CN100585674C - System and method for addressing a mems display - Google Patents
System and method for addressing a mems display Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100585674C CN100585674C CN200510093575A CN200510093575A CN100585674C CN 100585674 C CN100585674 C CN 100585674C CN 200510093575 A CN200510093575 A CN 200510093575A CN 200510093575 A CN200510093575 A CN 200510093575A CN 100585674 C CN100585674 C CN 100585674C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- different
- pulse
- row
- interferometric
- interferometric modulators
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Abstract
A system and method for addressing an array of MEMS display elements, such as interferometric modulators, from a drive control. A display includes groups of display elements that are addressed with a commonly applied drive signal. In one embodiment, the groups of display elements are configured to have different response times and are driven by pulses of varying length indicative of those response times. In another embodiment, the groups of display elements are configured to have different actuation voltages and are driven by pulses of varying voltage indicative of those actuation voltages.
Description
Technical field
Technical field of the present invention relates to MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS).
Background technology
MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS) comprises micromechanical component, driver and electronic equipment.Micromechanical component can adopt deposition, etching or other several portions that can etch away substrate and/or institute's deposited material layer maybe can add several layers and make with the micromachined technology that forms electric and electromechanical assembly.One type MEMS device is called as interferometric modulator.Interferometric modulator can comprise the pair of conductive plate, one of them or the two can be partly transparently, and can when applying a suitable electric signal, make relative motion.One of them plate can comprise a quiescent layer that is deposited on the substrate, and another plate can comprise a metal film that is suspended from this quiescent layer.Said apparatus is with a wide range of applications, and in this technology, utilizes and/or revises the characteristic of device of these types so that its characteristic can be used for improving existing product and makes still undeveloped at present new product will be rather useful.
Summary of the invention
System of the present invention, method and device respectively have many aspects, and arbitrary single aspect all can not determine its desired attribute separately.Now its more outstanding characteristic is made brief description, this not delimit the scope of the invention.Considering this argumentation, especially after having read the part that is entitled as " embodiment ", how people provides the advantage that is better than other display device if can understanding feature of the present invention.
In one embodiment, provide a display.Described display comprises a plurality of optical modulation elements, and at least some optical modulation elements have different and addressing pulse width and addressing pulse voltage level one or both of relative tilt value in these optical modulation elements.Addressing circuit also is provided, described addressing circuit is configured to a plurality of elements the addressing pulse with different in width and/or voltage level is provided, so that different elements combination switches in an optional mode according to the width and/or the voltage level of addressing pulse, and wherein said addressing circuit is configured to whole elements of providing in the described a plurality of elements all at least one second pulse to its response of first pulse of its response and the not enough whole element in described a plurality of element.
At another embodiment, provide a display.Described display comprises a plurality of MEMS elements that are arranged in rows, and wherein the MEMS element with every row further is arranged in the plurality of sub row, and wherein makes the electrical connection of passing through of the plurality of sub of every row.In this embodiment, a plurality of resistors also are provided, in the described resistor each is connected to each the son row in the described plurality of sub row respectively, and each resistor that is used for the capable resistor of each height of each row has a resistance that is different from the resistors of other son row that are connected to this row.
In another embodiment, the method of a plurality of display elements of a kind of addressing, described a plurality of display element has at least one first and second display elements and it is characterized in that separately response lag, described method comprises: produce one first pulse, described first pulse is characterised in that it has a parameter, and the value of this parameter is greater than the response lag of whole described a plurality of display elements; With described first pulse is applied to described a plurality of display element.In addition, produce one second pulse, described second pulse is characterised in that it has a parameter, and the value of this parameter is greater than the response lag of described first display element and less than the response lag of described second display element.Described second pulse is applied to described a plurality of display element.
In another embodiment, the driving circuit of a plurality of display elements of a kind of addressing, described a plurality of display element has at least one first and second display elements and it is characterized in that separately response lag, described driving circuit comprises: the member that is used to produce one first pulse, described first pulse is characterised in that it has a parameter, and the value of this parameter is greater than the response lag of whole described a plurality of elements; With the member that is used for described first pulse is applied to described a plurality of display elements.Described driving circuit also comprises: be used to produce the member of one second pulse, described second pulse is characterised in that it has a parameter, and the value of this parameter is greater than the response lag of described first display element and less than the response lag of described second display element; With the member that is used for described second pulse is applied to described a plurality of display elements.
Another embodiment comprises a device.Described device comprises a plurality of members that are used for light modulated, and described modulation member has different tilt values for the selected voltage that applies.Described display further comprises the addressing member, and being used for provides the addressing pulse with different voltage levels to described a plurality of elements, so that different modulation component compositions switches in an optional mode according to the voltage level of addressing pulse.Described addressing member be configured to described a plurality of elements are provided whole modulation members all at least one second pulse of one first pulse of its response and not enough whole described modulation member to its response.
Another embodiment comprises a kind of method of manufacturing one display.Described method comprises provides a plurality of MEMS elements that are arranged in rows.The MEMS element of every row further is arranged in the plurality of sub row.Be electrically connected the plurality of sub row of every row.Described method also comprises a plurality of resistors is connected to the MEMS element.Each son that each resistor is connected in the described plurality of sub row is gone.Each resistor that is used for the capable resistor of each height of each row has a resistance that is different from the resistors of other son row that are connected to this row separately.
Another embodiment provides a display.Described display comprises: a plurality of display members that are arranged in rows, wherein the display member of every row further is arranged in the plurality of sub row, and the wherein plurality of sub of the every row electrical connection of passing through.Described display also comprises a plurality of members that are used for the impedance electric current, each impedance components is connected to each son row of described plurality of sub row, and each resistive elements that is used for the capable resistive elements of each height of each row has a resistance that is different from the resistive elements of other son row that are connected to this row.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an isometric perspective figure, it shows the part of an embodiment of an interferometric modulator display, wherein one of one first interferometric modulator removable mirror is in reflection (or " opening ") position, with a fixed mirror at a distance of a preset distance, and the removable mirror of one second interferometric modulator is in a non-reflection (or " pass ") position.
