CN100567327C - A kind of preparation method of molecule cage type starch - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of molecule cage type starch Download PDFInfo
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- CN100567327C CN100567327C CNB2007100727976A CN200710072797A CN100567327C CN 100567327 C CN100567327 C CN 100567327C CN B2007100727976 A CNB2007100727976 A CN B2007100727976A CN 200710072797 A CN200710072797 A CN 200710072797A CN 100567327 C CN100567327 C CN 100567327C
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Abstract
A kind of preparation method of molecule cage type starch, it relates to a kind of preparation method of starch.It has solved the absorption that present cyclodextrin is unwell to macromole and minimum molecule, and complex manufacturing, production cost height, slow-releasing is relatively poor relatively and the porous-starch structural instability, easily cave in, and causes many physicalies all to be lower than the problem of ative starch.Preparation method: one, system starch paste; Two, ball milling starch paste; Three, oven dry, pulverizing; Four, molecule crosslinked; Five, grafting, saponification; Six, precipitation, vacuum filtration.The molecule cage type starch that the present invention prepares have the molecule containment structure closely, Stability Analysis of Structures, internal loose, do not cave in, the advantage of aperture adjustable size in the molecular network.The molecule of the adsorbable different size of molecule cage type starch that the present invention prepares, and production technique is simple, production cost is low, only be the cyclodextrin production cost 65%, slow-releasing is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of starch.
Background technology
The research of sorbent material and embedding medium starts from the sixties, the most frequently used sorbent material and embedding medium have gac, silica gel, atlapulgite and resin, polyvinyl alcohol etc., but because worsening shortages, the price of resource are expensive, environmental pollution is serious day by day, the growing and people of life science enlarge day by day to the demand of natural product, gac, silica gel, atlapulgite, resin and polyvinyl alcohol etc. can't satisfy people's needs.
Starch base sorbent material and embedding medium (cyclodextrin and porous-starch) have advantages such as cheap and easy to get, recyclability, degradability, wide material sources and industrial pollution be light as type material.Cyclodextrin is the less Molecularly Imprinted Polymer of starch through generating after enzymolysis, liquefaction and the fermentation, α, β, three kinds of common structures of γ are arranged, constitute by 6,7,8 glucose molecules respectively, hole, a cave of cyclodextrin molecular intermediate formation, α, β, three kinds of structures of γ have different (hole, cave) internal diameters: the alpha-cylodextrin internal diameter is
The beta-cyclodextrin internal diameter is
The γ-Huan Hujing internal diameter is
Can embedding, connect the molecules of different sizes.The cavity radius of cyclodextrin generally is about 6 * 10
-10M～10 * 10
-10M, the oil-soluble substance adsorption rate is 10%～13%, water-intake rate 〉=130%, its adsorbed thing particle diameter≤10 * 10
-10M, the solubleness of 1g cyclodextrin is 1%～24% in per 100 ml waters.Because the constructional specificity of cyclodextrin makes its intramolecular hollow structure be easy to coat various less molecules (molecular weight is 100～600 dalton), form bag and connect compound, and can improve the stability that bag connects compound owing to the effect of Van der Waals force and hydrogen bond; But cyclodextrine has specific requirement to the guest compound molecule of embedding, connection, is unwell to the absorption of macromole and minimum molecule, and the complex manufacturing of cyclodextrin, and production cost height, slow-releasing are also relatively poor relatively.Porous-starch is a kind of enzyme denaturation starch, handle a kind of cellular porous property starch carrier that the back forms by enzymic hydrolysis, particle surface has many apertures, its hole diameter is about 1 μ m, aperture is covered with whole starch surface, and by the surface to the center deeply, the volume in hole accounts for particle volume about 50%.The chamber radius of porous-starch generally is about 0.5 * 10
-6M～1.5 * 10
-6M, the adsorption rate of oil-soluble substance 〉=110%, water-intake rate≤20%, the material particle diameter that is adsorbed wants≤1.5 * 10
-6M, solubleness≤5% of 1g porous-starch in per 100 ml waters.The ratio of the size of micro-pore diameter, micropore vestibule volume and starch cumulative volume and micropore have determined the quality of porous-starch in the distribution situation of the distribution situation on starch surface and porous-starch internal capillary.The size of micro-pore diameter has determined the absorption property and the sustained release performance of porous-starch, but because after starch forms micropore, structural instability, easily caves in, and has influenced the adsorption effect of porous-starch, causes many physicalies all to be lower than ative starch; And the adsorption of porous-starch belongs to physical property absorption, do not have selectivity.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be unwell to the absorption of macromole and minimum molecule in order to solve present cyclodextrin, and complex manufacturing, production cost height, slow-releasing is relatively poor relatively and the porous-starch structural instability, easily cave in, cause many physicalies all to be lower than the problem of ative starch, and the preparation method of a kind of molecule cage type starch that provides.
