix A is the source signal number that decision can actual separation.For instance, order number (rank) is that four hybrid matrix is to represent that can separate four comes source signal.In theory, the order number (rank) of hybrid matrix A should equal signal source number M at least.Order number (rank) is bigger, and that can separate comes source signal also the more.When signal source number M increases, need the antenna module number also can with increase.In background of invention, United States Patent (USP) number US6799170 and US6931362 all disclose: the antenna module number N should be equal to or greater than signal source number M, that is: N 〉=M, otherwise Signal Separation promptly should be used other technology that is different from Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology.
Produce the non-connection inductor of a kind of industrial standard system's application of the linear independent summation of source signal, that is: each inductor is at least one wavelength of each interval.This wavelength system is based on the operating frequency of communicator 30.N inductor is non-connection on the space, but then has connection on polarity and angle.N non-connection inductor is N the summation that linear independent signal is provided, and wherein, each inductor system provides the unitem of hybrid matrix A.
Fig. 3 is planning chart or the general introduction figure of expression according to means of different of the present invention, produces the linear independent summation of coming source signal of hybrid matrix A thus.After brief prompting, various means will further describe as follows.
First section system of planning chart proposes antenna frame.Square 100 is the non-connection inductor of expression, and wherein, each inductor system provides the single hybrid matrix A that inputs to.Square 102 is the non-connection antenna array of expression, and wherein, non-connection antenna array is that a plurality of inputs are provided, and then fills up hybrid matrix A.In addition, square 104 is also represented antenna array, wherein, the part of antenna module system connection, and respective antenna assembly cording has opposed polarity, fills up hybrid matrix A thus.The various combination system of square 100,102, the inductors that reach 104 propositions and antenna array can use square 106 combinations, further fills up the hybrid matrix A of square 106 thus.
The reinforcement of the antenna frame that second section system proposition first block of planning chart provides.These are strengthened system and can implement, the extra or alternative summation of the source signal of collecting thus and further fill up hybrid matrix A.Square 108 is to comprise array deflection (deflection) operation, and wherein, the height of antenna patterns illustrated (elevation) is to change, and then the extra summation of receipt source signal.Any combination of square 106 is the square 108 that can be applied to carry out array deflection (deflection) operation.
In square 110, routing system can carry out, and makes the whole summations of coming source signal that are applied to fill up hybrid matrix A all can exist connection (first and second moment) and/or statistics to go up independent (the 3rd and the 4th moment) thus.In other words, incoming signal system can optionally select, and then substitutes and do not have on connection and/or the statistics independently summation.Square 110 is can feed-in square 106 and any combination of square 108.In addition, square 108 and square 110 are direct feed-in hybrid matrix square 116.
The 3rd section system of planning chart proposes signal segmentation, further fills up the hybrid matrix A of square 106 thus.For instance, square 112 is to use spread spectrum number (spreading code) to cut apart different summations.If summation signals has k spread spectrum number (spreading code), this specific summation signals is to handle, and then k connection summation signals is provided.Spread spectrum number (spreading code) be can cooperate square 106,108, and 110 output merge application.Square 114 is different summation signals to be divided into homophase (I) composition and quadrature (Q) composition, further fills up hybrid matrix A thus.By this, homophase (I) composition and quadrature (Q) composition system can be as the multiplier two that loses matrix, and, homophase (I) composition and quadrature (Q) composition system can cooperate square 106,108,110, and 112 output merge application.
The last section of planning chart is the hybrid matrix A of expression square 116 formation.Shown in planning chart, based on previous described any square, the different summations that source signal can fill up in hybrid matrix A system.The advantage of the antenna array framework of first section is: small size antenna array system can form, and then fills up hybrid matrix A.The advantage of the antenna array framework of second section and the 3rd section is: N antenna module (wherein, antenna module number N system is less than source signal number M) is to use, and then uses M of source signal or more a plurality of different summations to fill up hybrid matrix A.
Based on the antenna frame shown in the planning chart, a kind of antenna array can further be discussed in detail as follows, and wherein, this kind antenna array system comprises N connection antenna module, receive M N at least different summations of coming source signal thus, and wherein, N and M system are greater than one.In a kind of preferred embodiment, this antenna array system switched beam antenna 140 as shown in Figure 4.
Switched beam antenna 140 is to produce a plurality of antenna patterns illustrated, comprising: directive antenna field pattern and omni-directional antenna field pattern.Switched beam antenna 140 cordings have an active antenna 142 and a pair of passive antenna element 144.The actual number system of active antenna 142 and passive antenna element 144 can change to some extent according to the application of wanting.Please refer to U.S. patent application case number 11/065752, it is further going through of switched beam antenna array.This piece U.S. patent application case and present application for patent cording have common assignee, and holding system within this piece U.S. patent application case can provide the present application for patent reference.
Each passive antenna element 144 is to comprise first half 144a and Lower Half 144b.The first half 144a system of passive antenna element 144 is connected to ground 146 via reaction equation load 148.Reaction equation load 148 is a variable reactance, and it is to use variodenser (varactor), transmission line or switching to change the capacitor and inductor ratio.Via change reaction equation load 148, radiation field pattern system can change.Because switched antenna assembly 140 cordings have two passive antenna element, four kinds of different antennae field pattern systems can form.
Three kinds of antenna patterns illustrated systems can use before four kinds of different antennae field patterns, and then receive distinct signal summation x
jThe 4th kind of antenna patterns illustrated of four kinds of different antennae field patterns is the linear combination of other three kinds of antenna patterns illustrated, and therefore, the 4th kind of antenna patterns illustrated system can't be as the project of hybrid matrix A.Hence one can see that, uses three kinds of antenna modules, three kinds of distinct signal summation x
jSystem can import hybrid matrix A.The advantage of switched beam antenna is: use three antenna modules 142 and 144, order number (rank) is that three hybrid matrix system can support.
In another kind of preferred embodiment, this antenna array is to comprise N connection active antenna, makes this antenna array can form phase place array 160 thus, as shown in Figure 5.Phase place array 160 is to comprise a plurality of active antenna 162 and be coupled to a weights Control Component 164 more than the active antenna.Weights Control Component 164 is amplitude and/or a phase place of adjusting received signal, forms mixed-beam thus.
Dispenser/combiner 166 and controller 168 are to be connected to weights Control Component 164.Please refer to United States Patent (USP) number US6473036, it is to further describe this active phase place array 160.This piece United States Patent (USP) and present application for patent cording have common assignee, and holding system within this piece United States Patent (USP) can provide the present application for patent reference.
The number system of driving component 162 supports to have the hybrid matrix A of identical order number (rank).Even signal source number M system equals the driving component number N, that is: M=N, this active phase place array 160 still can be kept small-sized, because, compared to the known techniques of using non-connection antenna module (non-connection antenna module each interval is greater than a wavelength), driving component 162 is to have connection on space and polarity.
In other preferred embodiment, the order number (rank) of hybrid matrix A be can equal K (wherein, K＜N), by this, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 49 is can separate to obtain M and come K of source signal to come source signal in hybrid matrix A.In other preferred embodiment, it will further describe as follows, and N can also be greater than M.
No matter in switched beam antenna 140 or phased antenna 160, respective antenna assembly 142,144, and 146 distance all can suitably set, allow that thus desirable portion front portion afterwards is than (back to front ratio).This be typical case based on: these antenna array to use promptly be the signal refusing not want (that is: the back arrives), and strengthen the signal wanted (that is: anterior arrival).
Yet in order to set up hybrid matrix, the present invention's main target system produces the unlike signal summation.In fact, signal of interest may be lower than interference source, and still separated the going out of this application all the time.Based on the significant difference of purpose, the distance between antenna module does not need to have specific interval.
Antenna module system is can mutual distance farther or nearer, and antenna module system can use it " bad " anterior posterior of known techniques and produce field pattern than (front to back ratio), and still is appropriate to the application of hybrid matrix.In fact, in Blind Signal Separation (BSS) was used, this field pattern was normally very a large amount of.Because using " well " anterior posterior is to need the trace signals direction than (front to back ratio), keep the anterior signal of wanting that points to thus, and/or, keep the rear portion thus and point to interference source.With respect to this, be applied to that all directions there are differences but still have the field pattern of remarkable gain, sort signal is followed the trail of system no longer to be needed.
Antenna beam can be defined as the 3dB with maximum gain point below, and the signal refusal of arriving signal at least one direction is provided thus.Similarly, antenna beam can also be defined as the 3dB that does not have maximum gain point below substantially, and therefore the signal refusal of arriving signal in any direction can't be provided.
In many application, the deviation of the specific range between antenna module (deviation) is significantly to reduce the size of integrated antenna array.In other was used, the distance between antenna module can also increase, and the extra that relax the tracking problem thus, also increases is to a certain degree gone connection (decorrelation).
In another kind of preferred embodiment, antenna array 180 is to comprise N antenna module, receives N at least different summations of M source signal thus, as shown in Figure 6.There is connection at least two antenna module 182a, 182b systems of N antenna module and has opposed polarity, receive M at least two summations of coming N different summations of source signal thus, and wherein, N and M system are greater than one.
In antenna array 180, can there be connection in other antenna module 184a, 184b system or have connection with antenna module 182a, 182b.Even another is adding to polarity antenna module 184a, 184b, these antenna assembly system can have identical polar on the contrary.In addition, also may there be connection in these antenna assembly each other.