Fig. 2 is a system block diagram, and it shows that one comprises an embodiment of the electronic installation of one 3 * 3 interferometric modulator displays.
Fig. 3 is the removable mirror position of an exemplary embodiments of interferometric modulator shown in Figure 1 and the graph of a relation of the voltage that applies.
Fig. 4 can be used for driving several groups of row voltage of interferometric modulator display and the synoptic diagram of column voltage.
Fig. 5 A is presented at an exemplary frame of display data in 3 * 3 interferometric modulator displays shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 5 B demonstration can be used for writing the capable signal of frame shown in Fig. 5 A and an exemplary sequential chart of column signal.
Fig. 6 A is the sectional view of a device shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 6 B is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.
Fig. 6 C is a sectional view of another alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.
Fig. 7 is the part synoptic diagram of an embodiment of an interferometric modulator display, and wherein said several rows have been subdivided into three son row that shared one common driver connects.
Fig. 8 is a sequential chart, shows a series of capable signal and column signal that the top line of the embodiment of the array be applied to Fig. 7 is arranged with the display shown in producing.
Fig. 9 is similar to Fig. 3, is the removable mirror position of an exemplary embodiments of paired interferometric modulator with nested stability window and the graph of a relation of the positive voltage that is applied.
Figure 10 is a sequential chart, shows a series of capable signal and column signal that the top line of the embodiment of the array be applied to Fig. 7 is arranged with the display shown in producing.
Figure 11 is a process flow diagram, shows that one drives such as an embodiment about the method for the interferometric modulator array described in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B are system block diagram, show that one comprises the embodiment of the visual display unit of a plurality of interferometric modulators.
Embodiment
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention connects the drive signal that is applied to one group of display element with one by a common driver and comes one group of display element of addressing.Thus, described display can produce more gray scale or tone with applying the needed lead-in wire of the drive signal that is used for each display element lead-in wire still less such as fruit by the independently lead-in wire that is used for each display element.
Below describe in detail and relate to some embodiments of the invention.But the present invention can implement by many different modes.In this explanation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings, similarly parts use similar number-mark from start to finish.Find out easily that according to following explanation the present invention can be to implement in arbitrary device that is arranged to display image (no matter no matter is dynamic image (for example video) or still image (for example rest image), be character image or picture).More specifically, imagination the present invention can implement in inferior multiple electronic installation or is associated with these electronic installations for example (but being not limited to): mobile phone, wireless device, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer or portable computer, gps receiver/omniselector, camera, the MP3 player, video camera (camcorder), game machine, wrist-watch, clock, counter, TV monitor, flat-panel monitor, computer monitor, automotive displays (for example, mileometer display etc.), driving cabin controller and/or display, the camera view display (for example, the rear view camera display of vehicle), electronic photo, electronics billboard or label, projector, building structure (for example layout of wall brick), packing and aesthetic structures (for example, the image display of a jewelry).More generally, invention can be implemented in the electronic switching device.
The spatial light modulator that is used for imaging applications has multiple different form.Transmissive type liquid crystal display (LCD) modulator reverses and/or arranges with blocking-up or by light by the control crystalline material, thereby light is modulated.Reflective spatial light modulator then utilizes various physical influences to control the amount of the light that reflexes to imaging surface.The example of this reflective modulator comprises reflective LCD and digital micro-mirror device.
Another example of spatial light modulator is one by interfering the interferometric modulator that light is modulated.Show an interferometric modulator display embodiment who comprises a reflective MEMS display element among Fig. 1.In these devices, pixel is in bright state or dark state.Under bright (" opening (on) " or " opening (open) ") state, the bistable state display element reflects incident light to the user.Be in dark (" closing (off) " or " closing (closed) ") state following time, bistable state display element absorbing light and almost do not have light to reflect to the user.Decide on embodiment, display 110 can be configured to reflected light under " pass " state, and under " opening " state absorbing light, that is, put upside down the light reflectance properties of " opening " and " pass " state.The MEMS pixel also can be configured to only reflect selected color, thereby produces colored a demonstration but not white and black displays.
Fig. 1 is an isometric perspective figure, and it shows that one comprises two neighbors in the delegation of an embodiment of visual displays of MEMS interferometric modulator.One interferometric modulator display comprises a row/column array of being made up of these interferometric modulators.Each interferometric modulator includes a pair of mirror, they each other at a distance of one the distance to form an optical resonator.In one embodiment, one of them mirror can move between at least two positions.In primary importance, described removable mirror is positioned at apart from another mirror one first distance, so that this interferometric modulator is mainly is reflexive.In the second place, described removable mirror is positioned at a different distance, for example near this fixed mirror, so that this interferometric modulator is mainly is absorbefacient.
Shown pixel array portion comprises two adjacent interferometric modulator 12a and 12b that are arranged in delegation.Shown in interferometric modulator embodiment in, show that removable mirror 14a is in reflection (" release ", " opening " or " opening ") position at a fixing part mirror 16a, 16b one preset distance place.Show among the figure that the removable mirror 14b of interferometric modulator 12b is in the non-reflection of close part mirror (partial mirror) 16b, absorption (" excited target ", " pass " or " closing ") position.
Fixed mirror 16a, 16b tool electric conductivity, and can (for example) by deposition chromium layer and indium tin oxide layer on a transparent substrates 20 and subsequently these layer patterns are changed into parallel bar and bring and make, and can form the row electrode.The removable mirror 14a, the 14b that follow direction can form a series of parallel bands that formed by one or more depositing metal layers (with row electrode 16a, 16b quadrature) on substrate 18, wherein aluminium is a kind of suitable material, and can form column electrode.