Molecule cage type starch prepares according to the following steps: one, with the starch and the ethanol preparation starch paste of moisture content＜1%, wherein starch and alcoholic acid mass ratio are 7～12: 28; Two, ball milling starch paste: the quantity ratio of big ball, middle ball, bead is 1: 4: 2, and ball material mass ratio is 5～6: 1, and drum's speed of rotation is 100～300r/min, and the ball milling time is 20～30h; Three, the ball milling starch paste that obtains of step 2 through oven dry, pulverize, obtain decrystallized starch; Four, it is soluble in water to get the Trisodium trimetaphosphate of decrystallized starch quality 5%～8%, add decrystallized starch and be that 5% sodium hydroxide solution adjusting pH value is 7～11 with concentration, place 20～50 ℃ of environment to react 2.0～4.0h then, again and the system pH after-filtration, solid formation is dry under 40～50 ℃ of conditions after washing, and promptly gets crosslinked decrystallized starch; Five, the water that in crosslinked decrystallized starch, adds 10～20 times of crosslinked decrystallized starch qualities, gelatinization 30～40min under 80～85 ℃ of conditions, be cooled to 20～40 ℃ then, feed nitrogen 10～40min, ceric ammonium nitrate-vinyl cyanide the mixed solution that adds 1.25～2.5 times of liquid volumes after the gelatinization, and under 30～50 ℃ of conditions, react 1.0～3.0h, regulate pH value to 7 with sodium hydroxide solution again, be heated to 70～85 ℃ afterwards, and keep temperature 25～35min of 70～85 ℃, add after the gelatinization 0.8～1.6 times of liquid volume then, concentration is sodium hydroxide solution saponification 2.0 ± 0.1h under 100 ℃ of conditions of 1mol/L; Six, with acetate regulation system pH value to 7～7.5, use mass concentration greater than 95% ethanol sedimentation solid formation again, vacuum filtration, solid formation are dry in 60～80 ℃ of environment, and pulverizing promptly obtains molecule cage type starch; Wherein the ratio in every milliliter of 0.1g is dissolved in the nitric acid that concentration is 1mol/L with ceric ammonium nitrate, adds and the isopyknic vinyl cyanide of nitric acid then, is mixed with ceric ammonium nitrate-vinyl cyanide mixed solution.
The molecule cage type starch that the present invention prepares is a kind of high reactivity starch, and molecule cage type starch is on the basis of cyclodextrin molecular hole theory the constitutional features in molecule hole to be developed into the molecule cage type stage with space multistory structure.Mainly form crystallizing field in the starch granules, form the pars amorpha, because the ununiformity of grain pattern, the formation of the loose of starch molecular chain and molecule cage is caused very big constraint effect by amylose starch by amylopectin; So the present invention earlier changes its natural polymer conformation by physical means, make that the duplex of amylopectin connects loose, depolymerization in the starch granules, form the spatial disposition mode similar to amylose starch, be prepared into decrystallized state W-Gum.
