CN100574934C - 一种凝固区间小金属半固态浆料制备方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种凝固区间小金属半固态浆料制备方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100574934C CN100574934C CN200710062605A CN200710062605A CN100574934C CN 100574934 C CN100574934 C CN 100574934C CN 200710062605 A CN200710062605 A CN 200710062605A CN 200710062605 A CN200710062605 A CN 200710062605A CN 100574934 C CN100574934 C CN 100574934C
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- graphite crucible
- heating tube
- zone
- solid slurry
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 210000001787 Dendrites Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000414 obstructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种凝固区间小金属半固态浆料制备方法及装置，属于凝固区间小金属半固态浆料的电磁搅拌制备研究领域，本发明在常规电磁搅拌法基础上，在坩埚壁内沿圆周对称分布冷却区与加热区，借助冷却区从熔体中导出热量，形成初生枝晶，借助加热区向熔体中导入热量，控制熔体结晶潜热的释放量，从而将凝固区间小金属熔体结晶潜热的释放过程控制在凝固区间以外较大温度范围内进行，较为准确地控制了凝固区间小金属半固态浆料的固相率，解决了现有电磁搅拌法“无法准确控制凝固区间小金属半固态浆料固相率”的技术问题。
Description
—种凝固区闾小金属半固态浆料制备方法及裝置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种凝固区间小金属半固态浆料的电磁搅拌制备方法及装置。 背景技术
据文献"Flemings M. Behavior of metal alloys in the semisolid state, Metall Trans, 1991， 22A: 957-981"和"毛卫民.半固态金属成形技术，北京：机械工业出 版社，2004"报道，从高温液态通过降温进行搅拌来制备半固态浆料的较为理想 的方法，主要有电磁搅拌法。电磁搅拌法的基本思想是在固液二相区在金属熔 体冷却凝固过程中，借助于电磁搅拌运动，打碎初生枝晶，形成初生固相颗粒 悬浮于液相中的半固态浆料。金属熔体处于固液二相区的凝固区间越大，半固 态浆料的固相率越容易控制，因此电磁搅拌法适合于凝固区间较大熔体的半固 态浆料的制备。对于凝固区间小的（小于2(TC)的熔体，现有电磁搅拌法很难 制备出固相率能够较为准确控制的半固态浆料。而半固态浆料的固相率对半固 态加工至关重要，只有固相率能够较为准确控制的半固态浆料，才能保证半固 态加工的顺利进行。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服现有电磁搅拌法"无法准确控制凝固区 间小金属半固态浆料固相率"的不足，提供一种能够较为准确控制凝固区间小金 属半固态浆料固相率的半固态浆料的制备方法及装置。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
在常规电磁搅拌法基础上，在坩埚壁内沿圆周对称分布冷却区与加热区， 借助温度在金属熔体固相线温度以下15'C以内的冷却区从熔体中导出热量，形成初生枝晶，利用电磁搅拌装置产生的周向运动，打碎形成的初生枝晶，借助 温度在熔体液相线温度以上15"C以内的加热区向熔体中导入热量，控制熔体结 晶潜热的释放量，进而控制半固态浆料的固相率，这样将凝固区间小金属熔体 结晶潜热的释放过程控制在凝固区间以外较大温度范围内进行，通过控制放大 了的金属熔体结晶潜热释放过程，来实现凝固区间小金属半固态浆料固相率的 较为准确的控制。
凝固区间小金属熔体半固态浆料的制备装置包括：电磁搅拌装置、石墨坩
