CN101080089A - Control method for network switching of mobile terminal, mobile terminal and system - Google Patents
Control method for network switching of mobile terminal, mobile terminal and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101080089A CN101080089A CNA200610089922XA CN200610089922A CN101080089A CN 101080089 A CN101080089 A CN 101080089A CN A200610089922X A CNA200610089922X A CN A200610089922XA CN 200610089922 A CN200610089922 A CN 200610089922A CN 101080089 A CN101080089 A CN 101080089A
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Abstract
This invention puts forward a multi-network card mobile terminal used in switching among different networks and a switching method including: multiple network interfaces connecting to multiple different networks, a switching unit switching multiple network interfaces to select different networks for communication, a switch control unit dividing all packets sent to networks into data packets and message packets relating to switch and sending the data packets to the current network and sending the message packets relating to switch to all networks to be connected when switching networks and sending all of them to a target network after receiving the message of allowing switching networks then to cut off connection with the current network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network communicating system, particularly the control method of the handover network of the portable terminal of many network interface cards, portable terminal and network communicating system.
Background technology
Along with for example development of GSM, CDMA2000,802.11 (WiFi), 802.15 (Bluetooth, UWB), 802.16 technology such as (WiMax) of multiple radio access technologies, and WiFi, the application of free frequency spectrum radio access technologies such as UWB, the mode that makes the user carry connecting the Internet has had multiple choices.The user wishes to have a kind of portable terminal of multi-network interface.This portable terminal can automatically switch to better network according to the network environment that detects, and this switching can not disturbed the application program of carrying out.Virtual network operator also in the solution of seeking a kind of many network integrations, goes to satisfy this market demand simultaneously.
At present, there have been some to realize that under the prerequisite of interrupted application program not the solution that network switches is suggested.In general, these solutions comprise 2 parts: network side and end side.Network side need identify the position of portable terminal in network, as mobile IP scenario [1] US PatentApplication US2004/0077341 A1, " Multi-interface mobilityclient " and virtual IP address/practical IP conversion plan [2] US Patent Application20050013280, " Method and system for mobility acrossheterogeneous address spaces ", and be provided to the routing information of portable terminal for router.Need in end side: (1) is according to the only network of environmental selection that detects; (2) show portable terminal present located network and the network that will switch; (3) bag is transferred to selecteed network; (4) in order to keep the continuity of application program,, application program do not have the false appearance that changes for providing a kind of network.
Yet early stage work does not give enough attention to performance of handoffs.Wherein, performance of handoffs comprises switch data packet loss, packet switching delay and switches reliability.The switch data packet loss refers in handoff procedure, stops in one network all the time with portable terminal and compares, the quantity of packet loss.The packet switching delay refers in the handoff procedure extra delay to the data packet generation.Switching reliability refers to move to one cannot authorize the network of this node visit or cannot set up the network of mobility protocol with the home network of portable terminal the time, the ability of portable terminal maintenance data packet transmission when portable terminal.
Switch data packet loss and switching delay are to be produced by the synchronism problem in the operations such as mobile detection, authentication, IP address assignment and network site renewal.In handoff procedure, router can not know accurately when portable terminal is connected to new network, when disconnects old network; Equally, portable terminal can not know accurately when router can switch to new network to bag.Therefore, when portable terminal disconnected old network but also do not upgrade positional information in new network, network router can be dealt into downlink data packet in the out-of-date network.Equally, the fire compartment wall of new network and gateway are at MN can abandon before also by new network authorization visit or buffer memory is sent from MN upstream data bag.
In order to solve the problems referred to above that exist in the network switching process, existing mobile IP scenario is realized the route of network by the conversion between virtual IP address and practical IP, by using the intermediate driver between network layer and link layer, network layer is used a unique virtual ip address, link layer uses other real ip address, identifies the position of portable terminal in network.When portable terminal when first subnet switches to second subnet, second subnet will dispose the real ip address of portable terminal, but the virtual ip address of automatic node still remains unchanged.Therefore, the network layer of portable terminal will can not influenced by internetwork switching.
