CN100542710C - Upsetting processing method and upsetting processing unit (plant) - Google Patents

Upsetting processing method and upsetting processing unit (plant) Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100542710C
CN100542710C CNB2006800037211A CN200680003721A CN100542710C CN 100542710 C CN100542710 C CN 100542710C CN B2006800037211 A CNB2006800037211 A CN B2006800037211A CN 200680003721 A CN200680003721 A CN 200680003721A CN 100542710 C CN100542710 C CN 100542710C
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China
Prior art keywords
blank
guide way
hole enlargement
reservations
upsetting processing
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CNB2006800037211A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101111329A (en
Inventor
大泷笃史
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Resonac Holdings Corp
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Showa Denko KK
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Publication of CN101111329A publication Critical patent/CN101111329A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of can be to the hole enlargement reservations of the blank upsetting processing method of hole enlargement unevenly in a circumferential direction.Preparation has the guide way (20) of inserting the inserting hole (21) that leads to the hole enlargement reservations (2) that keep blank (1) with the buckling blocked state.On the part of the leading section (20a) of guide way (20), be provided with integratedly to the outstanding hole enlargement of the axial direction of guide way (20) and suppress with projection piece (22).The hole enlargement reservations (2) that will be fixed on the blank (1) in the fixed mould (10) are inserted logical remaining in the inserting hole (21) of guide way (20).Then, make drift (30) move, the hole enlargement reservations (2) of blank (1) be pressurizeed in the axial direction on one side by this drift (30), guide way (20) is moved on one side to the rightabout of the moving direction of drift (30), to the hole enlargement reservations (2) of the blank (1) that between the leading section (20a) of guide way (20) and fixed mould (10), exposes, under the state that suppresses hole enlargement for contacting part these hole enlargement reservations (2) and projection piece (22), carry out hole enlargement thus.

Description

Upsetting processing method and upsetting processing unit (plant)
Technical field
The present invention relates to the regulation position of bar-shaped blank is carried out the upsetting processing method and the upsetting processing unit (plant) of hole enlargement.
Background technology
In general, upsetting processing is by bar-shaped blank is pressurizeed in the axial direction, and the hole enlargement reservations of blank are carried out hole enlargement.In this upsetting processing, if adding blank buckling in man-hour, the product that is obtained (upsetting processed goods) shape defect that becomes (fold, interlayer etc.) then, its value as product is impaired.So, in order to make it not take place buckling, known all the time following upsetting processing method.
That is, this method is: blank is fixed in the fixed mould, thereby and will in the slotting inserting hole that leads on being arranged on guide way of the hole enlargement reservations of blank the hole enlargement reservations be held in the buckling blocked state.Then, by in the axial direction the hole enlargement reservations of blank being pressurizeed with drift on one side, guide way is moved on the rightabout of the moving direction of drift, thereby the hole enlargement reservations to the blank that exposes between the leading section of guide way and fixed mould are carried out hole enlargement (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1 and 2).
In above-mentioned existing upsetting processing method, common hole enlargement reservations hole enlargement equably on its whole circumference to blank.
Patent documentation 1: 48-No. 62646 communiques of Japanese kokai publication sho
Patent documentation 2: 9-No. 253782 communiques of Japanese kokai publication hei
Summary of the invention
Above-mentioned existing upsetting processing method, be mainly used in the preform of making the process industry product, but the automobile of for example double end double offset ring spanner shape in the industrial products is formed with the linking part that only expands to the width both sides with mechanical arm, connecting rod in the end of its axial region.In addition, with in the double-head piston, be formed at the piston portion at the both ends of its axial region at compressor, its central shaft staggers from the central shaft of axial region.Under by the situation of above-mentioned upsetting processing method manufacturing, there is following difficult point about the preform of such product.
Promptly, in above-mentioned upsetting processing method, as mentioned above, because the hole enlargement reservations to blank are carried out even hole enlargement with spreading all over its whole circumference, so after upsetting processing, become the shape of linking part, piston portion, wide diameter portion plastic deformation, cutting need be flat or the like in order to make wide diameter portion, wide diameter portion is further processed, and the worker ordinal number increases or stock utilization reduces such problem thereby produce.
The present invention makes in view of above-mentioned technical background, its purpose is, a kind of upsetting processing method that the hole enlargement reservations of blank can be carried out unevenly hole enlargement on its circumferencial direction can be provided, the upsetting processed goods that is obtained thus, and the upsetting processing unit (plant) that is used for described upsetting processing method.
