CN100578420C - Voltage-variable photovoltaic system maximal power tracing control method adapting to weather status - Google Patents

Voltage-variable photovoltaic system maximal power tracing control method adapting to weather status Download PDF

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CN100578420C
CN100578420C CN200810033999A CN200810033999A CN100578420C CN 100578420 C CN100578420 C CN 100578420C CN 200810033999 A CN200810033999 A CN 200810033999A CN 200810033999 A CN200810033999 A CN 200810033999A CN 100578420 C CN100578420 C CN 100578420C
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voltage
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output
coefficient
temperature
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CN101236446A (en
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刘立群
王志新
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention provides a maximum power tracking control method of a voltage variable photovoltaic system which adapts to weather conditions, belonging to the photovoltaic power generation technical field; firstly, three data of voltage, current outputted by a photovoltaic battery and temperature of a photovoltaic battery plate at a moment are collected by a collection circuit, and an open circuit voltage value and an illuminating value at the moment are worked out based on the collected data; secondly, an approximate optimum output voltage value is obtained by a real optimized voltage coefficient multiplying the open circuit voltage value, and the temperature and the illumination are compensated, which obtain a real optimum output voltage value, and further a real optimum output current value is obtained; thirdly, an output value of a load end is compared with the real optimum output voltage value and the real optimum output current value, and a maximum power output is realized based on the proportional plus integral control on a fluctuating chopper circuit and a double closed loop of the voltage and the current. The maximum power tracking control method of the voltage variable photovoltaic system improves the output power of a photovoltaic power generation system and simultaneously ensures the operational stability and reliability of the system.

Description

The time variant voltage photovoltaic system maximum power tracking and controlling method that adapts to weather conditions
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the control method in a kind of photoelectron technology field, specifically is a kind of time variant voltage photovoltaic system maximum power tracking and controlling method that adapts to weather conditions.
Background technology
The utilization of various regenerative resources and research are subjected to the attention of each main developed country of the world day by day, become one of effective means that solves energy crisis and environmental problem.Photovoltaic generating system can be converted into electric energy by the sun power that energy is huge, is one of important way of following generating.But therefore a series of problems such as photovoltaic generating system exists, and cost of investment height, efficient are low, output electric energy instability, are very important at a kind of maximum power tracking and controlling method efficiently of photovoltaic generating system research.Maximum power tracking and controlling method of the prior art is observed the method that combines etc. as constant voltage process, disturbance observation, increment conductance method, short-circuit current method, fuzz method, constant voltage and disturbance.Though solved problem to a certain extent, all had deficiencies such as low precision, bad adaptability and tracking efficient are low.
Find through literature search prior art, A.Saadi etc. are in " IEEE ISIE 2006 " (IEEE's industrial electronic international conference collection of thesis) (9-12 day in July, 2006, the 1716-1720 page or leaf) " the Optimisation of chopping ratio of back-boostconverter by MPPT technique with a variable reference voltage applied tothe photovoltaic water pumping system " that delivers on (adopting the Back-Boost transducer copped wave that becomes reference voltage maximal power tracing technology) than optimizing and the application in photovoltaic water pump system, propose the notion that time variant voltage is followed the tracks of in this article, but specifically how to realize not mentioning.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of time variant voltage photovoltaic system maximal power tracing (MPPT) control method that adapts to weather conditions has been proposed, compensation by temperature and illumination (intensity of sunshine) makes photovoltaic generating system Maximum Power Output all the time.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention includes following steps:
At first, when weather conditions change, collect the temperature three item number certificates of voltage, electric current and the photovoltaic battery panel of certain photovoltaic cell output constantly, go out the open-circuit voltage values and the brightness value in this moment again according to above-mentioned data computation by Acquisition Circuit;
Then, the actual optimization voltage coefficient be multiply by open-circuit voltage values obtain this approximate constantly optimum output voltage value, and carry out the compensation of temperature and illumination according to the temperature and the brightness value of this moment solar panel, obtain actual optimum output voltage value, and then obtain actual best output current value;
At last, with the optimum output voltage of reality and best output current value as set-point, and the output valve and the set-point of load end compared, and realize peak power output based on the proportional plus integral control of sepic circuit (stepping-up/stepping-down chopper circuit) and voltage, current double closed-loop.
