CN101043633A - Quantization matrix selecting method, apparatus of coding and coding/decoding method and system - Google Patents
Quantization matrix selecting method, apparatus of coding and coding/decoding method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The disclosed selecting method for quantizing matrix comprises: A. determining the position of current coding block, quantizing the block with high-precise quantizing matrix if current block as the initial one, or else going to next step; B. obtaining the non-zero coefficient number predicted value (NumCoeffPred) for current block; and C. comparing the predicted value with threshold, and selecting the high-/low-precise quantizing matrix if over/lower the threshold. This invention saves coding bit, and improves coding efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, relate in particular to quantization matrix system of selection in a kind of coding in the image processing, device and decoding method and system.
Background technology
Video coding is guaranteeing to characterize original video sequence with the least possible bit under the distortionless prerequisite by methods such as prediction, conversion, quantification, entropy codings.Current employing is the most extensive and what be applied to most of universal standard is the hybrid video coding structure---and the original series frame is at first by in the frame or inter prediction generation forecast frame, subtract each other by primitive frame and predictive frame again and obtain residual error coefficient, then residual error coefficient is carried out change quantization, at last the value that quantizes to obtain is carried out entropy coding and write code stream transmission or storage.
Quantification technique in the video coding is some inessential coefficients that are used to remove the residual error territory, keep the very important coefficient of sub-fraction, thereby residual error coefficient to be encoded is further focused in limited, the discrete individual parameters, generation is more suitable for the coefficient stream of entropy coding, to obtain more effective entropy coding result, reduce encoder bit rate, improve code efficiency.For mixed coding framework based on piecemeal, the quantified precision of coefficient, be the size of quantization step distance, by the quantization matrix definition, quantization step is apart from more little, the precision that quantizes is high more, the information loss that quantification causes is just more little, and it is just few more that performance reduces, but the number of the nonzero coefficient that such quantification produces is many, need more bits to carry out entropy coding, code check is than higher; Otherwise quantization step is apart from big more, and the precision of quantification is just low more, and it is big more to quantize the information loss that causes, and it is many more that performance reduces, but the number of nonzero coefficient seldom after quantizing, and only needs bit seldom just can realize encoding, and can effectively save code check.In existing coding standard, all adopt identical quantization matrix for different frame types, different coefficient type and each pieces, but, because the diversity of video content feature, and the difference of coding techniques, adopt fixing quantization matrix can not well adapt to the residual error coefficient feature, coefficient distributes and does not concentrate after the quantification that causes generating, thereby can't reach better coding effect, study adaptive quantification technique and under this background, propose.
Adaptive quantizing generally speaking is according to features such as input coefficient position, types, selects modes such as different quantified precisions, choice and quantification skew to obtain better code efficiency.
The technical scheme of prior art one is Gary J.Sullivan on platform H.264, design based on the adaptive quantizing scheme that waits expectation.This technology is regulated quantification choice skew (AdaptiveQuantization Rounding Offset Adjustment) by self adaptation different coefficients is carried out different quantification choice operations, and this is offset based on the principle of expectations (Equal Expected Value) such as coefficient before and after the quantification and adjusts.Characteristics at different frame (I, B, P frame), different coefficient (AC, DC), coefficient is divided into following 11 classifications, wherein, the I frame is the infra-frame prediction frame, the coding of this frame does not use the information of other frames, but this frame information can be as the reference information of P frame or B frame coding, and the importance in sequence is the highest; The P frame is the single directional prediction frame, and the coding of this frame only uses the I frame that is in before this frame or the information of P frame in playing sequence, and himself information can be used for follow-up P frame or B frame coding, and its importance is only second to the I frame; The B frame is a bi-directional predicted frames, the coding of this frame uses simultaneously and is in before this frame in playing sequence and the information of I frame afterwards or P frame, this frame information is not used in the coding of follow-up other frames, can not influence overall performance if therefore abandon also at decode procedure, and importance is minimum.The AC coefficient is meant the high frequency coefficient that residual error coefficient generates after conversion, the DC coefficient is meant the low frequency coefficient that residual error coefficient generates after conversion, and owing to the coefficient susceptibility difference of human eye for different frequency, low frequency coefficient relative high frequency coefficient is more important.