Yet existing mobile IP scenario can not satisfy the user completely to performance demands.At first, when portable terminal from first subnet when second subnet switches, core net is not also known the position of portable terminal, finishes the positional information of upgrading oneself to the authentication of second subnet and in core net and second subnet up to portable terminal.Therefore, because portable terminal needs second subnet registration of time whereabouts and upgrades positional information, data will be lost, and transfer of data will postpone.Secondly, former solution can not judge whether emerging subnet meets the requirement of switching.When portable terminal was found the subnet with better wireless signal, portable terminal was not known also whether this subnet is set up with home network and is supported ambulant agreement.If portable terminal switching in the subnet of not supporting ambulant agreement rashly, transfer of data will be interrupted.
Specifically, the switching flow in patent [1] can cause data-bag lost, has switching delay, and reliable switching can not be provided.Patent [1] can not be initiatively the positional information of renewal portable terminal in core network and the access network newly chosen.Therefore, upgrade in portable terminal also is not able to do in time the access network newly chosen and core network before the positional information of oneself, data will be lost.As a same reason, only between portable terminal and the network interface newly chosen, connect, can not provide enough information to go to guarantee that the network of newly choosing can support mobility to portable terminal.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of many network interface cards portable terminal and changing method thereof of between heterogeneous networks, switching of being used for, the data-bag lost that produces when eliminating many network interface cards portable terminal and between heterogeneous networks, switching and the problem of switching delay.
Many network interface cards portable terminal of the present invention comprises that a switch controller, mobile IP (MobileIP) protocol stack, TCP/UDP protocol stack, IP stack and switching that is made of bag grader and packet scheduler drive and a networking card (include but not limited to 802.3,802.11,802.15,802.16, radio modem).In the process of the seamless switching from the current network to the objective network, the bag grader will be dividing in the uplink packet flow: be used for identifying portable terminal in the network layer message of network position, be used to control MAC layer message, the packet of wireless channel access.Packet scheduler will send/receive the relevant message of these switchings and be dealt into the network interface card that links to each other with objective network, but packet is retained in the current network.Only after switching relevant message success, packet scheduler is comprising that all packets of data and message send to objective network.This present invention's switching flow has been eliminated in objective network and has been upgraded the critical switching delay of forming by moving detection, authentication, new IP address configuration and position.Therefore, in many network interface cards portable terminal of the present invention, the switching of portable terminal between subnet can not produce the switching delay of packet loss phenomenon and data packet transmission.In addition, this switching flow can prevent to interrupt when the portable terminal accident from switching to disabled subnet the transmission of packet.
The device of the portable terminal of this patent and corresponding method data being switched to before the objective network, are updated in the routing configuration in objective network and the core network.The present invention utilizes method for synchronizing time to go to reach above-mentioned target.
The effect that the present invention has is: 1) portable terminal is in the performance that can not have influence on transfer of data to the handoff procedure of objective network; 2) even occur unexpectedly to the switching of objective network, can not be affected in the transfer of data of current network yet.3) provide the framework of the switching that a kind of QoS of having ensures.
The present invention utilizes between a plurality of subnets device for switching and the method for the portable terminal realization of many interfaces based on mobile IP.This terminal comprises a series of corresponding device driver network interface, network layer, the energy and the current many interface drive programs of each network interface of comprising: these many interface drive programs can switch to second network interface to network layer from first network interface with communicating by letter automatically, and to the hiding handoff procedure of network layer.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of mobile communication system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of portable terminal of the present invention.
It is the message sequence chart that example is showed the seamless switching process that Fig. 3 is to use mobile IPv 4.
The state transition diagram of portable terminal when Fig. 4 is the network switching.
Fig. 5 is the hardware configuration of portable terminal.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that portable terminal starts.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart that network by mobile terminal switches.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart that the home agent handle mobile terminal switches
Embodiment
The multi-network interface portable terminal that utilizes of the present invention is realized method for switching among heterogeneous networks.With
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of mobile communication system of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, system comprises portable terminal 100, field network 30 and 40, home network 20 and Correspondent Node 50.Field network 30,40, home network 20 and Correspondent Node 50 are connected on the Internet 10.
Portable terminal can be the mobile wireless device of any type.For example, portable terminal can be cell phone, personal digital assistant or kneetop computer.
