Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of process for treating industrial waste water, separation factor is more much bigger, isolating high-performance, energy consumption is lower, separated object heating or refrigerative consumption are very little, and can accomplish that parameter reclaims, near the working temperature (25 ℃) room temperature of most membrane sepn processes, be specially adapted to processing to heat-sensitive materials, membrane sepn is at food, medicine, biological technical field has its unique suitability, make a lot of products after processing, still keep ten thousand parts of original nutrition and local flavor, membrane separation technique is used for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, with efficent use of resources, for the industry energy conservation consumption reduction, reduce cost, create recycling economy and become possibility.
A kind of process for treating industrial waste water, its technical process is as follows: one, pre-treatment: waste water-pH value adjusting-waste water tank-raw water pump-quartz sand filtration-active carbon filtration-KDF filtration-secondary filter-ultrafiltration.
1: according to the water quality situation of raw wastewater,, add soda acid automatically, the pH value of former water is transferred to neutrality, enter in the waste water tank with volume pump and pH value probe.
2: throw water into the quartz sand filtration device with water pump, this strainer is selected the glass reinforced plastic material for use, the refining quartz sand of the inside filling.
3: the water outlet of quartz sand filtration device enters charcoal filter, and the model of activated carbon is selected according to water-quality constituents, generally selects for use and electroplates special-purpose carbon.
4:FDF is highly purified copper zinc particle, is to come work by ionic oxygen reduction reaction, can remove chlorine residue and heavy metal ion in the water.
5: accurate filter can prevent that colloidalmaterial and little particle water from entering the film system.
6: ultrafiltration UF device is a kind of membrane sepn process between NF (RO) and MF, is separated into mechanism with sieve aperture, this with the film of molecular weight cut off 8-10 ten thousand to hold back the colloid greater than this molecular weight, organism, pigment, macromolecular substance such as bacterium.
Two, pretreated water provides power to enter RO (NF) reverse osmosis system by high-pressure pump.
1, reverse osmosis (RO) (NF) is to be impellent with pressure, by the utilisation technology of selective permeation film with solute in the solution and separated from solvent.
2, reverse osmosis (RO) (NF) device separates solutes such as water and salt heavy metal ion, penetrating fluid is for producing water, produce water and enter the collection water tank, for water of productive use, solute partly is a concentrated solution, the concentration of heavy metal ion of concentrated solution is very high, and the water yield is about 10% of flooding quantity, and concentrated solution enters the throw out settling tank.
3, through the throw out post precipitation solid matter is filtered discharge at throw out settling tank input flocculation agent concentrated solution, deliver to professional treatment mechanism and carry out metal recovery, solution partly returns the raw water box circular treatment.
2, the design of reverse osmosis unit:
(1): according to water source and the definite type of using membrane element of the water yield.
(2):, determine quantity, the arrangement mode of membrane module and the rate of recovery of reverse osmosis unit of membrane element according to water production rate and product water requirements in water quality.
(3): the type selecting of carrying out high-pressure pump according to the required promotion pressure of the membrane module that calculates.
(4): configuration instrument, accessories such as valve.
The whole system of this method has been installed back-purge system, back-purge system is by producing the water inlet of water direction, before each filtration unit sewage draining exit is arranged, but complete assembly back flushing, also can single part back flushing, backwashing water enters former pond after the 5UM cloth envelop collector filters, back flushing is set every operation and was carried out once in 2 hours, produce the water water quality and the water yield with the assurance system, system is equipped with the medicine cleaning device in addition, and no matter how perfect whole system is, all can be subjected to contaminated water source, therefore needing the medicine cleaning device to carry out the timing medicine washes, it is the programmable logic controller PLC on basis that microprocessor is all adopted at each reference mark of whole system, has very strong calculation function, can finish complicated operations, to realize control to total system, this system has improved traditional electroplating waste processing process, and water resources can recycle significantly reduce environmental pollution, meets the national sustainable development strategy, to bring remarkable economical, environment and social benefit.
Embodiment
A kind of process for treating industrial waste water, its technical process is as follows: one, for guaranteeing the safe reliability and the economy of the operation of film UF (RO) device, the former water of waste water must comprise through preprocessing part:
Waste water-pH value adjusting-waste water tank-raw water pump-quartz sand filtration-active carbon filtration-KDF filtration-secondary filter-ultrafiltration,
1: according to raw wastewater water quality situation, with volume pump and pH value probe, Automatic Dosing (acid or alkali) transfers to neutrality with the pH value of former water, enters in the waste water tank.