When a selected row and column applies a potential difference (PD), being in the electric capacity that column electrode and row electrode intersection form in the pixel of correspondence will charge, and electrostatic force is moved these electrodes together to.If voltage is enough high, shown in the pixel on right side among Fig. 1, travelling electrode is forced on the stationary electrode (can deposit a dielectric material, to prevent short circuit and to control spacing) on stationary electrode, shown in the pixel on right side among Fig. 1 so.Regardless of the polarity of the potential difference (PD) that is applied, operating condition (behavior) is all identical.In this way, OK/reflective condition and the non-reflective state of each pixel of row excitations may command.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 B shows the exemplary process and the system that use an interferometric modulator array in display application.Fig. 2 is a system block diagrams, and it shows that one can comprise an embodiment of the electronic installation of the some aspects of the present invention.In this exemplary embodiments, described electronic installation comprises a processor 21, and it can be any general purpose single-chip or multicore sheet microprocessor, for example ARM,
Pentium
Pro, 8051,
Or any special microprocessor, for example digital signal processor, microcontroller or programmable gate array.According to the convention in the affiliated field, processor 21 can be configured to carry out one or more software modules.Except that carrying out an operating system, also this processor can be configured to carry out one or more software applications, comprise web browser, telephony application, e-mail program or any other software application.
In one embodiment, processor 21 also is configured to communicate with an array controller 22.In one embodiment, array control unit 22 comprises horizontal drive circuit 24 and the column drive circuit 26 that signal is provided to pel array 30.The sectional view of array shown in Fig. 1 illustrates with line 1-1 in Fig. 2.The several portions of array control unit 22 and other circuit and function can be provided by a graphics controller that is connected in usually between an actual displayed driver and the general purpose microprocessor.The exemplary embodiments of described graphics controller comprises 69030 or 69455 controllers of Chips and Technology company, the S 1D1300 series and the Solomon Systech 1906 of Seiko Epson.
For the MEMS interferometric modulator, described row/row excitation protocol can utilize the hysteresis property of these devices shown in Figure 3.It for example may need, and one 10 volts potential difference (PD) makes pixel be deformed into actuated state from release conditions.Yet, when voltage when this value reduces, be brought down below before 2 volts at voltage, pixel can not discharge.Thereby, there is a voltage range (in example shown in Figure 3 for about 3V to 7V), existence one stability window in this voltage range, in this stability window, device will remain in its residing any state when beginning.Therefore, OK/the row excitation protocol can be designed to be expert at during the gating, make and selectedly treat that actuated pixel is exposed to about 10 a volts voltage difference in current, and make pixel to be discharged be exposed to one near 0 volt voltage difference.After gating, it is poor to make pixel be exposed to about 5 a volts steady state voltage, makes its residing any state so that it remains in capable gating.After being written into, in this example, each pixel all experiences " stability window " interior potential difference (PD) of 3-7 volt.This characteristic makes pixel design shown in Figure 1 be stabilized under the voltage conditions under the existing foment or release conditions in identical applying.Owing to no matter be in actuated state or release conditions, each pixel of interferometric modulator all is a capacitor that is formed by described fixed mirror and moving lens basically, so this steady state (SS) can be kept and almost inactivity consumption under the voltage in the lag windwo.If mirror is not fixed at the current potential that moves and applied, then there is not electric current to flow into pixel basically.
In the typical case uses, can be by determining that according to one group of desired actuated pixels in first row one group of row electrode forms a display frame.After this, horizontal pulse is put on the electrode of row 1, thereby encourage the pixel corresponding with determined alignment.After this, determined one group of row electrode is become corresponding with desired one group of actuated pixels in second row.After this, pulse is put on the electrode of row 2, thereby come suitable pixel in the action line 2 according to determined row electrode.The pixel of row 1 is not subjected to the influence of the pulse of row 2, and remains under the state that its impulse duration of 1 of being expert at sets.The property mode repeats this process to the row of whole series in order, to form described frame.Usually, repeating this process continuously by the speed with a certain required frame number/second to refresh and/or upgrade these frames with new video data.Other also have a variety of row and the row electrodes that are used to drive pel array also to be known by people with the agreement that forms display frame, and can use with the present invention.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B show a possible excitation protocol that is used for forming a display frame on 3 * 3 arrays shown in Figure 2.Fig. 4 shows the one group of possible row of the pixel that can be used for those hysteresis curves that represent Fig. 3 and the voltage level of going.In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, encouraging a pixel to comprise is set to suitable row-V
Bias, and suitable row is set to+Δ V.By suitable row are set to+V
BiasAnd suitable row is set to identical+Δ V realizes the release of pixel.Remain in 0 volt the row at those row voltages, pixel is stable at its residing any state at first, and is to be in+V with these row
BiasStill-V
BiasIrrelevant.
Fig. 5 B is a series of sequential charts that are applied to the row and column signal of 3 * 3 arrays shown in Figure 2 of a demonstration, and it will form the display shown in Fig. 5 A and arrange, and wherein actuated pixels is non-reflexive.Before writing the frame shown in Fig. 5 A, pixel can be in any state, and in this example, all row all are in 0 volt, and all row all be in+5 volts.In this state, all pixels are stable at its existing actuated state or release conditions.