Fig. 2 example the functional block diagram of portable terminal 100.The portable terminal here can be the mobile wireless device of the above-mentioned any type of mentioning.
Portable terminal comprises that also the described protocol stack of realizing according to ietf standard comprises the responsible mobile IP module 130 of mobile terminal locations and the TCP/UDP module 140 and the IP module 150 that reaches responsible IP layer data processing of responsible transfer of data upgraded.
In addition, portable terminal also comprises the switch control unit 160 that carries out the network switching.In switch control unit 160, comprise grader 161, packet scheduler 162.161 of graders of bag and the relevant signaling of switching are separated from all upstream datas.Promptly all bags are divided into: the data of the service of support application program; Link layer (L2) message of management Link State between portable terminal and access node; Network layer (L3) message of expression portable terminal position in network;
Fig. 3 uses mobile IPv 4 to be example, has shown that the foreign agent services device 1 (FA1) 31 from current field network 30 of the present invention moves to the message sequence chart of foreign agent services device 2 (FA2) the 41 seamless switching processes of objective network 40.Clear in order to express, we are illustrated respectively in all bag flows on message time sequence Figure 30 1, downlink data Figure 30 2 and upstream data Figure 30 3.Message time sequence Figure 30 1 has described the message sequence in the seamless switching process.Downlink data Figure 30 2 has represented to be dealt into from Correspondent Node 50 route of the downlink data 311 of portable terminal 100.Upstream data Figure 30 3 has represented to be dealt into from portable terminal 100 route of the upstream data 312 of Correspondent Node 50.Handoff procedure passes through timestamp t0 in these three subgraphs, t1, and t2, t3, t4, t5 is synchronous.
Before t0, portable terminal 100 is connected on the field network 30 of current use.At this moment, packet scheduler 161 sends to all bags of receiving from the IP layer on the network interface card that links to each other with field network 30.Up packet 312 is dealt into foreign agent services device 31 from portable terminal 100, is sent to home agent services device 21 by the IPinIP tunnel in nonlocal acting server 31 and 21 foundation of home agent services device then, finally arrives Correspondent Node 50.And the downlink data packet 311 that produces from Correspondent Node 50, at first send to home agent services device 21, IPinIP tunnel by 21 of foreign agent services device 31 and home agent services devices sends to foreign agent services device 31 then, is handing to portable terminal 100 by foreign agent services device 31 at last.
At t0 constantly, switch commencing signal 319 when switch unit 120 triggers, the network 30 that connects from current use is switched to objective network 40, bag grader 161 and packet scheduler 162 in the switch control unit 160 are started working.In time between t0 and t1, bag grader 161 identifies the authentication message 315 of issuing objective network 40, and authentication message is sent by network interface card.Packet scheduler 162 is distributed to objective network 40 to authentication message 315, but keeps upstream data bag 312 and downlink data packet 311 in current network 30.
Be authorized to use the authentication message Auth.OK 316 of objective network 40 if receive expression portable terminal 100, then state t1 starts; Otherwise switch control unit 160 will turn back to the state before the t0.Therefore, the authentification failure to objective network 40 can not have influence on the application program of moving at current field network 30 110.In addition, above-mentioned authentication is meant the authentication of link layer.
From t1, the mobile IPv 4 protocol stack 130 of portable terminal 100 produces a RRQ-2 (register requirement Registration Request) message 317, issues switch control unit 160.This register requirement comprises that request upgrades about portable terminal 100 positions and to the authentication of network layer identification in the routing table of local acting server.Bag grader 161 identifies RRQ-2 317 from uplink packet flow 312.Packet scheduler 162 is issued the network interface card 1701 that links to each other with objective network 40 to RRQ-2 317, upstream data bag 312 is issued the network interface card 1702 that links to each other with the network 30 of current use.Foreign agent services device 41 is transmitted to home agent services device 21 to RRQ-2 317.
At t3 constantly, if home agent services device 21 has been accepted RRQ-2 317, the information about portable terminal 100 positions in the routing table of home agent services device 21 will be updated to Foreign Agent 41 from foreign agent services device 31; And home agent services device 21 is answered RRP-2 (Registration RePly is replied in registration) message 318 by Foreign Agent 41 and is given portable terminal 100.Routing table update on local acting server 21 is, will issue the route of downlink data packet 311 of portable terminal 100 from changing into by foreign agent services device 41 by foreign agent services device 31.