It is crosslinked that the present invention with the Trisodium trimetaphosphate is that the dual-active monomer carries out starch molecular chain, makes starch molecule generate the networked structure that is different from the natural structure under the effect of introducing new functional group.Crosslinked decrystallized starch among the present invention can form the molecule aperture of non-homogeneous networking, and can suitably regulate (thereby the pH value by step 4 sodium hydroxide conditioned reaction system reaches the purpose of the size of regulating the molecule space aperture) according to the granular size of required embedding substance.The present invention is initiator with the ceric ammonium nitrate, with vinyl cyanide crosslinked decrystallized starch is carried out getting molecule cage type starch after the graft copolymerization.
The molecule cage type starch that the present invention prepares have the molecule containment structure closely, Stability Analysis of Structures, internal loose, do not cave in, the advantage of aperture adjustable size in the molecular network.The molecule of the adsorbable different size of molecule cage type starch that the present invention prepares, and production technique is simple, production cost is low, only be the cyclodextrin production cost 65%, slow-releasing is good.The resistance to enzymolysis performance of the molecule cage type starch that the present invention prepares, chemical stability, thermostability etc. all are better than cyclodextrin, and can realize macromolecular embedding.
The molecule cage type starch that the present invention prepares can be adsorbed in the air easily oxidation, easily decomposes or meet unsettled material such as photofading, as DHA, EPA, vitamin-E, vitamin A, β-Hu Luobusu, Lyeopene, soybean phospholipid etc.Can be used for the production of deep sea fish oil and infant formula powder.The molecule cage type starch that the present invention prepares can also be realized the effect to institute's embedding substance slowly-releasing or the specific release of enteric solubility matters.The molecule cage type starch that the present invention prepares also can seal peculiar smell, and the material sealing of bitter taste, stink will be arranged, and improves the eating quality of its product.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the present embodiment molecule cage type starch prepares according to the following steps: one, with the starch and the ethanol preparation starch paste of moisture content＜1%, wherein starch and alcoholic acid mass ratio are 7～12: 28; Two, ball milling starch paste: the quantity ratio of big ball, middle ball, bead is 1: 4: 2, and ball material mass ratio is 5～6: 1, and drum's speed of rotation is 100～300r/min, and the ball milling time is 20～30h; Three, oven dry, pulverizing obtain decrystallized starch; Four, it is soluble in water to get the Trisodium trimetaphosphate of decrystallized starch quality 5%～8%, add decrystallized starch and be that 5% sodium hydroxide solution adjusting pH value is 7～11 with concentration, place 20～50 ℃ of environment to react 2.0～4.0h then, again and the system pH after-filtration, solid formation is dry under 40～50 ℃ of conditions after washing, and promptly gets crosslinked decrystallized starch; Five, the water that in crosslinked decrystallized starch, adds 10～20 times of crosslinked decrystallized starch qualities, gelatinization 30～40min under 80～85 ℃ of conditions, be cooled to 20～40 ℃ then, feed nitrogen 10～40min, ceric ammonium nitrate-vinyl cyanide the mixed solution that adds 1.25～2.5 times of liquid volumes after the gelatinization, and under 30～50 ℃ of conditions, react 1.0～3.0h, regulate pH value to 7 with sodium hydroxide solution again, be heated to 70～85 ℃ afterwards, and keep temperature 25～35min of 70～85 ℃, add after the gelatinization 0.8～1.6 times of liquid volume then, concentration is sodium hydroxide solution saponification 2.0 ± 0.1h under 100 ℃ of conditions of 1mol/L; Six, with acetate regulation system pH value to 7～7.5, use mass concentration greater than 95% ethanol sedimentation solid formation again, vacuum filtration, solid formation are dry in 60～80 ℃ of environment, and pulverizing promptly obtains molecule cage type starch; Wherein the ratio in every milliliter of 0.1g is dissolved in the nitric acid that concentration is 1mol/L with ceric ammonium nitrate, adds and the isopyknic vinyl cyanide of nitric acid then, is mixed with ceric ammonium nitrate-vinyl cyanide mixed solution.