The invention provides following means.
(1) a kind of upsetting processing method is characterized in that,
Use such upsetting processing unit (plant), promptly, this device has: the fixed mould of fixing bar-shaped blank, have guide way and the drift of inserting the inserting hole of the logical hole enlargement reservations that keep blank with the buckling blocked state, and be provided with integratedly to the outstanding hole enlargement of the axial direction of guide way on the part of the leading section of guide way and suppress to use projection piece;
The hole enlargement reservations that are fixed on the blank in the fixed mould are inserted logical remaining in the inserting hole of guide way;
Then, make drift move, the hole enlargement reservations of blank be pressurizeed in the axial direction on one side by this drift, guide way is moved on one side to the rightabout of the moving direction of drift, to the hole enlargement reservations of the blank that between the leading section of guide way and fixed mould, exposes, under the state that suppresses hole enlargement for contacting part these hole enlargement reservations and the guide way projection piece, carry out hole enlargement thus.
(2) the upsetting processing method of being put down in writing according to technical scheme 1, wherein, fixed mould is provided with the shaping recess, and, be provided with along the slip slot part that the axial direction of fixed mould extends and the projection piece of guide way can insert sliding freely at the axial direction of fixed mould at the circumferential surface of this shaping recess;
To form face with the side of the part projection piece that touch, guide way of the circumferential surface of the hole enlargement reservations of blank corresponding to the circumferential surface shape of the wide diameter portion of blank;
The hole enlargement reservations that are fixed on the blank in the fixed mould are configured in the shaping recess and the hole enlargement reservations of blank are inserted logical remaining in the inserting hole of guide way, and the projection piece of guide way is inserted the slip slot part;
Then, the hole enlargement reservations to blank are carried out hole enlargement in the shaping recess.
(3) according to the above-mentioned the 1st or the 2nd the upsetting processing method of being put down in writing, wherein,
The average translational speed from beginning when mobile of drift is made as P,
The average translational speed from beginning when mobile of guide way is made as G,
The buckling critical length by the area of section of the hole enlargement reservations of the blank that upsetting processing is preceding is made as X o,
The leading section and the primary clearance between the fixed mould of guide way are made as X (wherein, 0≤X≤X o),
The length of the blank before the upsetting processing that wide diameter portion is required is made as L o,
To be made as X with respect to the stop position of fixed mould according to the design volume of wide diameter portion leading section that try to achieve, drift p,
The leading section of the guide way that will be determined by design is made as X with respect to the stop position of fixed mould g,
To be made as t from the time delay that drift begins when mobile till guide way begins when mobile o(wherein, 0≤t o),
At this moment, G satisfies G=(X g-X) P/ (L o-X p-Pt 0) formula.
(4) according to any upsetting processing method of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 1st～3, wherein,
The hole enlargement predetermined position of blank is in the axial direction both sides of this blank;
Each the hole enlargement reservations that is fixed on the blank in the fixed mould are inserted logical remaining in the inserting hole of each guide way respectively;
Then, with each drift simultaneously each hole enlargement reservations of blank in the axial direction pressurizeed on one side, each guide way is moved to the rightabout of the moving direction of the drift of correspondence respectively, simultaneously two hole enlargement reservations of blank are carried out hole enlargement thus.
(5), wherein, implemented chamfer machining in the inserting hole edge of opening portion of the leading section of guide way according to any upsetting processing method of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 1st～4.
(6) according to any upsetting processing method of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 1st～5, wherein, fixing edge of opening portion with embedded hole has implemented chamfer machining at the blank that is arranged at fixed mould.
(7) according to any upsetting processing method of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 1st～6, wherein, blank is made of the rolled parts of pole shape.
(8) according to above-mentioned the 7th the upsetting processing method of being put down in writing, wherein, rolled parts is a casting rolling spare.
(9) according to above-mentioned the 7th the upsetting processing method of being put down in writing, wherein, rolled parts is the continuous casting rolled parts.
(10) according to any upsetting processing method of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 7th～9, wherein, on the surface of the hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of the inserting hole of guide way or/and blank, be attached with under the state of lubricant, the hole enlargement reservations of blank are carried out hole enlargement.