Described near-optimal voltage coefficient is meant: have linear relationship between optimum output voltage and open-circuit voltage, even optimum output voltage be about open-circuit voltage K1 doubly, then the near-optimal voltage coefficient is taken as K1=0.76.
Describedly carry out temperature compensation, be meant: when the ambient temperature of photovoltaic generating system changes in-50 ℃ to 75 ℃ scope, pairing approximation is optimized voltage coefficient and is compensated, in the time of 25 ℃, the near-optimal voltage coefficient equals actual optimization voltage coefficient, so the near-optimal voltage coefficient does not need temperature compensation, and under other temperature conditions, temperature compensation coefficient is Δ W1=0.003/ ℃, and in T＞25 ℃, temperature compensation value Δ W is for just; Otherwise temperature compensation value Δ W is for negative, and the temperature compensation formula is specific as follows:
ΔW＝(T-25)×ΔW1 (1)
Wherein, T is the Celsius temperature of solar panel.
The described illuminance compensation that carries out is meant: when the extraneous intensity of sunshine of photovoltaic generating system at 0W/m 2To 1000W/m 2Scope in when changing, pairing approximation is optimized voltage coefficient and is compensated, as strength S=750W/m at sunshine 2, the near-optimal voltage coefficient equals the actual optimization voltage coefficient, and the near-optimal voltage coefficient does not need illuminance compensation, at S＞750W/m 2The time, the illuminance compensation coefficient is Δ S1=0.000012m 2/ W; At S＜750W/m 2The time, the illuminance compensation coefficient is Δ S2=0.00002667m 2/ W.The illuminance compensation value represents that with Δ S the illuminance compensation formula is specific as follows:
&Delta;S = ( S - 750 ) &times; &Delta;S 1 S > 750 W / m 2 0 S = 750 W / m 2 ( S - 750 ) &times; &Delta;S 2 S < 750 W / m 2 - - - ( 2 )
The described optimum output voltage value that obtains reality, be meant that integrated temperature compensation and illuminance compensation obtain actual optimization voltage coefficient K, specific as follows: K=K1+ Δ W+ Δ S, the actual optimization voltage coefficient be multiply by open-circuit voltage values obtain the optimum output voltage value, and this magnitude of voltage brought into obtain best output current value in the photovoltaic relational expression, both products are the peak power output value.
Describedly realize peak power output based on sepic circuit and voltage, current double closed-loop PI (proportional integral) control, be specially: by the dutycycle of the two closed loop PI control PWM of voltage and current (width modulation), and then control sepic circuit IGBT (igbt) or the switching frequency of MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect tube), the magnitude of voltage that makes the output of sepic circuit raise or reduce.
The two closed loop PI controls of described voltage and current, specifically: the optimum output voltage value is compared as set-point and load end output voltage values, fiducial value is carried out PI to be regulated, output result and load end output current value compare, fiducial value carries out the PI adjusting for the second time, the dutycycle of output valve control PWM, and the switching frequency of the PWM of output control IGBT trigger end, carry out DC/DC (DC-to-dc) conversion by the sepic circuit, just can the Maximum Power Output value.