2: throw water into the quartz sand filtration device with water pump, this strainer is selected the glass reinforced plastic material for use, the refining quartz sand of the inside filling.
3: the water outlet of quartz sand filtration device enters charcoal filter, and the model of activated carbon is selected according to water-quality constituents, generally selects for use and electroplates special-purpose carbon.
4:FDF is highly purified copper zinc particle, is to come work by ionic oxygen reduction reaction, can remove chlorine residue and heavy metal ion in the water.
5: accurate filter can prevent that colloidalmaterial and little particle water from entering the film system.
6: ultrafiltration UF device is a kind of membrane sepn process between NF (RO) and MF, is separated into mechanism with sieve aperture, this with the film of molecular weight cut off 8-10 ten thousand to hold back the colloid greater than this molecular weight, organism, pigment, macromolecular substance such as bacterium.
Two, pretreated water provides power to enter RO (NF) reverse osmosis system by high-pressure pump (selecting stainless steel for use).
1: reverse osmosis (RO) (NF) is to be impellent with pressure, by the utilisation technology of selective permeation film with solute in the solution and separated from solvent.
2: the design of reverse osmosis unit.
(1): take out the type of determining to use membrane element according to water source and water.
(2):, determine quantity, the arrangement mode of membrane module and the rate of recovery of reverse osmosis unit of membrane element according to water production rate and product water requirements in water quality.
(3): the type selecting of carrying out high-pressure pump according to the required promotion pressure of the membrane module that calculates.
(4): configuration instrument, accessories such as valve.
3: reverse osmosis (RO) (NF) device separates solutes such as water and salt heavy metal ion, and penetrating fluid is for producing water, and product water enters the collection water tank, for water of productive use.Solute partly is a concentrated solution, and the concentration of heavy metal ion of concentrated solution is very high, and the water yield is about 10% of flooding quantity, and concentrated solution enters the throw out settling tank.
4: through the throw out post precipitation solid matter is filtered and discharge at throw out settling tank input flocculation agent pharmaceutical chemicalss such as () polymerize aluminum chlorides concentrated solution, delivering to professional treatment mechanism carries out metal recovery, and solution partly returns the raw water box circular treatment.
Before the technology of membrane sepn occurs, separation technology such as distillation, absorption, extraction, deep cooling have been arranged in widespread use, to compare with these traditional isolation technique, membrane sepn has following characteristics:
The first, normally sepn process efficiently of membrane sepn.For example, press material, the isolating field of granular size at this, based on gravity be that the isolation technique minimum limit is a micron (vm), membrane sepn can accomplish with relative molecular weight be several thousand in addition the material of hundreds of separate (corresponding granular size is nano level nm).Compare with diffusion process again, the ratio of the relative volatility of material is mostly less than 10 in still-process, and difficult separating mixture is sometimes only than a little bigger slightly, and the separation factor of membrane sepn is more much bigger.Surpass 90% the aqueous solution near constant boiling point as alcohol concn, distillation is difficult to separate.But the separation factor of infiltration gasification is a hundreds of.For another example separating of nitrogen and hydrogen, ordinary method not only will be carried out under low-down temperature, and hydrogen (H
2)/nitrogen (N
2) relative volatilization very little, in membrane sepn, with polysulfone membrane separation of hydrogen, nitrogen, separation factor is 80 right left sides, the polyamide film then surpasses 120, this be because the separation factor major decision of still-process the physics of various materials, chemical property in the mixture, and also can add the factors such as characteristic, structure, form of high polymer material in the membrane sepn process, therefore shown isolating high-performance.
The second, membrane sepn process energy consumption is lower, and most of membrane sepn processes all do not have " phase " and change.Traditional evaporation, distillation, extraction, absorption, absorption or the like process all be the variation of liquid phase or absorption phase, main gas phase, and phase change latent heat is very big.The membrane sepn process is normally carried out under room temperature (normal temperature), and separated object heating or refrigerative consumption are very little, and can accomplish that parameter reclaims.