At t4 constantly, receive RRP-2 318 when the mobile IP protocol stack that the mobile IP module 130 of portable terminal 100 is had, portable terminal 100 knows that mobile IP succeeds in registration to objective network 40.At this moment, mobile IP module 130 is accepted handover event 320 to switch control unit 160 notices.After switch control unit 160 received to accept handover event 320, packet scheduler 162 switched to all bags on the network interface card 1702 that links to each other with objective network 40.
At t5 constantly, the flow process of seamless switching is finished.
For the state consistency of the mobile IP protocol stack that guarantees portable terminal 100, in the time period of t5, bag grader 161 abandons the mobile IP message of receiving from current use network 30 at moment t1.But all packets all are accepted, and no matter are that receive or objective network 40 is received from current network 30.
30 seamless switching flow process is similar to flow process shown in Figure 3 from field network 40 to field network.
More than be that example has illustrated the flow process that network switches with the mobile IPv 4, but the present invention is suitable for too for mobile Ipv6 and other communication protocol.For example, under the situation of mobile Ipv6, just RRQ and RRP have carried out corresponding replacement.
Fig. 4 is switch control unit 160 switches to the network interface card NIC2 1701 that links to each other with second network from the network interface card NIC1 1702 (network interface unit Network Interface Card) that links to each other with first network a state transition diagram.In the module map of portable terminal 100, NIC11702 links to each other with the foreign agent services device 31 of first network, and NIC2 1701 links to each other with the foreign agent services device 41 of second network.
At FA1 territory 402 states, portable terminal 100 is fully operational in the current network 30, objective network 40 is not had any dependence.The all uplink packet that comprise data and handover-related message send to NIC1 1702.All downlink datas receive simultaneously from NIC1 1702 and NIC2 1701, and submit to IP layer 150.
At FA2 territory 404 states, portable terminal 100 is fully operational in the objective network 40, current network 30 is not had any dependence.The all uplink packet that comprise data and handover-related message send to NIC2 1701.All downlink datas receive simultaneously from NIC1 1702 and NIC2 1701, and submit to IP layer 150.
Registering 403 states from FA1 to FA2 is that portable terminal 100 is by the transition state of FA1 territory 402 states to FA2 territory 404 state exchanges.Bag grader 161 is divided into bag packet and switches relevant message bag two partly.Up packet 312 is sent to NIC1 1702; Descending packet 311 receives and submits to IP layer 150 by NIC1 1702 and NIC2 1701.But, switch relevant message bag and issue NIC2 1701, go to be based upon the new IPinIP tunnel between foreign agent services device 41 and the home agent services device 21.
Registering 405 states from FA2 to FA1 is that portable terminal 100 is by the transition state of FA2 territory 404 states to FA1 territory 402 state exchanges.Bag grader 161 is divided into bag packet and switches relevant message bag two partly.Up packet 312 is sent to NIC2 1701; Descending packet 311 receives and submits to IP layer 150 by NIC1 1702 and NIC2 1701.But, switch relevant message bag and issue NIC1 1702, go to be based upon the new IPinIP tunnel between foreign agent services device 31 and the home agent services device 21.
Fig. 5 has described the hardware configuration of multi-network interface portable terminal 100 of the present invention.This terminal comprises: processor 500, memory device 510, memory chip 520, display device 530, user interface 540, belong in the networking card 170 one network interface card at least.These network interface cards include but not limited to 802.3 network interface cards, 171,802.11 network interface cards, 172,802.15 network interface cards, 173,802.16 network interface cards 174, cdma modem 175, GSM modulator-demodulator 176.These network interfaces 170 have independently antenna 562,563,564,565,566, or a shared antenna.