In the frame shown in Fig. 5 A, pixel (1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,2) and (3,3) excited target.For realizing this, during be expert at 1 " line time (line time) ", row 1 and row 2 are set at-5 volts, and row 3 are set at+5 volts.This can not change the state of any pixel, because all pixels all remain in the stability window of 3-7 volt.After this, rise to 5 volts of pulses that are back to 0 volt that descend again then by one from 0 volt and come gating capable 1.This has encouraged pixel (1,1) and (1,2) and has discharged pixel (1,3).Other pixels in the array are all unaffected.For row 2 is set at desired state, row 2 is set at-5 volts, and row 1 and row 3 are set at+5 volts.After this, apply identical strobe pulse with actuate pixel (2,2) and discharge pixel (2,1) and (2,3) to row 2.Equally, other pixels in the array are all unaffected.Similarly, by row 2 and row 3 being set at-5 volts and row 1 are set at+5 volts and row 3 is set.The strobe pulse of row 3 is set at row 3 pixels shown in Fig. 5 A.After writing incoming frame, the row current potential is 0, and the row current potential can remain on+5 or-5 volts, and after this display will be stable at the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 A.Should be appreciated that, can use identical programs the array that constitutes by tens of or hundreds of row and columns.The timing, order and the level that should also be clear that the voltage that is used to carry out row energization and row excitation can alter a great deal in above-mentioned General Principle, and above-mentioned example only is exemplary, and any actuation voltage method all can be used with the present invention.
Detailed structure according to the interferometric modulator of above-mentioned principle operation can have a great difference.For example, Fig. 6 A-Fig. 6 C shows three different embodiment of moving lens structure.Fig. 6 A is a sectional view embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, and wherein a strip of metal material 14 is deposited on the support member 18 of quadrature extension.In Fig. 6 B, removable mirror only is attached to the corner place of support member, on tethers 32.In Fig. 6 C, mirror 16 hangs on the deformable film 34.Present embodiment has advantage, because the structural design of mirror 16 and material therefor can be optimized aspect optical characteristics, and the structural design of deformable layer 34 and material therefor can be optimized aspect the desired mechanical property.Described the production of various dissimilar interferometric device in many open files, comprised the open application case of (for example) No. 2004/0051929 U.S., this case is incorporated herein with way of reference in full.
The data of describing monochromatic display image can comprise one digit number certificate/pixel.An embodiment of monochrome display comprises an interferometric modulator/pixel, and the setting of the open and closed of wherein said modulator is based on the value of one digit number certificate/pixel.Gray scale image can comprise some bit data/pixels.For example, " three a " GTG display comprises three bit data/pixel, and it is corresponding to 8 gray scales that can be assigned to each pixel.Be used for showing an embodiment of the display of exemplary 3 gray scale images, each pixel comprises 3 interferometric modulators.For obtaining 8 gray scales, three modulators were according to 1: 2: 4 ratio reflected light.In this type of embodiment, each described interferometric modulator comprises the some mirrors with a reflective surface area that changes according to 1: 2: 4 ratio.In this embodiment, be by corresponding binary value based on 3 bit data, each modulator is set in one " opening " or " pass " state, thereby obtains the specific gray scale of pixel.An embodiment of color monitor works similarly, and just color monitor comprises one group of red, green and blue look interferometric modulator.For example, in one 12 color monitors, 4 in 12 are corresponding to by in red, green or the 16 brightness red, green and blue looks that blue interferometric modulators produces each.Described GTG or color monitor have than the more display element of monochrome display for addressing.These are used for the grey of this type of embodiment or the display element of color monitor for addressing, increase with the number that is electrically connected of display control.For example, in an embodiment of 3x33-position GTG display, every row is subdivided into 3 son row.Among this display embodiment, each pixel comprises the interferometric modulator of three son row.Such embodiment has the capable driving connection of 3*3=9 and is connected with 3 row drivings, and 12 drive connection altogether, but not 6 drivings in the 3x3 monochrome display connect.Reducing a kind of mode that drives the number that connects is that one group of modulator (for example, 3 son row among above-mentioned 3 GTG embodiment) is electrically connected to together, and drives this group with the signal of the child group state that changes this electrical connection group.
For example, optionally one group of addressing a kind of mode of being electrically connected interferometric modulator is that a drive signal is put in the pulse of state that its duration is not enough to change some modulator in this group modulator.Generally speaking, the time cycle that particular modulator in the display can be changed state in order to the forward position of responsive trip gating is called response time τ.It should be noted that " response time " both can refer to that interferometric modulator transferred to time of non-transfering state from reflective condition, can refer to also that perhaps modulator transfers to the time of transfering state from non-reflective state.In an embodiment of interferometric modulator display, time cycle τ conceptive for electroresponse time τ
RCWith mechanical response time τ
MAnd.About the electroresponse time, each interferometric modulator in the display forms a corresponding circuit, and it can be a feature with a resistance-capacitance (RC) time constant.Described electroresponse time τ
RCBe that the circuit of forward position to mirror from the row strobe pulse charges to excitation or the time cycle during release voltage.Described mechanical response time τ
MIn case be to have reached excitation or release voltage, removable mirror physically changes the time cycle of position.Modulator moves to the time τ of reposition
MDepend on following factor: as, the air resistance when spring constant that is associated with the removable mirror of modulator or mirror move.An embodiment of described display comprises the electrical connection modulator in groups with different response times.By applying one to this group regulator, can set the state of the various combination of described modulator less than response time of a part of modulator in the described modulator but greater than the common pulse of response time of other modulators in the described modulator.
Fig. 7 is similar to shown in Figure 5, is the part synoptic diagram of an embodiment of an interferometric modulator display, and wherein said row has been subdivided into shared one common three the son row that connect that drive.The interferometric modulator that each son row definition respectively lists.As mentioned above, if the time that applies capable gating less than the response time, so, the removable mirror of interferometric modulator maintains its position basically.In the embodiment of Fig. 7, the capable interferometric modulator of shown child has the response time of minimizing from top to bottom.In this embodiment, duration that can be by the capable gating of appropriate change connects to come addressing row interferometric modulator to change the only state of the selected part of son row via this common driving.
