CN101100854A - Environment-friendly type soil solidifying agent - Google Patents
Environment-friendly type soil solidifying agent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101100854A CN101100854A CNA2007100123815A CN200710012381A CN101100854A CN 101100854 A CN101100854 A CN 101100854A CN A2007100123815 A CNA2007100123815 A CN A2007100123815A CN 200710012381 A CN200710012381 A CN 200710012381A CN 101100854 A CN101100854 A CN 101100854A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- soil
- sodium
- tons
- aluminum sulfate
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2038—Resistance against physical degradation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
This is a compound material of contents as: one or two from fly ash, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, aluminum oxide; one or two from granulated blast furnace slag, calcium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium silicate, silica oxide; one or two from aluminum potassium sulfate, Portland cement, carbide slag, lime, alunite, gesso; one or two surface active agent from triethanolamine, calcium lignosulphonate and sodium lignosluphonate.
Description
A kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent, the curing soil effect is remarkable, and the scope of application is extensive, and the preparation method is simple and direct, compliance with environmental protection requirements.
One, technical field
Belong to city's construction work category of having stable political situation, be the fine chemical technology field.
Two, background technology
1, to inventing the understanding of " a kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent "
When soil-solidified-agent and after containing the mixing with soil of certain moisture, a series of physical-chemical reactions promptly take place.At first, the acicular crystals of the crystallization water are rich in a large amount of formation in soil, intert to form the intensity skeleton between the soil particle hole.Secondly, the silicates hydrate makes curing system further closely knit among being filled in the intensity skeleton.At last, soil-solidified-agent and part soil particle carry out chemical reaction under the effect of exciting agent, make compacted soil have irreversible favorable durability.
The curing mechanism of soil-solidified-agent should be summarised as physical mechanics process, chemical process and three processes of physical and chemical process.The physical mechanics process is that soil-solidified-agent is when curing soil, soil is through construction technology processes such as pulverizing, screen, mix and stir and roll, and the elementary cell of the soil body is pressed close to each other under the effect of external force and agreed with mutually, thereby reduces the porosity of the soil body, increase compactness, reduce seepage of water.This process is reversible, and the intensity of the soil body can change along with the change of external condition.The physical mechanics process is that the soil-solidified-agent of any kind is necessary when curing soil, because the density of curing soil and the soil-solidified-agent uniformity in the soil body, the formation of intensity is had important function.In fact, the physical mechanics process is to solidify a kind of the simplest of the soil body and fundamental method.And chemical process is meant soil-solidified-agent in the process of curing soil, the reaction of chemical reaction that itself component takes place and some component generation in soil and the soil-solidified-agent etc.The former comprises the hydrolysis of mineral-type soil solidification agent material itself and the carbonation reaction of hydration reaction and Carbon Dioxide in Air, the polymerization of organic firming agent for soil and polycondensation reaction etc.Component in latter's soil-solidified-agent and the pozzolanic reaction between the soil particle, the complex reaction between organic polymer and soil particle surface etc.Physical and chemical process mainly is meant the adsorption process of each component in soil particle and the soil-solidified-agent, comprises physical absorption, chemisorbed and physical and chemical adsorption.Physical absorption is meant that under the effect of molecular force the elementary cell of the soil body is adsorbed on its surface with some component in the soil-solidified-agent, and its surface free energy is minimized.Chemisorbed is meant generation chemical reaction between adsorbent and the adsorbed material and generates new insoluble substance, and form chemical bond between adsorbent and adsorbed material.Physical and chemical adsorption is meant that ion-exchange absorption has taken place for some ion in the soil-solidified-agent and the ion on soil body elementary cell surface.In the physics chemical action process of the soil-solidified-agent and the soil body, the mineral-type soil-solidified-agent mainly is a physical and chemical adsorption.After the dissolving of the calcium salt in the mineral-type soil-solidified-agent and magnesium salts, the sodium ion generation exchange reaction that calcium ion and magnesium ion and soil body elementary cell are adsorbed can increase the agglomeration of soil particle.Organic firming agent for soil mainly is physical absorption and chemisorbed process, such as some group of macromolecular material and the physical absorption between the soil particle, the chemisorbed between macromolecular material and the soil particle etc.More than three kinds of processes different because of the composition of soil-solidified-agent, but these three kinds of processes are not isolated mutually, but connect each other and mutually promote.In these three kinds of processes, have only chemical process and physical and chemical process that the engineering properties such as mechanical property, anti-permeability performance, endurance quality of the soil body are improved, the physical mechanics process then is to guarantee that chemical process and physical and chemical process better play a role.