Brightness Intra16 * 16 DC coefficients;
P frame brightness Inter AC coefficient;
B frame colourity Inter AC coefficient;
Expect principle according to waiting before and after quantizing, and predict that by the used skew of forerunner's quantization parameter current quantization parameter skew quantizes.
The scheme of prior art one mainly is to propose at the round-off error of integer coding, and is therefore lower at code check, under the bigger situation of quantization parameter, do not have the lifting of performance substantially, and range of application is very limited.
In the technical scheme of prior art two, people such as J.Lu according to human eye for the different different characteristics of coefficient distribution susceptibility, at the different quantization matrix of the coefficients by using of diverse location in the piece, promptly, use different quantization matrixes to quantize for the coefficient A and the B of the diverse location among this 4 * 4 of Fig. 1.This method has been accepted as the coding tools of FRExt by JVT.
Prior art two is selected different quantization matrixes according to the relative position of coefficient in encoding block, because the different quantization matrix of coefficients by using of diverse location, Code And Decode need be stored a large amount of quantization matrixes, and switch at quantizing process, improved the memory space and the computing cost of coefficient.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides quantization matrix system of selection in a kind of coding, device and decoding method and system, be used for solving the Code And Decode process performance decline that brings owing to the quantization matrix selection scheme is reasonable inadequately that the conventional images coding techniques exists, the problem of system resource waste, the present invention adopts following technical scheme for this reason:
Quantization matrix system of selection in a kind of coding of the present invention comprises:
A, judgement present encoding piece present position if the present encoding piece is a starting block, are then adopted the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized, otherwise are entered step B;
B, obtain present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred;
C, described predicted value NumCoeffPred is compared with the threshold value of setting,, otherwise adopt the low-accuracy quantification matrix that residual error is quantized if be higher than described threshold value then adopt the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized.
In the described steps A, described present encoding piece can be positioned at I frame, P frame or B frame.
Among the described step B, according to the adjacent block nonzero coefficient number of current block, the nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred of prediction current block.
Described step B further comprises:
Nonzero coefficient number after the quantification of the adjacent block of B1, extraction present encoding piece;
B2, according to nonzero coefficient number after the quantification of the adjacent block of described present encoding piece, the nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred of prediction current block.
Among the described step B1, the number of nonzero coefficient is respectively NumCoeffUp and NumCoeffL after the last piece of current block and the quantification of left piece;
Described step B2 further comprises:
If last piece and left piece all exist, NumCoeffPred=(NumCoeffUp+NumCoeffL)/2;
If only left piece exists, NumCoeffPred=NumCoeffL;
If last piece exists, NumCoeffPred=NumCoeffUp.
Among the described step C, described threshold value is 16.
In the described steps A, after employing high accuracy quantization matrix quantized residual error, the storage current block quantized the number of back nonzero coefficient.
Quantization matrix choice device in a kind of coding of the present invention comprises
Judging unit is used to judge present encoding piece present position, if the present encoding piece is a starting block, then adopts the high accuracy quantization matrix to quantize;
Present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number acquiring unit is used to obtain present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred;
Comparing unit is used for described predicted value NumCoeffPred is compared with the threshold value of setting, if be higher than described threshold value then adopt the high accuracy quantization matrix, otherwise adopts the low-accuracy quantification matrix.
Described present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number acquiring unit further comprises:
Adjacent block nonzero coefficient acquiring unit is used to extract nonzero coefficient after the quantification of adjacent block of present encoding piece.
Decoding method of the present invention comprises:
Primitive frame and predictive frame are subtracted each other the generation residual error, and residual error is carried out conversion;
Select quantization matrix that described residual error is quantized;
The coefficient that quantizes the back generation is carried out entropy coding, and the data behind the entropy coding are write code stream, be sent to receiving terminal;
The receiving terminal described code stream of decoding obtains corresponding data;
Described selection quantization matrix step adopts aforesaid quantization matrix system of selection.