埚、上盖、堵塞、外罩、Ar气管及热电偶。
电磁搅拌装置的三对电磁极对均布在石墨坩埚周围，与石墨坩埚外壁之间
的距离为5mm，电磁极对外侧加外罩；
石墨坩埚壁内沿圆周均匀分布3个预热加热管，用于预热石墨坩埚；以通 过石墨柑埚壁内的一个预热加热管的石墨坩埚半径为基准，分别在沿顺时针方 向与基准半径成a为75°和P为105°的半径与预热加热管同一圆周的交点处，安 置加热管，形成加热区，而在沿逆时针方向与基准半径成a为75"和3为105° 的半径与预热加热管同一圆周的交点处，安置冷却管，形成冷却区，预热加热
管、加热管和冷却管分别与外部电源和冷却液供给系统连接；热电偶分别从石 墨坩埚侧壁以石墨坩埚中心为基准对称插入石墨坩埚壁，位于同一水平面上， 该水平面在石墨埘埚熔体上表面以下即可，该水平面内热电偶的连线通过冷却 管连线中心和加热管连线中心，热电偶的头部与石墨坩埚壁内表面之间的距离a 为之mm;
Ar气管通过上盖上的孔插入石墨坩埚，堵塞位于石墨坩埚底部，电磁搅拌 装置与石墨坩埚分别固定在支架上。
凝固区间小金属半固态浆料的制备工艺步骤如下：步骤l，制备凝固区间小金属熔体，其温度保持在金属熔体液相线温度t液 以上5(TC;
步骤2 ，将上述金属熔体倒入预热至金属熔体固相线温度t ^的石墨坩埚中， 石墨坩埚由其壁内的预热加热管实现预热，盖上上盖，接通Ar气以防氧化；
步骤3，关闭预热加热管的电源，启动电磁搅拌装置，对金属熔体进行搅
拌；
步骤4，打开并调节加热管的电源对加热区进行加热，同时打开并调节冷却 管的冷却水对冷却区进行冷却，将冷却区的热电偶温度t》控制在金属熔体固相 线温度t间以下15"C以内即（t岡-t冷） <】5°C，将加热区的热电偶温度t热控制在熔体 液相线温度t液以上15。C以内即（t热-t液）<15°C,并且保持（t间-tn) > (t热-t液）， 使得金属熔体的结晶潜热能够逐渐释放，不断增大半固态浆料的固相率；
步骤5，稳定搅拌15min后，调节加热管的电源，将温度调至（U,-t々）= ("-t双)，抑制金属熔体的结晶潜热的进一步释放，得到固相率较为稳定的半固 态浆料。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明将凝固区间小金属熔体结晶潜热的释放过程 控制在凝固区间以外较大温度范围内进行，通过控制放大了的金属熔体结晶潜 热释放过程，实现了凝固区间小金属半固态桨料固相率的较为准确的控制，解 决了现有电磁搅拌法"无法准确控制凝固区间小金属半固态浆料固相率"的问题。 附图说明
图1为本发明方法制备凝固区间小金属半固态浆料装置的主视图。 图中石墨坩埚2，预热加热管3，冷却管4，加热管5，凝固区间小金属半 固态浆料6，堵塞7，外罩8，上盖9， Ar气管lO，热电偶11，支架12。 图2为本发明方法制备凝固区间小金属半固态浆料装置的A-A视图。图中电磁搅拌装置的电磁极对1。
图3为本发明方法制备的固相率为40%的铝半固态浆料的微观组织。 具体实施方式
结合附图对本发明制备凝固区间小金属半固态浆料装置具体说明如下： 该装置包括：电磁搅拌装置、石墨坩埚2、上盖9、堵塞7、外罩8、 Ar气 管10及热电偶11。
电磁搅拌装置的三对电磁极对1均布在石墨坩埚2周围，与石墨坩埚2外 壁之间的距离为5mm，电磁极对1外侧加外罩8; Ar气管10通过上盖9上的孔 插入石墨坩埚2，堵塞7位于石墨坩埚2底部，电磁搅拌装置与石墨坩埚2分别 固定在支架12上。
石墨坩埚2壁内沿圆周均匀分布3个预热加热管3，用于预热石墨坩埚2; 以通过石墨坩埚2壁内的一个预热加热管3的石墨坩埚半径为基准，分别在沿 顺时针方向与基准半径成a为75°和6为105a的半径与预热加热管3同一圆周的 交点处，安置加热管5，形成加热区，而在沿逆时针方向与基准半径成a为75" 和P为105e的半径与预热加热管3同一圆周的交点处，安置冷却管4，形成冷 却区，预热加热管3、加热管5和冷却管4分别与外部电源和冷却液供给系统连 接;热电偶11分别从石墨坩埚侧壁以石墨坩埚中心为基准对称插入石墨坩埚壁， 位于同一水平面上，该水平面在石墨坩埚金属熔体上表面以下10mm处，该水 平面内热电偶11的连线通过冷却管4连线中心和加热管5连线中心，热电偶11 的头部与石墨坩埚壁内表面之间的距离a为2mm。
实施方式一
在电磁搅拌装置的功率为10kW的条件下，本发明制备铝半固态浆料方法 的具体步骤：步骤i，制备纯铝液，温度控制在铝液相线温度ts+so-708i:;