The opposed polarity system of antenna module 182a, 182b may be orthogonal.In another kind of preferred embodiment, except antenna module 182a, 182b, antenna array 180 cordings have third antenna assembly 182c, support three polarity thus and receive M three kinds of different summations of coming source signal.
Following further going through is to support to use polarity to fill up hybrid matrix A.Antenna module 182a, the 182b of three kinds of opposed polarities, 182c system receives the signal summation of three kinds of linearities and independence.The definition of x shown in Figure 7, y, z axle and pass link and can use.For instance, following pass links existence:
x＝Scos(θ)sin(φ)
y＝Ssin(θ)sin(φ)
z＝Scos(φ)
In order to simplify mathematical operation, this preferred embodiment system hypothesis: the signal cording have linear polarity, signal anchor line (string) independent, and three linear antenna assemblies systems be present in each orthogonal axes respectively.For instance, antenna module 182a system is present in the x axle, antenna module 182b system is present in the y axle and antenna module 182c system is present in the z axle.
In each orthogonal axes, mathematical operation system can significantly simplify via three the linear antenna assembly 182a in location, 182b, 182c.In actual deployment, antenna module 182a, 182b, 182c do not need strict orthogonal, and antenna module 182a, 182b, 182c also do not need intersection in certain common ground.Remove the inefficacy that this hypothesis can't cause common conclusions, with respect to this, removing this hypothesis will only can change the situation that order number (rank) deficiency occurs.
Following definition is to use, and wherein, numeric suffix system represents signal 1, signal 2, reaches the connection of signal 3:
S
1, S
2, S
3: the signal that is incident to antenna module;
θ
1, θ
2, θ
3: the XY plane electric fields angle of signal;
φ
1, φ
2, φ
3: the Z axle electric field angle of signal; And
X
x, X
y, X
z: the dot-product that is incident to the signal summation of antenna module.
In view of this, vector element system is expressed as:
x y z
Assembly " x ": 100
Assembly " y ": 010
Assembly " z ": 001
cos(θ
1)sin sin(θ
1)sin
S
1Coefficient: cos (φ
1)
(φ
1) (φ
1)
cos(θ
2)sin sin(θ
2)sin
S
2Coefficient: cos (φ
2)
(φ
2) (φ
2)
cos(θ
3)sin sin(θ
3)sin
S
3Coefficient: cos (φ
3)
(φ
3) (φ
3)
Calculate the dot-product of each antenna module and signal, (XY=x
1y
1+ x
2y
2+ x
3y
3) be that each antenna module of decision adds in a word E field composition relatively.These numerical value systems can use, and then produce hybrid matrix:
X
x cos(θ
1)sin(φ
1) cos(θ
2)sin(φ
2) cos(θ
3)sin(φ
3) X
x
[Y
y]＝[sin(θ
1)sin(φ
1) sin(θ
2)sin(φ
2) sin(θ
3)sin(φ
3)] [Y
y]
Z
z cos(φ
1) cos(φ
2) cos(φ
3) Z
z
Wherein,
X
x
det [Y
y]
Z
z
＝cos(θ
1)sin(φ
1)sin(θ
2)sin(φ
2)cos(φ
3)+cos(θ
2)sin(φ
2)sin(θ3)sin(φ
3)cos(φ
1)+cos(θ
3)sin(φ
3)sin(θ1)sin(φ
1)cos(φ
2)-cos(φ
1)sin(θ
2)sin(φ
2)cos(θ
3)sin(φ
3)-cos(φ
2)sin(θ
3)sin(φ
3)cos(θ
1)sin(φ
1)-cos(φ
3)sin(θ
1)sin(φ1)cos(θ
2)sin(φ
2)
＝cos(θ
1)sin(θ
2)sin(φ
1)sin(φ
2)cos(φ
3)+cos(θ
2)sin(θ
3)cos(φ
1)sin(φ
2)sin(φ
3)+sin(θ1)cos(θ
3)sin(φ1)cos(φ
2)sin(φ
3)-sin(θ
2)cos(θ
3)cos(φ
1)sin(φ2)sin(φ
3)-cos(θ
1)sin(θ
3)sin(φ
1)cos(φ
2)sin(φ
3)-sin(θ
1)cos(θ
2)sin(φ1)sin(φ
2)cos(φ
3)
＝[cos(θ
1)sin(θ
2)sin(φ
1)sin(φ
2)cos(φ
3)-sin(θ1)cos(θ
2)sin(φ1)sin(φ
2)cos(φ
3)]+[cos(θ
2)sin(θ3)cos(φ
1)sin(φ
2)sin(φ
3)-sin(θ
2)cos(θ
3)cos(φ
1)sin(φ
2)sin(φ
3)]+[sin(θ
1)cos(θ
3)sin(φ1)cos(φ
2)sin(φ
3)-cos(θ
1)sin(θ
3)sin(φ
1)cos(φ
2)sin(φ
3)]
＝sin(φ
1)sin(φ
2)cos(φ
3)[cos(θ
1)sin(θ
2)-sin(θ
1)cos(θ
2)]
+cos(φ
1)sin(φ
2)sin(φ
3)[cos(θ
2)sin(θ
3)-sin(θ
2)cos(θ
3)]
+sin(φ
1)cos(φ
2)sin(φ
3)[sin(θ
1)cos(θ
3)-cos(θ
1)sin(θ
3)]
＝sin(φ
1)sin(φ
2)cos(φ
3)sin(θ
1-θ
2)
+cos(φ
1)sin(φ
2)sin(φ
3)sin(θ
2-θ
3)
+sin(φ
1)cos(φ
2)sin(φ
3)sin(θ
1-θ
3)
Then, the situation of order number (rank) deficiency will further be discussed in detail as follows.When determinant (determinant) when equalling zero, order number (rank) deficiency appears in hybrid matrix system.The not enough system of order number (rank) comes across following situation:
(1)θ
1＝θ
2＝θ
3
" x " assembly and " y " assembly system receive the identical contribution part of whole three signals.
(2)
φ
1 φ
2 φ
3
0 0 0
0 0 90°
0 90° 0
90° 0 0
90° 90° 90°
Increase by 180 ° of any combinations to the form project, the example system of another order number (rank) deficiency can obtain.What the example of these order number (rank) deficiencies system came across that signal do not use antenna module enough makes up the situation in a word that independently adds.
(3) according to (1) and (2), all indivedual summations are not equal to zero, still:
sin(φ
1)sin(φ
2)cos(φ
3)sin(θ
1-θ
2)
+cos(φ
1)sin(φ
2)sin(φ
3)sin(θ
2-θ
3)
+sin(φ
1)cos(φ
2)sin(φ
3)sin(θ
1-θ
3)＝0
The signal of the little three-dimensional angular interval of this situation system hint, the signal of rough phase isopolarity, alignment but from the signal or the extremely low signal incident incident of part possibility of antenna array relative side, it is possible cause the identical of two assemblies can rank.
As discussed previously, first section system of planning chart proposes antenna frame.Previous described antenna frame comprises non-connection inductor, is to be combined into various different frameworks, provides M summation signals of coming source signal to hybrid matrix thus.
Please refer to Fig. 8, it is a kind of communicator 200 of expression, separates the source signal that comes that M signal originated to be provided thus.Antenna array 202 is to comprise N antenna module, receives M N at least different summations of coming source signal thus, and wherein, N and M system are greater than one.
N antenna module system comprises at least one antenna module 204, receive M at least one summation of coming N different summations of source signal thus, and N antenna module system comprises at least two connection antenna modules 206, receives M at least two summations of coming N different summations of source signal thus.Two connection antenna modules 206 are not have connection with antenna module 204.Antenna array system can have the additional antenna assembly of any combination, and wherein, can there be connection in each antenna module system, have connection and has polarity.
The reinforcement of the antenna frame that second section system proposition first section of planning chart provides.These are strengthened system and can implement, the extra or alternative summation of the source signal of collecting thus and further fill up hybrid matrix A.
A kind of reinforcement system comprises array deflection (deflection) operation, the extra summation of receipt source signal thus, and then hybrid matrix A is provided application, and do not need to increase the additional antenna assembly.Array deflection (deflection) operation system comprises the antenna patterns illustrated of control azimuth (azimuth) direction and/or height (elevation) direction.
Please refer to Fig. 9, it is a kind of communicator 240 of expression, and wherein, this communicator 240 is to use array deflection (deflection) operation, separates the source signal that comes that M signal originated to be provided thus.Antenna array 242 is to comprise N antenna module 244, produces N thus and opens the beginning antenna patterns illustrated, and then receive M N at least different summations of coming source signal.In addition, antenna array 242 also comprises height (elevation) controller 246, optionally changes height of at least one antenna patterns illustrated that N opens the beginning antenna patterns illustrated thus, and by this, M is come the extra different summations of at least one of source signal system to receive.
Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 250 is to be connected to receiver 248, forms hybrid matrix 252 thus, and wherein, mixed moment array 252 is to comprise M N different summations and M at least one extra different summation of coming source signal of coming source signal.The order number (rank) of hybrid matrix 252 is to equal N to add M the extra different summation numbers that come source signal using the reception of additional antenna field pattern, and, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 250 be in hybrid matrix 252, separate obtain wanting come source signal 254.