(11) according to any upsetting processing method of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 1st～10, wherein, to on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, carry out partly under the heated state hole enlargement reservations of blank being carried out hole enlargement with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(12) according to the above-mentioned the 11st upsetting processing method of being put down in writing, wherein, by induction heating apparatus on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, carry out eddy-current heating partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(13) according to the above-mentioned the 11st upsetting processing method of being put down in writing, wherein, by the leading section of guide way being carried out eddy-current heating partly by induction heating apparatus, thus on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(14) according to any upsetting processing method of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 11st～13, wherein, with on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, be heated to the semi-molten state partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(15) according to any upsetting processing method of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 11st～14, wherein, by cooling device to state on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, that more cool off with the ratio leading section of guide way by the corresponding position, position of base end side under, the hole enlargement reservations of blank are carried out hole enlargement.
(16) a kind of by any upsetting processed goods that the upsetting processing method of being put down in writing obtains in above-mentioned the 1st～15.
(17) a kind of upsetting processing unit (plant), it can carry out hole enlargement to the hole enlargement reservations of bar-shaped blank, it is characterized in that,
Possess: the fixing fixed mould of blank,
Have the guide way of inserting the inserting hole that leads to the hole enlargement reservations that remain fixed in the blank in the fixed mould with the buckling blocked state,
To insert the hole enlargement reservations lead to the blank in the inserting hole of guide way the drift of axial direction pressurization and
The guide way drive unit that guide way is moved on the rightabout of the moving direction of drift;
On the part of the leading section of guide way, be provided with integratedly to the outstanding hole enlargement of the axial direction of guide way and suppress to use projection piece,
And, the projection piece of guide way, by when the hole enlargement of the hole enlargement reservations of blank, the part of the circumferential surface of hole enlargement reservations and the side of projection piece touch, and suppress hole enlargement for the contacting part hole enlargement reservations and projection piece.
(18) according to above-mentioned the 17th the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein,
Fixed mould is provided with the shaping recess, and, at the circumferential surface of this shaping recess, be provided with along the slip slot part that the axial direction of fixed mould extends and the projection piece of guide way can insert sliding freely at the axial direction of fixed mould;
The side of the projection piece of guide way is formed face corresponding to the circumferential surface shape of the wide diameter portion of blank.
(19), wherein, implemented chamfer machining in the inserting hole edge of opening portion of the leading section of guide way according to the above-mentioned the 17th or the 18th the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing.
(20) according to any upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 17th～19, wherein, fixing edge of opening portion with embedded hole has implemented chamfer machining at the blank that is arranged at fixed mould.
(21) according to any upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 17th～20, wherein, blank is made of the rolled parts of pole shape;
Possess and make the lip-deep lubricant attachment device of lubricant attached to the hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of the inserting hole of guide way or/and blank.
(22) according to above-mentioned the 21st the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein, rolled parts is a casting rolling spare.
(23) according to above-mentioned the 21st the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein, rolled parts is the continuous casting rolled parts.
(24), wherein, possess heater on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, that heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way according to any upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 17th～23.
(25) according to above-mentioned the 24th the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein,
Heater is the induction heat-transfer device with load coil,
Constitute, by induction heating apparatus on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, carry out eddy-current heating partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(26) according to above-mentioned the 24th the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein,
Heater is the induction heating apparatus with load coil,
Constitute, by the leading section of guide way being carried out eddy-current heating partly by induction heating apparatus, thereby on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(27) according to above-mentioned the 24th the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein, heater, can with on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, be heated to the semi-molten state partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(28), wherein, possess cooling device on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, that more cool off with the ratio leading section of guide way by the corresponding position, position of base end side according to any upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 24th～27.
(29) a kind of upsetting processing unit (plant), it can carry out hole enlargement respectively to each hole enlargement reservations of the axial direction both sides of bar-shaped blank, it is characterized in that,
Possess: the fixing fixed mould of blank,
Have two guide waies inserting the inserting hole that leads to each the hole enlargement reservations that remains fixed in the blank in the fixed mould with the buckling blocked state respectively,
To insert lead to the blank in the inserting hole of each guide way each hole enlargement reservations respectively two drifts of axial direction pressurization and
Two guide way drive units that each guide way is moved to the rightabout of the moving direction of the drift of correspondence respectively;
On the part of the leading section of at least one guide way in two guide waies, be provided with integratedly to the outstanding hole enlargement of the axial direction of guide way and suppress to use projection piece,
And, the projection piece of guide way, by when the hole enlargement of the hole enlargement reservations of blank, the part of the circumferential surface of hole enlargement reservations and the side of projection piece touch, and suppress hole enlargement for the contacting part hole enlargement reservations and projection piece.