Coding/decoding system of the present invention comprises:
The residual error generation unit is used for primitive frame and predictive frame are subtracted each other the generation residual error;
Converter unit is used for residual error is carried out conversion;
The quantization matrix choice device is used to select quantization matrix that described residual error is quantized;
The entropy coding unit is used for the coefficient that quantizes the back generation is carried out entropy coding, and the data behind the entropy coding is write code stream;
Decoding unit is used to carry out decode operation, obtains corresponding data;
Described quantization matrix choice device adopts aforesaid quantization matrix choice device.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention program is owing to adopt adaptive quantization matrix to select, can obviously save coded-bit, promote code efficiency, existing relatively adaptive quantizing technology, the decision process of this method is simple, picture quality is steady, and the range of code rates that this scheme is suitable for is extensive, can both play the effect that promotes performance to various code checks.This scheme can be applied in any block-based mixing type coding framework in addition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the coefficient A of diverse location in the prior art and the schematic diagram that B is provided with respectively;
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the refinement flow chart of step S220 among the present invention program;
Fig. 4 is to be the schematic diagram that concerns of present encoding piece and adjacent block among the present invention program;
Fig. 5 is the extracting method flow chart of adjacent piece nonzero coefficient in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the Forecasting Methodology flow chart of current block nonzero coefficient number in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is that flow chart is selected in the quantification based on adjacent piece information of forecasting in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is quantization matrix choice device structural representation in the present invention's coding
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of decoding method of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the structure chart of coding/decoding system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
Quantization matrix system of selection provided by the invention, based on the zero coefficient values of piece position and adjacent block, the quantization matrix that prediction and definite current block use, thereby in the process of coding adaptive adjustment quantization matrix, when promoting performance, guarantee the steady of video quality.
As shown in Figure 2, be schematic flow sheet of the present invention, as seen from the figure, the present invention includes following steps:
S210, judgement present encoding piece present position if the present encoding piece is a starting block, are then adopted the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized, otherwise are entered step S220;
For band in the bi-directional predicted frames or image starting block, promptly first encoding block of band or image adopts the high accuracy quantization matrix, and the quantization matrix of other pieces is by the prediction value decision of current block nonzero coefficient number.
The present invention program is applicable to I frame, P frame and B frame type, because the information of bi-directional predicted frames is not used in the coding of other frames, the reduction of bi-directional predicted frames performance can not influence the performance of other important frame, therefore uses the adaptive quantizing technology in bi-directional predicted frames.When if present frame is bi-directional predicted frames, use adaptive quantizing, for non-bi-directional predicted frames, can use the high accuracy quantization matrix or use the adaptive quantizing matrix based on system requirements according to the present invention program.
S220, obtain present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred;
If in step S210, the present encoding piece is not a starting block, then adopts based on the quantization matrix of adjacent piece information of forecasting and selects, and as shown in Figure 3, specifically can may further comprise the steps:
S221, the adjacent piece of extraction quantize the number of back nonzero coefficient;
As shown in Figure 4, be the schematic diagram that concerns of present encoding piece and adjacent block, the adjacent block of current block E is respectively left piece A and last piece B, in this step, the number of nonzero coefficient after the quantification of the adjacent block of extraction current block E is to generate the predicted value of current block nonzero coefficient number.
Concrete grammar is, judges whether the last piece B of current block and left piece A exist, if exist, then stores the number NumCoeffUp and the NumCoeffL of the nonzero coefficient of the two respectively.
S222, quantize the nonzero coefficient number of the number prediction current block of back nonzero coefficient according to adjacent piece;
Predicted value NumCoeffPred according to specific algorithm computation current block nonzero coefficient number:
If last piece and left piece all exist, NumCoeffPred=(NumCoeffUp+NumCoeffL)/2;
If only left piece exists, NumCoeffPred=NumCoeffL;
If last piece exists, NumCoeffPred=NumCoeffUp.
S230, described predicted value NumCoeffPred is compared with the threshold value of setting,, otherwise adopt the low-accuracy quantification matrix that residual error is quantized if be higher than described threshold value then adopt the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized.
If the NumCoeffPred that obtains among the step S220 less than threshold T h1, then adopts the low-accuracy quantification matrix that residual error is quantized, otherwise adopt the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized.
Above-mentioned threshold T h1 value is subjected to the influence of the information such as range of code rates of the texture of size (still is 8 * 8 piecemeal as adopting 4 * 4 piecemeal), sequence of encoding block and motion feature, coding output, usually adopt a plurality of sequences and various code rate scope added up and obtain, for example, in 8 * 8 block encodings, Th1 can be taken as 16, promptly when NumCoeffPred less than 16 the time, adopt the low-accuracy quantification matrix that residual error is quantized, otherwise adopt the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized.