The response time of interferometric modulator is subjected to the influence of following aspect: comprise featured resistance-electric capacity (RC) time of the driving circuit of this modulator, that is, the removable mirror of this modulator will be charged to the time of specific voltage; The mechanical property of this modulator and moving lens move the resistance that is subjected in air.In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the response time along the capable interferometric modulator of child changed by the RC time that changes each sub modulator of going.More particularly, in Fig. 7, each son is passed through and is connected by a resistor, and described resistor provides a resistance that reduces gradually for each son row from top to bottom.When applying a voltage between these mirrors at described modulator, duration of charging of those mirrors with big resistor is longer, need when longer the chien shih voltage difference to fall the sufficiently long time outside the stability window thus, be activated to a reposition for removable mirror.
Fig. 8 is a sequential chart, shows a series of capable signal and column signal that the top line (row 1) of the embodiment of the array be applied to Fig. 7 is arranged with the display shown in producing.Capable signal in one embodiment and column signal are similar to those row signal and the column signals shown in Fig. 5, have just applied a series of pulses for every row, and be capable with each height of addressing, the duration difference of each in the described pulse.The reflective condition of the display at the end of each line time with graphic presentation in Fig. 8, each pulse below of corresponding line time separately.During a series of line times of every row, apply pulse, line time of each sub-row.Horizontal pulse under each line time of these line times has+5 volts the value and the duration of different (from left to right successively decreasing).Select described successively decreasing the duration, make horizontal pulse only those response times in the addressing row less than the modulator of described horizontal pulse.
The pulse of Fig. 8 is set at display state as shown in Figure 7, and is as follows.For first line time of row 1, row 1, apply-5 volts the row current potential and+5 volts horizontal pulse, with the setting state of the modulator of each son row in energized position, as along shown in Fig. 8 bottom.Row 1 current potential remains on the line time-5 of remaining row 1, maintains the excited target position with the state of each element during child is capable.In row 2, the current potential of applying in first line time+5 volt is together with horizontal pulse, the whole modulators with the child that discharges row 2 in capable.Be expert at during 1 second line time, row 2 current potentials that apply-5 volts are together with horizontal pulse, with two son row in bottom of action line 1.The duration of the horizontal pulse in second line time is less than response time of a son row topmost, thereby keeps the state of the modulator in the son row in described the top.Be expert at the third line time durations of 1, row 2 current potentials that apply-5 volts are together with horizontal pulse, to encourage the modulator in the bottom son row.Equally, the horizontal pulse duration of the third line time is less than the response time of the modulator in all the son row except the son row in bottom, thereby feasible only bottom line changes state.According to Fig. 8, use the pulse of row 3 and set, to set the capable state of child of row 3.
In the embodiment shown, each line time of delegation is near identical.Yet, should be appreciated that in other embodiments, line time can be shorter, for example, the line time of delegation can shorten to corresponding with the short horizontal pulse duration of each line time of delegation.In addition, any other fashionable driving voltage scheme can be used for replacing the exemplary scheme shown in Fig. 5 B and Fig. 7.In addition, although the capable change resistance that comprises the RC time that changes the son row of the child in the illustrated embodiment, in other embodiments, described sub-row can have electric capacity, resistance or its combination of change.
In certain embodiments, the response time of interferometric modulator according to removable mirror in slight cavity during, along with it expels the damping force that produces at the cavity between removable mirror and the fixed mirror with air (or another gas) and changes on removable mirror with respect to air movement.The resistance that this damping force moves in air as removable mirror.In one embodiment, by in removable mirror, forming some holes,, change above-mentioned damping force thus with minimizing air pressure to described removable mirror when removable mirror excitation also changes the electomechanical response of driver thus.In another embodiment, in the deformable film 34 of Fig. 6 C, form some holes.Other similar embodiment of interferometric modulator with change response time have been discussed in No. the 10/794th, 737, the U.S. patent application case of on March 3rd, 2004 application.In one embodiment, the response time of the interferometric modulator of son row changes according to one or more the variation of combination in RC feature, spring constant or the air damping power.
In other embodiments, other mechanical properties of interferometric modulator can change to change the mechanical response time of son interferometric modulator in the ranks.The described response time is depended on transformable some factors, comprises the deformable layer 34 of thickness, quality or material or Fig. 6 C of removable mirror 14.In certain embodiments, the interferometric modulator in each son row can have different spring constants.Embodiment also can change the response time by thickness, position or the formation that changes supporter.
In other embodiments, the interferometric modulator in each son row can have different excitations and release voltage, so that one group is electrically connected sub-row and can be addressed independently.Fig. 9 is similar to Fig. 3, has the graph of a relation of removable mirror position and the positive voltage that applied of exemplary embodiments of three interferometric modulators of nested stability window respectively for showing one.Innermost nested hysteresis window with trace 802 expression, has an excitation and a release voltage that has 8 volts and 4 volts values respectively.The nested hysteresis window that is right after with trace 804 expression, has an excitation and a release voltage that has 10 volts and 2 volts values respectively.Outmost nested hysteresis window with trace 806 expression, has an excitation and a release voltage that has 12 volts and 0 volt values respectively.
Can select the lag windwo of modulator and each sub-line correlation connection by changing the geometry and the material of modulator.Specific, can be by changing the geometry and the material behavior of modulator, select width (excitation and release voltage poor), position (location) (encourage and release voltage absolute value) and its relative value of excitation and release voltage.The characteristic of described change can comprise: for example, and the distance between the removable mirror supporter, the quality, thickness, drawing stress or the mirror that are associated with respect to this spring constant with removable mirror and/or move the layer of described mirror or the rigidity of mechanism, the specific inductive capacity or the thickness of the dielectric layer between stationary electrode and travelling electrode.The selection that has disclosed the hysteresis characteristic of interferometric modulator in more detail in No. the 60/613rd, 382, the interim patent case of the U.S. on September 7th, 2004 application, that be entitled as " METHOD ANDDEVICE FOR SELECTIVE ADJUSTMENT OF HYSTERESIS WINDOW ".