(30) according to above-mentioned the 29th the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein,
Fixed mould is provided with two shaping recesses, and, the circumferential surface of at least one the shaping recess in these two shaping recesses is provided with along the slip slot part that the axial direction of fixed mould extends and the projection piece of guide way can insert sliding freely at the axial direction of fixed mould;
The side of the projection piece of guide way is formed face corresponding to the circumferential surface shape of the wide diameter portion of blank.
(31), wherein, implemented chamfer machining in the inserting hole edge of opening portion of the leading section of each guide way according to above-mentioned the 29th or 30 the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing.
(32) according to any upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 29th～31, wherein, fixing edge of opening portion with embedded hole has implemented chamfer machining at the blank that is arranged at fixed mould.
(33) according to any upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 29th～32, wherein,
Blank is made of the rolled parts of pole shape;
Possess and make lip-deep two the lubricant attachment devices of lubricant attached to each hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of the inserting hole of each guide way or/and blank.
(34) according to above-mentioned the 33rd the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein, rolled parts is a casting rolling spare.
(35) according to above-mentioned the 33rd the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein, rolled parts is the continuous casting rolled parts.
(36), wherein, possess two heaters on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, that heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way according to any upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 29th～35.
(37) according to above-mentioned the 36th the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein,
Each heater is the induction heating apparatus with load coil,
Constitute, by induction heating apparatus on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, carry out eddy-current heating partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(38) according to above-mentioned the 36th the upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing, wherein,
Each heater is the induction heating apparatus with load coil,
Constitute, by the leading section of each guide way being carried out eddy-current heating partly by induction heating apparatus, thereby on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(39) according to any upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 36th～38, wherein, each heater, can with on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, be heated to the semi-molten state partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
(40), wherein, possess two cooling devices on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, that more cool off with the ratio leading section of guide way by the corresponding position, position of base end side according to any upsetting processing unit (plant) of being put down in writing in above-mentioned the 36th～39.
The present invention plays following effect.
In the invention of (1), by drift being moved on one side and blank being pressurizeed in the axial direction by this drift, guide way is moved on one side to the rightabout of the moving direction of drift, thereby hole enlargement reservations to the blank that between the leading section of guide way and fixed mould, exposes, under the state that suppresses hole enlargement for contacting part these hole enlargement reservations and the guide way projection piece, carry out hole enlargement, so the hole enlargement reservations of blank can be carried out hole enlargement unevenly on its circumferencial direction.Therefore, make the preform of automobile, can obtain shape, consequently, can stock utilization manufacture a product well as far as possible near the product of final products shape with products such as mechanical arm, connecting rod, compressor double-head piston, bent axles to being used to.
In the invention of (2), the side of the projection piece of guide way is formed face corresponding to the circumferential surface shape of the wide diameter portion of blank, so the wide diameter portion of blank can be formed design shape reliably, thereby can obtain the preform with the more approaching shape of final products shape.
In the invention of (3), primary clearance is made as below the buckling critical length, and the translational speed of drift and guide way adjusted, make drift mobile end time that the shaping carry out design flow is required and to form the required guide way mobile end time of the wide diameter portion of design flow consistent, thus can with the hole enlargement reservations of blank by mechanical calculations reliably hole enlargement be design shape.
In the invention of (4), can efficient be manufactured on the preform that the axial direction both sides are formed with wide diameter portion respectively well.
In the invention of (5), adding man-hour, the back pressure of the material of blank can act on the leading section of guide way effectively.Consequently, can reduce and make guide way move required driving force.
In the invention of (6), can relax the stress of the bight generation between the position of being fixed in fixed mould and wide diameter portion of blank and concentrate.
In the invention of (7), because can obtain or make the blank of the pole shape that constitutes by rolled parts at an easy rate, so, just can cut down finished cost by this blank is used with blank as upsetting processing.
And, this blank, in general, to compare circularity lower with the blank of the pole shape that is made of extrusion.Therefore, lead in the inserting hole of guide way, then certainly lead to the gap between the surface of the surface of the hole enlargement reservations of blank and inserting hole if the hole enlargement reservations of this blank are inserted.Therefore, both to touch area little, thereby the frictional resistance that slides in the axial direction in inserting hole when mobile when the hole enlargement reservations of blank is less, so can reduce forming pressure.Consequently, can use small-sized device as the drift drive unit that drift is moved, thereby the device space of upsetting processing unit (plant) can be sought save spaceization.
Also have, because can reduce forming pressure, so there is following advantage.That is, suppose under the bigger situation of forming pressure that the end of the hole enlargement reservations of blank is owing to the situation that the plus-pressure from drift is damaged by pressure takes place often in the inserting hole of guide way.So, the part of the material of the hole enlargement reservations of blank enters in the gap between the circumferential surface of the circumferential surface of drift and inserting hole, consequently, there is such difficult point, promptly, forming pressure increases, and drift becomes and can not move on compression aspect in inserting hole, causes and can not process.At this, by reducing forming pressure, can eliminate such difficult point, thereby can carry out upsetting processing well in length areas blank.
In the invention of (8), the blank that is made of casting rolling spare can further obtain or make at an easy rate, so by this blank is used with blank as upsetting processing, can further cut down finished cost.
In the invention of (9), because the blank that is made of the continuous casting rolled parts can further obtain or make at an easy rate, so, can further cut down finished cost by this blank is used with blank as upsetting processing.
In the invention of (10), there is following advantage.Promptly, as mentioned above, because the blank circularity of the pole shape that is made of rolled parts is lower, so when the hole enlargement reservations of this blank are inserted in the inserting hole that leads at guide way, between the circumferential surface of the surface of the hole enlargement reservations of blank and inserting hole, certainly lead to the gap.Be attached with under the situation of lubricant on the surface of the hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of inserting hole or/and blank, lubricant enters in this gap and temporary transient the storage.Thus, promote the diffusion into the surface of lubricant to the hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of inserting hole and blank.That is, be accompanied by the hole enlargement reservations that add the blank in man-hour and slide move in the axial direction in inserting hole, the lubricant in the gap can be to the diffusion into the surface of the hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of inserting hole and blank.Thus, the frictional resistance between the surface of hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of inserting hole and blank can be reduced reliably, promptly forming pressure can be reduced reliably.
In the invention of (11) because only make in the hole enlargement reservations of blank, with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way, deformation drag reduces partly, so can reduce forming pressure.
On the other hand, in the hole enlargement reservations of blank, more be not heated with the ratio leading section of guide way, so deformation drag does not reduce by the corresponding position, position of base end side.Therefore, can prevent since the hole enlargement reservations of blank because of from the plus-pressure of drift in the inserting hole of guide way to the expand increase of the forming pressure that produced of the radial direction outside, can also prevent that in addition the part owing to the material of the hole enlargement reservations of blank from entering the increase of the forming pressure that is produced in the gap between the circumferential surface of the circumferential surface of drift and inserting hole.
In the invention of (12), can reliably and very efficiently heat the corresponding position of the leading section with guide way on the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
In the invention of (13), can reliably and efficiently heat the corresponding position of the leading section with guide way on the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
In the invention of (14), can significantly reduce forming pressure.
In the invention of (15), can suppress reliably in the hole enlargement reservations of blank, more be heated with the ratio leading section of guide way by the corresponding position, position of base end side.
In the invention of (16), the hole enlargement reservations that blank can be provided are in a circumferential direction by hole enlargement unevenly and the upsetting processed goods that obtains.This upsetting processed goods can be suitable for the industrial products preform such as double-head piston, bent axle of the mechanical arm making automobile for example and use, connecting rod, compressor.
In (17)～(40), can provide the upsetting processing unit (plant) of the upsetting processing method that is applicable to that the invention described above is related.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the summary exploded perspective view of the major part of the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 A carries out vertical section stereogram under the state before the hole enlargement, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Fig. 2 B is under Fig. 2 A condition, the profilograph of this upsetting processing unit (plant).
Fig. 3 A carries out vertical section stereogram under the hole enlargement state midway, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Fig. 3 B is under Fig. 3 A condition, the profilograph of this upsetting processing unit (plant).
Fig. 4 A carries out vertical section stereogram under the state after the hole enlargement, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Fig. 4 B is under Fig. 4 A condition, the profilograph of this upsetting processing unit (plant).
Fig. 5 is the stereogram by the upsetting processed goods of this upsetting processing unit (plant) acquisition.