步骤2 ，将上述铝液倒入预热温度为铝固相线温度t i,产658'C的石墨坩埚2 中，石墨坩埚2由其壁内的预热加热管3实现预热，盖上上盖9后，接通Ar气 以防氧化-,
步骤3，关闭预热加热管3的电源，启动电磁搅拌装置，对铝熔体进行搅
拌；
步骤4，打开并调节加热管5的电源对加热区进行加热，同时打开并调节冷 却管4的冷却水对冷却区进行冷却，加热区的热电偶11的温度"控制在铝液相 线温度t^+12-67(TC，冷却区的热电偶11的温度t冷控制在铝固相线温度 tBr15=643°C，使得铝熔体的结晶潜热能够逐渐释放，不断增大半固态浆料的固 相率；
步骤5，稳定搅拌15min后，调节加热管5的电源，将加热区的热电偶11 的温度t ft控制在铝液相线温度t «+15=673°C ，调节冷却管4的冷却水，将冷却 区的热电偶11的温度^控制在铝固相线温度"-15=643°(:，抑制铝熔体的结晶 潜热的进一步释放，得到固相率稳定在40%的铝半固态浆料6。
实施方式二
与实施方式一的区别为：加热区的热电偶ll的温度t^控制在666"C，冷却 区的热电偶ll的温度t》控制在648T:,稳定搅拌15min后，调节加热管5的电 源，将加热区的热电偶11的温度"控制在66『C，调节冷却管4的冷却水，将 冷却区的热电偶11的温度"控制在648。C，得到固相率稳定在30%的铝半固态 浆料6。
实施方式三
与实施方式一的区别为：加热区的热电偶11的温度控制t^在1Q9(TC，冷却区的热电偶11的温度t&控制在1075"，稳定搅拌15min后，调节加热管5 的电源，将加热区的热电偶11的温度t a控制在1095°C，调节冷却管4的冷却 水，将冷却区的热电偶11的温度t々控制在1075°C，得到固相率稳定在54%的 铜半固态浆料6。
附图3为本发明方法制备的固相率为40%的铝半固态浆料的微观组织，图 中呈球形或椭球形的白色部分为初生固相颗粒，可见，本发明方法可用于制备 凝固区间小金属半固态浆料。
Claims (2)
1.一种凝固区间小金属半固态浆料制备方法，采用电磁搅拌方法进行凝固区间小金属半固态浆料的制备，其特征在于，具体步骤如下： 步骤1，制备凝固区间小金属熔体，其温度保持在金属熔体液相线温度t液以上50℃； 步骤2，将上述金属熔体倒入预热至金属熔体固相线温度t固的石墨坩埚中，石墨坩埚由其壁内的预热加热管实现预热，盖上上盖，接通Ar气以防氧化； 步骤3，关闭预热加热管的电源，启动电磁搅拌装置，对金属熔体进行搅拌； 步骤4，打开并调节加热管的电源对加热区进行加热，同时打开并调节冷却管的冷却水对冷却区进行冷却，将冷却区的热电偶温度t冷控制在金属熔体固相线温度t固以下15℃以内即(t固-t冷)＜15℃，将加热区的热电偶温度t热控制在熔体液相线温度t液以上15℃以内即(t热-t液)＜15℃，并且保持(t固-t冷)＞(t热-t液)，使得金属熔体的结晶潜热能够逐渐释放，不断增大半固态浆料的固相率； 步骤5，稳定搅拌15min后，调节加热管的电源，将温度调至(t固-t冷)＝(t热-t液)，抑制金属熔体的结晶潜热的进一步释放，得到固相率较为稳定的半固态浆料。
2. —种凝固区间小金属半固态浆料制备装置，该装置包括：电磁搅拌装置、 石墨坩埚（2)、上盖（9)、堵塞（7)、外罩（8)、 Ar气管(10)及热电偶(11); 电磁搅拌装置的三对电磁极对（1)均布在石墨坩埚（2)周围，与石墨坩埚（2) 外壁之间的距离为5mm，电磁极对（1)外侧加外罩（8); Ar气管（10)通过 上盖（9)上的孔插入石墨坩埚（2)，堵塞（7)位于石墨坩埚（2)底部，电磁 搅拌装置与石墨坩埚（2)分别固定在支架（12)上；其特征在于：石墨坩埚（2)壁内沿圆周均匀分布3个预热加热管（3)，用于预热石墨坩埚（2);以通过石墨坩埚（2)壁内的一个预热加热管（3)的石墨坩埚半径为基准，分别在沿顺时针方向与基准半径成a为75"和P为105°的半径与预热加热 管（3)同一圆周的交点处，安置加热管（5)，形成加热区，而在沿逆时针方向 与基准半径成a为75。和P为105°的半径与预热加热管（3)同一圆周的交点处， 安置冷却管（4)，形成冷却区，预热加热管（3)、加热管（5)和冷却管（4) 分别与外部电源和冷却液供给系统连接；热电偶（11)分别从石墨坩埚侧壁以 石墨坩埚中心为基准对称插入石墨坩埚壁，位于同一水平面上，该水平面在石 墨坩埚熔体上表面以下，该水平面内热电偶（11)的连线通过冷却管（4)连线 中心和加热管（5)连线中心，热电偶（11)的头部与石墨坩埚壁内表面之间的 距离a为2mm。
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