In such embodiment, interferometric modulator is aligned to the son row, as shown in Figure 8.The modulator of each son row has the hysteresis stability window, and described window is nested in wherein each other.In an illustrated embodiment, described stability window is from inside to outside nested, and the window shown in Fig. 9 is gone to nethermost son from uppermost son row.Figure 10 is a sequential chart, and demonstration is applied to first row (row 1) of this embodiment a series of capable signal and column signal with the display arrangement shown in the generation.Row and column class signal in one embodiment is similar to the row and column signal shown in Fig. 8, and just horizontal pulse is at value but not difference was arranged on the duration.Horizontal pulse is successively decreased on value from left to right, and is from top to bottom capable corresponding to child.Select this pulse delivery decrement value, only those have the modulator of less excitation/big release voltage in child is capable with addressing.For example, in the embodiment shown, with+6 and-6 volts current potential be applied to these row, and 2,4,6 volts horizontal pulse is applied to these are capable.
The pulse of Figure 10 is state shown in Figure 7 with the setting state of display, and is as follows.For first line time of row 1, row 1, apply-6 volts the row current potential and+6 volts horizontal pulse, with the setting state of the modulator of each son row in energized position, as along shown in Figure 10 bottom.Row 1 current potential remains on remaining row 1 line time-6, maintains the excited target position with the state of each element during child is capable.In row 2, the current potential of applying in first line time+6 volt is together with+6 volts horizontal pulse, the whole modulators with the child that discharges row 2 in capable.Be expert at during 1 second line time, row 2 current potentials that apply-6 volts are together with+4 volts horizontal pulse, with two son row in bottom of action line 1.Be expert at the third line time durations of 1, row 2 current potentials that apply-6 volts are together with+2 volts horizontal pulse, to encourage the modulator in the bottom son row.According to Figure 10, use the pulse of row 3 and set, to set the capable state of child of row 3.
Figure 11 is a process flow diagram, and an embodiment such as the method 850 of an embodiment of the display among Fig. 6 and Fig. 9 is upgraded in demonstration one.Method 850 starts from square 852, and wherein the driver 22 of Fig. 2 receives the view data that is used for the son row.In one embodiment, array control unit 22 receptions are from the data value of frame buffer.Then at square 854, array control unit 22 applies capable gating and the row current potential corresponding with described image data value to all interferometric modulator row.Advance to square 856, array control unit 22 receives and is used for the capable data of next son.Then at square 860, for each son row repeats the action of square 854 and 856.In one embodiment, square 854 and 856 action take place at least in part simultaneously.
Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B are the system block diagram of an embodiment of demonstration one display device 2040.Display device 2040 can be (for example) cellular phone or mobile phone.Yet the same components of display device 2040 or its slight variations also can illustrate dissimilar display device, for example TV or portable electronic device.
The display 2030 of exemplary display device 2040 can be any in the many kinds of displays, comprises bistable display as described herein.In other embodiments, know as the those skilled in the art, display 2030 comprises a flat-panel monitor, for example, and aforesaid plasma, EL, OLED, STN LCD or TFT LCD; Or non-tablet display, for example CRT or other tube arrangements.But, as described herein, for the purpose of explanation present embodiment, display 2030 comprises an interferometric modulator display.
The assembly that in Figure 12 B, schematically shows an embodiment of exemplary display device 2040.Shown in exemplary display device 2040 comprise a shell 2041 and can comprise that other are at least partially enclosed within the assembly in the shell 2041.For example, in one embodiment, exemplary display device 2040 comprises a network interface 2027, and network interface 2027 comprises that one is coupled to the antenna 2043 of a transceiver 2047.Transceiver 2047 is connected to and regulates the processor 2021 that hardware 2052 links to each other.Regulate hardware 2052 and can be configured to regulate a signal (for example signal being carried out filtering).Regulate hardware 2052 and be connected to a loudspeaker 2045 and a microphone 2046.Processor 2021 also is connected to an input media 2048 and a driving governor 2029.Driving governor 2029 is coupled to one frame buffer 2028 and array driver 2022, and array driver 2022 is coupled to a display array 2030 again.One power supply 2050 provides power according to the designing requirement of this particular exemplary display device 2040 to all component.
In an alternate embodiment, transceiver 2047 can be substituted by a receiver.In another alternate embodiment, network interface 2027 can be substituted by an image source that can store or produce the view data to processor 2021 to be sent.For example, this image source can be the software module that hard disk drive or that a digital video disk (DVD) or comprises view data produces view data.
The overall operation of processor 2021 common control example expressivity display device 2040.Processor 2021 automatic network interfaces 2027 or an image source receive data, for example compressed view data, and described data processing become raw image data or a kind of form that is easy to be processed into raw image data.After this, the data after processor 2021 will be handled are sent to driving governor 2029 or frame buffer 2028 is stored.Raw data is often referred to the information of the characteristics of image of each position in sign one image.For example, these characteristics of image can comprise color, saturation degree and gray level.
In one embodiment, processor 2021 comprises a microprocessor, CPU or is used for the logical block of the operation of control example expressivity display device 2040.Regulating hardware 2052 generally includes and is used for to loudspeaker 2045 transmission signals and from the amplifier and the wave filter of microphone 2046 received signals.Adjusting hardware 2052 can be the discrete component in the exemplary display device 2040, perhaps can incorporate in processor 2021 or other assemblies.
Driving governor 2029 directly receives the raw image data that is produced by processor 2021 from processor 2021 or from frame buffer 2028, and with described raw image data reformatting suitably, with high-speed transfer to array driver 2022.Particularly, driving governor 2029 is reformatted as one with raw image data and has the data stream of a grating class form, is applicable to the chronological order that scans whole display array 2030 so that it has one.After this, the information after driving governor 2029 will format is sent to array driver 2022.Although a driving governor 2029 (a for example lcd controller) usually as one independently integrated circuit (IC) be associated with system processor 2021, these controllers can be implemented by multiple mode.It can be used as in the hardware embedded processor 2021, as in the software embedded processor 2021 or together fully-integrated with example, in hardware and array driver 2022.