Generally speaking, providing any antenna array device of the order number (rank) of signal summation to increase hybrid matrix 252 is to use array deflection (deflection) mechanism.Array deflection (deflection) machine-processed system can produce the signal summation that two uniquenesses and hybrid matrix can be used for each antenna array device.In view of this, use this technology and can produce the twice multiplier effect.
If array deflection (deflection) mechanism system is divided into K unique zone of connection antenna, each unique regional system in K unique zone can provide two independent deflection (deflection) zones and project to give hybrid matrix.For instance, if antenna array system can provide N summation voluntarily and have K unique deflection (deflection) zone, the signal summation number system of hybrid matrix can equal 2*K*N.
For convenience of explanation, please refer to Figure 10, wherein, switched beam antenna 100 ' shown in Figure 4 is suitable adjustment, makes antenna patterns illustrated can carry out being inclined upwardly of height (elevation) or downward-sloping thus.Particularly, each first half 104a ' of passive antenna element 104 ' is connected to ground 106 ' via reaction equation load 108 '.Each Lower Half 104b ' of passive antenna element 104 ' also is connected to ground 106 ' via reaction equation load 108 '.The reactance cording of passive antenna element 104 ' has lengthening or shortens the effect of passive antenna element.The electrical length of inductive load system lengthening passive antenna element 104 ', with respect to this, the electrical length of passive antenna element 104 ' shortens in capacitive load system.
Antenna beam can be according to the ratio of the reaction equation load 108 ' of the reaction equation load 108 ' of first half 104a ' and Lower Half 104b ', so carry out height (elevation) be inclined upwardly or downward-sloping.Via the ratio of the reaction equation load 108 ' of the reaction equation load 108 ' of adjusting first half 104a ' and Lower Half 104b ', antenna patterns illustrated system can upwards aim at 97 or aim at 99 downwards, as shown in figure 11.When the height angle (elevationangle) of antenna field type is suitable adjustment when receiving mixed signal, at least one extra order number (rank) is to increase to hybrid matrix A.Use array deflection (deflection) technology, hybrid matrix A system can receive more signals, and does not need to increase the antenna module number N.
This specific implementations cording has two unique deflection (deflection) zones, and two unique (deflection) regional systems that are partial to can use reactance 118 ' indivedual controls.The field pattern generation ability of antenna array is three independent field patterns, and in view of this, the number system that produces the signal summation of hybrid matrix equals 12 (2*2*3=12).
Please once again with reference to previous described U.S. patent application case 11/065752, it is how further detailed exposure should adjust height of antenna beam.Array deflection (deflection) technology system can be applied to any preferred embodiment of previous described antenna array or for any other antenna array of the interactive sensitivity in ground.
Highly the another kind of preferred embodiment of (elevation) controller is may command radio frequency (RF) anti-current 270 based on the ground 272 that is coupled to antenna module 274, as shown in figure 12.The connection antenna patterns illustrated of antenna module 274 system control radio frequency (RF) anti-current 270 to be moving its height (elevation), as the personage who has the knack of this technology understands.
Please refer to Figure 13, it is a kind of communicator 300 of expression, and wherein, this communicator 300 is based on routing, separates the source signal that comes that M signal originated to be provided thus.This communicator 300 is that the another kind of the antenna frame of first section that provides of planning chart is strengthened, and the reinforcement of previous described array deflection (deflection) technology.Communicator 300 is to comprise antenna array 302, and wherein, antenna array 302 is to comprise N antenna module to form N antenna beam at least, receives M N at least different summations of coming source signal thus, and wherein, N and M system are greater than two.
Controller 306 is to be connected to antenna array 302, optionally forms N antenna beam at least thus.Receiver member 308 is to be connected to antenna array 302, receives M N at least different summations of coming source signal thus.Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 310 is to be connected to receiver member 308, forms hybrid matrix 312 thus, wherein, hybrid matrix 312 be comprise M come source signal up to N different summations at least.
Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 310 also determines M comes the different summations of source signal whether to exist on connection or the statistics independently, if not, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 310 is to cooperate to form different beams with controller 306, receive M newly-increased different summations of coming source signal thus, and then replace M different summations of coming source signal that do not exist connection or statistics to go up independence in the hybrid matrix 312.Subsequently, the source signal of wanting 314 that comes is can separate to obtain in hybrid matrix 312.
Rake formula (rake) receiver is a wireless receiver, the effect of You Ci Arrived pin multi-path decay.Rake formula (rake) receiver system uses the independent receiver of several difference slight delay with tuning each multi-path assembly, the effect of You Ci Arrived pin multi-path decay.Rake formula (rake) receiver system can be applied to the radio access network of most of types.Known, spread spectrum number (spreading code) modulation type system is especially favourable.The ability in the specific incoming signal of application choice path, the especially suitable device of spread spectrum number (spreading code) modulation type system as the feed-in path that changes Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing.
Optionally form previous N described antenna beam and can be applied to various radio access networks, as the personage who has the knack of this technology understands.For CDMA (CDMA) system, receiver member 308 is to comprise N rake formula (rake) receiver 316.Each rake formula (rake) receiver 316 is to comprise k correlator (finger), selects k different multi-path compositions for each M of connecting the antenna module reception comes each summation of N different summations of source signal thus.In this framework, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 310 is to be connected to N rake formula (rake) receiver 316, forms hybrid matrix 312 thus.Hybrid matrix 312 be comprise M come source signal N at least different summations up to k*N different multi-path compositions at least, and hybrid matrix 312 cordings have and equal up to one of k*N order number (rank).
Particularly, when CDMA (CDMA) waveform transmits, a path more than CDMA (CDMA) waveform can meet with between source and purpose usually.In view of this, rake formula (rake) receiver 316 is to design especially, captures several respective paths thus and its combination is obtained more durable signal interpretation.Though original signal system is along the respective paths transmission, yet the characteristic of original signal also may be adjusted based on the specific characteristic of respective paths.In the part situation, the connection of received signal and/or the adjustment of statistical property will be enough remarkable, make received signal can be considered as the signal crossfire of separation thus.In this case, adjusting type rake formula (rake) receiver 316 is to use, and captures each thus and adjusts signal crossfire and each is adjusted signal crossfire feed-in hybrid matrix 312 with as unique items.Though the device of this increase order number (rank) also may not be certain to exist all the time, yet heavy-route environment more than the height because of its actual needs, can have the device of this increase order number (rank) usually.
Though rake formula (rake) receiver 316 is to use different paths, yet the more common method that is applied to any modulation tech is the beam forming technology, as shown in figure 13.Beam forming technology system is different from rake formula (rake) receiver 316, because the refusal that beam forming technology system is used to want the reinforcement of signal and wants signal.Yet both are difference: in fact, the refusal signal of beam forming technology system can form the another kind of version that receiver is wanted signal.Yet receiver member 308 is several unique bang path versions that need to detect same signal, sets up the hybrid matrix 312 with enough order numbers (rank) thus.
The 3rd section system of planning chart proposes signal segmentation, further fills up hybrid matrix A thus.In a kind of means, summation signals system can use spread spectrum number (spreading code) to be cut apart.In another kind of means, summation signals system can use homophase (I) module and quadrature (Q) module segmentation.
Please refer to Figure 14, it is that how expression uses homophase (I) module and quadrature (Q) module is carried out signal segmentation.Communicator 400 is to comprise antenna array 402, and wherein, antenna array 402 is to comprise N antenna module 404, receives M N at least different summations of coming source signal thus.It is to be connected to N antenna module 404 that number is separated frequency multiplier (despreader) 406, deciphers M N at least different summations of coming source signal thus.Each summation system of N different summations comprises k number, provides M connection to come k different summations of source signal thus.
According to the modulation type of received signal, previous described signal segmentation is to use, and increases the order number (rank) of hybrid matrix A thus, and does not need to increase the antenna module number N.IS-95 CDMA (CDMA IS-95), CDMA 2,000 (CDMA2000), and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) (WCDMA) be the example of spread frequency spectrum communication system, wherein, spread spectrum number (spreading code) can be used.Common Thread (common thread) is expression: unique digital system is applied to each signal Processing, thus with the data spread spectrum in bigger frequency band.
Same spread number (spreading code) is to be applied to received signal summation (want signal, do not want signal, blind noise source) handle.By this, want signal system to rebuild and return back to original frequency band, and, interference source can also spread spectrum to the wideband frequency band.
In fact, previous described CDMA (CDMA) embodiment cording has many signal crossfires of using same frequency band simultaneously.In the beanstalk, each signal crossfire system uses one group of number, and in theory, the digital system of this group is orthogonal to all other numbers.If code translator side system satisfies this condition, its expression only has signal of interest to be occured frequently by despreading.If the number of K signal summation system is applied to separate the spread spectrum operation, obtain received signal summation x
kWill most ofly utilize and increase amplitude s
kItem and constant or it (k-1) composition of reduction numerical value.
Usually have connection to a certain degree between CDMA (CDMA) signal, in view of this, more or less, undesired signal also can rebulid with wanting signal with merging.This situation system is based on heavy-route more than the delay of individual signal and the individual signal.It is to increase numerical value that part is not wanted signal (particularly, CDMA (CDMA) signal).Though this increase can't be remarkable just like that as wanting signal, yet this increase still can increase overall noise numerical value, and in view of this, cause the reduction of signal noise ratio (SNR).