Fig. 6 represents the flow chart of portable terminal start-up course of the present invention.When the portable terminal 100 of a multi-network interface starts 601, it at first surveys available access network 602 on every side.If available access network 603 is arranged on every side, portable terminal 100 will connect only network 604 according to predetermined switchover policy 610, and to this network registry route 605.Should predetermined switchover policy for example can be communication quality of the best or the most cheap communication expense etc.If portable terminal 100 is registration route 606 in the access network of choosing successfully, then start-up course finishes 609, and transfer of data begins, and control flows enters 700 operations of Fig. 7.If portable terminal 100 does not detect available access network in operation 603, whether it is closed 607 by the user with the service of self check network: if portable terminal will close 611; If not, portable terminal 608 is surveyed available network 602 after with rest a period of time again.
Fig. 7 represents the flow chart of seamless switching of the present invention.After portable terminal 100 complete operations 609, it is desirable seamless switching 700 all set just.At first, portable terminal 100 waits for a period of time and 701 goes the operation of avoiding too frequent; Check then whether the network service is closed 702 by the user: if portable terminal 100 will finish operation 715; If not, portable terminal will be checked the switch mode 703 of oneself.If automatic switchover mode, portable terminal will be surveyed available network 704 on every side, and whether find a more suitably network 705 according to switchover policy 610 decisions that define.If more suitably network does not occur, portable terminal will be got back to 701 and wait for detection circulation next time; Otherwise portable terminal will begin the reliable seamless switching 706 to the access network of newly choosing.If at 703 o'clock was the manual switchover pattern, portable terminal 100 will check whether the user has selected a different access network 714: if not, portable terminal will get back to 701; If portable terminal will begin to carry out reliable seamless switching 706 to the network of choosing.
When portable terminal 100 beginning when the network of choosing carries out seamless switching 706, it triggers the switching commencing signal 319 among Fig. 3.At first, portable terminal remains on all data in the network of current use 707, is attempting going to connect the objective network of choosing 708 then.If portable terminal does not have the linking objective network 709 of success, because problems such as authentication, charging and QoS availabilities, it will get back to 701.If the linking objective network 709 of portable terminal success, it will go in objective network and core network the position of oneself to be updated to objective network 710 from old access network to the message that objective network sends a network layer.
If the position 711 of the renewal of portable terminal success oneself, it will accept the request that switches to objective network 712 that produces by 706, and produce and accept handover event 320 among Fig. 3.If portable terminal successfully is not updated to the position 710 in the objective network, it will be got back to 701 and also wait for circulation next time.
When handoff request is accepted 712, portable terminal will switch to the network interface 713 that links to each other with new network to all upstream datas from old network interface, wait for then being upgraded by 804 positions of sending and finish message 716.When 716 finish after, portable terminal break with old network be connected 717, and return 701.Because the succession of Network Transmission receives that finishing message from the 804 positions renewals of sending just means that portable terminal has had the enough time to remove to accept the downlink data that all mail to old network, this moment breaks again and not being connected of old network can be caused obliterated data.
According to the flow chart of the reliable seamless switching of Fig. 7, because the delay that is produced by the negotiation of operation 708-713 can not have influence on the transfer of data of portable terminal 100, performance of handoffs is improved greatly.In addition, any transfer of data that unusually can not interfering mobile terminal 100 that produces among the 708-713 in operation.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of home agent services device 21 when portable terminal switches.When local acting server 21 brings into operation after 800 the position updating request 801 that it will wait standby communication terminal 100 to send; If it accepts the position updating request 802 of portable terminal, home agent will switch to new network 803 to the downlink data 311 of issuing portable terminal from old network, send out one by old network to portable terminal then and confirm the received message 804 of position updating request, and return 801 and wait for new position updating request.If home agent is not accepted the position updating request 802 of portable terminal, it will return 801.
Claims (20)
1. the portable terminal among the mobile network comprises:
A plurality of network interfaces connect with a plurality of different networks;
Switch unit switches above-mentioned a plurality of network interfaces, to select communicating connection with different networks;
Switch control unit,
When handover network, all bags that mail to network are divided into packet and the message bag relevant with switching,
Network to current use is that current network sends described packet, and to being that objective network sends the message bag relevant with switching as the network that will connect,
After receiving the message that allows handover network, above-mentioned all bags that mail to network are issued objective network, disconnection and current network is connected then.
2. portable terminal according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described portable terminal is cell phone, personal digital assistant or kneetop computer.