Usually, the self-driven controllers 2029 of array driver 2022 receive the information after the format and video data are reformatted as one group of parallel waveform, and the parallel waveform per second of this group many times is applied to from the hundreds of of the x-y picture element matrix of display and is thousands of lead-in wires sometimes.
In one embodiment, driving governor 2029, array driver 2022 and display array 2030 are applicable to the display of any kind as herein described.For example, in one embodiment, driving governor 2029 is a traditional display controller or a bistable state display controller (a for example interferometric modulator controller).In another embodiment, array driver 2022 is a legacy drive or a bistable state display driver (a for example interferometric modulator display).In one embodiment, a driving governor 2029 integrates with array driver 2022.This embodiment is very common in the integrated system of for example cellular phone, table and other small-area display equal altitudes.In another embodiment, display array 2030 is a typical display array or a bistable state display array (a for example display that comprises an interferometric modulator array).
Well-known various energy storing devices in the field under power supply 2050 can comprise.For example, in one embodiment, power supply 2050 is a rechargeable accumulator, for example nickel-cadmium accumulator or lithium-ions battery.In another embodiment, power supply 2050 is a regenerative resource, capacitor or solar cell, comprises plastic solar cell and solar cell coating.In another embodiment, power supply 2050 is configured to receive electric power from wall plug.
As indicated above, in certain embodiments, the control programmability resides in the driving governor, and this driving governor can be arranged on several positions of electronic display system.In some cases, the control programmability resides in the array driver 2022.Be understood by those skilled in the art that above-mentioned optimization is implemented in hardware that can any amount and/or component software and different configurations.
Should be appreciated that although this paper has disclosed some embodiment about " OK " and " row ", the use of these terms is these embodiment for convenience of description only.It would be apparent to someone skilled in the art that in other embodiments, the characteristic that belongs to the row or column in the exemplary embodiments can be completely or partially opposite.In addition, although with regard to a specific drive scheme some embodiment have been described among Fig. 7 and Figure 10, the present invention who is disclosed can adopt other suitable drive schemes, to change the duration or the value of the pulse that is applied.In addition,, a shared common interferometric modulator in groups that connects that drives is arranged in the plurality of sub group, should be appreciated that other embodiment can comprise other any arrangements of interferometric modulator in groups although in one embodiment.
In addition, although just some embodiment have been discussed through the interferometric modulator in groups that is electrically connected with different response times, and just through the interferometric modulator in groups with different hysteresis stability window that is electrically connected some other embodiment have been discussed, other embodiment can comprise the modulator through being electrically connected in groups with different response times and different hysteresis stability window.Can utilize in duration and all vicissitudinous a series of pulses of voltage two fermentation to come to this type of embodiment addressing.
Although above embodiment shows, describe and pointed out that the present invention is applied to the novel feature of various embodiment, it should be understood that, the those skilled in the art can be under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention to shown in device or the form and the details of process make various omissions, substitute or change.Scope of the present invention should be described by enclose claims but not preamble and define.All meaning and interior changes of scope that fall into the counterpart of claims all will be included within the scope of claims.
Claims (17)
1. display, it comprises:
A plurality of interferometric modulators, wherein at least some have the different tilt values relative with the addressing pulse width; With
Addressing circuit, it is configured to described a plurality of interferometric modulators the addressing pulse with different in width is provided, so that the various combination of described a plurality of interferometric modulators switches in an optional mode according to the width of described addressing pulse,
Wherein said addressing circuit is configured to whole interferometric modulators of providing in described a plurality of interferometric modulator all at least one second pulse to its response of one first pulse of its response and not enough whole described a plurality of interferometric modulators;
Wherein the removable mirror of the whole interferometric modulators in the selected row or column moves in response to described first pulse.
2. display according to claim 1, at least some the different interferometric modulators in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators have different physical construction to realize the different tilt values relative with the addressing pulse width.
3. display according to claim 2, the deflectionable part of at least some the different interferometric modulators in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators has different spring constants.
4. display according to claim 1, at least some the different interferometric modulators in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators have different resistance-capacitance time constants, to realize the different tilt values relative with the addressing pulse width.
5. display according to claim 1, at least some the different interferometric modulators in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators have different film thicknesses, to realize the different tilt values relative with the addressing pulse width.
6. display according to claim 1 further comprises the resistor of connecting with at least one addressed line or in the capacitor at least one.
7. display, it comprises:
A plurality of interferometric modulators, it has the different relative tilt values of the voltage with being applied; With
Addressing circuit, it is configured to described a plurality of interferometric modulators the addressing pulse with different voltage levels is provided, so that the various combination of described a plurality of interferometric modulators switches in an optional mode according to the voltage level of described addressing pulse,
Wherein said addressing circuit is configured to whole interferometric modulators of providing in described a plurality of interferometric modulator all at least one second pulse to its response of one first pulse of its response and not enough whole described a plurality of interferometric modulators;
Wherein the removable mirror of the whole interferometric modulators in the selected row or column moves in response to described first pulse.
8. display according to claim 7, at least some the different interferometric modulators in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators have different physical construction, to realize the different relative tilt values of the voltage with being applied.
9. display according to claim 7, at least some the different interferometric modulators in wherein said a plurality of interferometric modulators have different film thicknesses, to realize the different relative tilt values of the voltage with being applied.
10. display according to claim 9, wherein said different film thickness is included in the different-thickness of the insulation course between a deflecting electrode and the non-deflecting electrode.
11. display according to claim 7 further comprises:
One processor, it communicates with described a plurality of interferometric modulator electricity, and described processor is configured to image data processing; With
One memory storage that communicates with described processor electricity.