The form of despread signal equation and signal system itself satisfies the criterion of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing.In fact, if a certain despreading frequency sign indicating number (despreading code) is several applications each known signal in communicator 400 receptions, the indivedual summations that satisfy independent component analysis (ICA) model important document are to obtain.
In view of this, hybrid matrix system can provide the available column project that has similar number with known number, supposes that each list of items system produces the enough numerical value of linear independence respectively.In correct situation, hybrid matrix system may increase to the numerical value greater than digital number.For instance, N antenna module and M digital system can provide N*M rectangular array.
For convenience of description, suppose known three numbers, and, suppose that three digital systems keep its orthogonality.Separate in the frequency multiplier (spreader) 406 at number, hybrid matrix A cording has respectively based on three row of face on the antenna crossfire and following three row, after each antenna crossfire has utilized three known digital despreadings frequently.Away from the orthogonality of the null value of diagonal line system based on indivedual numbers.Row project four, five, six is the common example that can be applied to the blind signal of same index.
x
1 a
11?0 0 a
14 a
15 a
16 s
1
x
2 0 a
22 0 a
24 a
25 a
26 s
2
[x
3]＝[0 0 a
33 a
34 a
35 a
36] [s
3]
x
4 a
41 0 0 a
44 a
45 a
46 s
4
x
5 0 a
51 0 a
54 a
55 a
56 s
5
x
6 0 0 a
63 a
64 a
65 a
66 s
6
The respective signal of row project four, five, six can be other cell signal of other path release or the known number of known number.In addition, a certain signal can be Gauss (Guassian) signal, and, another signal can be CDMA (CDMA) the signal group that scrupulously abides by the central limit theory, make it can present single Gauss (Guassian) signal thus, for instance, discharge four channels.In other words, the nonrandom signal of sufficient amount will increase to Gauss (Guassian) signal.Interference source may be non-Gauss (Guassian) signal source or the blind signal of a Gauss (Guassian) at the most of network.
After utilizing number to separate frequency multiplier (spreader) 406 to separate spread spectrum known number sign indicating number, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 410 is to receive the hybrid matrix 412 that order number (rank) equals six.Equaling six order number (rank) is to multiply by three times based on two antenna modules, because three numbers are known.
Six signals system is applied to Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 410, and wherein, having the hybrid matrix 412 that equals six order number (rank) is to form.Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 410 is only via the received signal of application channel adjustment decision separation matrix W, that is: x=As.In example shown in Figure 14, six signals are separable.
Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processor 410 is a signal of selecting desire decoding.For instance, interference source signal system can give up, and, want all versions system of signal to select.Select signal system to be applied to separate the modulation module to separate the modulation operation.Separate modulation module system and use known technology such as gradeizations, and known technology such as gradeizations is to make up heavy-route version more than the same signal.
In common example, also may be the non-zero number value away from the numerical value of diagonal line (for convenience of description, first preceding example system is with null representation).Under digital signal situation no all roses, may be more general away from the non-zero values of diagonal line.The additional noise of representing each separation signal away from the non-zero values system of diagonal line.Yet as discussed previously, the order number (rank) of hybrid matrix is to be enough to separate these signals, therefore, after implementing Blind Signal Separation (BSS) operation, will significantly reduce away from the non-zero values of diagonal line.By this, noise reduces, signal noise ratio (SNR) increases, and the channel ability to increase (shown in summer farming law (Shannon ' s Theorem)) be to obtain.
Then, please refer to Figure 15, it is that expression does not need to increase other means that the antenna module number N promptly can increase the order number (rank) of hybrid matrix A, and wherein, this means are will receive mixed signal to be separated into homophase (I) composition and quadrature (Q) composition.Homophase (I) composition and quadrature (Q) the composition cording of relevant radio frequency (RF) signal have same-amplitude but the composition of phase splitting 90 degree.
Figure 16 is the indivedual homophases (I) and quadrature (Q) module 506 of expression antenna module 502 downlink link.The mixed signal system of antenna module 502 receptions utilizes a pair of mixer 520 to cut apart.Homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) composition system uses two synchronizing indicators (wherein, two same reference signals systems with 90 degree phase differential are applied to two synchronizing indicators), and then intermediate frequency (IF) signal is translated to another frequency range and common the generation.Homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) are the phase information that keeps intermediate frequency (IF) signal simultaneously, and the signal with positive frequency can be distinguished with the signal with negative frequency.
Be divided into homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) composition via receiving mixed signal, the size system of hybrid matrix can increase twice.As long as homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) composition system utilize different pieces of information crossfire coding, the mixed signal system of any antenna module reception can be divided into two kinds of different mixed signals.
In the example of differential coding, modulation characteristics system needs to analyze, and determines thus whether homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) composition satisfy linear important document.For instance, for global mobile communication system (GSM), known, Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) is coded in system when using suitable filtering technique and can be assumed to be linear, and Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) coding system can walk back and forth and operate as Buddhist binary phase shift keying (BPSK) coding.Because binary phase shift keying (BPSK) coding system satisfies the important document of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing, previous described homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) are handled system and can be used.
Homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) are handled system can be applied to previous described antenna array preferred embodiment, fills up hybrid matrix A thus.When using homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) and handle, the hybrid matrix A system Buddhist of can walking back and forth is used as two times of antenna module numbers and is filled up.Another kind of example system uses two antenna modules (two times), and it is not have connection and have opposed polarity (2*2=4 doubly), cooperates homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) composition (2*2*2=8 doubly) thus and produces eight independent mixed signal.
This mechanism can also cooperate antenna array deflection (deflection) operation, produces more signals thus.Each summation can also be separated into homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) composition in regular turn.
The present invention's another kind of feature is relevant for multi-input multi output (MIMO) antenna technology, repeated application same radio frequency (RF) channel thus.The receiver treatment technology system of deletion interference source can use the field pattern diversity to be needed minimizing of number of antennas but not uses the antenna diversity, reaches the increase of the durable and corresponding data speed of signal thus.
The receiver path cording of antenna array has can change weights.When weights changed, receiving antenna field pattern system can adjust.Via using Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology and so on, want signal system to capture in the receiver data of self-contained several interference source signals like technology.
No matter field pattern is how to form, and in the reception structure of multi-input multi output (MIMO) embodiment, using field pattern diversity alternate antenna diversity all is feasible ways, as shown in figure 17.In theory, the number of K field pattern will equal the number of N antenna module.Yet K field pattern can also be used L the antenna module that is less than the required N of a known techniques antenna module and produce.Use and both to have deposited antenna array multi-input multi output (MIMO) embodiment and so on like means, M and K only can use under the situation of K receiver field pattern identification at whole M spatial channels of transmission and be equal to each other.Because this situation only can come across in the example of constant transmissions device and receiver usually, extra receiver field pattern or transmitter antenna will have its needs, reach the minimum value of K or M spatial gain thus.In addition, multiple user detects (MUD) treatment technology and can also use, and separates the data channel that obtains receiver system thus.The all previous described method of setting up hybrid matrix is the part that can be applied to this embodiment.
The present invention's another kind of feature is relevant for mutual symbol-interference (ISI).Please refer to Figure 18, its framework that provides system can propose to use Fourier (Fourier) conversion method to reduce the restriction of mutual symbol-interference (ISI).Following square is to be added to the transmission side, and improvement reduces Fourier (Fourier) conversion method of mutual symbol-interference (ISI) thus, that is: Fei Te encodes, repeats or puncture, reaches the redundant system that interlocks of square and is added to the transmission side than (Viterbi).In addition, following square system is added to the reception side, that is: Blind Signal Separation (BSS) interference source removes, the square release of an interleave, separate repetition/separate puncture, and expense is special separates Code than (Viterbi) and be added to the reception side.
" Fei Te is than (Viterbi) coding " cording has the data decoding of overcoming to handle the durable redundancy of out of true.In addition, substitute coding form, such as: turbine (Turbo) coding, can also use." repeating or puncture " is the data block coupling that can reach between source data rate and transmitted data rates." square redundant staggered " is the randomization that can promote to arrive in regular turn source data, obtains suitablely when the maximization of separating the Code probability thus, and then improves the elasticity of transmitting channel condition.For instance, because serious decay, this embodiment system may add the square error (the square error be distribution square error in Fei Te than (Viterbi) code translator before), and, compared to the square error, Fei Te can return a plurality of according to crossfire in the stochastic distribution error than (Viterbi) code translator system more efficiently.Be converted back to before the time domain, " Blind Signal Separation (BSS) interference source removes " is can reduce signal to wanting signal.
Supposing to obtain the frequency-region signal cording has characteristic on the known statistics (unlikely being conforming), and handling the distribute best mode of (peak average ratio (PAR) position is accurate) of nonuniformity will be that output side in fast fourier transform (FFT) increases nonlinear mapping device (mapper) (signal level of each frequency such as waitizations thus) and changes the input side increase reverse conversion of (IFFT) at inverse fast fourier transform.