Fig. 6 A carries out vertical section stereogram under the state before the hole enlargement, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of second embodiment of the present invention to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Fig. 6 B is under Fig. 6 A condition, the profilograph of this upsetting processing unit (plant).
Fig. 7 A carries out vertical section stereogram under the hole enlargement state midway, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Fig. 7 B is under Fig. 7 A condition, the profilograph of this upsetting processing unit (plant).
Fig. 8 A carries out vertical section stereogram under the state after the hole enlargement, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Fig. 8 B is under Fig. 8 A condition, the profilograph of this upsetting processing unit (plant).
Fig. 9 is the stereogram by the upsetting processed goods of this upsetting processing unit (plant) acquisition.
Figure 10 is the summary exploded perspective view of the major part of the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of third embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 A carries out vertical section stereogram under the state before the hole enlargement, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Figure 11 B is under Figure 11 A condition, the plane of this upsetting processing unit (plant).
Figure 12 A carries out vertical section stereogram under the hole enlargement state midway, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Figure 12 B is under Figure 12 A condition, the plane of this upsetting processing unit (plant).
Figure 13 A carries out vertical section stereogram under the state after the hole enlargement, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Figure 13 B is under Figure 13 A condition, the plane of this upsetting processing unit (plant).
Figure 14 is the stereogram by the upsetting processed goods of this upsetting processing unit (plant) acquisition.
Figure 15 carries out vertical section stereogram under the state before the hole enlargement, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of the 4th embodiment of the present invention to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Figure 16 is the Z-Z line profile among Figure 15.
Figure 17 carries out vertical section stereogram under the hole enlargement state midway, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Figure 18 carries out vertical section stereogram under the state after the hole enlargement, this upsetting processing unit (plant) by this upsetting processing unit (plant) to the hole enlargement reservations of blank.
Label declaration
1: workpiece 2: the hole enlargement reservations
3: wide diameter portion 6A, 6B, 6C: upsetting processed goods (preform)
1A, 1B, 1C, 1D: upsetting processing unit (plant)
10: fixed mould 11: blank is fixedly used embedded hole
11a: chamfer machining portion 12: shaping recess
13: slip slot part 20: guide way
20a: leading section 21: inserting hole
21a: chamfer machining portion 22: hole enlargement suppresses to use projection piece
22a: side 25: the moving direction of guide way
30: drift 35: the moving direction of drift
40: guide way drive unit 50: the drift drive unit
70: heater 71: induction heating apparatus
72: load coil 73: power supply unit
80: cooling device 81: the cooling fluid opening
90: lubricant attachment device 91: nozzle
The specific embodiment
Next, with reference to accompanying drawing several embodiments of the present invention is described below.
Fig. 1～Fig. 5 is the skeleton diagram that is used to illustrate the upsetting processing method of using the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of first embodiment of the present invention.
In Fig. 1,1A is the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of first embodiment, the 1st, and blank.In addition, in Fig. 5,6A is the upsetting processed goods by upsetting processing unit (plant) 1A manufacturing.This upsetting processed goods 6A, the preform that for example can be used as the part of the double-head piston that is used to make compressor uses.
As shown in Figure 1, blank 1 is straight club-shaped material, for example by the aluminium (alloy that comprises it.Below identical) constitute.The section shape of blank 1 is circular, and the area of section of blank 1 is set at certain in the axial direction.
In addition, in the present invention, the material of blank 1 is not limited to aluminium, also can be other metal such as for example brass, copper, stainless steel, also can be plastics.In addition, the section shape of blank 1 also can be the polygonal of quadrangle, hexagon etc.In addition, blank 1 can be made of rolled parts, extrusion, also can be made of the material with other method made.
The hole enlargement reservations 2 of this blank 1 are arranged in a sidepiece of the axial direction both sides of blank 1, specifically, are positioned at an end of blank 1, that is to say that an end of blank 1 is corresponding with hole enlargement reservations 2.So,, as shown in Figure 5, be formed with columned wide diameter portion 3 in an end of blank 1 (axial region 4) by being design shape with these hole enlargement reservations 2 hole enlargements.This wide diameter portion 3, its central shaft staggers with respect to the central shaft of blank 1.Therefore, the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 quilt hole enlargement unevenly on its circumferencial direction.