Three, near the working temperature of most membrane sepn processes (25 ℃) room temperature is specially adapted to the processing to heat-sensitive materials, and membrane sepn has its unique suitability at food, medicine, biological technical field.For example in antibiotic production, generally remove water with underpressure distillation, be difficult to avoid fully the local superheating phenomenon of equipment, it is destroyed after local superheating area microbiotic is heated, produce toxic substance, it is the major reason that causes antibiotic side effect, and the membrane sepn process is carried out at normal temperatures, guarantee not take place superheating phenomenon, improved the security that medicine uses greatly.And for example: in the food opening, the membrane sepn permeate water replaces traditional distilled water, makes a lot of products still keep ten thousand parts of original nutrition and local flavor after processing.
Four, membrane separation technique is used for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, with efficent use of resources, is the industry energy conservation consumption reduction, and reducing cost, create recycling economy becomes possibility.The electroplate rinsing water treatment reclamation set of my designed development adopts the design of zero release closed circuit circulatory system, has fully represented its social value and the value of environmental protection.For example, electroplating company limited by my designed Shanghai Du who undertakes the construction of, is that the tame wheel hub that the investment in China of AM General company is built is electroplated joint venture, is an automotive hub electroplating assembly line of present domestic maximum.On the membrane sepn basis, we utilize integrated membrane technique, press blunderbuss kind plating bath chemical property, carry out preposition pre-treatment, configuration DGF/ACF/KDF/MF/UF/NF/ system with unit simple substance respectively, and every day, treatment capacity was 480m
3/ d handles back reuse water 360m
3/ d, the electroplate liquid rate of recovery 10%, system refluxes 15%, causes to electroplate showing great attention to of industry association and other every profession and trade personage.Innovation point is to utilize the molecule screening mechanism, is that carrier is created ion screening-hydrostatic pressure difference promotion principle with the high-polymer membrane, makes through liquid to purify, and trapped substance concentrates; It is that present up-to-date filter method can be widely used in printing and dyeing industry, paper industry, chemical industry wastewater treatment that the preposition equipment for separating liquid from solid of fluid lamination adopts the turbulent flow technology, and city domestic sewage is handled, swimming-pool water is handled, and this technology belongs to the leading level in the world.
The low-consumption high-efficiency process control is that its desalting efficiency of the most significant innovative point of this technology has reached 99.5% degree; Difficulty is how to overcome film self-pollution and problem of pressure drop.Operational path and major equipment:
Operational path is based upon on the raw wastewater water quality basis, and the existing certain standard of Process Route is had any different again in different classes of waste water requirement.Water unit is varied, and requirements in water quality is not quite similar, and also has because the technology difference in same industry, and the requirement of water also is not quite similar, and the user must be according to own production requirement, proposes suitable oneself water water quality requirement.So the design of operational path at first is according to the user reuse water requirement to be satisfied in the requirement of wastewater treatment, to realize the requirement of user's production line water in a word.Several basic water quality requirement to Industrial Wastewater Treatment: be better than the comprehensive one-level of country and enter standard and be better than the tap water requirement; To some process waters require near or reach the pure water requirement; Controlling index to technology and water treating equipment production:
COD5 clearance≤10;
BOD clearance≤50;
PH value=6.8~7.2
Specific conductivity<30
Ratio of desalinization>95%
Enrichment factor is not less than 10g/L (single loop concentrates);
The production of processing wastewater treatment facility is mainly produced and is disposed by Waste Water Treatment, is mechanism with molecular sieve and ion(ic)sieve, is means with the treating processes, designs preposition pretreatment system, molecule diced system, film separating system and after-treatment system respectively.
Necessary work in the early stage that membrane separation plant is made:
The design application of membrane separation technique is to analyze according to the problem that need solve, and also will test sometimes, otherwise can not provide definite answer.Because the analytical data that has is incomplete, some parameter is more general, for example the parameters such as raw wastewater COD, residue on evaporation and adsorbable organohalogen compound that propose during wastewater treatment characterize, in these parameter back, may be residual to the mould material objectionable constituent.So equipment configuration and type selecting be a necessary process of our work often, Here it is design evaluation.Assessment possibility program is as follows
Production unit mainly contains:
(1) testing laboratory assay device;
(2) COD, BOD detector;
(3) ORP detector;
(4) electricity is led detector;
(5) chromatograph;
(6) the indispensable glassware of chemical examination;
(7) welding and cutting device;
(8) sheet metal equipment;
(9) other instrument.