Therefore in addition, in actual conditions, this signal is understood modulation usually and is adjusted frequency to transmission frequency, increases modulator, upconverter and down-converter, demodulator system can finish picture.Discontinuous characteristic may appear in border system between transmitted waveform.This discontinuous characteristic is to utilize several means to relax.A kind of mode promptly is (to insert between waveform in the curvilinear system) to increase guard's frequency band (guard band) between waveform, and the generation frequency content is minimized.The all previous described method of setting up hybrid matrix is the part that can be applied to this embodiment.
The present invention's another kind of feature is relevant for the field pattern diversity, supports the layering space communtication thus.Please refer to Figure 19, in preferred embodiment, transmitter is for changing the power level of each minute sheaf space crossfire fundamentally with time slot.In view of this, each minute, sheaf space crossfire system can utilize that the different capacity position is accurate to arrive receiver, and then the suitable difference that received signal is provided is to fill up the matrix that is appropriate to Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing.Because all power adjustment system finishes in the transmitter side, the L of receiver side antenna module number system equals one, and the receiver side does not also need field pattern to produce hardware or component software.
This means can also overcome the problem of known techniques, make because producing suitable different field pattern profiles between signal to exist low-angle difference will no longer become problem between arriving signal.
In another kind of preferred embodiment, except the interference source of wanting transmitter, other remarkable interference source also may exist.If only there is single interference source, this interference source wants the difference between the transmitter wavefront suitable applications to handle to separate whole signals in Blind Signal Separation (BSS) with change.If there is more than single interference source, rank of matrix number (rank) may be also inappropriate.Change via produce extra field pattern at the receiver side, changing system effectiveness can improve.Though this means only are the deviations (deviation) of preferred embodiment, yet this means still can have significantly less field pattern by more previous described embodiment, and also therefore, this means also have nothing to do in the embodiment of receiver side.
In another kind of preferred embodiment, a plurality of data streamings are summation, and the power amplifier via the single antenna assembly transmits thus.Based on time slot, the accurate system in relative power position of summation signals can change, and then is fit to be applied to the Code that separates of receiver side.The advantage of this means is: the individual signal crossfire system of mixed signal can experience indivedual bang path effects, its expression: the relative signal relation between transmitter and receiver can be kept.By this, the non-of receiver side ought can obtain by the durable Code of separating.
This idea system can convergent-divergent, and by this, a plurality of indivedual summation signals system can transmit via the different antennae assembly.In view of this, durable Signal Separation system can follow gain of multi-path diversity and/or spatial content gain and obtain.Solve fixing in theory peak averaging signal power than problem, the power train of summation signals can suitably be adjusted, and keeps thus near fixing power level.The previous described all method of setting up hybrid matrix is the part that can be applied to this embodiment.
The present invention's another kind of feature is to support a plurality of synchronous transmission devices relevant for the fluctuation field pattern.Please refer to Figure 20, the multiple arrangement that transfers to wireless network base stations (AP) is its radio frequency of modulation (RF) field pattern.In view of this, wanting wireless network base stations (AP) to reach does not want wireless network base stations (AP) can receive the accurate version in different capacity position of transmission signals.By this, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology can obtain enough information with separation signal.
This modulation system can be simple as changing as the through-put power.This modulation is to finish with can being independent of the field pattern profile, and therefore, omni-directional, sectionization or beam forming field pattern all can be used.In addition, can also use such as other technology that changes transmission beam aligner (bore sight).
The most effective means system uses transmitter and aims at time slot.Sequential system can application apparatus within frequency setting or be synchronized with the common time mark of wireless network base stations (AP) transmission.If signal arrives the time of receiver and presents misalignment (misalignment), the ability system of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) separation signal may reduce.Aiming at system can the determination device distance or measure time delay and adjust.Subsequently, the leading or delay technology system of sequential can provide access device to use.
Suppose that the signal receiving gain changes the interference source that system is applied to its Blind Signal Separation (BSS) that is considered as target is equipped with wireless network base stations (AP) and other example simultaneously, the suitable receiver of desire aligning is to change.If do not exist overall network to coordinate, want receiver system to be aligned.If exist overall network to coordinate, measuring system can show: best means system makes the signal can be as removing easily as the interference source, but still can want the receiver side to provide suitable aligning to carry out lock out operation.
If there is other signal source of not using radio frequency (RF) power level modulation tech, classical signal refusal technology system can use.Perhaps, receiver system can use field pattern or other means, and then increases the order number (rank) of the suitable matrix of Blind Signal Separation (BSS).Even use those means of back, derivation matrix information degree still will significantly be reduced in the burden of wireless network base stations (AP) receiver side enforcement.The previous described all method of setting up hybrid matrix is the part that can be applied to this embodiment.
The present invention's another kind of feature is to leak (drain) relevant for adjusting Blind Signal Separation (BSS) radio frequency (RF) decoding to obtain optimization process and power.The signal number system that needs to separate to decipher important crossfire can reduce.Generally speaking, the order number (rank) of decoding matrix is the most important signal number that decision will separate, and other signal then can be considered as noise.In view of this, this numerical value system need comprise the minimum value of desiring decoded signal.In addition, reducing noise contribution system may need higher minimum value, makes signal noise ratio (SNR) can access the decoding error rate that can accept thus.
Figure 21 is the embodiment that expression only has the receiver operation.Figure 22 is the superset of Figure 21, and it also comprises the data of transmitter to receiver, and optionally, receiver is to the data of transmitter.
If the selection of filling up matrix surpasses the order number (rank) of action need, day line options control system can reduce the number of application choice.The system of partly selecting of usable set may be better than other selection, and optimal selection system can provide the selection of minimum rank of matrix number (rank).This set system can determine via the signal check result of more various selections and other selection, its be can use attempt with wrong technology (for instance, relatively use and the result of application choice k not), perhaps, it is can application conditions and result's historical tracking.The decision system that uses which kind of method or method combination can consider based on the efficient of specified criteria and history evidence.
When known devices is positioned at the signal of interest scope in several sources, such as: when coming across covering overlapping zone, peak power signal system can expect from remarkable different directions.In view of this, these select system to determine, and then the signal of interest difference of these directions is provided.
For coding, the decision of error recovery coding system can be tolerated in the error rate of original decoding crossfire.Because original error rate also is the function that matrix fills up the chooser set, be to have the relation of choice between these are set.Feedback between scrambler and code translator and control loop system can use, and then select best setting mutually.
If known receiver is not Power Limitation situation (for instance, line voltage provides power), code translator will increase its rank of matrix number (rank).This means are to be applied to several purposes.Higher rank number (rank) is to reduce noise, and it can increase signal noise ratio (SNR), and and then reduce error rate.Reduce increase, the reduction of error recovery coding or the improvement of whole binding reliability that noise system can be applied to transmitted data rates.
In addition, matrix is filled up burden be transferred to the load that receiver can also reduce the transmitter side, it can be applied to exist the situation of control loop between the two.On the contrary, utilize the device of battery will attempt to reach the increase of order number (rank) generation, become more durable electric supply installation thus.
Set via changing sequential, the most durable operation is will find the solution the Code matrix to recomputate once every a symbol.Yet generally speaking, connection time system surpasses number of symbols, therefore, only measures to provide faster than the speed of connection time with slight summary and gets final product.Code matrix decision appearance system is separated in reduction can save power and processor burden.
The each appearance system that changes that monitors matrix can determine the frequency that Xie Code matrix need recomputate.In broadband system, sub-channel has indivedual connection times usually.Each sub-channel is can have own separating the Code matrix and correlate to measure speed.By this, the needs that utilize the fastest necessary speed to recomputate very big decoding matrix just can reduce.Generally speaking, son separate the measurement summation of Code matrix will be less than the measurement summation of Da Xie Code matrix.
For the field pattern transmission, produce field pattern as if the system that originates, receiver system can adjust its matrix and fill up the reception selection, and then suitable order number (rank) is provided.Receiver system its numerical value can be built on transmitter inform the relevant information of transmission feature, receive crossfire and decoding data measurement or with the basis of source negotiation setting on.With the example of source negotiation setting in, the resource limit in source also may be listed consideration in, makes arbitrary side can bear higher burden thus and another side can be unloaded.
For the Matrix Solving technology, generally speaking ， Xie Code matrix will can not change along with each calculating.In view of this, previous numerical value system can be as the seed of finding the solution decision repeatedly, and then makes and need processor intensity less than initial decision.When beginning to find the solution large-scale matrix, decoding usually can be very fast repeatedly, even begun situation about finding the solution by blind state.This means are big order number (rank), quite fill up the known mode of finding the solution of matrix.
Generally speaking, according to available composition, revise the figure case standard, suitably equipment, and influence the other factors of trusted operations, the combination of previous described all method also is possible.The previous described all method of setting up hybrid matrix is the part that can be applied to this embodiment.
The present invention's another kind of feature is to cover to support useful area relevant for the fluctuation field pattern.For the field pattern transmission, basic concepts tie up to the architecture side and use section covering field pattern.Actual zone hop count order system can need and correlative charges factor and changing along with capacity.Actual embodiment is can be by single section number change to random a plurality of section numbers.Section self is to divide into orientation (azimuth) or height (elevation) or orientation (azimuth) and height (elevation) plane.Utilize the major advantage of section to be: with respect to beam forming method, section can cushion follows the trail of the device tracking that links another side.In view of this, the area coverage that keeps certain section can be reduced to tradition for another section system and submit (handoff) situation.