12. display according to claim 11 further comprises a controller, described controller is configured to and sends the described view data of at least a portion to described addressing circuit.
13. display according to claim 11 further comprises an image source module, described image source module is configured to and sends described view data to described processor.
14. display according to claim 13, wherein said image source module comprises at least one in a receiver, transceiver and the transmitter.
15. display according to claim 11 further comprises an input media, described input media is configured to and receives the input data and described input data are sent to described processor.
16. a display device, it comprises:
A plurality of members that are used for interferometric modulation light, the described member that is used for interferometric modulation light have and are used for selected different tilt values that apply voltage; With
The addressing member, be used for providing addressing pulse with different voltage levels to described a plurality of members that are used for interferometric modulation light, so that the various combination of described a plurality of members that are used for interferometric modulation light switches in an optional mode according to the voltage level of described addressing pulse
Wherein said addressing member is configured to provides described a plurality of whole with deficiency to one first pulse of its response all described a plurality of at least one second pulses that are used for the member of interferometric modulation light to its response that are used for the member of interferometric modulation light;
Wherein the whole removable mirrors that are used for the member of interferometric modulation light in the selected row or column move in response to described first pulse.
17. device according to claim 16, wherein said addressing member comprises a circuit driver.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60489604P | 2004-08-27 | 2004-08-27 | |
| US60/604,896 | 2004-08-27 | ||
| US60/606,223 | 2004-08-31 | ||
| US60/613,458 | 2004-09-27 | ||
| US11/051,251 | 2005-02-04 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910129348XA Division CN101694767B (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-26 | System and method for addressing mems display |
| CN2009101293511A Division CN101546526B (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-26 | System and method for addressing a MEMS display |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1744163A CN1744163A (en) | 2006-03-08 |
| CN100585674C true CN100585674C (en) | 2010-01-27 |
Family
ID=36139512
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200580028766XA Expired - Fee Related CN101010714B (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-23 | Systems and methods of actuating MEMS display elements |
| CN200510093575A Expired - Fee Related CN100585674C (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-26 | System and method for addressing a mems display |
| CN2009101293511A Expired - Fee Related CN101546526B (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-26 | System and method for addressing a MEMS display |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200580028766XA Expired - Fee Related CN101010714B (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-23 | Systems and methods of actuating MEMS display elements |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101293511A Expired - Fee Related CN101546526B (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-26 | System and method for addressing a MEMS display |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (3) | CN101010714B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI289708B (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2007-11-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | Optical interference type color display |
| US7948457B2 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2011-05-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods of actuating MEMS display elements |
| KR101628340B1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2016-06-08 | 퀄컴 엠이엠에스 테크놀로지스, 인크. | Display device, and method of forming display |
| US8872085B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2014-10-28 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display device having front illuminator with turning features |
| US8068710B2 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2011-11-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Decoupled holographic film and diffuser |
| US20090201282A1 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-13 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc | Methods of tuning interferometric modulator displays |
| CN102037331B (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2014-09-17 | 高通Mems科技公司 | Methods for measurement and characterization of interferometric modulators |
| US8736590B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2014-05-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Low voltage driver scheme for interferometric modulators |
| CN102834859B (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2015-06-03 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
| US8659611B2 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2014-02-25 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for frame buffer storage and retrieval in alternating orientations |
| US20130100099A1 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-25 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Adaptive line time to increase frame rate |
| US8669926B2 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2014-03-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Drive scheme for a display |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3919954B2 (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 2007-05-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Array type light modulation element and flat display driving method |
| WO2003007049A1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2003-01-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Photonic mems and structures |
-
2005
- 2005-08-23 CN CN200580028766XA patent/CN101010714B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-26 CN CN200510093575A patent/CN100585674C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-26 CN CN2009101293511A patent/CN101546526B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101010714B (en) | 2010-08-18 |
| CN101546526B (en) | 2011-05-18 |
| CN101546526A (en) | 2009-09-30 |
| CN101010714A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
| CN1744163A (en) | 2006-03-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100585674C (en) | System and method for addressing a mems display | |
| CN1755493B (en) | System and method for multi-level brightness in interferometric modulation | |
| CN1760970B (en) | Method and system for reducing power consumption in a display | |
| JP4422659B2 (en) | System and method for addressing a MEMS display | |
| CN101467198B (en) | Method and apparatus for low range bit depth enhancement for mems display architectures | |
| CN1755788B (en) | Method and system for writing data to MEMS display elements | |
| CN1755478B (en) | Conductive bus structure for interferometric modulator array | |
| CN1755435B (en) | Controller and driver features for bi-stable display | |
| US7777715B2 (en) | Passive circuits for de-multiplexing display inputs | |
| JP4399404B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for a display with integrated transparent components | |
| EP2383723A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for displaying images | |
| AU2005209700A1 (en) | System and method for implementation of interferometric modulator displays | |
| CN100487527C (en) | Method and system for driving a bi-stable display | |
| CN100418002C (en) | Staggered column drive circuit systems and methods | |
| CN100547453C (en) | Both sides all have the reflection display device of viewable display | |
| CN101694767B (en) | System and method for addressing mems display | |
| CN100523979C (en) | Method and device for multi-state interferometric light modulation | |
| CN100487547C (en) | Method and device for a display having transparent components integrated therein | |
| CN100585675C (en) | Display device, display drive and method for manufacturing the said and renewing display area | |
| CN1755503A (en) | Method and device for electrically programmable display | |
| MXPA05009166A (en) | System and method for addressing a mems display |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1086376 Country of ref document: HK |
|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: GAOTONG MEMS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: IDC CO., LTD. Effective date: 20100603 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20100603 Address after: American California Patentee after: Qualcomm MEMS Technology Corp. Address before: American California Patentee before: IDC LLC |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: WD Ref document number: 1086376 Country of ref document: HK |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20100127 Termination date: 20150826 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |