CN100550570C - Electric energy transmission system and the primary device of using therein - Google Patents

Electric energy transmission system and the primary device of using therein Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100550570C
CN100550570C CNB038105055A CN03810505A CN100550570C CN 100550570 C CN100550570 C CN 100550570C CN B038105055 A CNB038105055 A CN B038105055A CN 03810505 A CN03810505 A CN 03810505A CN 100550570 C CN100550570 C CN 100550570C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
primary
unit
charging
battery
magnetic
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CNB038105055A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1653669A (en
Inventor
郑嘉丽
詹姆士·韦斯特伍德·海
皮尔格林·贾尔斯·威廉·贝亚尔
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捷通国际有限公司
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Priority to GBGB0210886.8A priority Critical patent/GB0210886D0/en
Priority to GB0210886.8 priority
Priority to GB0213024.3 priority
Priority to GBGB0213024.3A priority patent/GB0213024D0/en
Priority to GB0225006.6 priority
Priority to GBGB0225006.6A priority patent/GB0225006D0/en
Priority to GBGB0228425.5A priority patent/GB0228425D0/en
Priority to GB0228425.5 priority
Priority to GB10/326,571 priority
Priority to US10/326,571 priority patent/US6906495B2/en
Application filed by 捷通国际有限公司 filed Critical 捷通国际有限公司
Publication of CN1653669A publication Critical patent/CN1653669A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100550570C publication Critical patent/CN100550570C/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00—Coils
    • H01F5/003—Printed circuit coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/25—Magnetic cores made from strips or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/02—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0213—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s)
    • H01F41/0226—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s) from amorphous ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0233—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
    • H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
    • H01F2017/006—Printed inductances flexible printed inductors

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of system and method that is used for transfer electrical energy and does not need direct electric connection to touch.The invention provides and a kind ofly have power supply and be the primary device of laminar charging surface basically.This charging surface has at least one lead that generates an electromagnetic field when electric current is flowed through, and has the charging zone that is limited in this charging surface scope.At least one lead arranges like this, make the electromagnetic field lines that produces by this at least one lead substantially parallel with the plane of charging surface or with interior charging surface angle at 45 at least, charging zone or littler; The present invention also provides at least a second unit.This second unit comprises that at least one can be around the lead of magnetic core winding.Because electromagnetic field is dispersed in charging zone and usually in the regional keeping parallelism of charging or approximate parallel, improve greatly from different directions with coupling such as the flat second unit of mobile phone etc.

Description

Electric energy transmission system and the primary device of using therein
The application requires respectively on May 13rd, 2002, on June 7th, 2002, on October 28th, 2002 and the GB Patent Application No. 0210886.8,0213024.3,0225006.6 of submission on December 6th, 2002 and 0228425.5 priority, and the priority of the Application No. of submitting on December 20th, 2,002 10/326,571.The full content of all these patent applications formerly is incorporated among the application as a reference.
Technical field
This invention relates to a kind of new equipment and method that is used for contactless mode electric energy transmitting.
Background technology
Current many portable sets combine can recharge " assisting " battery, for the user provides cost savings, and exempt the inconvenience that the new battery of terrific irregular purchase is brought.The example of these portable sets comprises personal digital assistant, electric shaver and the electric toothbrush of cell phone, laptop computer, palm 500 series.In some such equipment, battery carries out recharge by inductance coupling high rather than direct the electrical connection.Such example comprises the Plak Control electric toothbrush of Braun Oral B, the digital cordless phone solution KX-PH15AL of Panasonic and the bull shaving of man cutter ES70/40 series of Panasonic.
Each such equipment has an adapter or charger usually, and this adapter or charger obtain electric energy from electric power, automobile cigarette lighter or other power supply of power supply supply, and converts thereof into a kind of form that storage battery is charged of being suitable for.There are many problems in the conventional method that provides electric power or charging to adopt for these equipment:
The characteristic of the battery in each equipment and the method that is connected with battery are different according to manufacturer and equipment, change quite big.Also must have several different adapters so have the user of several such equipment.Using their equipment during this period of time if the user plans to travel away from home and wishes, they will have to going up their all chargers.
These adapters and charger usually require the user that a little connector is inserted equipment or support is put in the accurate calibration of equipment, and this brings inconvenience.If the user fails their equipment inserted or puts in the charger and equipment has been used up electricity, it is utterly useless that this equipment will become, and locally be stored in the significant data in the equipment even may lose.
In addition, most adapter and charger have to insert in the supply socket, so if several adapter and charger use together, they will take the space of socket bar, and cause the in disorder and tied up in knots confusedly of electric wire.
Except the problems referred to above that the conventional method that equipment is charged is again brought, also there is the problem of many reality in the equipment with open electric contact.For example, owing to may corrode the contact or make contact short, equipment can not be used for moist environment, and owing to may produce electric spark, equipment can not be used for the fuel gas environment.
The charger of usability inductive charging does not need to have open electric contact, therefore makes adapter and equipment can seal and be used for moist environment (electric toothbrush for example above-mentioned is designed to the bathroom).Yet this charger still faces all above-mentioned other problems.For example, equipment still needs accurately to be placed in the charger, makes equipment and charger be in predetermined relative positions (referring to Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b).Adapter still only is designed to be exclusively used in the equipment of certain structure and type, and still only can charge to an equipment at every turn.As a result, the user still needs to have and manages a plurality of different adapters.
Have universal charger (for example Maha MH-C777+ universal charger) equally, make the battery pack of difformity and characteristic to take off in the slave unit, and use same equipment to charge.Though these universal chargers have been eliminated the necessity that has the different chargers that are used for distinct device, but they have produced to the user even bigger inconvenience, this is because battery pack at first needs to be removed, need then charger is adjusted, and battery pack need accurately be put into charger or relative charger is placed.In addition, must spended time determine charger a pair of correct battery pack hard contact that must use.
From US 3,938,018 " induction type charging system (Induction charging system) " recognizes, it provides a kind of contactless battery charging device, by means of this device, when the dimple equipment put on the primary side, the induction coil of primary side can be aimed at the horizontal induction coil on the secondary end equipment.This dimple has been guaranteed the necessary calibration comparatively accurately of this design, thereby has guaranteed coupling good between primary coil and the secondary coil.
From US 5,959,433 " general inductive battery charger system (UniversalInductive Battery Charger System) " recognize that also it provides a kind of contactless battery charging system.Described battery charger comprises a single charge coil that produces the magnetic line of force, and this magnetic line of force will generate electric current in the battery pack that may belong to cell phone or laptop computer.
From US 4,873,677 " charging device of electronic equipment (Charging Apparatus foran Electronic Device) " recognize that also it provides a kind of device that is used for the electronic equipment charging, and this device comprises a pair of coil.This is designed to anti-phase work to coil, makes the magnetic line of force be coupled to another coil from a coil.Electronic equipment such as wrist-watch can be placed on these two coils to receive electric energy.
From US 5,952,814 " inductive charging device and electronic equipment (Inductioncharging apparatus and an electronic device) " also recognize, it provides a kind of inductive charging device that chargeable battery is charged of being used for.The shell shape of this electronic equipment and the interior shape of charger coupling, thus make primary coil and secondary coil accurately aim at.
From US 6,208,115 " substituting battery pack (Battery substitute pack) " recognize that also it provides a kind of alternative battery pack of carrying out induction charging.
" be used to respond to the equipment (Device forInductively Transmitting Electrical Power) that transmits electric energy " from WO 00/61400 and recognize that it provides a kind of method that electric energy inductively is transferred to conveyer.
Recognize that from WO 95/11545 " inductive power obtains coil (Inductive power pick-upcoils) " it provides a kind of system that is used for inductively providing for electric vehicle from a series of built-in flat primary coil electric energy.
In order to overcome the limitation of the axially aligned inductive power transfer system of requirement second unit and primary device, have the people and can propose a conspicuous solution, promptly use a simple induction electric energy transfer system, can in big zone, launch electromagnetic field (a) referring to Fig. 2 by this system primary device.The user can be placed on one or more equipment to be charged in the scope of primary device simply, and does not require they accurate placements.For example, this primary device can comprise a coil around big zone.When the electric current flowing through coil, produced the electromagnetic field that extends in big regional extent, equipment can be placed on any position in this zone.Though feasible on this theoretical method, it has a lot of defectives.At first, the intensity of electromagnetic emission is controlled by adjustable range.This means that this method only supports the electric energy transfer of finite rate.In addition, many objects may be subjected to the influence of the existence of high-intensity magnetic field.For example, the data that are stored on the credit card may be destroyed, and metal interior of articles will respond to the generation vortex flow, thereby produce undesirable heats.In addition, if comprise that (with staggered relatively such as the metal shell of copper coin in the printed circuit board (PCB) or battery, coupling may reduce conventional coil significantly referring to Fig. 2 second unit a).
For fear of producing big magnetic field, have the people and advise using coil array, have only required coil be activated (referring to Fig. 3) by this coil array.Be described in this method paper that is entitled as " coil shape in the desk-top contactless electric power station system (Coil Shape in Desk-type Contactless Power StationSyetem) " that deliver November 29 calendar year 2001 on Japanese 50 IEEE Magnetics Society IEEE periodical.In an embodiment of multi-thread circle principle, sensing mechanism detects the relative position of second unit with respect to primary device.Then, control system activates respective coil and with locate mode electric energy is sent to second unit.Though this method provides the solution of problem listed before a kind of, implements not only complexity but also costliness.The degree that primary field can be positioned is subjected to the coil number quantitative limitation, therefore also is subjected to the restriction (" decomposition " of primary device just) of the quantity of employed drive circuit.The cost of multi-thread circle system will limit the commerce of this principle greatly and use.Field distribution is inhomogeneous also to be a defective.When all coils in the primary device all was activated, they were equivalent to a big coil altogether, and its Distribution of Magnetic Field is shown as minimum at the center of coil.
Another program is at US 5,519, summarized among 262 " near field couple electrical energy system (the Near Field PowerCoupling System) ", wherein primary device has the narrow induction coils arranged from the end to end of flat in a large number (or capacitor board) alternatively, produce and carry out the driven vertical field in the mode of phase shift in a large number, and make the motion sine wave move onboard.Receiving equipment is furnished with two vertical field receiving systems, no matter makes where this receiving equipment is positioned at go the plate, and it can collect electric energy from least one receiving system.Though this scheme also provides mobile freedom to equipment, it have some shortcomings be to need a complexity second unit, have a fixing decomposition and since return magnetic flux path be coupled by air relatively poor.
Prior art solutions all solves all problems of having described unsatisfactorily.If can obtain an energy with following all features to portable set transfer electrical energy and the solution that can implement with the cost of calculating, will be very gratifying:
Versatility: single primary device, it can provide electric power for the different second units with different electric energy requirements, thereby has eliminated a plurality of different adapters and the necessity of charger;
Convenience: single primary device, its allows second unit to be placed on any position in effective nearby sphere, second unit is inserted or relative adapter or the charger necessity of placing accurately thereby eliminated;
Multi-load: single primary device, it can provide electric power for a plurality of different second unit with different electric energy requirements simultaneously.
Be used for the flexibility of varying environment: single primary device, it can provide electric power for second unit, and do not require and directly electrically contact, thereby allow that second unit and primary device self can be used for moist, that contain gas, cleaning with other abnormal environment;
Low electromagnetic emission: single primary device, it can be reduced to minimum mode with the intensity in the magnetic field that produces and size and transmit electric energy.
Can understand in addition, the honest volume production of portable set is given birth to, and they all need battery to provide electric energy to them.After using up, primary cell or its battery pack must handle this not only costliness but also contaminated environment.And storage battery or batteries can charge and reuse.
Many portable sets have the container such as the battery of AA, AAA, C, D and PP3 of filling sufficient industry standard size and voltage.This makes the user can freely select whether to use the battery of primary cell or storage battery and different type.In case use up, must will take off and be placed in the independent charging device in the storage battery slave unit usually.Perhaps, some portable sets have built-in charging circuit, allow battery to charge on the spot when equipment inserts external power source.
For the user, must be taking off in the battery slave unit to charge or equipment to be inserted external power source come the original place to charge, this all is inconvenient.Preferably can charge to battery, and needn't carry out above-mentioned any operation by certain noncontact mode.
Some portable sets can receive electric energy from charger in the mode of induction coupling, for example the Plak Control toothbrush of Braun Oral B.This portable set have usually a customization, be built in the special-purpose electric energy receiver module in the equipment, this module link to each other with an internal standard battery or battery pack then (but this battery yes or no is removable).
Yet, if the user can convert any portable set of accepting the industrial standard battery size to inductive charging equipment by inductive charging battery or battery pack are installed simply, this will be very easily, wherein, can charge to inductive charging battery or battery pack by equipment is placed on the inductive charging device.
The example of prior art also comprises US 6,208,115, and it has disclosed a kind of alternative battery pack that can inductive charging.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of primary device of in electric energy transmission system, using, its charging surface be formed and be arranged so that the second unit that separates with described primary device can be placed on the charging zone of described charging surface or the active configuration near the charging zone of described charging surface in, to receive electric energy from described primary device, and not needing the direct electric connection between described primary device and the described second unit to touch, described primary device comprises: AC power supplies; And be electrically connected to the device that described AC power supplies is used to generate an electromagnetic field, the described device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field has the conducting piece of a plurality of coplanes, be arranged on the effective coverage described charging surface place or under, described a plurality of conducting piece is parallel to each other to stride across described effective coverage, be used to produce the electromagnetic field that strides across described charging area distribution, wherein, described conducting piece space each other is enough little, make described second unit when being in its described active configuration and two or more described conducting pieces overlapping, the corresponding transient current of all conducting pieces in the described effective coverage of flowing through simultaneously has identical general direction.
But also providing a kind of, the present invention do not need direct electric connection to touch the just system of electric energy transmitting, comprise: charging surface, be formed and be arranged so that second unit can be placed on described charging zone or the active configuration near described charging zone in; According to each described primary device in the aforesaid right requirement; And second unit, be arranged with described primary device branch, and comprise at least one conductor, when described second unit is in its described active configuration, the described electromagnetic field that generates by the described device that is used for generating an electromagnetic field and described at least one conductor coupling and to induce electric current mobile at described conductor.
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of and be used for shifting (transfer, transmission) electric energy and do not require the system that direct electric connection touches, this system comprises:
I) primary device, it comprises it being laminar charging surface and at least one device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field basically, this device in charging surface or the presumptive area that is parallel to charging surface carry out Two dimensional Distribution, with limit at least one basically with the charging zone of the common charging surface that extends of presumptive area, this charging zone has certain width and certain-length on charging surface, wherein, this device disposes by this way: when a scheduled current is sent in this device and primary device during by effective electromagnetic isolation, the electromagnetic field that is produced by this device has such electromagnetic field lines, when promptly any 1/4th length in the measured charging zone of a direction that is parallel to electromagnetic field lines partly go up electromagnetic field lines are averaged, this electromagnetic field lines is near angle at 45 with it, the place of charging surface or littler angle, and above charging surface with Two dimensional Distribution; And wherein, be basically perpendicular to width or the length of this measured height of devices of charging zone less than the charging zone; And
Ii) at least one second unit, it comprises at least one electric lead; Wherein, when at least one primary device is placed on the charging zone of primary device or places near the charging zone, at least one lead coupling of electromagnetic field lines and at least one second unit, and induction to produce electric current mobile therein.
According to a second aspect of the invention, providing a kind of is used for transfer electrical energy and does not require the primary device that direct electric connection touches, this primary device comprises it being laminar charging surface and at least one device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field basically, this device in charging surface or the presumptive area that is parallel to charging surface carry out Two dimensional Distribution, with limit at least one basically with the charging zone of the common charging surface that extends of presumptive area, this charging zone has certain width and certain-length on charging surface, wherein, this device disposes by this way: when a scheduled current is sent in this device and primary device during by effective electromagnetic isolation, the electromagnetic field that is produced by this device has such electromagnetic field lines, when promptly any 1/4th length in the charging zone of an orientation measurement that is parallel to field wire partly go up electromagnetic field lines are averaged, this electromagnetic field lines is near angle at 45 with it, the place of charging surface or littler angle, and above charging surface with Two dimensional Distribution; And wherein, be basically perpendicular to width or the length of this measured height of devices of charging zone less than the charging zone.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, provide a kind of in non-conductive mode from the method for primary device to the second unit transfer electrical energy, this primary device comprises it being laminar charging surface and at least one device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field basically, this device in charging surface or the presumptive area that is parallel to charging surface carry out Two dimensional Distribution, with limit at least one basically with the charging zone of the common charging surface that extends of presumptive area, this charging zone has certain width and certain-length on charging surface, be basically perpendicular to width or the length of this measured height of devices of charging zone less than the charging zone, and second unit has at least one electric lead; Wherein:
I) has electromagnetic field lines when device being passed to scheduled current produces and carrying out measured electromagnetic field during by effective electromagnetic isolation when primary device, when any 1/4th length in the charging zone of an orientation measurement that is parallel to field wire partly go up electromagnetic field lines are averaged, this electromagnetic field lines is near angle at 45 with it, the place of charging surface or littler angle, and when above the charging zone, being averaged above at least one charging zone with Two dimensional Distribution; And
Ii) when the lead of second unit is placed on that the charging zone is gone up or places near the charging zone, electromagnetic field and its coupling.
According to a forth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of second unit that uses with system, device or the method for first, second or the third aspect.This second unit comprises at least one electric lead and has is laminar form factor basically.
In the application's context, word " laminar " has defined the geometric figure of thin slice or thin sheet form.Thin slice or thin plate can be flat basically, maybe can be crooked.
Primary device can comprise the power supply that at least one device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field is used, perhaps can be provided with connector or similar device, makes this at least one device can be connected to external power source.
In certain embodiments, the height of devices that is used to generate an electromagnetic field is no more than half or half of length of the width in (only for) charging zone; In certain embodiments, this height can be only be 1/5 of 1/5 or length of the width in charging zone.
At least one electric lead in the second unit can twine around the magnetic core that is used to assemble the magnetic line of force that flows to.Specifically, this magnetic core (if being provided with) can provide a path to the magnetic line of force impedance minimum of the electromagnetic field of primary device generation.This magnetic core can be the amorphous permeability magnetic material.In certain embodiments, need not to use amorphous magnetic core.
If be provided with amorphous magnetic core, then this amorphous magnetic material preferably is in unannealed state or is the state of casting basically.This material can be at least 70% unannealed, or preferably at least 90% unannealed.This is because annealing often makes amorphous magnetic material be easy to fragmentation, and this is for being disadvantageous in the equipment that is included in such as mobile phone, and for instance, mobile phone may be subjected to violent bump owing to accidental falling.In a particularly preferred embodiment, amorphous magnetic material has the form of flexible band, and it can comprise one or more layers one or more identical or different amorphous magnetic materials.Suitable material comprises the alloy that may comprise iron, boron and silicon or other suitable material.This alloy is melted, and cools off (" quenching ") then fast and has little time crystallization when it is solidified, thereby make alloy be in glass noncrystalline state.Suitable material comprises Metglas And similar material.Permalloy or permeability alloys etc. also can be used.
If be provided with magnetic core, the magnetic core in the second unit is preferably high magnetic conductivity magnetic core so.The relative permeability of this magnetic core preferably 100 better is at least 500, and it is especially favourable preferably to be at least 1000, at least 10,000 or 100,000 magnitude.
At least one device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field can be a coil, for example has the form of the electric wire or the printing batten of certain-length, maybe can have the form of the conductive plate of appropriate configuration, and maybe this device also can comprise any suitable conductor arrangement.Though other electric conducting material generally is a metal, can suitably use, best material is a copper.Should be understood that the term here " coil " intention comprises the electric lead of any suitable formation circuit, thereby electric current can flow and generates an electromagnetic field by this circuit.Particularly, " coil " needn't center on windings such as magnetic core or bobbin, but can be simple or complicated loop or structure of equal value.
Preferably, the charging of primary device zone is enough big, in order to hold the lead and/or the magnetic core of second unit along a plurality of orientation.In a special preferred embodiment, the charging zone is enough big, can hold the lead and/or the magnetic core of second unit along any orientation.In this way, can realize the electric energy transfer from the primary device to the second unit, and needn't be on the charging surface that second unit is placed on primary device the time, aim at the lead and/or the magnetic core of second unit along any specific direction.
The basic of primary device maybe can be crooked for laminar charging surface can be flat basically, or is designed to be fit to predetermined space, such as the fascia glove compartment etc.Especially preferredly be that the device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field does not protrude or is projected into outside the charging surface from charging surface.
A key character of the device that is used for generating an electromagnetic field in primary device is, be in effective magnetic isolation (just by the device generation and in primary device, when do not have second unit to be present on the charging surface or near charging surface) time measured electromagnetic field lines, at least one the charging zone on Two dimensional Distribution, regional (for example near charging, height or width less than charging zone) angle at 45, place or littler angle with it, and be averaged on partly in any 1/4th length in the charging zone of the orientation measurement that is parallel to field wire usually.The measurement that is in the field wire of this relation should be understood to be in the measurement of the field wire when being averaged on 1/4th length in charging zone, rather than moment point measurement.In certain embodiments, field wire becomes 30 ° of angles or littler angle.In certain embodiments, field wire is arranged essentially parallel at least one core in indication charging zone.This is opposite fully with prior art system.In prior art system, field wire is often vertical substantially with a surface of primary device.By producing more or less parallel or having at least one effectively to decompose component and the parallel electromagnetic field in charging zone with the charging zone, might control and generation angle variation in the plane in charging zone or in the parallel with it face the field, this angle changes any static zero-signal (stationary null) that helps avoid in the electromagnetic field, otherwise this static zero-signal will reduce the charge efficiency of the particular orientation of the second unit on the charging surface.The direction of field wire can be rotated towards one or two direction by a full circle or semicircle.Perhaps, " shake " or fluctuation can take place in this magnetic direction, or can change between one or more directions.In more complicated structure, the direction of field wire can change with Lissajous figure etc.
In certain embodiments, on any specific charging zone, field wire can be parallel to each other basically, or at least in charging zone or be parallel in the plane in charging zone and have the decomposition component, and how specific these charging zones moment in office parallel to each other substantially.
Should be appreciated that a device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field can be used as a more than charging zone provides electromagnetic field; It should be understood that also a more than device only can be used as a charging zone electromagnetic field is provided.In other words, be used to the device that generates an electromagnetic field and the zone correspondence one by one of charging.
Second unit can adopt flat basically form factor, and magnetic core thickness is 2mm or littler.Use a kind ofly might make magnetic core thickness be reduced to 1mm or littler, to be used for all important use very of size and weight such as the such material of one or more amorphous metal plates.Referring to Fig. 7 a.
In a preferred embodiment, primary device can comprise a pair of lead with adjacent coplane winding, this lead has the linear segment of mutual substantially parallel layout, in order to produce basic uniform electric magnetic field, this electromagnetic field is parallel to the winding plane usually and extends, or with angle at 45, the plane of winding or littler angle, but meet at right angles with parallel portion basically.
Winding in this embodiment can be configured to be generally spiral shape, comprises a series of wire turns with substantially parallel straight portion.
Advantageously, primary device can comprise first pair and second pair of lead, and these two pairs of leads are placed in the substantially parallel plane, and the substantially parallel linear segment of first pair of lead usually with the substantially parallel linear segment of the second pair of lead layout that meets at right angles; Primary device also comprises drive circuit, and this drive circuit is arranged synthetic a kind of like this mode to be rotated in the plane that is created in the plane that is basically parallel to winding to drive this two pairs of leads.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of system that is used for contactless mode transfer electrical energy, this system comprises:
Primary device, it is made up of at least one electric coil, wherein the characteristics of each coil are to have at least one effective coverage (active area), two or more leads are so that second unit might placed this mode near the position of the part of this effective coverage and be distributed in substantially in this zone, and the clean immediate current that flows along a specific direction in this effective coverage is non-vanishing basically;
At least one second unit, it comprises that so that this second unit might be placed on the lead that twines around the high permeability magnetic core near this mode in the zone on the surface of primary device, clean immediate current is non-vanishing basically in this zone;
Thus, when the central shaft of winding near the effective coverage of primary device, basically be not orthogonal to primary device the effective coverage the plane and when being not parallel to lead in the effective coverage of at least one coil of primary device basically, at least one second unit can receive electric energy by electromagnetic induction.
Comprise the place of an inductive charging battery pack or battery at second unit, this battery pack or battery can have a main shaft, and the alternate fields that can flow by the main shaft along battery pack or battery charges, and this battery pack or battery comprise:
With the battery pack of industrial standard or the approximate shell and the external electric jockey of size of battery
Energy storing device
Optional magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus
The electric energy receiving system
The electric energy that is received converted to be adapted to pass through the device that the external electric jockey is sent to the form of outside batteries, or to the device of energy storing device charging, or the device that all has of two functions.
Proposed invention is different from the design of traditional induction type electric energy transfer system greatly.The difference of traditional system and the system that is proposed can be by being illustrated referring to their magnetic line of force figures separately best.(referring to Fig. 2 a and Fig. 4)
Traditional system: (referring to Fig. 2 a), the primary coil of a planar shaped is arranged usually, this coil produces a magnetic field, and the magnetic line of force in this magnetic field comes out from coil plane in vertical mode in traditional system.Second unit has usually around the circle or the square coil of these some or all of magnetic lines of force.
The system that is proposed: in the system that is proposed, advance (referring to Fig. 4) along the surface level on coil plane basically in magnetic field, rather than directly come out from the coil plane shown in Fig. 2 a.Therefore, second unit can have the lengthening winding that twines around magnetic core.Referring to Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b.When second unit is positioned on the primary device, the magnetic line of force will be attracted the magnetic core that strides across second unit and advance, and this is because it is the path of magnetic resistance minimum.This makes that second unit and primary device are coupled effectively.The magnetic core of second unit and winding can flatten basically and form extremely thin parts.
In describing the present invention, will adopt specific term for clearly visible.Yet this is not intended that the invention be limited to selected particular term, it should be understood that each particular term comprises all operate in a similar manner and reach the technology synonym of similar purpose.
Should be appreciated that, the zone of at least one device (for example one or more leads that exist with coil form) that the term that uses in the present patent application " charging zone " can refer to be used to produce, or unite the zone that forms by primary wires, in this zone, the second unit magnetic line of force that can be coupled effectively.Some embodiment about the zone of charging illustrate as parts 740 in Fig. 6 a～6l and Fig. 9 c.A feature of " charging zone " is that lead distributes on the effective coverage of primary device, so constructs and the device that makes at least one be used to produce might be driven and obtain the clean magnetic line of force of moment that flows towards a direction.Primary device can have a more than charging zone.In the magnetic line of force can not be by any rotation of second unit at boundary (those shown in Fig. 7 a) when effectively being coupled, a charging zone is different from another charging zone.
Should be appreciated that the term that uses in this patent " coil " refers to that all are with the conductor structure of aforesaid charging zone as feature.This comprises the plane shown in electric wire winding or printed traces or Fig. 8 e.Lead can be by copper, gold, alloy or any other suitable material.
The application has mentioned the rotation of second unit in several places.What should illustrate here is that if second unit is rotated, then mentioned rotating shaft is vertical with the plane in charging zone.
The radical change of this design has overcome at least one defective of legacy system.The benefit of proposed invention comprises:
Do not need accurate aligning: second unit can be placed on any position on the charging zone of primary device;
Coupling is even: in proposed invention, the being coupling in charging zone between primary device and the second unit is upward compared more even with traditional primary coil with secondary coil.Traditional big coil system (referring to Fig. 2 a) in, the central authorities of the coil of field intensity in coil plane drop to minimum (referring to Fig. 2 b).This means that minimum field strength must be higher than a certain threshold value so if enough electric energy can be shifted effectively at middle position.Maximum field strength will be much higher than desired threshold value so, and this may cause unwanted results.
Versatility: a plurality of different second units, even those have the equipment of different capacity requirement can be placed in the charging zone on the charging surface of primary device and receive electric energy simultaneously.
Coupling coefficient improves: the optional high permeability magnetic material in the second unit has increased the magnetic flux that induction produces greatly by a low reluctance path is provided.This can greatly increase electric energy transfer.
Be suitable for the ideal form factor of second unit: the geometry of native system allows to use laminar magnetic material (for example amorphous metal band).This means that second unit can have laminar form factor, make it be suitable for being contained in the rear portion of mobile phone and other electronic equipment.If the central authorities in conventional coil use magnetic material, might increase the volume of second unit.
Leak minimum: when one or more second units are present in the charging zone of primary device, might use magnetic material by this way, promptly make the magnetic circuit that surpasses half be low magnetoresistance material (referring to Fig. 4 d).This means that (magneto-motive force mmf) will have the more magnetic line of force to flow into for specific magnetomotive force.Because induced voltage is proportional with the rate of change of the magnetic flux that is coupled, this will make the electric energy of transferring to second unit increase.Air gap in the magnetic circuit more less and short more, the edge few more, then the magnetic line of force is near more from the surface of primary device, so leak also minimum.
Cost-effective: different with multi-thread circle design, more simple control system of solution requirement of the present invention and less components.
Freely pivoting of second unit: if second unit is laminar or alternatively or even cylindric (referring to Figure 10), can construct it like this, make its keep good coupling with the magnetic line of force, and no matter whether it is rotated around major axis.If second unit is a battery cell that is installed in another equipment, when pivoting of second unit may be difficult to control, this is an advantage especially.
Magnetic core in the second unit can be set to be positioned near other parallel metal plane of this equipment or equipment near, for example be positioned at copper printed circuit board (PCB) or aluminium lid near.In this case, the performance of embodiments of the invention is better than the performance of tradition around the coil of core winding greatly, this is because if the legacy equipment coil surface is placed to metal flat, and the field wire that passes the legacy equipment coil will suffer the magnetic line of force to repel (because the magnetic line of force must be propagated perpendicular to coil plane).Because in an embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic line of force is propagated along the plane of magnetic core, therefore also is to propagate along metal flat, makes performance be improved.An additional benefit is, the magnetic core in the second unit of embodiments of the invention can be used as the shielding between the electromagnetic field that electromagnetic field that primary device produces and any element on the magnetic core opposite side (for example circuit and battery cell) produce.
Because the permeability of the magnetic core of the second unit of embodiments of the invention is higher than the permeability of air, so it is used for assembling the magnetic line of force, can catch the more magnetic line of force like this, the air the cross section of equal value otherwise magnetic line of force will be flowed through.The size of magnetic core " form factor " (magnetic line of force capture range of equal value) is defined as first approximation by the longest planar dimension of magnetic core.So, if the planar dimension of the magnetic core of the second unit of embodiments of the invention has non-square length-width ratio significantly, for example length-width ratio is 4: 1 a rectangle, rather than length-width ratio is 1: 1 square, and it will be caught more edge in proportion and be parallel to any magnetic line of force that the direction of long planar dimension is propagated.Therefore, if magnetic core is used to have the equipment (for example, such as the thin equipment of the length of earphone or pen) of limited plane shape ratio, compare with the performance of the conventional coil of same area, its performance will improve greatly.
Primary device is made of following parts usually.(referring to Fig. 5)
Power supply: this power supply converts supply voltage to the direct current of low voltage.This is traditional transformer or switch mode power normally;
Control device: if the inductance of a device that is used to produce changes with the existence of second unit, control device plays the function of holding circuit resonance so.In order to make this function become possibility, control device can be coupled with the sensing device that the circuital current state is fed back.It also can be coupled with the capacitor storehouse that can insert on demand or disconnect.If be used to produce the more than drive circuit of matching requirements of field, this control device also can be adjusted the parameters such as on/off number of times such as phase difference or different driving circuit so, to reach desired result.Also may design and in certain inductance range, working, thereby no longer need top control system the Q (qualityfactor, quality factor) of system;
Drive circuit: the control of the controlled device of this drive circuit, and the electric current that driving changes is by being used to produce the device of field or parts of device.Can there be a more than drive circuit in quantity according to individual components in the device;
The device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field: this device uses the electromagnetic field that produces reservation shape and intensity from the electric current of drive circuit supply.The concrete structure of this device defines the shape and the intensity of the field that is produced.This device can comprise the magnetic material as magnetic conductance, also comprises one or more independently driver parts (winding), forms the charging zone together.The various embodiments design all is possible, and its example is shown in Figure 6.
Sensing device: the retrieval of this sensing device also sends relevant data and analyzes being used for to control device.
Second unit is made of following parts usually, shown in Fig. 5.
Magnetic device: this magnetic device is the power conversion telegram in reply energy in the magnetic field that is stored in the primary device generation.This realizes by means of the winding that twines around a high permeability magnetic core usually.The full-size of magnetic core is consistent with the central shaft of winding usually.
Conversion equipment: this conversion equipment converts the fluctuating current that receives from magnetic device to the useful form of equipment that it is coupled.For example, conversion equipment can convert fluctuating current to unjustified direct current by means of full wave bridge rectifier and filtering capacitor.In other cases, change-over circuit can be coupled with heating element or battery charger.Usually it is in parallel with magnetic device or be connected in series also to have capacitor, works in the resonant circuit of the frequency of operation of primary device with formation.
In typical operation, one or more second units are placed on the charging surface of primary device.The magnetic line of force magnetic core of second unit of at least one lead and/or existence of flowing through, and generate electric current.According to the structure of a device that is used in the primary device to produce, the positioning of rotating of second unit can influence the quantity of the magnetic line of force of coupling.
Primary device
Primary device can many different forms exist, for example:
Can be placed on flattened land or backing plate on desk and other smooth surface;
Be built in the furniture such as desk, desk, sales counter, chair, bookshelf etc., make primary device invisible;
The part of container is such as chest on drawer, chest, the fascia and the container that is used for electric tool;
Can adhere on the wall and the flattened land or the backing plate that vertically use.
Primary device can be provided with electric energy from different power supplys, for example:
The AC power supplies baseplug
Vehicle ignition device socket
Battery
Fuel cell
Solar panel
Manpower (human power)
Primary device can be enough little, makes that only a second unit is contained on the interior charging surface in single charging zone, or can be enough big, and to hold a plurality of second units simultaneously, they often are housed in different charging zones.
A device that is used in the primary device to produce can be driven with supply frequency (50Hz or 60Hz) or a certain higher frequency.
The sensing device of primary device can detect quantity even other existence that is not the magnetic material of a second unit part of the second unit of the existence of second unit, existence.This detection information can be used to control the electric current of the field generation device that is sent to primary device.
Primary device and/or second unit basically waterproof or blastproof.
Primary device and/or second unit can be sealed by the standard such as IP66.
Primary device (for example can comprise visual indicating device, but be not limited to, such as light-emitting diode, electrophosphorescent display, luminous polymeric luminaire, or such as the light reflecting device of LCD or MIT electronic paper) with quantity or above-mentioned any combination of the second unit that exists or exist of the current state of indication primary device, second unit.
The device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field
The field generation device of mentioning among the application comprises the lead of all structures, wherein:
Lead be distributed in basically in the plane and;
Have the essence zone (substantial area) on plane, have the clean immediate current of non-zero in this zone.Given correct orientation, second unit will be coupled effectively on these zones and receive electric energy.(referring to Fig. 6)
Lead can generate an electromagnetic field, in electromagnetic field, and the essence on field wire and plane angle at 45, zone or littler angle, or substantially parallel with the essence zone on plane.
Fig. 6 shows some possible structures of this primary wires.Though most structure is actually coil windings, should be realized that same effect (referring to Fig. 6 e) also can be obtained in the lead plane that is not considered to coil usually.These accompanying drawings are some typical examples, but not exhaustive.These leads or coil can be used in combination, and turn to and can effectively be coupled along all when making second unit on the charging zone of primary device.
Magnetic material
Might in primary device, use the magnetic material to strengthen the property.
Magnetic material can be positioned over one or more charging zones or whole charging surfaces below, make below conductor, also to exist a low reluctance path to make the magnetic line of force finish its path.In theory, magnetic circuit and circuit are similar.(mmf) is similar for voltage and magnetomotive force, and resistance and magnetic resistance are similar, and electric current and the magnetic line of force (magnetic flux) are similar.
From this point as can be seen, for a given mmf, if the magnetic resistance in path reduces, the magnetic line of force flows will be increased.By magnetic material is arranged on charging zone below, the magnetic resistance of magnetic circuit is reduced in essence.In fact this increased the magnetic flux that second unit was coupled, and finally increased the electric energy that is shifted.Fig. 4 d shows and is positioned over the following plate of magnetic material in charging zone and the magnetic circuit of generation.
Magnetic material also can be positioned over charging surface and/or charging zone above, and second unit below, with as magnetic conductance.This magnetic conductance is implemented two kinds of functions: at first, thereby the magnetic resistance of whole magnetic circuit further reduces to allow the more magnetic line of force to flow.Secondly, it provides a low reluctance path along the upper surface in charging zone, so the magnetic line of force will flow through these magnetic conductances rather than the air of flowing through.So this has produced the field has been controlled near the charging surface of primary device effect, rather than it is included in the air.Can be strategically or choose the magnetic material that is used for magnetic conductance wittingly, so that the magnetic core of second unit (if being provided with) has different magnetic properties.For example, can choose a kind of than low permeability with than the material of high saturation magnetization.High saturation magnetization means that this material can transmit more magnetic flux, and means that than low permeability a large amount of magnetic lines of force will be selected by second unit rather than magnetic conductance when second unit nearby the time.(referring to Fig. 8)
In the structure of the field of some primary device generation device, can have the lead that does not constitute a charging zone part, for example be designated as 745 parts among Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b.In this case, may wish to use magnetic material to shield the influence of these leads.
Some operable examples of material including, but not limited to: (metallic glass alloys is such as MetGlas for non-crystallizable metal TM), wire mesh, steel, FERRITE CORE, permeability alloys and the permalloy made by magnetic material.
Second unit
Second unit can have different shapes and form.Usually, in order to carry out magnetic line of force coupling better, the central shaft of lead (for example, coil windings) should be not orthogonal to the charging zone basically.
The shape that primary device can have a flat winding (referring to Fig. 7 a).Inner magnetic core can be by constituting such as the such plate of magnetic material of amorphous metal.This geometry makes second unit can pack into such as the rear portion of the electronic equipment of mobile phone, personal digital assistant and kneetop computer, and can not give the volume of increase equipment.
Second unit can have the shape of elongated cylinder.Can be tied with lead (referring to Fig. 7 b) around the elongated cylinder magnetic core.
Second unit can be the object that is enclosed with magnetic material around.Example be a kind of standard size (AA, AAA, C, D) or other size/shape (for example for application-specific special-purpose/customization) have the magnetic material that for example is wrapped in cylinder circumference and the rechargeable battery Battery pack that twines cylindrical winding.
Second unit can be the combination of top two or more.Above embodiment in addition can with traditional coil combination.
Below non-exhaustive tabulation for example understand can with second unit coupling some examples with the object that receives electric energy.May be not limited to object described below:
Mobile communication equipment, for example broadcast receiver, mobile phone or intercom;
Portable computing device, for example personal digital assistant or palmtop computer or laptop computer;
Portable entertainment device, for example music player, game paddle or toy;
Personal hygiene instrument, for example toothbrush, shaver, curler, curly hair machine;
Portable imaging device, for example video camcorder or camera;
Hold the container that may need the thing that heats, for example coffee cup, plate, pot for cooking rice, nail polish and minaudiere;
Durable facility, for example flashlight, clock and fan;
Electric tool, for example drilling machine of AC/DC and screwdriver;
Radio peripheral apparatus, for example wireless computer mouse, keyboard and earphone;
Timing device, for example clock, wrist-watch, stopwatch and alarm clock;
Be used to insert the battery pack of top any apparatus;
The standard size batteries Battery pack.
Under situation such as the non intelligent second unit of battery cell, may also need some complicated battery charge controllers, be used for measuring the induction electric energy of supplying with battery, and a plurality of batteries in the treatment facility have the situation of different charged states.And " being recharged " situation that can show becomes particularly important concerning primary device, and this is because may be difficult in sight when storage battery or batteries are positioned at other electronic equipment.
Figure 10 shows a kind of possible system that comprises inductive charging battery pack or battery and primary device.(X, Y) plane, and rotate arbitrarily with respect to primary device 910 around the rZ axle also can make battery pack be rotated and continue to receive electric energy along its rA axle except can arbitrarily being placed on battery 920.
When the user inserts portable set to battery, be not easy to guarantee that it has pivoting of any specific.Therefore, embodiments of the invention are to have ceiling advantage, and this is because they can guarantee that battery pack can receive electric energy around rA when arbitrary orientation rotates.
Batteries or battery can comprise the magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus of arranging in many ways:
1. as shown in Figure 11 a, battery 930 can be wrapped in the gathering of the cylindrical shape magnetic line of force and put in 931, is wound with lead loop 932 around this magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus.
A. this cylinder-shaped device is changeable with respect to the length of battery.
2. as shown in Figure 11 b, magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus 931 parts can be arranged on the surface of battery 930, lead loop 932 is wrapped on this magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus part.
What a. this part can be with battery is surperficial consistent, or embeds in the battery.
B. with respect to the periphery of battery, the area of this part is changeable, and changeable with respect to this part of length of battery.
3. as shown in Figure 11 c, the inside of battery 930 can comprise magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus 931 parts, and lead loop 932 is wrapped on this magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus part.
A. this part can be flat, columniform, shaft-like or any other shape basically.
B. the width of this part is changeable with respect to the diameter of battery.
C. the length of this part is changeable with respect to the length of battery.
Under any situation of these situations, magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus can be a funtion part of battery case (for example, outside zinc electrode) or battery itself (for example, internal electrode).
The problem that relates to the charging of storage battery (for example AA rechargeable battery in equipment) comprises:
End voltage may be than normal value height.
Series-connected cell may show unusually, particularly is recharged and situation that other battery is not recharged at some batteries.
Have to enough electric energy are provided so that equipment operation and to battery charge.
If implement quick charge improperly, may damage battery.
Therefore, advantageously provided the induction electric energy that some complicated battery charge controllers are measured supply arrangement and battery.And, can show that " being recharged " state is particularly important for primary device, this is because may be difficult in sight when storage battery or batteries are positioned at electronic equipment.
When battery of Shi Xianing or battery pack are in being installed to another equipment by this way, can charge by this equipment is placed on the primary device, perhaps when battery or battery pack are installed in the outside of equipment, can on directly being placed on the primary device, charge battery or battery pack.
A plurality of battery pack of Shi Xianing can be as in the common equipment by this way (for example end-to-end or side by side) arranges with the battery pack form, makes the single battery group can replace a Battery pack.
Alternatively, second unit can be made of flat " adapter " on the battery pack in the equipment of being contained in, and this flat " adapter " has the thin electrodes that acts on downwards between battery electrode and device contact.
Rotary electromagnetic field
In such as those coils among Fig. 6, Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b, have only usually when winding is placed as the direction that is basically parallel to the net current in the primary wires as shown in arrow 1, second unit could effectively be coupled.In some applications, may need a primary device, it will be effectively gives second unit electric energy transfer and no matter how second unit rotates, and condition is:
The central shaft of secondary wire is not orthogonal to the plane, and;
Second unit next-door neighbour primary device.
It is feasible for this point is become, might have two coils, for example coil places the top of another coil, or a coil is woven in another coil, perhaps be woven together with another coil, any some place that second coil can be in the effective coverage of primary device produces the net current of the direction that is basically perpendicular to first coil.These two coils can alternately be driven, and make each be activated a period of time.Another may be two coils of four/one-period driving of being separated by, thereby planar produces a rotating magnetic dipole.This is shown in Figure 9.This point also is possible for the loop construction of other combining form.
Resonant circuit
Using parallel connection or series resonant circuit drive coil is that this area is behaved known.For example in series resonant circuit, the impedance of coil and capacitor equates when resonance and is opposite, thus the total impedance minimum of circuit, and the electric current maximum of the primary coil of flowing through.Usually also with second unit be tuned to operating frequency so that induced voltage or electric current maximum.
In the such system of some similar electric toothbrushes, such circuit is arranged usually, this circuit is detuned (deturned) when second unit does not exist, and carries out in position the time tuning when second unit.The magnetic material that exists in the second unit changes the self-induction of primary device, and makes circuit generation resonance.In the such system of other similar passive and wireless label (passive radiotag), there is not magnetic material in the second unit, so can not influence the resonance frequency of this system.These labels are very little usually and use away from primary device, thereby even magnetic material exists, the induction of primary device can significantly not change yet.
And in the system that is proposed, situation is really not so:
High permeability magnetic material may reside in the second unit, and next-door neighbour's primary device is used;
One or more second units can be close to primary device simultaneously.
This has produced the effect of the induction of remarkable change primary device, and changes different ranks according to the quantity of the second unit that exists on the backing plate.When the induction of primary device was changed, circuit produced the desired electric capacity of resonance in a characteristic frequency and also changes thereupon.Make circuit keep resonance that three kinds of methods are arranged:
Dynamically change operating frequency by means of control system;
Dynamically change electric capacity by means of control system, so that resonance takes place when preset frequency;
By means of low Q system, this system keeps resonance in inductance range.
The problem that the change operating frequency is brought is that second unit is constructed to usually at a preset frequency generation resonance.If operating frequency changes, second unit will be by off resonance.In order to overcome this problem, can change electric capacity and do not change operating frequency.Second unit can be designed as the optional equipment that makes each place near primary device will make inductance become a quantum rank, and a suitable capacitor inserted so that circuit at a preset frequency generation resonance.Because the change of this resonance frequency, the quantity of the equipment on the charging surface can be detected, and primary device also can feel when thing is arranged near charging surface or away from charging surface.If except a secondary slave, have a magnetic conduction object to be positioned near the charging surface, then unlikely system changed to predetermined quantum rank.In this case, system's off resonance automatically and reduce to flow into the electric current of coil.
Description of drawings
For a better understanding of the present invention, and how effectively hold itself out to be, now will only carry out reference to accompanying drawing by way of example, wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates the magnetic design of the contactless electric energy transfer system of typical prior art, the accurate aligning of this system requirements primary device and second unit;
Fig. 2 a illustrates the magnetic design of the contactless electric energy transfer system of another typical prior art, comprises a big coil in the primary device of this system;
The non homogen field that Fig. 2 b is illustrated in apart from the big coil inside in coil plane 5mm place distributes, and has minimum in central authorities;
Fig. 3 illustrates a kind of multi-thread circle system, thus each coil field of being produced localization by drive wherein;
Fig. 4 a illustrates an embodiment of the system that is proposed, and this embodiment demonstration is substantive different with prior art, does not comprise second unit among the figure;
Fig. 4 b illustrates an embodiment who has the system that is proposed of two second units;
Fig. 4 c illustrates the cross section of the effective coverage of primary device, and the equipotential lines of the magnetic flux density of lead generation;
Fig. 4 d illustrates the magnetic circuit of this specific embodiment of proposed invention;
Fig. 5 illustrates the schematic diagram of the embodiment of primary device and second unit;
Fig. 6 a to Figure 61 illustrates the design of some alternate embodiments of the parts of the field generation device of primary device or generation device;
Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b illustrate some possible designs of the magnetic device of second unit;
Fig. 8 illustrates the effect (thickness of magnetic conductance is clearly visible being exaggerated) of magnetic conductance;
Fig. 8 a illustrates under the situation that does not have magnetic conductance, and the field often spreads in the air directly over the effective coverage;
Fig. 8 b is illustrated in the direction that the interior electric current of lead in this specific embodiment flows;
Fig. 8 c illustrates when magnetic material is placed on the top in charging zone, includes the magnetic line of force in the magnetic conductance;
Fig. 8 d illustrates the second unit that is positioned at the primary device top;
Fig. 8 e illustrates the cross section without any the primary device of second unit;
Fig. 8 f illustrates the cross section that pre-portion has the primary device of second unit, and shows the effect of using the magnetic core with the second unit that is higher than the magnetic conductance permeability;
Fig. 9 a illustrates the certain coil of the clean immediate current with direction indication of using arrow and arranges;
Fig. 9 b illustrates except that being rotated by 90 degrees and the similar coil arrangement of Fig. 9 a;
The charging zone of primary device when Fig. 9 c illustrates on the top that coil as Fig. 9 a is positioned over Fig. 9 b.Four/one-period drives if the coil among the coil among Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b is separated by, and then this illustrates the effect of rotating magnetic dipole;
Figure 10 illustrates the situation that second unit has degree of pivoting;
Figure 11 illustrates the difference of the second unit with degree of pivoting and arranges;
Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b illustrate another embodiment of the coil arrangement type shown in Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b; And
Figure 13 illustrates the simple embodiment of drive unit electronic circuit.
Embodiment
At first with reference to Fig. 1, it shows two examples of the contactless electric energy transfer system of prior art, and these two examples all require the accurate aligning of primary device and second unit.This embodiment is generally used for the charger of electric toothbrush or mobile phone.
Fig. 1 a shows primary magnetic device 100 and secondary magnetic device 200.At the primary magnetic device side, coil 110 is wrapped in such as on the such magnetic core 120 of ferrite.Equally, primary side is made of the coil 210 that twines another magnetic core 220.In operation, alternating current flows to primary coil 110, and produces the magnetic line of force (flux claims magnetic flux again) 1.When secondary magnetic device 200 was so placed and it and primary magnetic device 100 are axially aligned, the magnetic line of force 1 will be coupled to the secondary magnetic device from the primary magnetic device, induces voltage on secondary coil 210.
Fig. 1 b shows a kind of separated type transformer.Primary magnetic device 300 is made of the U-shaped magnetic core 320 that is wound with coil 310.When alternating current flows to primary coil 310, produced the magnetic line of force 1 that changes.Secondary magnetic device 400 is made of the second U-shaped magnetic core 420 that is wound with another coil 410.When secondary magnetic device 400 is placed on the primary magnetic device 300 and makes the arm of two U-shaped magnetic cores in alignment, the magnetic line of force will be coupled in the secondary U-shaped magnetic core 420 effectively, and induce voltage on secondary coil 410.
Fig. 2 a is another embodiment of the induction system of prior art, and this system is generally used for powering to the radio frequency passive label.Primary device constitutes by covering larger area coil 510 usually.When a plurality of second units 520 be in primary coil 510 around the zone in the time, will produce induced voltage in these equipment.This system does not require that secondary coil 520 accurately aims at primary coil 510.Fig. 2 b show be higher than 5mm place, primary coil plane by primary coil 510 around the zone on the value figure of magnetic flux density.It show one heterogeneous, in the central authorities of primary coil 510 minimum value 530 is arranged.
Fig. 3 is another embodiment of the induction system of prior art, has wherein used a multi-thread coil array.Primary magnetic device 600 is made of the coil array that comprises coil 611,612 and 613.Secondary magnetic device 700 can be made of coil 710.When secondary magnetic device 700 during near some coils of primary magnetic devices 600, coil 611 and 612 is activated, and other coil such as 613 is stand-by.The coil 611 that is activated and 612 produces the magnetic line of force, and the part magnetic line of force will be coupled into secondary magnetic device 700.
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of proposed invention.Fig. 4 a shows the primary coil 710 that makes the mode that has clean immediate current in the effective coverage 740 twine or print.For example, primary coil 710 if direct current is flowed through, and the lead in the effective coverage 740 all will have the electric current that flows in the same direction.The electric current of primary coil 710 of flowing through produces the magnetic line of force 1.Magnetic material layer 730 is present in the following to provide return path to the magnetic line of force of charging zone.Fig. 4 b shows the same primary magnetic device shown in Fig. 4 a that has two second units 800.When second unit 800 when correct orientation is positioned on the charging zone 740 of primary magnetic device, will the flow through magnetic core of second unit 800 of the magnetic line of force 1, and the air of not flowing through.Therefore, the flow through magnetic line of force 1 of secondary magnetic core will induce electric current in secondary coil.
Fig. 4 c shows some equipotential liness of the magnetic flux density in the magnetic field that is produced by the lead 711 in the charging zone 740 of primary magnetic device.There is magnetic material layer 730 below the lead, in order to low magnetic resistance return path to be provided to the magnetic line of force.
Fig. 4 d shows the cross section in the charging zone 740 of primary magnetic device.Show a possible path of magnetic circuit.Magnetic material 730 provides a low reluctance path for circuit, and the magnetic core 820 of secondary magnetic equipment 800 also provides a low reluctance path.This has reduced the distance that the magnetic line of force must be advanced by air greatly, thereby minimum is reduced in leakage.
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of embodiment of the whole system of proposed invention.In this embodiment, primary device is made of power supply 760, control device 770, sensing device 780 and calutron 700.Power supply 760 converts supply voltage (or other power supply) to the direct current of the voltage that is suitable for this system.The drive unit 790 of 770 pairs of driving magnetic devices 700 of control device is controlled.In this embodiment, independently driver part coil 1 and coil 2 constitute magnetic device by two.Coil 1 and coil 2 arrange like this, makes lead in the charging zone of coil 1 perpendicular to the lead in the charging zone of coil 2.When primary device was activated, control device made the phase shift that produces 90 degree between the alternating current of flowing through coil 1 and coil 2.This produces a rotating magnetic dipole on the surface of primary magnetic device 700, no matter make how the second unit direction of rotation can both receive electric energy (referring to Fig. 9).Under the standby that does not have second unit to exist, primary device is by off resonance, and the electric current that flows to magnetic device 700 is reduced to minimum.When second unit was positioned over the top in charging zone of primary device, the inductance of primary magnetic device 700 changed.This makes primary circuit generation resonance, and electric current becomes maximum.When having two second units on primary device, inductance is changed to another rank, and primary circuit is by off resonance once more.At this moment, control device 770 uses feedback from sensing device 780 another capacitor place in circuit, make circuit once more by tuning, and electric current becomes maximum.In this embodiment, second unit has standard size, has six standard-sized equipment can receive the electric energy of primary device simultaneously at most.Because the standard size of second unit, because the variation inductance that the variation of contiguous second unit causes is quantized a plurality of predetermined ranks, making only needs maximum six electric capacity just can make system keep the resonance operation.
Fig. 6 a to Figure 61 shows a plurality of different embodiment of the coil component of primary magnetic device.These embodiment can implement as just the coil component of primary magnetic device, and in this case, the rotation of second unit is most important for electric energy transfer.These embodiment also can implement with compound mode, do not get rid of unshowned embodiment here.For example, two coils shown in Fig. 6 a can be placed at 90 degrees to each other, to form single magnetic device.In Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6 e, charging zone 740 is had the lead that net current flows usually in the same direction and is constituted by a series of.In some structure, Fig. 6 c does not for example have substantial coupling when second unit directly is placed on coil central, therefore do not have electric energy transfer.In Fig. 6 d, when second unit is in two gaps of charging between the zone 740, there is not the coupling of essence yet.Fig. 6 f shows a special loop construction of primary device, and this loop construction is suitable for producing the electromagnetic field lines that is basically parallel to the primary device surface in charging zone 740.Be positioned at two of regional 740 both sides elementary windings 710 of charging and form the reverse electromagnetic field of elementary winding 710 generations around the relative arm of the magnetic conductance of making by magnetic material that is generally rectangle 750.Magnetic conductance 750 comprises electromagnetic field, and produces magnetic dipole along the direction of the arrow shown in the figure in charging zone 740.Be positioned over charging along the preset bearing regional 740 the time when second unit, produces a low reluctance path, and the magnetic line of force this second unit of flowing through, and effectively is coupled and electric energy transfer thereby produce.Should be realized that magnetic conductance 750 needs not to be continuous, in fact can form two reverse disconnected horseshoe parts.
Fig. 6 g shows another possible loop construction of primary device, and this loop construction is suitable for producing the electromagnetic field lines of the charging surface that is basically parallel to primary device in charging zone 740.It may be on the magnetic core 750 of ferrite or certain other suitable material that elementary winding 710 is wrapped in.Charging zone 740 comprises a series of leads with the net current that flows in the same direction usually.The loop construction of Fig. 6 g top shown in fact in the accompanying drawings and followingly can both support or determine charging zone 740, and according to the design of primary device, one or two of charging zone can use for second unit.
Fig. 6 h shows the variant of the structure of Fig. 6 g.Be evenly spaced apart differently as the elementary winding 710 among Fig. 6 g, winding 710 is not equably at interval.Can select or design interval shown in this figure and variation, to improve balancing performance or the equilibrium of field intensity rank on the charging zone 740.
Fig. 6 i shows such an embodiment, and wherein the elementary winding 710 of two shown in Fig. 6 g is in mutually orthogonal structure, makes the direction of field wire dynamically to change or rotates to other orientation around the plane of charging surface.
Fig. 6 j and 6k show the extra two coil configuration of primary device, and this structure is not the simple geometric shape with substantially parallel lead.
In Fig. 6 j, lines 710 expression places one of lead of one group of transmission electric current in the plane of charging surface 600.Main traverse line 710 is an arbitrary shape, needs not to be several figures of rule, and in fact, lead (conductor claims conductor again) 710 may have straight line portion and sweep, and self also may intersect.One or more attached leads 719 are arranged in main traverse line 710 next doors, and (in any specific partial points) in parallel usually, for clarity sake only at two attached leads 719 this illustrate.Electric current in the attached lead 719 has identical direction with electric current in the main traverse line 710.Attached lead 719 can serial or parallel connection to form single coil arrangement.
In Fig. 6 k, one group of lead 720 that transmits electric current (for clarity sake only wherein two this illustrate) be arranged in the plane of charging surface 600.The setting of main traverse line 710 is with as Fig. 6 j, each lead 720 so arranged with main traverse line 710 local quadratures.Lead 720 can serial or parallel connection to form single coil arrangement.If first sinusoidal current transmits into lead 710, and second sinusoidal current transmission inlet wire circle 720 that 90 degree phase shifts are arranged with respect to first electric current, so, by relative scale and the symbol that changes these two electric currents, it will be appreciated that the direction of the electromagnetic field vector that the most of somes place on the charging zone 740 produces will be revolved three-sixth turn.
Fig. 6 l shows another optional layout, and in this arrangement, magnetic core 750 has the disc-shape of a through hole for central authorities.First group of lead 710 that transmits electric current with the scroll arrangements in disc surfaces.Second group of lead 720 becomes radially to twine by the central authorities of dish and to periphery with the helix tube form.These leads can drive in such a way, for example utilize the sinusoidal current of quadrature, when second unit is placed on any point in charging zone 740 and is rotated around an axle perpendicular to the charging zone, second unit will can not detect no-voltage like this.
Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b are the embodiment of the second unit that proposed.Winding 810 is wrapped on the magnetic core 820.These two kinds of second units can be combined into single second unit, for example meet at right angles, and make second unit to be coupled with primary device effectively in all rotations.These second units also can combine with the standard coil as the coil as shown in Fig. 2 a 520, in order to dead zone-eliminating.
Fig. 8 shows the effect of the magnetic conductance 750 that is positioned at the regional top of charging.For clarity sake, the thickness of this material is amplified, but in fact it is in the millimeters thick measurement level.Magnetic conductance 750 will make to leak and become minimum, and the quantity of the magnetic line of force by reducing to be coupled to second unit comprises the magnetic line of force.In Fig. 8 a, showing does not have the primary magnetic of magnetic conductance 750 device.The field will spread in the air of charging directly over the zone.As shown in Fig. 8 b to Fig. 8 f, because magnetic conductance 750, the magnetic line of force is comprised in the plane of material, and leakage is minimized.In Fig. 8 e, when not having second unit 800 at the top, the magnetic line of force remains in the magnetic conductor 750.In Fig. 8 f, when having the second unit 800 of a magnetic core that has a permeability higher material, the part magnetic line of force second unit of will flowing through.Can choose the magnetic permeability of magnetic conductance 750 like this, its magnetic permeability is higher than such as the such typical metal of steel.When being positioned over the top such as other such material of steel, it is not the part of second unit, and most of magnetic line of force will remain in the magnetic conductance 750, rather than stride across this object.Magnetic conductance 750 can not be continuous magnetic material layer, but little air gap can be arranged between them, flows to second unit 800 (if second unit 800 exists) to impel the more magnetic line of force.
Fig. 9 shows the embodiment of the primary device of using a more than coil.Fig. 9 a shows coil 710 and charging zone 740, and electric current flows with the direction that is parallel to arrow 2.Fig. 9 b show one with Fig. 9 a in the similar coil that is arranged at an angle of 90 of coil.When these two coils are positioned over top of each other so that charging zone 740 when overlapping, the charging zone will be as shown in Fig. 9 c.This execution mode will allow second unit in rotation and the effectively coupling arbitrarily of the top of primary device.
Figure 10 shows such an embodiment, and in this embodiment, second unit has degree of pivoting, and wherein, this second unit is a battery cell, or inside is embedded with battery cell.In this embodiment, second unit can so be constructed, so that it is when carrying out any axial rotation (rA) with respect to primary device (910) and main magnetic line of force coupling, and have the above-mentioned identical degree of freedom (that is, (X, Y) plane translation and be rotated around (rZ) arbitrarily perpendicular to the primary device plane).
Figure 11 a shows a kind of like this layout, and in this arrangement, rechargeable battery Battery pack 930 is by optional cylindrical shape magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus 931 parcels, and the latter is wound with copper cash 932.This cylinder-shaped device is changeable with respect to the length of battery.
Figure 11 b shows another layout, and in this arrangement, magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus 931 is the part of clad battery 930 only, and is wound with copper cash 932 (but not being that battery is wound with copper cash).This device and copper cash may be with battery surperficial consistent.Their area is peripheral changeable with respect to battery, and its length is changeable with respect to the length of battery.
Figure 11 c shows another layout, and in this arrangement, magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus 931 embeds in the battery 930, and is wound with copper cash 932.This device can be flat, columniform, shaft-like or any other shape basically, and its width is changeable with respect to the diameter of battery, and its length is changeable with respect to the length of battery.
Under any situation shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, these magnetic line of force aggregation apparatus can also be funtion parts (for example, outside zinc electrode) of battery-pack exterior casing, or a funtion part (for example, internal electrode) of battery pack itself.
Under any situation shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, electric energy can be stored in the less standard cell (for example AAA number) that is installed in the bigger standard cell shell (for example AA).
Figure 12 shows an embodiment who is similar to the primary device shown in Fig. 9.Figure 12 a shows the coil of a generation level in the field of page orientation.Figure 12 b illustrates another and produces coil perpendicular to the field of the page, and these two coils are provided with in the mode of basic coplane, may one on another, or even twine mutually in some way.The electric wire that links to each other with each coil illustrates with 940, and the charging zone is by arrow 941 expressions.
Figure 13 shows a simple embodiment of drive unit (Fig. 5 790).In this embodiment, there is not control device.PIC processor 960 produce two 23.8kHz, phase place becomes the square waves of 90 degree.These square waves are amplified by parts 961, and are driven into two coil components 962, and this coil component is identical with the magnetic device shown in Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b.Though drive unit is used to provide square wave, the high resonance " Q " of magnetic device is transformed into sinusoidal waveform to square wave.
Preferred feature of the present invention is applicable to all aspects of the present invention, and can be used for any possible combination.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (39)

1. primary device of in electric energy transmission system, using, its charging surface be formed and be arranged so that the second unit that separates with described primary device can be placed on the charging zone of described charging surface or the active configuration near the charging zone of described charging surface in, to receive electric energy from described primary device, and do not need the direct electric connection between described primary device and the described second unit to touch, described primary device comprises:
AC power supplies; And
Be electrically connected to the device that described AC power supplies is used to generate an electromagnetic field, the device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field has the conducting piece of a plurality of coplanes, be arranged on the effective coverage described charging surface place or under, described a plurality of conducting piece is parallel to each other to stride across described effective coverage, be used to produce the electromagnetic field that passes described charging area distribution, wherein, described conducting piece space each other is enough little, make described second unit when being in its described active configuration and two or more described conducting pieces overlapping, the corresponding transient current of all conducting pieces in the described effective coverage of flowing through simultaneously has identical general direction.
2. primary device according to claim 1, wherein, the described a plurality of conducting pieces in the described effective coverage all are straight.
3. primary device according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the setting that is separated from each other of the described a plurality of conducting pieces in the described effective coverage.
4. primary device according to claim 3, wherein, the space between at least one pair of adjacent conducting piece is different from another to the space between the adjacent conducting piece.
5. according to claim 1,2 or 4 described primary device, wherein, any given time of described the time of field wire on described charging zone is parallel to each other.
6. according to claim 1,2 or 4 described primary device, wherein, described field wire at least on the middle body in described charging zone integral body be parallel to described charging surface.
7. according to claim 1,2 or 4 described primary device, wherein, do not have described second unit not to be placed in the described electromagnetic field in the described charging zone and receive the discontinuous of electric energy.
8. according to claim 1,2 or 4 described primary device, also comprise magnetic core, described conducting piece extends across described magnetic core.
9. according to claim 1,2 or 4 described primary device, wherein, two or more conducting pieces are different pieces of identical coil.
10. primary device according to claim 8, wherein, two or more conducting pieces are different pieces of identical coil, described coil twines described magnetic core.
11. according to claim 1,2,4 or 10 described primary device, wherein, described a plurality of conducting pieces are formed in the conductive trace on the plane.
12. according to claim 1,2,4 or 10 described primary device, has the other conducting piece that is positioned at outside, described effective coverage, described other conducting piece is connected to the described conducting piece in the described effective coverage, described other conducting piece space each other is less than the described conducting piece space each other in the described effective coverage, the sense of current that flows through described other conducting piece is opposite with the sense of current of described conducting piece in flowing through described effective coverage, described primary device also comprises the magnetic material that is arranged on the described other conducting piece, is used to shield the influence of described other conducting piece.
13. primary device according to claim 10, wherein, described magnetic core has first and second interareas respect to one another, the first of described coil extends across described first interarea, to be provided at first such a plurality of conducting pieces in first effective coverage, described first effective coverage is used to generate first electromagnetic field that passes first such charging zone, the second portion of described coil extends across described second interarea, being provided at second such a plurality of conducting pieces in second effective coverage, described second effective coverage is used to generate second electromagnetic field that passes second such charging zone.
14. according to claim 1,2,4 or 10 described primary device, have first so a plurality of conducting pieces and second so a plurality of conducting pieces, described more than first conducting piece extends across first effective coverage at first direction, and described more than second conducting piece extends across second effective coverage in the second direction vertical with described first direction.
15. primary device according to claim 14 has drive unit, is used for described more than first and second conducting pieces of driven.
16. primary device according to claim 15 has drive unit, is used for described more than first and second conducting pieces of quadrature drive.
17. according to claim 1,2,4 or 10 described primary device, wherein, the height that the described device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field is measured on the direction vertical with described effective coverage is not more than half of the regional length of described charging or half of width.
18. primary device according to claim 17, wherein, described height be not more than described charging zone length 1/5 or width 1/5.
19. according to claim 1,2,4 or 10 described primary device, wherein, described charging zone is identical with the scope of described effective coverage.
20. according to claim 1,2,4,10,13,15 or 16 described primary device, wherein, described charging surface is flat.
21. according to claim 1,2,4,10,13,15 or 16 described primary device, wherein, described charging surface is crooked.
22. according to claim 1,2,4 or 10 described primary device, wherein, described primary device also comprises drive unit, be used to provide electric drive signal to the described device that is used to generate an electromagnetic field, thereby make in described charging zone or at least one position, described field has the field wire that changes direction on the described charging zone in time decomposing.
But 23. one kind do not need direct electric connection to touch the just system of electric energy transmitting, comprising:
According to each described primary device in the aforesaid right requirement; And
Second unit, be arranged with described primary device branch, and comprise at least one conductor, when described second unit is in its described active configuration, the described electromagnetic field that generates by the described device that is used for generating an electromagnetic field and described at least one conductor coupling and to induce electric current mobile at described conductor.
24. system according to claim 23, wherein, described second unit is loaded into the object that needs electric energy, or the object that is required electric energy loads, when described object is placed on the described charging surface or close described charging surface, so that the second unit that is loaded is when having its described active configuration, described second unit can receive electric energy from described primary device.
25. system according to claim 24, wherein, described object comprises at least one battery or battery unit, described second unit is flat adapter form, described flat adapter is assemblied on described battery or the battery unit, has the thin electrodes between the terminal of the terminal that can be inserted in described battery or battery unit and described object.
26. system according to claim 23, wherein, described second unit is loaded into rechargeable battery or battery unit, or is loaded by rechargeable battery or battery unit, and described rechargeable battery or battery unit are assembled into or are suitable for being assembled the object that into needs electric energy.
27. system according to claim 26, wherein, when described rechargeable battery or battery unit are assembled into described object and described object is placed on the described charging surface or near described charging surface, make described second unit have its described active configuration, described rechargeable battery or battery unit can be recharged, and described rechargeable battery or battery unit need not be removed from described object.
28. according to claim 26 or 27 described systems, wherein, described rechargeable battery or battery unit are the battery or the battery units of industry standard size.
29. according to claim 26 or 27 described systems, wherein, the size of described rechargeable battery or battery unit and/or shape can be application-specific and special-purpose or customization.
30. according to claim 26 or 27 described systems, wherein, described rechargeable battery or battery unit also comprise energy accumulating device and device for converting electric energy, described device for converting electric energy is used for converting the electric energy that described second unit induction receives to be suitable for connecting by its external electric the outside that is transferred to described rechargeable battery or battery unit form, or convert the form that described energy accumulating device is recharged of being suitable for to, or convert above-mentioned two kinds of forms to.
31. according to claim 26 or 27 described systems, wherein, described rechargeable battery or battery unit also comprise the magnetic flux aggregation apparatus, described at least one conductor twines described magnetic flux aggregation apparatus.
32. according to claim 24,25,26 or 27 described systems, wherein, described charging zone is enough big, to hold two or more such second units simultaneously, described second unit is loaded into each different such objects, or is loaded by each different such objects.
33. according to claim 24,25,26 or 27 described systems, wherein, described primary device is the part of the container of described object.
34. according to claim 23,24,25,26 or 27 described systems, wherein, described primary device is integrated in the parts of the furniture with the surface that is used to form described charging surface.
35. according to claim 23,24,25,26 or 27 described systems, wherein, described second unit has the core that is associated with at least one conductor of described second unit, and wherein, each described charging zone is enough big, in surpassing a position and/or orientation, to comprise the footprint zone of described second unit, described second unit can be placed on described surpassing in one the position and/or orientation, described footprint zone is when described second unit is in its described active configuration, is parallel to the zone of the described charging surface that occupies by described at least one conductor and/or by the core of described second unit.
36. according to claim 23,24,25,26 or 27 described systems, wherein, described second unit comprises secondary coil, described secondary coil provides described at least one conductor, is so arranged so that the central shaft of described secondary coil is at described second unit under the situation of its described active configuration and is not orthogonal to described charging surface.
37. system according to claim 36, wherein, the central shaft of described secondary coil is at described second unit under the situation of its described active configuration and is parallel to described charging surface.
38. according to claim 23,24,25,26,27 or 37 described systems, wherein, at least one conductor in the described second unit twines the core that is used for assembling therein magnetic flux, and the described core that is used for assembling therein magnetic flux is provided so that its longitudinal axis is at described second unit under the situation of its described active configuration and is not orthogonal to described charging surface.
39. according to the described system of claim 38, wherein, described longitudinal axis is at described second unit under the situation of its described active configuration and is parallel to described charging surface.
CNB038105055A 2002-05-13 2003-05-13 Electric energy transmission system and the primary device of using therein CN100550570C (en)

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GBGB0210886.8A GB0210886D0 (en) 2002-05-13 2002-05-13 Improvements relating to contact-less power transfer
GB0210886.8 2002-05-13
GB0213024.3 2002-06-07
GBGB0213024.3A GB0213024D0 (en) 2002-05-13 2002-06-07 Improvements relating to contact-less power transfer
GB0225006.6 2002-10-28
GBGB0225006.6A GB0225006D0 (en) 2002-05-13 2002-10-28 Inductive battery recharging system
GBGB0228425.5A GB0228425D0 (en) 2002-05-13 2002-12-06 Improvements relating to contact-less power transfer
GB0228425.5 2002-12-06
GB10/326,571 2002-12-20
US10/326,571 US6906495B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2002-12-20 Contact-less power transfer

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CN200910166185A Division CN101699710A (en) 2002-05-13 2003-05-13 Contact-less power transfer and method
CN200910166189A Division CN101714768A (en) 2002-05-13 2003-05-13 Contact-less power transfer device and method
CN200910166187.1A Division CN101714767B (en) 2002-05-13 2003-05-13 Contact-less power transfer device and method
CN2009101661848A Division CN101699709B (en) 2002-05-13 2003-05-13 Contact-less power transfer device and method
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