The molecule cage type starch that present embodiment is prepared has been compared a lot of good characteristics with ative starch.The adsorption rate of the oil-soluble substance of molecule cage type starch 〉=180%, water-intake rate 〉=60%, solubleness≤3% of 1g molecule cage type W-Gum in per 100 ml waters.
The molecule cage type starch that present embodiment is prepared can remedy cyclodextrin for polarity macromole inclusion ability, to problems such as water-soluble flavor material carrying capacity are low, and it is too much unstable because of hole also can to remedy the porous-starch particle, the problem of the easy disintegration of adsorptive.
The molecule cage type starch that present embodiment is prepared especially is fit to macromolecular embedding, and the embedding phenomenon of osmosis that does not have cyclodextrin occurs.The molecule cage type starch that present embodiment is prepared can be used as absorption or embedded material is widely used in food, medicine and cosmetic industry.
The alcoholic acid mass concentration of using in the present embodiment step 1 is 40%～60%.
Embodiment two: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: starch is W-Gum in the step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Starch moisture content＞1% can adopt the method transpiring moisture of oven dry.
Because the molecule cage type W-Gum is to utilize the network structure characteristics of corn starch molecules itself and introduce functional group, has further stablized the inherent molecular structure, has stable performance, acid-resistant stability and thermostability.Starch acid-resistant stability and heat-resistant stability can be by starch paste liquid the variation of k value judge that the heat-resisting stable and acid-resistant stability of the more little starch of viscosity difference can be high more.Measuring the viscosity difference of porous-starch be incubated half an hour in 95 ℃ of environment before and after by the Brabender viscometer is 4.52Pas, and the molecule cage type W-Gum to be incubated the viscosity difference of front and back half an hour in 95 ℃ of environment be 2.09Pas; The pH value for insulation half an hour in 9 and 3,95 ℃ of environment respectively before and after the viscosity difference of porous-starch be respectively 1.78Pas, and 0.33Pas, the viscosity difference of molecule cage type W-Gum is respectively 1.84Pas and 0.21Pas.The thermostability and the acid-resistant stability of molecule cage type W-Gum all are better than porous-starch under the experimental data explanation acidic conditions.
Molecule cage type starch and the soybean protein peptide solution stirring prepared with present embodiment, obtain molecule cage type W-Gum one soybean protein peptide inclusion compound after the emulsion spraying drying of high-speed mixing, soybean protein peptide is attracted in the molecule cage type net bundle structure of molecule cage type starch, the embedding amount of soybean protein peptide reaches 37.3%, the embedding rate of the microscapsule powder that forms than porous-starch improves 14%, and the inclusion compound powder does not have bitter taste.
Inclusion DHA and EPA: the inclusion amount of cyclodextrin and DHA and EPA is respectively 1.36% and 1.27%; The inclusion amount of molecule cage type starch that present embodiment is prepared and DHA and EPA increases to 5.38% and 5.19% respectively.
The molecule cage type starch that present embodiment is prepared has overcome cyclodextrin encapsulated unstable, has suppressed the fishy smell of fish oil, and inclusion compound solubleness has also exceeded 37% than the inclusion compound that cyclodextrin forms.
The molecule cage type starch that present embodiment is prepared can be given the slowly-releasing of its embedding substance or the specific release of enteric solubility matters.Ovalbumin (OVA) is an anaphylactogen main in the egg white, OVA is at the simulated intestinal fluid (phosphate buffer soln of pH=6.8, wherein pancreas enzyme concentration is 10g/L) in the release rate of 3h be 35%～51%, all dissolution time is 12～14h, and OVA combine with the molecule cage type W-Gum form inclusion compound after, the 3h release rate in simulated intestinal fluid of OVA wherein is 3%～19%, and all stripping then needs 24h.Therefore molecule cage type starch-OVA inclusion compound can avoid human body to take in complete anaphylactogen, thereby can reach antianaphylactic purpose.