Known techniques system can make receiver produce the field pattern change, provides Blind Signal Separation (BSS) signal separation process to use thus.With respect to this, transmitter is an application technology, and making suitable Blind Signal Separation (BSS) code translator environment thus is to exist to small part.In the part embodiment, this means are expression: receiver does not need to produce any fluctuation field pattern.In other embodiments, this means mean: fluctuation field pattern number system can significantly reduce.
A kind of preferred embodiment is to be applied to single transmission point.This preferred embodiment system solves the problem of following situation, and whether other transmission source is also when operating in can't knowing the zone.Please refer to Figure 23, transmission field pattern wheel profile system fluctuate in receiver known in preface.
Cutting apart of transmission symbol regularly aimed at thus by the change system of transmission field pattern.Move with respect to aligner (boresight), field pattern profile system appropriateness changes and keeps fixing in each time slot system.In view of this, area coverage can't marked change, and, look the tracking problem before desire solves and also do not exist.
Based on the transmission profile of change, receiver will experience the change of wavefront power level.In view of this, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) matrix will utilize the various signal crossfire differences of different relative gain numerical value to fill up.
If receive main signal is the single or multiple transmitter that all comes the self-application fluctuation signal, receiver only need sampling during each field pattern changes, and use and obtain data and fill up hybrid matrix, provides Blind Signal Separation (BSS) to handle thus and carries out Signal Separation.
If there is the mixed transport device of using and not using fluctuation signal, receiver system can use the classical signal isolation technics to compensate.For instance, the method system such as beam forming and multiple user detection (MUD) can use.Yet Blind Signal Separation (BSS) method usually can be comparatively durable.On the practice, receiver system can implement the field pattern distortion and produce enough extra field pattern with the order number (rank) of increase Blind Signal Separation (BSS) matrix to desiring more than the separation signal number.
For instance, for Blind Signal Separation (BSS) code translator,, transmit three kinds of profiles of three kinds of signals if being the application transport device, and, there are two kinds of other received signals, receiver system needs to produce at least two kinds of profiles to separate interference source and other signal.This means are to need to reduce by three kinds of profiles, do not gather if transmitter produces self, and therefore, this means are lower all the time for the burden system of receiver.
If transmitter system transmits single crossfire along single-pathway, field pattern profile set system does not need rotation or different.This is because the receiver detection signal changes with respect to whole other received signal ground.In view of this, transmitter system can use simple power and change in whole field pattern, and does not need to change contour shape.If only single other crossfire summation is arranged in receiver, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) is handled and can be separated, even the amplitude of single crossfire system keeps fixing.This is because power vibration (dithering) source system provides the change of action need.If not only single other crossfire system receives, these crossfire systems can be considered as the single group interference source of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing, unless receiver self is to use other tripping device, perhaps, unless receiver self cording has the fluctuation field pattern to produce ability.
The field pattern transmitter of receiving mode will further be discussed in detail as follows.Because it is the splendid method of Signal Separation that the Blind Signal Separation (BSS) of multiple field pattern profile is handled, should be used for separated transmission field pattern constructed can also be applied to produce diversity device numerical value.In view of this, unique cost factor of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) reception when transmission has been supported, is the burden of handling of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing.
User's equipment (UE) receiver to the feedback of transmitter will further be discussed in detail as follows.Though be not strict needs, the feedback information system of user's equipment (UE) receiver can use, and then improves the whole operation that links.For instance, receiver system can determine the degree that each field pattern profile changes to be provided with data.This information, be to be fed back to transmitter.Subsequently, transmitter system can adjust operation to improve binding, to use less power or other bindings are caused less interference.Part is adjusted system and can be comprised: the application order of each field pattern, and symbol transmission during the change number (that is: the change of M to N profile).The profile of each symbol changes adjustment will be passed to receiver, obtains best efficiency thus.
Second preferred embodiment system is relevant for majority transmission point, and it is the previous described means of known applications.The embodiment of the embodiment of multiple transmitter side and single transmitter side cording basically has identical receiver operation.Both are difference: the field pattern system of each transmitter generation can count in receiver, carries out the Signal Separation of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing thus.
Yet more durable operation can also automatic network receives the information of coordinating the transmission parameter characteristic and obtains.For instance, rank of matrix number (rank), it is then dominated needs the field pattern number, is to adjust.In view of this, the field pattern of receiver produces, and in the time can providing, is can be according to this information adjustment.The wide radio resource management of network system can use the information that is fed back to user's equipment (UE) to set up the type application of network wide field, trend, power level, and sequential.The previous described all method of setting up hybrid matrix is the part that can be applied to this embodiment.
The present invention's another kind is held and levied is relevant for Blind Signal Separation (BSS) and field pattern fluctuation, assists CDMA (CDMA) Signal Separation thus.Blind Signal Separation (BSS) algorithm is desired effective separation signal, x
iReceived signal must be the received signal set of the antenna of the different relatively weights factors of individual signal connection.This means system can finish in transmitter, receiver or finish simultaneously in both positions.No matter weights factor system changes in transmission side or reception side, and weights factor system can change according to fragment or continuous set of segments.Basic demand is: aggregate signal is to adjust the number of times of desiring the separation signal number during each symbol.
Figure 24 is a kind of situation of expression, and wherein, symbol lies in change ten secondaries (12 fragments) on the frequency.Change ginseng system keeps and fixedly reaches four fragments.Three kinds of change systems expression of each symbol: three kinds of unlike signal systems can separate in the self aggregation received signal.
If transmitter system transmits single crossfire along single-pathway, the set of field pattern profile does not need rotation or difference.This is because receiver detection signal system changes with respect to whole other received signal ground.In view of this, the simple variable power that transmitter system can the using integral field pattern, and do not need to change contour shape.If only have single other crossfire be summation in the receiver side, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) is handled and it can be separated, even the amplitude of single crossfire system keeps fixing.This is because power vibration (dithering) source system provides the change of action need.If not only single other crossfire of planting is to receive to obtain, these crossfire systems can be considered as the single group interference source of Blind Signal Separation (BSS) processing, unless receiver self is used other tripping device, perhaps, produce ability unless receiver self has the fluctuation field pattern.
Though be not strict needs, the feedback information system of user's equipment (UE) receiver can use, and then improves the whole operation that links.For instance, receiver system can determine the degree that each field pattern profile changes to be provided with data.This information is to be fed back to transmitter.Subsequently, transmitter system can adjust operation, improves thus to link, use less power or other bindings are caused less interference.Though exist many modes to change the power profile, part is adjusted system and can be comprised: the application order of each field pattern, the changes number during the symbol transmission, and modulation or vibration (dither) power to the mode of bindings individually.The profile of each symbol changes adjustment will be passed to receiver, obtains best efficiency thus.
The real power amplifier preferably can be applied to its linear operation scope.Utilize big peak-to-average power ratio, the opereating specification of linear operation system can reduce, and then causes the reduction of the linear dynamic range of control of power amplifier, and therefore, and then causes the reduction of the operating distance between transmitter and receiver.When power train application transport parameter, this consideration is can use several means to relax.
These means system can comprise: when more than single source (sink) is when using identical amplifier power being provided, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) changes can be synchronous, makes the power summation of whole signals can keep fixing thus.In other words, the system that increases of part transmission may the skew to some extent because of the minimizing of other transmission.If the power train modulation is in the numerical value near fragment speed, the common system of excess power can utilize the de storage assembly to absorb, and de storage assembly system can only produce a small amount of fluctuation.Excess power system can be transferred to the heat radiation load.
Two-dimentional or three-dimensional field pattern is to utilize several means to produce, to provide transmit antenna and receiving antenna to use thus.These means system comprises: adjust the delay of phase place array antenna and power level, the changeable load of adjustment parasitic antenna component, adjust reversing, adjust that the machinery that the power planes load that causes field pattern deflection (deflection) changes, adjusts assembly or reverberator moves, and combination described adjustment before subsequently.The previous described all method of setting up hybrid matrix is the part that can be applied to this embodiment.
The present invention's another kind of feature is the single receiver relevant for the spatial multiplex independent channel.The switched parasitic aerial system can be coupled in high-speed figure device and down-converter, provides spatial multiplex independence road to the fundamental frequency Processing Structure thus.Spatial multiplex independent channel system can use single low noise amplifier (LNA), mixer, regional oscillator (LO), low-pass filter (LPF), and analog-digital converter (ADC) provide.
The spatial multiplex independent channel system that utilizes this technology to obtain can use treated in various ways, and for instance, connection combination, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) or multi-input multi output (MIMO) receive to be handled.
Figure 25 system further describes various system principles.This preferred embodiment is to comprise the single antenna array, and wherein, the antenna array cording has changeover module, switches to inductor or capacitor thus.Bandpass filter system can limit frequency band and whole radio frequency (RF) power that low noise amplifier (LNA) presents simultaneously.Low noise amplifier (LNA) is not only the low noise amplifier of received signal.Mixer and regional oscillator (LO) are that downward adjustment radio frequency (RF) signal is to intermediate frequency (IF) or fundamental frequency direct current (DC).Any embodiment is to be compatible with back-end processing.