The present invention compared with prior art, have following beneficial effect: the present invention can satisfy the needs of photovoltaic generating system maximal power tracing, (1) output efficiency height: have experimental data to show, general tracking and controlling method efficient is lower than 90%, and the output efficiency of the inventive method photovoltaic cell under different weather conditions can reach more than 99%; (2) energy loss is few: general tracking such as climbing method are by the output voltage of disturbance photovoltaic system, judge the situation of change of disturbance front and back system output power, and come system is controlled according to the principle that output power is increased, under this tracking, vibration can exist always, the loss of energy is inevitable, and can there be oscillation phenomenon in the maximum output efficiency of the inventive method by calculating; (3) tracking velocity is fast: general tracking such as increment conductance method computation process complexity, and tracking velocity is slower, and under the situation of low-light (level), it is very difficult following the tracks of peak power, and the inventive method just can trace into maximum power value in a few percent in second; (4) cost performance height, the total system circuit design is simple, and is with low cost, has positive effect for the performance that improves expensive photovoltaic generating system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a control flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 forms synoptic diagram for photovoltaic MPPT of the present invention system;
Fig. 3 is a time variant voltage MPPT algorithm keeps track effect emulation result schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is voltage and current double closed-loop control synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing enforcement of the present invention is elaborated: present embodiment is being to carry out under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, has provided detailed embodiment and process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As shown in Figure 2, for carrying out the photovoltaic MPPT system of present embodiment method, wherein: adopt the first perforation formula Hall current sensor HR1, the first perforation formula Hall current sensor HR2 to detect solar cell output current I1 and load end output current I2 respectively, model adopts the HKA50-YP type in the serial Hall current sensor of the HKA-YP of Beijing Hua Zhixing Science and Technology Ltd. far away, measures range of current 0-150A; Adopt the mode of electric resistance partial pressure to detect solar cell output voltage values V1 and load end output voltage values V2, wherein, resistance R 1 and resistance R 3 resistances are taken as 40K Ω (ohm), and resistance R 2 and resistance R 4 resistances are taken as 10K Ω (ohm); Adopt temperature sensor WD to detect the temperature value T of cell panel, the integrated temperature sensor AD590 that the model of temperature sensor adopts ADI to produce, temperature-measuring range-55 ℃～+ 150 ℃.L1 is 10 -4H (henry), L2 are 10 -3H (henry), C1 are 10 -6F (method), C2 are 10 -3F (method), IGBT select the 1MBG05D-060 or the 6MBP50JB060 of company of Fuji for use, and diode D1 adopts IN4148, and the A/D modular converter uses the A/D modular converter among the DSP.Above-mentioned three item numbers enter DSP (digital signal processor) according to V1, I1, T by the A/D conversion, and DSP comprises A/D modular converter, time variant voltage MPPT method module and variable duty cycle PWM module as shown in phantom in FIG..Calculate optimum output voltage value Vmppt by DSP, the optimum output voltage value is compared as set-point and load end output voltage values V2, by two closed-loop controls fiducial value being carried out PI regulates, output result and load end current value I 2 compare, fiducial value is carried out PI regulate, output valve is by the dutycycle of DSP control PWM, and the switching frequency of the PWM of output control IGBT, carry out the DC/DC conversion by the sepic circuit, just can the Maximum Power Output value.
As shown in Figure 1, the concrete implementing procedure of present embodiment is as follows:
Step 1, at moment n, measure solar cell output voltage V 1, output current I1 and cell panel temperature T three item number certificates, output voltage V 1=17.3V, output current I1=2.3A, cell panel temperature T=15.2 ℃;
Step 2, by I = Iph - Io [ exp { q nkT 1 ( V ) } - 1 ] Calculate the photogenerated current value Iph=2.92A in this moment, again with the Iph substitution Voc = nkT 1 q In ( Iph Io ) Calculate this moment open-circuit voltage values Voc=20.4V; And this short-circuit current value Isc ≈ Iph constantly, i.e. Isc ≈ 2.9A; And by S=(Isc/Isc (and 25 ℃, 1KW/m 2)) * 1000 can calculate brightness value S=763W/m 2
Wherein, and Isc (25 ℃, 1KW/m 2) be that temperature is that 25 ℃, illumination are 1KW/m 2The time short-circuit current value, Io is reverse saturation current (A); Id is the electric current (A) that flows through diode; Q is an electron charge (1.6 * 10 -19C); K is a Boltzmann constant (1.38 * 10 -23J/K); T1 is photovoltaic panel absolute temperature (the actual Celsius temperature of 273+); A is diode quality factor (span is 1-5).In the present embodiment open-circuit voltage Voc (25 ℃, 1KW/m 2), short-circuit current Isc (25 ℃, 1KW/m 2), diode quality factor n, reverse saturation current Io get 22V and 3.8A, 2.23 and 8 * 10 respectively -4A.
Step 3, judge according to the MPPT control method this moment, whether needs carried out temperature compensation; In the time of 25 ℃, the near-optimal voltage coefficient does not need temperature compensation.And under other temperature conditions, temperature compensation coefficient is Δ W1.In T＞25 ℃, temperature compensation value Δ W just gets; Otherwise, get negative.And the cell panel temperature that this collects constantly is 15.2 ℃, and by temperature compensation formula Δ W=(T-25) * Δ W1, Δ W1 is a temperature compensation coefficient, obtains temperature compensation value Δ W=-0.0294.