In addition, in the present invention, so-called hole enlargement reservations 2 hole enlargement unevenly on its circumferencial direction with blank 1, be meant thickness ground upsetting hole enlargement reservations 2 such as not, the part of the circumferential surface of hole enlargement reservations 2 is expanded to the outside of direction radially, and do not make other demi-inflations or suppress the swell increment of other parts, like this hole enlargement reservations 2 are carried out hole enlargement.
In addition, in upsetting processed goods 6A, a piston portion of wide diameter portion 3 corresponding double-head pistons, the axial region 4 of the corresponding double-head piston in position of not implementing hole enlargement processing of blank 1.
Upsetting processing unit (plant) 1A shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 2 B, is the device that the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 are carried out hole enlargement.This upsetting processing unit (plant) 1A possesses: fixed mould 10, guide way 20, drift 30, guide way drive unit 40 and drift drive unit 50.
Fixed mould 10 is the parts that are used for fixing blank 1, makes that adding the man-hour blank in upsetting 1 can not move in the axial direction.In an end of the axial direction of this fixed mould 10, be provided with the embedded hole 11 that the non-processing specified part that makes blank 1 embeds and fixes, be used for fixing blank along the axial direction of fixed mould 10 with extending.In this example, the end of the opposition side of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 is corresponding with non-hole enlargement reservations, this end embeds this embedded hole 11, thereby with the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 state outstanding with respect to fixed mould 10, blank 1 is fixed in fixed mould 10.
And,, be provided with the shaping recess 12 (being forming cavity) that the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 is configured as design shape (promptly cylindric) in axial direction one end of fixed mould 10.Because after hole enlargement reservations 2 hole enlargements of blank 1, the central shaft of wide diameter portion 3 staggers with respect to the central shaft of blank 1, so the opening of embedded hole 11 is arranged on the position that the central part with respect to the bottom surface of shaping recess 12 staggers.
In addition, in the edge of opening portion of the embedded hole 11 of fixed mould 10, shown in Fig. 2 B, spread all over whole circumference ground and implement chamfer machining, therefore, the section shape of this edge part forms round.11a is the chamfer machining portion that is formed at this edge part.
In addition, the mould of fixed mould 10 a plurality of by vertically being divided into (present embodiment is two) promptly is made of flatten die.
In addition, the 15th, the bottom of fixed mould 10.This bottom 15 is the parts that are used for for the blank 1 that embeds embedded hole 11 can not broken away from from another opening of embedded hole 11 its sealing.
Guide way 20 has with buckling blocked state and the slidably slotting movably in the axial direction inserting hole 21 that leads to and keep the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1.That is, this guide way 20, by the hole enlargement reservations 2 of inserting logical blanks 1 at its inserting hole 21, thus with the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 in inserting hole 21 with the buckling blocked state and slidably kept movably in the axial direction.For this inserting hole 21, extend and connect guide way 21 ground along the axial direction of guide way 20 and be provided with.The diameter of this inserting hole 21 is set at, can be with blank 1 with appropriate state and insert size in this inserting hole 21 in the axial direction sliding freely.
This guide way 20 is to insert the parts that the material of hole enlargement reservations 2 that wildcard places the blank 1 of this inserting hole 21 guides in shaping recess 12.
In addition, the edge of opening portion of the inserting hole 21 of the leading section 20a of this guide way 20 shown in Fig. 2 B, has implemented chamfer machining, and therefore, the section shape of this edge part forms round.21a is the chamfer machining portion that is formed at this edge part.
And as shown in Figure 1, at a place of the leading section of guide way 20, the outstanding hole enlargement of axial direction that forms oriented guide way 20 suppresses with projection piece 22, is accompanied by moving of guide way 20, and this projection piece 22 moves integratedly with guide way 20.Insert the part of the circumferential surface of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of leading to the blank 1 in the inserting hole 21 of guide way 20, when the hole enlargement of hole enlargement reservations 2, touch with the side 22a towards inserting hole 21 sides of this projection piece 22, thus, the contacting part with projection piece 22 by hole enlargement reservations 2 suppresses hole enlargement.
On the other hand, at a place, be provided with along the slip slot part 13 that the axial direction of fixed mould 10 extends and the projection piece 22 of guide way 20 can insert on the axial direction of fixed mould 10 sliding freely as the circumferential surface 12a of the forming face of the shaping recess 12 of fixed mould 10.Also have, on fixed mould 10, be provided with the sliding eye portion 14 of on the axial direction of fixed mould 10, extending continuously with this slip slot part 13.The projection piece 22 that is inserted in the guide way 20 of slip slot part 13 is inserted in this sliding eye portion 14 sliding freely.