Embodiment three: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the diameter ratio of big ball, middle ball, bead is 4: 2: 1 in the step 2.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: bake out temperature is 40～50 ℃ in the step 3.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the quality of water is 10～20 times of Trisodium trimetaphosphates in the step 4.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment six: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: regulate pH value to 7～8 with sodium hydroxide solution in the step 4.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
The molecule space aperture that calculates the present embodiment molecule cage type starch according to BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) method is about 2 * 10
-7～5 * 10
-7M.
The method of calculation in present embodiment molecule cage type starch aperture:
Molecule cage type is formed sediment sample behind 105 ℃ of vacuum outgas dehydration 2h, adopt the MicrumetricsASAP2000 system under liquid nitrogen temperature (77.35K), with high-purity N
2Absorption-the Tuo that does the adsorbate working sample inhales thermoisopleth, by BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) Equation for Calculating specific surface area, B
JH(Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) method is analyzed specific surface area, pore volume, aperture and pore distribution.
According to BET multilayer Adsorption Model, satisfy the BET equation between adsorptive capacity and the adsorbate partial pressure:
Wherein: P
0Be the inclusion vapour pressure of gas adsorption matter when the boiling point; P is an a certain dividing potential drop selected when measuring adsorptive capacity;
P
0/ P is called relative pressure; W is the adsorptive capacity when nitrogen partial pressure is P0;
Wm is the saturated monolayer adsorptive capacity; C is the BET constant;
By saturated extent of adsorption (W
mBut) specific surface area of calculation sample:
St＝W
mNA
cs/Mw
Wherein: W
mBe the saturated zone adsorptive capacity; N is an Avogadro constant number;
A
CsSectional area (nitrogen 0.162nm for adsorption molecule
2/ molecule);
M is the molecular weight (nitrogen 28.0314mol/g) of adsorbate,
The quality of specimen in use when w is mensuration;
Under steady temperature, progressively change dividing potential drop by from 0.01 to 1, measure corresponding adsorptive capacity, by adsorptive capacity dividing potential drop is mapped, then obtain adsorption isothermal line.Otherwise from 1 to 0.01 progressively changes dividing potential drop, measures corresponding desorption rate, by desorption rate dividing potential drop is mapped, and obtains desorption isotherm.
Distribute according to desorption isothermal curve calculated hole diameters, according to the Kelvin equation, pore radius can be expressed as:
Wherein: γ is adsorbate surface tension (77.35K liquid nitrogen: 8.85 * 10-3J/m2) when boiling point;
T is the boiling point (liquid nitrogen 77.35K) of liquid adsorbate
Actual pore radius is r
p=r
k+ t, wherein t is the thickness of adsorption layer,
Therefore on this basis according to the BJH theory, pore radius is
The molecule space aperture that calculates the present embodiment molecule cage type starch by the BJH method is about 2 * 10
-7～5 * 10
-7M.
Embodiment seven: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: regulate pH value to 8～9 with sodium hydroxide solution in the step 4.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
The molecule space aperture that calculates the present embodiment molecule cage type starch according to BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) method is about 5 * 10
-7～8 * 10
-6M.
Embodiment eight: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: regulate pH value to 9～10 with sodium hydroxide solution in the step 4.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
The molecule space aperture that calculates the present embodiment molecule cage type starch according to BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) method is about 8 * 10
-6～1 * 10
-5M.
Embodiment nine: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: regulate pH value to 10～11 with sodium hydroxide solution in the step 4.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
The molecule space aperture that calculates the present embodiment molecule cage type starch according to BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) method is about 1 * 10
-5～3 * 10
-5M.