2, the selected primary raw material of a kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent
A kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent, it is by flyash, aluminum sulfate: Al
2(SO
4)
3, calcium sulfate: CaSO
4, sodium sulphate: Na
2SO
4, sodium carbonate: Na
2CO
2, potash: K
2CO
3, calcium carbonate: CaCO
3In a kind of or two kinds with granulated blast-furnace slag, alundum (Al: Al
2O
3, potassium hydroxide: KOH, calcium oxide: CaO, silicate of soda: Na
2O
nSiO
2, silica: SiO
2In a kind of or two kinds and Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate: KAl (SO
4)
212H
2A kind of in a kind of in O or Portland clinker or carbide slag or lime or alunite or the gypsum or two kinds and surfactant triethanolamine or calcium lignosulfonate or the sodium lignin sulfonate or two kinds, form multiple best complex prescription by attribute separately, through optimizing composite refining forming.
3, the scope of application of the present invention extensively and the curing soil effect remarkable
A kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent is the solid granular of 0.0045mm-0.5mm, and it has the attribute of curing soil.It mainly is applicable to anti-seepage of channels processing and the production of solidified earth prefabricated section; Watch out for bank slope and reinforce; Subgrade strengthening and road surface sclerosis and Soft Ground.
Three, summary of the invention
1, the purpose of invention " a kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent "
For solving at present in construction work and municipal infrastructure construction, employed soil-solidified-agent generally is strong basicity.Because the nature influence of various factors, such as rainwash etc.This alkaline soil-solidified-agent can make the salinization of soil of periphery, and polluted surface water and underground water, has a strong impact on ecological environment.And solving its function singleness in use, anti-permeability performance and intensity are low, Gu native effect and durability are relatively poor.The invention provides a kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent.
2, the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems
A kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent of the present invention, it is by flyash, aluminum sulfate: Al
2(SO
4)
3, calcium sulfate: CaSO
4, sodium sulphate: Na
2SO
4, sodium carbonate: Na
2CO
2, potash: K
2CO
3, alundum (Al: Al
2O
3In a kind of or two kinds with granulated blast-furnace slag, calcium carbonate: CaCO
3, potassium hydroxide: KOH, calcium oxide: CaO, silicate of soda: Na
2O
nSiO
2, silica: SiO
2In a kind of or two kinds and Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate: KAl (SO
4)
212H
2A kind of or two kinds of compositions in a kind of in O or Portland clinker or carbide slag or lime or alunite or the gypsum or two kinds and surfactant triethanolamine or calcium lignosulfonate or the sodium lignin sulfonate, the parts by weight of component of each component is in its technical formula:
Aluminum sulfate: Al
2(SO
4)
31～20 calcium sulfate: CaSO
40.1～10
Sodium sulphate: Na
2SO
40.1～10 sodium carbonate: Na
2CO
20.1～10
Potash: K
2CO
30.1～10 calcium carbonate: CaCO
31～50
Alundum (Al: Al
2O
30.1～10 potassium hydroxide: KOH 0.1～10
Calcium oxide: CaO 0.1～10 silicate of soda: Na
2O
nSiO
20.1～10
Silica: SiO
20.1～10 clinkers: 1～85
Granulated blast-furnace slag: 1～80 flyash: 1～50
Carbide slag or lime: 1～50 Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate: KAl (SO
4)
212H
2O 0.1～10
Alunite or gypsum: 1～30 triethanolamine: 0.01～0.5
Calcium lignosulfonate: 0.01～0.5 sodium lignin sulfonate: 0.01～0.5
A kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent of the present invention is the solid granular of 0.0045mm-0.5mm, and the technology proportioning of soil and soil-solidified-agent is a component 100: 6～15 by weight during use, is suitable for extensive mechanized construction operation.
3., the beneficial effect compared with background technology of a kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent
A kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent of the present invention, good environmental protection.It utilizes natural soil to be cured, and gathers materials on the spot, and reduces construction costs.Good seepage-proof property, cured layer can bear certain pressure, has certain durability, through the water logging bubble argillization does not take place.It has utilized a large amount of trade wastes, has promptly saved raw material, reduces the sandstone consumption, has solved a large amount of trade waste discharging and problem of environmental pollution again, and the protection of ecological environment is had positive role.Its consumption is few, and environment protecting is good, and its main raw material(s) is inorganic matter, and is nontoxic, harmless, pollution-free, all is safe to animal and plant, multinomial function such as have deodorant to taste, sterilizing simultaneously, purify water.It is with low cost, and raw material supply is sufficient and be easy to buying, and production technology is simple and easy to do.It mainly is applicable to anti-seepage of channels processing and the production of solidified earth prefabricated section; Watch out for bank slope and reinforce; Subgrade strengthening and roadbed or road surface sclerosis and Soft Ground are suitable for extensive mechanized construction operation.