Antenna switches, the regional oscillator (LO) of selectivity switches and separate multiplexer switches system and all utilizes the same numbers sequence generator to drive, and makes N the signal channel can be via N diversity mode producing of antenna thus.By this, the single channel radio frequency (RF) of mixer output system can produce, and then is presented in low-pass filter (LPF) and analog-digital converter (ADC).
Analog-digital converter (ADC) though do not see graphicly in detail, is the same numbers sequence generator that is synchronized with the regional oscillator (LO) of driven antenna pattern, selectivity and separates multiplexer.Consideration has carrier frequency FC and has the signal of modulation frequency range B, separates multiplexer system and can implement sampling operation under the frequency shape pulse.For the array with N assembly, the sampling frequency of analog-digital converter (ADC) needs 2*N*B at least.Need N system because only can exist a demodulator of being presented in the frequency band processor to link every N sampling.Need 2*B system because need satisfy this spy of Neck (Nyquist) sampling theory.In view of this, utilize the signal frequency range of this system reception also can be subjected to the restriction of auto levelizer switching rate.
Separate each demodulator circuit that multiplexer system alternately is sampled to the inner N of fundamental frequency processor (BBP) parallel demodulator circuit.The sampling location mode must not be group's distribution form but distribution form in proper order.For instance, if exist three kinds of antenna diversity to select (left and right, omnidirectional), then N=3.The sampling 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 of analog-digital converter (ADC) may have following distribution form, that is: 1,4,7,10 be sent to the binding of first demodulator; 2,5,8,11 be sent to the binding of second demodulator; And 3,6,9,12 be sent to the binding of the 3rd demodulator.
As discussed previously, demodulator may be to correlate combination, Blind Signal Separation (BSS) or two kinds of common multi-input multi outputs (MIMO) to separate the form that the modulation technology is separated in any multi-input multi output (MIMO) of modulation technology.This embodiment can be the N kind example on single demodulation power transformation road or the unitary package of N space independent channel of expectation.Connection combination system can be the weighting of soft decision or the processing of hard decision.Part embodiment restriction system further is discussed in detail as follows.These restriction systems comprise: signal noise ratio (SNR) consideration, noise data, impedance matching, and received signal power.
If hypothesis antenna array cording has the frequency range of the received signal of being matched with, interior band signal noise ratio (SNR) be keep identical.Yet compared to known array, interior band signal energy but is reduced to (1/N
2) doubly.
Because it is low noise amplifier (LNA) is first active element of the later signal path of antenna array, remarkable just like that when noise data can't start from photodetector (PIN) diode as the switching array.Because separate each channel after the multiplexer and be received signal power it (1/N) doubly, low noise amplifier (LNA) once benefit requires system to increase (10*log
10N) doubly, keep the equivalent signal amplitude in mixer output thus.
Switch on the different antennae assembly and will cause the change of impedance matching feature.This is not the following example of array antenna embodiment, and it is to use " initiatively " antenna module all the time for directly connecting the antenna module in radio frequency (RF) path.Other " parasitism " antenna module is only influential to radio frequency (RF) path.
Partial multi be can be compatible with and the another kind of preferred embodiment and the following action of other parallel path transmission means system integration of multiple output (MIMO) imported, that is: adjustment region oscillator (LO) is to different carrier frequencies, and, switch to the different diversity patterns of antenna array.This embodiment is to finish synchronously, and perhaps, this embodiment is to finish independently of one another.On time, they still must occur synchronously, but individual states (array mode is with respect to carrier frequency) does not need to have same phase.
This embodiment will be the useful embodiment that receives IEEE 802.11g waveform, and wherein, two regular IEEE 802.11g waveforms are that parallel transmission is in different carrier.In this example, top and bottom carrier frequency system can be alternative in regional oscillator (LO), and subsequently in different field patterns, the different diversity patterns that top and bottom carrier frequency system can the alternate antenna arrays.
Mixer system can suitably set, and then changes radio frequency (RF) waveform down to intermediate frequency (IF) or fundamental frequency direct current (DC).This embodiment is the part sampling requirement that can change analog-digital converter (ADC).Deliberately distortion (aliasing) or other technology system can implement to take a sample under the intermediate frequency (IF), also still can reply and want the information content.
This means also consider that the repeated application antenna is in receiving and transfer function.For for the certain applications of satellite reception, transfer function does not need.Yet, for time division duplex (TDD) system (such as: WLAN (WLAN), wireless all can LAN (WiMAX), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) time division duplex (WCDMA-TDD), timesharing S-CDMA (TD-SCDMA) or the like), perhaps, for time slot frequency division duplexing (FDD) system (such as: global mobile communication system/gprs (GSM/GPRS) or the like), wherein, receive and transmission and asynchronous, when transmission mode can be considered as when independent, receiving antenna can also multitask.For full duplex frequency division duplexing (FDD) system (such as: CDMA 2,000 (CDMA 2000) or Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) frequency division duplexing (WCDMA-FDD)), transfer function system can utilize separate antenna to finish.Any atmosphere interface is to use any activation demodulator technology (connection combination, Blind Signal Separation (BSS), multi-input multi output (MIMO)).
The present invention's another kind of feature is to handle the Blind Signal Separation (BSS) of application relevant for CDMA (CDMA) receiver.The antenna array system that has appropriate intervals between antenna module is appropriate to feedback decoding and links.Can get literature survey system shows: generally speaking, those who familiarize themselves with the technology deeply convinces in this.
Single antenna interference delete (SAIC) technology of what is called is discussed by other file system.The personage who uses Blind Signal Separation (BSS) is requirement: modulation has connection and/or adds up homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) channel of going up independence, produces the matrix that order number (rank) equals two thus.In view of this, these code translator systems can separate single interference source and want signal.If there are two interference sources, both deposit receipt one antenna interference deletion (SAIC) technology system can't carry out.This situation is to be called application " virtual " second antenna.
The improvement of known techniques system can obtain the independent signal summation based on both using cryopreservation device, and, use other method that does not see document.Though homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) device are feasible in the part radio access network, yet homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) device are not suitable for CDMA (CDMA) coding.The previous described all method of setting up hybrid matrix is the part that can be applied to this embodiment.
Though the order number (rank) of the available matrix of this technology system's increase independent component analysis (ICA) also makes application independent component analysis (ICA) acquisition want signal to become more possible, this part can't guarantee.Therefore, previous described technology still needs suitable application, selects Shi Dang Xie Code to link thus.For instance, return still existence possibility from independent component analysis (ICA) processing, if it extremely is harmful to the processing signals summation.
In second preferred embodiment, Figure 26 is the application of the different decoding of expression binding.At node A, the example of signal gathering system is shown in Figure 27.For convenience of description, Figure 27 is the single interference source of expression, yet identical argumentation can also be applied to multiple interference source and increase rank of matrix number (rank).Noise floor system is surpassed by narrow frequency interference source, and, want CDMA (CDMA) signal system to be lower than noise floor.
In the Node B of Figure 28, interference source system captures out." selector switch " is whether decision acquisition signal really is interference source.If do not have interference source, there is not the signal meeting selected.If signal has the feature of the signal of wanting, this signal will can be not selected.If single or multiple interference source is to select, " phase inverter " (node C) is presented in these interference sources systems.Independent component analysis (ICA) acquisition system can be oppositely or reverse received signal, and, each signal whether need oppositely decision with the coupling received signal be have required.
The negative input of the totalizer of node D is presented in interference source system with correct amplitude symbol.The personage who has the knack of this technology should understand other and substitute or equivalent embodiment also is possible.For instance, simple totalizer is to be applied to this circuit stages, and reverser only can be used when the acquisition signal has non-return waveform.Another totalizer input is presented in the delay version system of primary reception signal (node A).Postponing numerical value system equals network on-line shared (ICS), selects, reaches the delay that " reverser " handles generation.The personage who has the knack of this technology should understand other and substitute or equivalent embodiment also is possible.For instance, delay and adder functions square system can use minimum square and replace, and it is translation and adds up two signals, till obtaining minimum value.
At the node D of Figure 29, interference source system can remove.At the node E of Figure 30, consumption formula (rake) receiver system can despread signal, and then is presented in the fundamental frequency code translator.The further details of this preferred embodiment is: antenna structure is collected signal system and can be obtained via the selection of previous described preferred embodiment, strengthens the technology of both having deposited thus.
Will be appreciated that structure shown in Figure 26 only is to implement a kind of mode of the present invention.Except allow " selector switch " in due course machine do not present the signal, can also use at the known embodiment in pre-treatment or the different paths of aftertreatment choice of location.Accept or reject therebetween tie up in: processing delay, implementation cost, the durable degree of integrated operation, and the deviser of certain degree select.Only have being presented to the basic concepts that in the signal crossfire, deduct interference source before consumption formula (rake) receiver and need remain in the present invention and all change.
Though the previous system of explaining can remove interference source ideally, will be appreciated that not to be that whole interference sources all can remove.Yet generally speaking, removing all of any interference source can provide better usefulness than known techniques, supposes that consumption formula (rake) receiver will be handled to improve signal and assemble.