In addition, this threshold value is also relevant with frame type, and above-mentioned Th1 value is 16 to be that if change I frame or P frame into, this value might change in bi-directional predicted frames (B frame), and this needs decide as the case may be.
See a specific embodiment below, among this embodiment,,, adopt the high accuracy quantization matrix for infra-frame prediction frame and single directional prediction frame to the adaptively selected quantization matrix of bidirectional frame.Comprise following key point:
(1) judge based on the quantization method of frame type:
Main consideration adaptive quantizing is determined the quantization method of dissimilar frames in the following way to the influence and the reference role that each image is played of picture quality in mixed coding framework:
If present frame is infra-frame prediction frame or single directional prediction frame, use the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized;
If present frame is a bi-directional predicted frames, use the adaptive quantizing technology, choosing by piece position and adjacent piece information of forecasting of quantization matrix determines.
(2) judge based on the quantization method of piece position:
For the image that uses the adaptive quantizing technology, the basic coding piece determines to adopt quantization method in the following way:
If current block is band or image starting block, use the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized, and storage quantize the number of back nonzero coefficient;
Otherwise choosing by adjacent piece information of forecasting of quantization matrix determines.
Whether be in band or image is initial for piece, by judge its left piece and last piece whether exist and decide, if the two does not exist, then be starting block.
(3) based on the quantization method of adjacent piece information of forecasting
For the piece that uses adjacent block message decision quantization matrix, determine quantization matrix in the following way:
At first, extract a nonzero coefficient numerical value of adjacent block, extracting method as shown in Figure 5.
Then, according to the adjacent piece nonzero coefficient number of extracting, the nonzero coefficient number of prediction current block, method is as shown in Figure 6.
At last, determine the quantization method that current block adopts, and store the nonzero coefficient number after current block quantizes, be used for extracting the usefulness of adjacent piece nonzero coefficient number as subsequent encoded blocks in subsequent received according to the scope of predicted value.Method as shown in Figure 7.
In AVS1-P2 or AVS1-P2Xprofile, the inverse quantization matrix of high accuracy quantization matrix correspondence is A, the inverse quantization matrix such as the B:A={ of low-accuracy quantification matrix correspondence
32768,36061,38968,42495,46341,50535,55437,60424,
32932,35734,38968,42495,46177,50535,55109,59933,
65535,35734,38968,42577,46341,50617,55027,60097,
32809,35734,38968,42454,46382,50576,55109,60056,
65535,35734,38968,42495,46320,50515,55109,60076,
65535,35744,38968,42495,46341,50535,55099,60087,
65535,35734,38973,42500,46341,50535,55109,60097,
32771,35734,38965,42497,46341,50535,55109,60099 }B={
32932,35734,38968,42495,46177,50535,55109,59933,
65535,35734,38968,42577,46341,50617,55027,60097,
32809,35734,38968,42454,46382,50576,55109,60056,
65535,35734,38968,42495,46320,50515,55109,60076,
65535,35744,38968,42495,46341,50535,55099,60087,
65535,35734,38973,42500,46341,50535,55109,60097,
32771,35734,38965,42497,46341,50535,55109,60099,
32771,35734,38965,42497,46341,50576,55109,59933 }
As shown in Figure 8, be quantization matrix choice device structural representation during the present invention encodes, as seen from the figure, mainly comprise:
Judging unit 810 is used to judge present encoding piece present position, if the present encoding piece is a starting block, then adopts the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized;
Present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number acquiring unit 820 is used to obtain present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred;
Comparing unit 830 is used for described predicted value NumCoeffPred is compared with the threshold value of setting, if be higher than described threshold value then adopt the high accuracy quantization matrix, otherwise adopts the low-accuracy quantification matrix.
Described present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number acquiring unit 820 further comprises:
Adjacent block nonzero coefficient acquiring unit 821 is used to extract nonzero coefficient number after the quantification of adjacent block of present encoding piece.