3. portable terminal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described transmission with the process of switching relevant message bag to objective network comprises, described switch control unit sends authentication request via objective network to the home agent services device, after obtaining authentication, send the register requirement of the network layer message of the link layer message that comprises the portable terminal registration message and mobile terminal position updating request.
4. portable terminal according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described message that allows handover network of receiving is that message is replied in the registration of receiving the home agent services device.
5. mobile terminal device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described portable terminal is based on the portable terminal of IP network.
6. portable terminal as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises protocol stack, and described protocol stack comprises mobile IP module, TCP/UDP module and the IP module of being responsible for upgrading mobile terminal locations.
7. as each described portable terminal of claim 1 to 6, comprise that also described switch control unit comprises grader and packet scheduler; Described bag grader is divided into packet and the message bag relevant with switching to the bag that all mail to above-mentioned network, and described packet scheduler is distributed to packet and the message bag relevant with switching the network interface of appointment.
8. portable terminal as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned network switching process, the bag grader is identifying with the relevant message of switching in the downlink data, and abandon the signaling that receives from current use network interface, keep the consistency of agreement.
9. portable terminal as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described IP network is based on IPV4 protocol of I P network.
10. portable terminal as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described IP network is based on IPV6 protocol of I P network.
11. the control method that the network of a portable terminal switches, described portable terminal comprises: a plurality of network interfaces connect with a plurality of different networks; Switch unit switches above-mentioned a plurality of network interfaces, to select communicating connection with different networks; Switch control unit, the switching of Control Network,
Described control method comprises:
Described switch unit handover network interface switches to objective network from current network;
When handover network, described switch control unit is divided into packet and the message bag relevant with switching to the bag that all mail to network,
Network to current use is that current network sends described packet, and to being that objective network sends the message bag relevant with switching as the network that will connect,
After receiving the message that allows handover network, above-mentioned all bags that mail to network are issued
Objective network disconnects and being connected of current network then.
12. method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, describedly send the message bag relevant to objective network and comprise with switching, described switch control unit sends authentication request via objective network to the home agent services device, after obtaining authentication, send the register requirement of the network layer message of the link layer message that comprises the portable terminal registration message and mobile terminal position updating request.
13. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, the described message that allows handover network of receiving is that message is replied in the registration of receiving the home agent services device.
14. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described portable terminal is based on the portable terminal of IP network.
15. portable terminal as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, in above-mentioned network switching process, in the downlink data with switch relevant message and identify, and abandon the signaling that receives from current use network interface, keep the consistency of agreement.
16. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described IP network is based on IPV4 protocol of I P network.
17. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described IP network is based on IPV6 protocol of I P network.
18. a mobile network communication system comprises:
Portable terminal, a plurality of field network, home network, internet,, described portable terminal is via described field network, internet and opposite end network service, and described home network is connected with described internet,
Described field network comprises foreign agent services device, nonlocal aaa server, and described home network comprises home agent services device, hometown AAA server,
It is characterized in that,
Portable terminal comprises:
A plurality of network interfaces connect with a plurality of different networks;
Switch unit switches above-mentioned a plurality of network interfaces, to select communicating connection with different networks;
Switch control unit,
When handover network, all bags that mail to network are divided into packet and the message bag relevant with switching,
Field network to current use is that current network sends described packet, and to being that objective network sends the message bag relevant with switching as the field network that will connect,
Receive the message that allows handover network from described home agent services device after, above-mentioned all bags that mail to network are issued objective network, disconnection and current network is connected then.
19. system according to claim 18, it is characterized in that, the described transmission with the process of switching relevant message bag to objective network comprises, described switch control unit sends authentication request via objective network to described home agent services device, after obtaining authentication, described switch control unit sends the register requirement of the network layer message that comprises the mobile terminal position updating request to described hometown AAA server, and the positional information of relevant portable terminal is updated in the described home agent services device.
20. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, the described message that allows handover network of receiving is that message is replied in the registration of receiving described home agent services device.
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| CNA200610089922XA CN101080089A (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2006-05-26 | Control method for network switching of mobile terminal, mobile terminal and system |
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| CN101951643A (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2011-01-19 | 美商威睿电通公司 | Method, the Apparatus and system of communication joining procedure |
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