Step 4, judge this moment needs illuminance compensation whether according to the MPPT control method; Work as S=750W/m 2, the near-optimal voltage coefficient equals the actual optimization voltage coefficient, so the near-optimal voltage coefficient does not need illuminance compensation.At S＞750W/m 2The time, the illuminance compensation coefficient is Δ S1=0.00012; At S＜750W/m 2The time, the illuminance compensation coefficient is Δ S2=0.000267.And the intensity of sunshine that this calculates constantly is S=763W/m 2, by the illuminance compensation formula:
&Delta;S = ( S - 750 ) &times; &Delta;S 1 S > 750 W / m 2 0 S = 750 W / m 2 ( S - 750 ) &times; &Delta;S 2 S < 750 W / m 2 - - - ( 2 ) , Obtain illuminance compensation value Δ S=0.00015.
Step 5, obtain actual optimization voltage coefficient by formula (3), K=0.7308, the open-circuit voltage values in this moment be multiply by actual optimization voltage coefficient K, obtain actual optimum output voltage value of this moment, be Vmppt=K * Voc=14.9V, this value is brought in the following formula, obtain best output current value Imppt=2.6.
Imppt＝Iph-I0*[exp((q/(n*k*(T+273)))*(Vmppt))-1] (4)
Optimum output voltage value Vmppt is compared as set-point and load end output voltage values V2, specific as follows:
As Vmppt＞y2, set-point and load end output voltage values comparative result Δ V=Vmppt-V2＞0, explanation should improve the magnitude of voltage of load end, and comparative result Δ V obtains an output valve by the PI adjusting again, and this value can be used as best output current value, owing to will improve the magnitude of voltage of load end, so should the best output current value greater than the current output value of load end, be comparative result Δ I=Imppt-I2＞0, regulate output valve for just through PI, this value goes to control the dutycycle of PWM again, because output valve is for just, then the dutycycle of PWM increases, and the sepic circuit output voltage is raise, and promptly the load end output voltage increases;
As Vmppt＜V2, set-point and load end output voltage values comparative result Δ V=Vmppt-V2＜0, explanation should reduce the magnitude of voltage of load end, and comparative result Δ V obtains an output valve by the PI adjusting again, and should be worth as best output current value, owing to will reduce the magnitude of voltage of load end, so should the best output current value less than the current output value of load end, it is comparative result Δ I=Imppt-I2＜0, regulate output valve for negative through PI, this value goes to control the dutycycle of PWM again, because output valve is for negative, then the dutycycle of PWM reduces, and the sepic circuit output voltage is reduced, be that the load end output voltage reduces, so just can realize the maximal power tracing of load end.
As shown in Figure 4, voltage and current double closed-loop control synoptic diagram, optimum output voltage value Vmppt is compared as set-point and load terminal voltage value V2, fiducial value is carried out PI regulate, output result and load end current value I 2 compare, and fiducial value is carried out PI regulate, the dutycycle of output valve control PWM, and the switching frequency of the PWM of output control IGBT trigger end carries out the DC/DC conversion by the sepic circuit, just can the Maximum Power Output value.
As shown in Figure 3, time variant voltage MPPT method tracking effect simulation result for the present embodiment method, transverse axis is the photovoltaic electric current, the longitudinal axis is a photovoltaic power, as seen in Figure 3, under the situation of synthermal different illumination, the peak power output value that the time variant voltage MPPT method of proposing obtains and the peak power output valve of solar cell reality overlap substantially, promptly by behind temperature and the illuminance compensation, the resulting peak power output value of the proposed time variant voltage MPPT method of the present invention can be thought the peak power output of solar cell reality, output efficiency can reach more than 99%, and under different weather conditions, can accurately trace into the actual maximum power value that can export of solar cell, simulation result shows the not only maximum power value of tracking photovoltaic system exactly of this method, and tracking velocity is fast, can trace into maximum power value in a few percent in second.