Four, the specific embodiment
When environment protection type soil solidifying agent is the solid granular of 0.0045mm-0.5mm:
At first, according to the best of breed prescription of environment protection type soil solidifying agent, required various industrial chemicals are tested.Through check, after being defined as meeting quality specifications, each material is seated in carries out crushing and screening in the mill; Then, each material after pulverizing is seated in carries out grinding in the ball mill, make it reach the quality specifications of 0.0045mm-0.5mm solid granular; Secondly, it is placed to fully to stir in the mixer again and makes it even; Once more, the environment protection type soil solidifying agent sample of gathering finished product carries out test verification; At last, the finished product pack, the storage that are up to the standards after tested is standby, guard against damp during storage.
Embodiment one:
Produce 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents, the parts by weight of component of each component is in its technical formula:
Sodium sulphate: 1 clinker: 15
Granulated blast-furnace slag: 68 flyash: 10
Carbide slag: 5 calcium lignosulfonates: 0.5
Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate: 0.5
With ball mill Portland clinker and granulated blast-furnace slag and flyash are worn into the superfine powder of 0.045mm, after the carbide slag drying, with the sieve of 2mm.68 tons of granulated blast-furnace slags are mixed stirring with 10 tons of flyash with 5 tons of carbide slags with 15 tons of Portland clinkers; make it even; then add 1 ton of anhydrous sodium sulfate and each calcium lignosulfonate of 0.5 ton and Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate and mix stirring once more; make it even, promptly make 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents.
Embodiment two:
Produce 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents, the parts by weight of component of each component is in its technical formula:
Calcium sulfate: 1 granulated blast-furnace slag: 76
Flyash: 10 lime: 10
Alunite: 2 silica:: 0.5
Sodium lignin sulfonate: 0.5
With ball mill granulated blast-furnace slag and flyash and alunite are worn into the superfine powder of 0.045mm, with the sieve of lime with 2mm.76 tons of granulated blast-furnace slags are mixed stirring with 10 tons of flyash with 10 tons of lime; make it even; then add 1 ton of dead plaster and each sodium lignin sulfonate of 0.5 ton and silica and mix stirring once more, make it even, promptly make 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents.
Embodiment three:
Produce 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents, the parts by weight of component of each component is in its technical formula:
Aluminum sulfate: 1 calcium carbonate: 3
Granulated blast-furnace slag: 65 flyash: 15
Lime: 15.5 sodium lignin sulfonates: 0.5
With ball mill granulated blast-furnace slag and flyash are worn into the superfine powder of 0.045mm, with the sieve of lime with 2mm.65 tons of granulated blast-furnace slags are mixed stirring with 15 tons of flyash with 15.5 tons of lime; make it even; then add the sodium lignin sulfonate of 1 ton of aluminum sulfate and 3 tons of calcium carbonate and 0.5 ton and mix once more and stir, make it even, promptly make 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents.
Embodiment four:
Produce 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents, the parts by weight of component of each component is in its technical formula:
Calcium carbonate: 10 calcium sulfate: 1
Granulated blast-furnace slag: 55 flyash: 20
Carbide slag: 13 Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrates: 0.5
Sodium lignin sulfonate: 0.5
With ball mill granulated blast-furnace slag and flyash are worn into the superfine powder of 0.0045mm, after the carbide slag drying, with the sieve of 2mm.55 tons of granulated blast-furnace slags are mixed stirring with 20 tons of flyash with 13 tons of carbide slags; make it even; after then adding 10 tons of calcium carbonate and 1 ton of dead plaster; add each sodium lignin sulfonate of 0.5 ton and 0.5 ton of Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate again and mix stirring once more; make it even, promptly make 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents.
Embodiment five:
Produce 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents, the parts by weight of component of each component is in its technical formula:
Granulated blast-furnace slag: 50 flyash: 35
Calcium oxide: 6 silica: 5
Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate: 0.5 alundum (Al: 3
Calcium lignosulfonate: 0.3 sodium lignin sulfonate: 0.2
Granulated blast-furnace slag and flyash are worn into the superfine powder of 0.045mm with ball mill; with granulated blast-furnace slag: 50 tons with flyash: 35 tons with calcium oxide: 6 tons with silica: 5 tons with Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate: 0.5 ton with alundum (Al: 3 tons are mixed stirring; make it even; then add each 0.5 ton sodium lignin sulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate and mix stirring once more; make it even, promptly make 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents.
Embodiment six:
Produce 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents, the parts by weight of component of each component is in its technical formula:
Sodium sulphate: 1 clinker: 15
Granulated blast-furnace slag: 68 flyash: 10
Lime: 5 calcium lignosulfonates: 0.5
Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate: 0.5
With ball mill Portland clinker and granulated blast-furnace slag and flyash are worn into the superfine powder of 0.045mm, after the lime drying, with the sieve of 2mm.68 tons of granulated blast-furnace slags are mixed stirring with 10 tons of flyash with 5 tons of lime with 15 tons of Portland clinkers; make it even; then add 1 ton of anhydrous sodium sulfate and each calcium lignosulfonate of 0.5 ton and Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate and mix stirring once more; make it even, promptly make 100 tons of environment protection type soil solidifying agents.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent is characterized in that: it is by flyash, aluminum sulfate: Al
2(SO
4)
3, calcium sulfate: CaSO
4, sodium sulphate: Na
2SO
4, sodium carbonate: Na
2CO
2, potash: K
2CO
3, alundum (Al: Al
2O
3In a kind of or two kinds with granulated blast-furnace slag, calcium carbonate: CaCO
3, potassium hydroxide: KOH, calcium oxide: CaO, silicate of soda: Na
2O
nSiO
2, silica: SiO
2In a kind of or two kinds and Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate: KAl (SO
4)
212H
2A kind of or two kinds of compositions in a kind of in O or Portland clinker or carbide slag or lime or alunite or the gypsum or two kinds and surfactant triethanolamine or calcium lignosulfonate or the sodium lignin sulfonate, the parts by weight of component of each component is in its technical formula:
Aluminum sulfate: Al
2(SO
4)
31～20 calcium sulfate: CaSO
40.1～10
Sodium sulphate: Na
2SO
40.1～10 sodium carbonate: Na
2CO
20.1～10
Potash: K
2CO
30.1～10 calcium carbonate: CaCO
31～50
Alundum (Al: Al
2O
30.1～10 potassium hydroxide: KOH 0.1～10
Calcium oxide: CaO 0.1～10 silicate of soda: Na
2O
nSiO
20.1～10
Silica: SiO
20.1～10 clinkers: 1～85
Granulated blast-furnace slag: 1～80 flyash: 1～50
Carbide slag or lime: 1～50 Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate: KAl (SO
4)
212H
2O 0.1～10
Alunite or gypsum: 1～30 triethanolamine: 0.01～0.5
Calcium lignosulfonate: 0.01～0.5 sodium lignin sulfonate: 0.01～0.5.
2, a kind of environment protection type soil solidifying agent according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: it is for the solid granular of 0.0045mm-0.5mm; the technology proportioning of soil and soil-solidified-agent is a component 100: 6～15 by weight during use, is suitable for extensive mechanized construction operation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100123815A CN101100854A (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2007-08-06 | Environment-friendly type soil solidifying agent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100123815A CN101100854A (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2007-08-06 | Environment-friendly type soil solidifying agent |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101100854A true CN101100854A (en) | 2008-01-09 |
Family
ID=39035290
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100123815A Pending CN101100854A (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2007-08-06 | Environment-friendly type soil solidifying agent |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101100854A (en) |
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| CN102173633A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2011-09-07 | 攀枝花九鼎建材有限责任公司 | Activator for improving reactivity of fly ash in cement |
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| CN102604642A (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2012-07-25 | 张宇 | Soil stabilizer |
| CN102628246A (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2012-08-08 | 尚路 | Road construction method adopting compound ion soil stabilizer and carbide slag |
| CN103013526A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-04-03 | 华北水利水电学院 | Soil solidifier and soil solidification method |
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| CN108203269A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-06-26 | 晋中市鸿亮物资再生利用有限公司 | A kind of residue stabilization agent containing industrial waste carbide slag |
| CN110451769A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-15 | 北京本农科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method of curing agent and preparation method thereof, slurry curing |
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