Embodiment ten: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the water that adds 15 times of crosslinked decrystallized starch qualities in the step 5 in crosslinked decrystallized starch, gelatinization 35min under 82～84 ℃ of conditions, be cooled to 25～35 ℃ then, feed nitrogen 30min, ceric ammonium nitrate-vinyl cyanide the mixed solution that adds 1.7 times of liquid volumes after the gelatinization again, and under 35～45 ℃ of conditions, react 2.0h, regulate pH value to 7 with sodium hydroxide solution again, be heated to 75～80 ℃ afterwards, and keep 75～80 ℃ temperature 20min, add after the gelatinization 1.2 times of liquid volumes then, concentration is sodium hydroxide solution saponification 2.0h under 100 ℃ of conditions of 1mol/L.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 11: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: solid formation is dry in 70 ℃ of environment in the step 6.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of preparation method of molecule cage type starch is characterized in that molecule cage type starch prepares according to the following steps: one, with the starch and the ethanol preparation starch paste of moisture content＜1%, wherein starch and alcoholic acid mass ratio are 7～12: 28; Two, ball milling starch paste: the quantity ratio of big ball, middle ball, bead is 1: 4: 2, and ball material mass ratio is 5～6: 1, and drum's speed of rotation is 100～300r/min, and the ball milling time is 20～30h; Three, oven dry, pulverizing obtain decrystallized starch; Four, it is soluble in water to get the Trisodium trimetaphosphate of decrystallized starch quality 5%～8%, add decrystallized starch and be that 5% sodium hydroxide solution adjusting pH value is 7～11 with concentration, place 20～50 ℃ of environment to react 2.0～4.0h then, again and the system pH after-filtration, solid formation is dry under 40～50 ℃ of conditions after washing, and promptly gets crosslinked decrystallized starch; Five, the water that in crosslinked decrystallized starch, adds 10～20 times of crosslinked decrystallized starch qualities, gelatinization 30～40min under 80～85 ℃ of conditions, be cooled to 20～40 ℃ then, feed nitrogen 10～40min, ceric ammonium nitrate-vinyl cyanide the mixed solution that adds 1.25～2.5 times of liquid volumes after the gelatinization, and under 30～50 ℃ of conditions, react 1.0～3.0h, regulate pH value to 7 with sodium hydroxide solution again, be heated to 70～85 ℃ afterwards, and keep temperature 25～35min of 70～85 ℃, add after the gelatinization 0.8～1.6 times of liquid volume then, concentration is sodium hydroxide solution saponification 2.0 ± 0.1h under 100 ℃ of conditions of 1mol/L; Six, with acetate regulation system pH value to 7～7.5, use mass concentration greater than 95% ethanol sedimentation solid formation again, vacuum filtration, solid formation are dry in 60～80 ℃ of environment, and pulverizing promptly obtains molecule cage type starch; Wherein the ratio in every milliliter of 0.1g is dissolved in the nitric acid that concentration is 1mol/L with ceric ammonium nitrate, adds and the isopyknic vinyl cyanide of nitric acid then, is mixed with ceric ammonium nitrate-vinyl cyanide mixed solution.
2, the preparation method of a kind of molecule cage type starch according to claim 1 is characterized in that starch is W-Gum in the step 1.
3, the preparation method of a kind of molecule cage type starch according to claim 1 is characterized in that bake out temperature is 40～50 ℃ in the step 3.
4, the preparation method of a kind of molecule cage type starch according to claim 1 is characterized in that the quality of water is 10～20 times of Trisodium trimetaphosphates in the step 4.
5, the preparation method of a kind of molecule cage type starch according to claim 1 is characterized in that regulating pH value to 7～8 with sodium hydroxide solution in the step 4.
6, the preparation method of a kind of molecule cage type starch according to claim 1 is characterized in that regulating pH value to 8～9 with sodium hydroxide solution in the step 4.
7, the preparation method of a kind of molecule cage type starch according to claim 1 is characterized in that regulating pH value to 9～10 with sodium hydroxide solution in the step 4.
8, the preparation method of a kind of molecule cage type starch according to claim 1 is characterized in that regulating pH value to 10～11 with sodium hydroxide solution in the step 4.
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