Claims (6)

1. a time variant voltage photovoltaic system maximum power tracking and controlling method that adapts to weather conditions is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
At first, when weather conditions change, collect the temperature three item number certificates of voltage, electric current and the photovoltaic battery panel of certain photovoltaic cell output constantly, go out the open-circuit voltage values and the brightness value in this moment again according to above-mentioned data computation by Acquisition Circuit;
Then, approximate optimization voltage coefficient be multiply by open-circuit voltage values obtain this approximate constantly optimum output voltage value, and carry out the compensation of temperature and illumination according to the temperature and the brightness value of this moment solar panel, obtain actual optimum output voltage value, and then obtain actual best output current value;
At last, the optimum output voltage of reality and best output current value as set-point, and are compared the output valve and the set-point of load end, and realize peak power output based on the proportional plus integral control of stepping-up/stepping-down chopper circuit and voltage, current double closed-loop.
2. the time variant voltage photovoltaic system maximum power tracking and controlling method of adaptation weather conditions according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described near-optimal voltage coefficient, be meant: have linear relationship between optimum output voltage and open-circuit voltage, if optimum output voltage is about K1 times of open-circuit voltage, then the near-optimal voltage coefficient is taken as K1, K1=0.76.
3. the time variant voltage photovoltaic system maximum power tracking and controlling method of adaptation weather conditions according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, describedly carry out temperature compensation, be meant: when the ambient temperature of photovoltaic generating system changes in-50 ℃ to 75 ℃ scope, pairing approximation is optimized voltage coefficient and is compensated, in the time of 25 ℃, the near-optimal voltage coefficient equals actual optimization voltage coefficient, so the near-optimal voltage coefficient does not need temperature compensation, and under other temperature conditions, temperature compensation coefficient is Δ W1, and in T＞25 ℃, temperature compensation value Δ W is for just; Otherwise temperature compensation value Δ W is for negative, and the temperature compensation formula is specific as follows:
ΔW＝(T-25)×ΔW1
Wherein, T is the Celsius temperature of solar panel;
When the cell panel temperature is 15.2 ℃, by temperature compensation formula Δ W=(T-25) * Δ W1, Δ W1 is a temperature compensation coefficient, obtains temperature compensation value Δ W=-0.0294.
4. the time variant voltage photovoltaic system maximum power tracking and controlling method of adaptation weather conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described illuminance compensation that carries out is meant: when the extraneous intensity of sunshine of photovoltaic generating system at 0W/m 2To 1000W/m 2Scope in when changing, pairing approximation is optimized voltage coefficient and is compensated, as strength S=750W/m at sunshine 2, the near-optimal voltage coefficient equals the actual optimization voltage coefficient, and the near-optimal voltage coefficient does not need illuminance compensation, at S＞750W/m 2The time, the illuminance compensation coefficient is Δ S1=0.00012; At S＜750W/m 2The time, the illuminance compensation coefficient is Δ S2=0.000267, the illuminance compensation value represents that with Δ S the illuminance compensation formula is specific as follows:
&Delta;S = ( S - 750 ) &times; &Delta;S 1 S > 750 W / m 2 0 S = 750 W / m 2 ( S - 750 ) &times; &Delta;S 2 S < 750 W / m 2 .
5. the time variant voltage photovoltaic system maximum power tracking and controlling method of adaptation weather conditions according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, describedly realize peak power output based on stepping-up/stepping-down chopper circuit and voltage, current double closed-loop proportional plus integral control, be specially: by the dutycycle of the two closed loop proportional integration control width modulations of voltage and current, and then the switching frequency of igbt in the control stepping-up/stepping-down chopper circuit or metal oxide semiconductor field effect tube, the magnitude of voltage that makes stepping-up/stepping-down chopper circuit output raise or reduce.
6. the time variant voltage photovoltaic system maximum power tracking and controlling method of adaptation weather conditions according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the two closed loop proportional integration control of described voltage and current, specifically: the optimum output voltage value is compared as set-point and load end output voltage values, fiducial value is carried out proportional integral to be regulated, output result and load end output current value compare, fiducial value carries out the proportional integral adjusting for the second time, the dutycycle of output valve control width modulation, and the switching frequency of the pulse width modulation controlled igbt trigger end of output, carry out DC by stepping-up/stepping-down chopper circuit, the Maximum Power Output value.
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