The characteristic of CDMA (CDMA) signal is separated the spread spectrum version compared to it, and cording has more remarkable Gauss (Guassian) to distribute, and, can make independent component analysis (ICA) more be difficult to detect.Yet, remove and close that to be connected in the partial data of wanting signal also be possible, because the importance that signal still can the reserve part statistics be gone up.Again, removing interference source is even more important usually, and the entire gain of being presented in consumption formula (rake) code translator can also be improved.Perhaps, whole decoding processing is can use the alternation means and further the reinforcement.Meaning is promptly: the adding of signal or get rid of system can further check and/or remove signal number system can increase progressively or increase progressively, and decoded signal integrality system can measure to obtain result's improvement/deterioration degree.
The main points of this preferred embodiment are: independent component analysis (ICA) is to be applied to the signal that may discern, and before handling, consumption formula (rake) shall not be applied to CDMA (CDMA) signal, therebetween, CDMA (CDMA) signal system is difficult to identification and/or acquisition.
The present invention's another kind of feature system separates weights relevant for the mixed type minimum average B configuration square error matrix pen bundle via the Blind Signal Separation of field pattern.Please refer to United States Patent (USP) number US6931362, wherein, a plurality of sections are that linear independent summation signals need be provided.Hold system within the United States Patent (USP) number US6931362 present application for patent reference can be provided.Before described antenna array system can substitute a plurality of sections and be applied, yet, handle after United States Patent (USP) number US6931362 discloses and still can use.
Though the present invention has utilized preferred embodiment to describe in detail as above, yet, have the knack of the personage of this technology, understand the present invention's explanation and appended graphic after, also may carry out various adjustment and change to the present invention.In view of this, will be appreciated that the present invention should be not limited to previous described specific preferred embodiment, before spirit of the present invention and scope, putting that the various adjustment of preferred embodiment of the present invention and change also should be contained in following claim.
Claims (22)
1. communicator, in order to the source signal that comes of being originated and being provided by M signal to be provided, this communicator comprises:
One antenna array has N connection antenna module, and in order to receive this M N at least different summations of coming source signal, wherein, N and M are greater than one;
One receiver is connected to this antenna array, and this that receives thus that this M comes source signal be N different summations at least; And
One blind signal separation processor, be connected to this receiver, form a hybrid matrix thus, wherein, this hybrid matrix comprise this M come source signal up to these N different summations at least, and this hybrid matrix cording has and equals the order number of N at least, and this blind signal separation processor system separates the source signal of wanting that comes in this hybrid matrix.
2. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that N=M.
3. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this order number of this hybrid matrix is K, wherein, K＜N, and this blind signal separation processor system separation in this hybrid matrix obtains this M and comes K of source signal to come source signal.
4. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that N＞M.
5. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this N connection antenna module comprises N active antenna, makes this antenna array form a phase place array.
6. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this N connection antenna module comprises at least one active antenna, reaches up to N-1 passive antenna element, makes this antenna array form one and switches beam antenna.
7. communicator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this antenna array forms N antenna beam at least, this that receives thus that this M comes source signal be N different summations at least, wherein, each antenna beam has the 3dB point of maximum gain point below, and the signal refusal of an arriving signal at least one direction is provided thus.
8. communicator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this antenna array forms at least one antenna patterns illustrated, receive this M at least one summation of coming this N different summations of source signal thus, this at least one antenna patterns illustrated does not have the 3dB point of maximum gain point below substantially, therefore no signal refusal in any direction of an arriving signal.
9. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this M comes each summation anchor line (string) of source signal.
10. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this blind signal separation processor is based on principal ingredient analysis (PCA), to separate the source signal that comes that this wants in this hybrid matrix certainly.
11. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this blind signal separation processor system is based on independent component analysis (ICA), separates the source signal that comes that this wants thus in this hybrid matrix.
12. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this blind signal separation processor decomposes (SVD) based on single numerical value, to separate the source signal that comes that this wants in this hybrid matrix certainly.
13. the method for an operation communication device, the source signal that comes of being originated and being provided by M signal is provided this communicator, this communicator comprises: an antenna array, be connected to this antenna array a receiver, and connect a blind signal separation processor of this receiver, this method comprises the following steps:
Receive this M N at least different summations of coming source signal by this antenna array, this antenna array comprises N connection antenna module, and wherein, N and M are greater than one;
This that provides that this M comes source signal at least N different summations to this receiver; And
This that handle that this M of being received by this receiver come source signal at this blind signal separation processor be N different summations at least, and this processing comprises the following steps:
Form a hybrid matrix, wherein, this hybrid matrix comprise this M come source signal up to these N different summations at least, this hybrid matrix has and equals the order number of N at least, and
In this hybrid matrix, separate the source signal that comes that obtains wanting.
14. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, N=M.
15. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, this N connection antenna module comprises N active antenna, makes this antenna array form a phase place array.
16. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, this N connection antenna module comprises at least one active antenna, reaches up to (N-1) individual passive antenna element, makes this antenna array form one and switches beam antenna.
17. method according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, this antenna array forms N antenna beam at least, this that receives thus that this M comes source signal be N different summations at least, wherein, each antenna beam has the 3dB point of a maximum gain point below, so that the signal refusal of an arriving signal at least one direction to be provided.
18. method according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, this antenna array forms at least one antenna patterns illustrated, receive this M at least one summation of coming this N different summations of source signal thus, this at least one antenna patterns illustrated does not have the 3dB point of maximum gain point below substantially, therefore no signal refusal in any direction of an arriving signal.
19. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, this M comes each summation anchor line (string) of source signal.
20. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, this blind signal separation processor is based on principal ingredient analysis (PCA), to separate the source signal that comes that this wants in this hybrid matrix certainly.
21. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, this blind signal separation processor system is based on independent component analysis (ICA), to separate the source signal that comes that this wants in this hybrid matrix certainly.
22. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, this blind signal separation processor system decomposes (SVD) based on single numerical value, to separate the source signal that comes that this wants in this hybrid matrix certainly.
Applications Claiming Priority (19)
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| US60/621,113 | 2004-10-22 | ||
| US60/639,223 | 2004-12-23 | ||
| US11/232,500 | 2005-09-22 |
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| CN2005800320009A Expired - Fee Related CN101027817B (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Blind signal separation using I and Q components |
| CN200580031414XA Expired - Fee Related CN101023557B (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Blind signal separation using array deflection |
| CNA2005800320102A Pending CN101116005A (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Blind signal separation using correlated antenna elements |
| CN2005800319995A Expired - Fee Related CN101027572B (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Blind signal separation using signal path selection |
| CN2005800314012A Expired - Fee Related CN101023372B (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Blind signal separation using a combination of correlated and uncorrelated antenna elements |
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| CN2005800320009A Expired - Fee Related CN101027817B (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Blind signal separation using I and Q components |
| CN200580031414XA Expired - Fee Related CN101023557B (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Blind signal separation using array deflection |
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| CN2005800314012A Expired - Fee Related CN101023372B (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Blind signal separation using a combination of correlated and uncorrelated antenna elements |
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| CN107404371A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of data processing method, apparatus and system |
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| US8175291B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2012-05-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Systems, methods, and apparatus for multi-microphone based speech enhancement |
| CN105429925B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2018-10-19 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Multi-antenna OFDMA signal decoding method based on Fast Independent Component Analysis |
| TWI602399B (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2017-10-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Receiver device applied to mimo system and the control method using the same |
| CN107948114B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2021-02-05 | 桂林电子科技大学 | MIMO blind source signal separation system and signal separation method |
| ES2843774T3 (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2021-07-20 | Thales Man & Services Deutschland Gmbh | A method of operating a plurality of GNSS receivers to detect satellite signal distortion |
| RU2722413C1 (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-05-29 | Акционерное общество научно-внедренческое предприятие "ПРОТЕК" | Device for spatial separation of signals |
| CN111277311B (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2022-03-25 | 电子科技大学 | Active and passive combined beam forming design method for millimeter wave symbiotic communication system |
| CN112599144B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2023-06-06 | Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 | Audio data processing method, audio data processing device, medium and electronic equipment |
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| KR20000041527A (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-07-15 | 최승원 | Apparatus and method for calculating a most suitable weight vector of an antenna system |
| US6275188B1 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-14 | Trw Inc. | Nulling direct radiating array |
| JP2003526238A (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2003-09-02 | エイチアールエル ラボラトリーズ，エルエルシー | Joint mobile antenna system |
| FR2806499B1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2003-10-10 | Thomson Csf | METHOD FOR ESTIMATING AN INTERFERENT SIGNAL CORRELATION MATRIX RECEIVED BY A SENSOR ARRAY |
| CN100369400C (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2008-02-13 | 西南交通大学 | Method of estimating interference ratio of blind signal of retransmitting data based on Hybrid automatic repeated request (HARQ) |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107404371A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of data processing method, apparatus and system |
| US11013030B2 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2021-05-18 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Data processing method, apparatus, and system |
Also Published As
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| CN101023557B (en) | 2012-09-12 |
| CN101027571B (en) | 2011-05-04 |
| CN101027817A (en) | 2007-08-29 |
| CN101023372B (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| CN101023557A (en) | 2007-08-22 |
| CN101023372A (en) | 2007-08-22 |
| ES2349300T3 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
| CN101027571A (en) | 2007-08-29 |
| CN101027572A (en) | 2007-08-29 |
| CN101027572B (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| CN101027817B (en) | 2012-08-08 |
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