The present invention also comprises a kind of decoding method, and this decoding method uses aforesaid quantization matrix system of selection.As shown in Figure 9, be the flow chart of decoding method of the present invention, may further comprise the steps:
S910, primitive frame and predictive frame are subtracted each other the generation residual error, and residual error is carried out conversion;
S920, selection quantization matrix quantize described residual error;
S930, carry out entropy coding, and the data behind the entropy coding are write code stream, be sent to receiving terminal quantizing the coefficient that the back generates;
S940, the receiving terminal described code stream of decoding obtains corresponding data.
Among this step S920, adopt aforesaid quantization matrix system of selection to carry out quantization matrix and select.
The present invention also comprises a kind of coding/decoding system, and this coding/decoding system uses aforesaid quantization matrix choice device.As shown in figure 10, be coding/decoding system structural representation of the present invention, this coding/decoding system comprises:
Residual error generation unit 1010 is used for primitive frame and predictive frame are subtracted each other the generation residual error;
Quantization matrix choice device 1030 is used to select quantization matrix that described residual error is quantized;
Quantization matrix choice device in the such scheme adopts quantization matrix choice device shown in Figure 8.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (11)
1, quantization matrix system of selection in a kind of coding is characterized in that, comprising:
A, judgement present encoding piece present position if the present encoding piece is a starting block, are then adopted the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized, otherwise are entered step B;
B, obtain present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred;
C, described predicted value NumCoeffPred is compared with the threshold value of setting,, otherwise adopt the low-accuracy quantification matrix that residual error is quantized if be higher than described threshold value then adopt the high accuracy quantization matrix that residual error is quantized.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described steps A, described present encoding piece can be positioned at I frame, P frame or B frame.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described step B, and according to the adjacent block nonzero coefficient number of current block, the nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred of prediction current block.
4, as claim 1 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that described step B further comprises:
Nonzero coefficient number after the quantification of the adjacent block of B1, extraction present encoding piece;
B2, according to nonzero coefficient number after the quantification of the adjacent block of described present encoding piece, the nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred of prediction current block.
5, method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that,
Among the described step B1, the number of nonzero coefficient is respectively NumCoeffUp and NumCoeffL after the last piece of current block and the quantification of left piece;
Described step B2 further comprises:
If last piece and left piece all exist, NumCoeffPred=(NumCoeffUp+NumCoeffL)/2;
If only left piece exists, NumCoeffPred=NumCoeffL;
If last piece exists, NumCoeffPred=NumCoeffUp.
6, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, among the described step C, described threshold value is 16.
7, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described steps A, after employing high accuracy quantization matrix quantized residual error, the storage current block quantized the number of back nonzero coefficient.
8, quantization matrix choice device in a kind of coding is characterized in that, comprises
Judging unit is used to judge present encoding piece present position, if the present encoding piece is a starting block, then adopts the high accuracy quantization matrix to quantize;
Present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number acquiring unit is used to obtain present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number predicted value NumCoeffPred;
Comparing unit is used for described predicted value NumCoeffPred is compared with the threshold value of setting, if be higher than described threshold value then adopt the high accuracy quantization matrix, otherwise adopts the low-accuracy quantification matrix.
9, device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described present encoding piece nonzero coefficient number acquiring unit further comprises:
Adjacent block nonzero coefficient acquiring unit is used to extract nonzero coefficient after the quantification of adjacent block of present encoding piece.
10, a kind of decoding method comprises:
Primitive frame and predictive frame are subtracted each other the generation residual error, and residual error is carried out conversion;
Select quantization matrix that described residual error is quantized;
The coefficient that quantizes the back generation is carried out entropy coding, and the data behind the entropy coding are write code stream, be sent to receiving terminal;
The receiving terminal described code stream of decoding obtains corresponding data;
It is characterized in that described selection quantization matrix step adopts the described quantization matrix system of selection of claim 1.
11, a kind of coding/decoding system comprises:
The residual error generation unit is used for primitive frame and predictive frame are subtracted each other the generation residual error;
Converter unit is used for residual error is carried out conversion;
The quantization matrix choice device is used to select quantization matrix that described residual error is quantized;
The entropy coding unit is used for the coefficient that quantizes the back generation is carried out entropy coding, and the data behind the entropy coding is write code stream;
Decoding unit is used to carry out decode operation, obtains corresponding data;
It is characterized in that described quantization matrix choice device adopts the described quantization matrix choice device of claim 8.
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