In addition, with the side 22a of the part projection piece 22 that touch, guide way 20 of the circumferential surface of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, form and corresponding of the circumferential surface shape of the wide diameter portion 3 of blank 1.Therefore, the side 22a of this projection piece 22 forms, and inserts at projection piece 22 under the state of slip slot parts 13, is linked to be a face in a circumferential direction with the circumferential surface 12a of shaping recess 12.In the present embodiment, the side 22a of projection piece 22 forms, and bending to section accordingly with the circumferential surface shape of columned wide diameter portion 3 is circular-arc flexure plane.
Drift 30 is to be used for leading in the hole enlargement reservations 3 of the blank 1 of the inserting hole 21 of guide way 20 pressurised equipment in the axial direction inserting.This drift 30, hole enlargement reservations 2 places that are configured in the blank 1 in the axial direction both sides of blank 1 are distolateral.
Drift drive unit 50 is to be used to make drift 30 to move, this drift 30 is applied the equipment that is used for driving force that the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 are pressurizeed on the axial direction of blank 1.This drift drive unit 50, the device that be connected with drift 30, the mechanical cam by utilizing stamping machine, fluid pressure (oil pressure, air pressure) etc. applies driving force to drift 30.In addition, because this drift drive unit 50, just can make the speed of drift certain in case determined target shape (design shape), so be not the device that control rate must be arranged, but also can at random change hole enlargement shape (shape of wide diameter portion) by the control device of control pressing speed is set.
Guide way drive unit 40 is devices (with reference to Fig. 3 B) that guide way 20 is moved to the rightabout 25 of the moving direction 35 of drift 30 compression aspect of 35 pairs of blank hole enlargements of drift reservations 2 (promptly by).This guide way drive unit 40 is the devices that are connected, by fluid pressure (oil pressure, air pressure), electro-motor, spring etc. guide way 20 applied driving force with guide way 20.This guide way drive unit 40, just can make the speed of guide way certain in case determined target shape (design shape), so be not the device that control rate must be arranged, but can at random change hole enlargement shape (shape of wide diameter portion) yet by the control device of control rate is set.
The upsetting processing method of the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1A that has used above-mentioned first embodiment then, below is described.In addition, in Fig. 2 A, Fig. 3 A and Fig. 4 A, each figure does not all illustrate the bottom 15 of fixed mould 10 in order to should be readily appreciated that the relative position relation of fixed mould 10 and guide way 20.
At first, shown in Fig. 2 A and Fig. 2 B, by will embedding the embedded hole 11 of fixed mould 10 as the non-hole enlargement reservations of the end of the opposition side of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, fixing blank 1 on fixed mould 10 makes blank 1 can unpredictably not move in the axial direction.Thus, the hole enlargement reservations 2 with blank 1 are configured in the shaping recess 12 of fixed mould 10.In addition, under this stationary state, the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 are outstanding with respect to fixed mould 10.
Then, with 2 slotting the leading in the inserting hole 21 of guide way 20 of hole enlargement reservations of blank 1, thus, the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 are held in buckling blocked state and slidably mobile at axial direction in inserting hole 21, and, the projection piece 22 of guide way 20 is inserted slip slot part 13 and sliding eye portion 14 in turn along the axial direction of fixed mould 10.Under this state, the side 22a of the part of the circumferential surface of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 and the projection piece 22 of guide way 20 touches.
Then, between the leading section 20a of guide way 20 and fixed mould 10 (specifically, being the bottom surface of the shaping recess 12 of fixed mould 10), primary clearance X (with reference to Fig. 2 B) is set.The interval of this primary clearance X, be set to smaller or equal to buckling critical length X by the area of section at the exposed division of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the moving under (that is the pressurization of 30 pairs of blank hole enlargements of drift reservations 2) preceding state of beginning drift 30, the blank 1 that between the leading section 21a of guide way 20 and fixed mould 10, exposes OIn addition, in the present invention, the buckling critical length is meant the buckling critical length under the drift plus-pressure.
Then, shown in Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, on one side by making 50 actions of drift drive unit that drift 30 is moved, hole enlargement reservations 2 with 30 pairs of blanks 1 of drift are pressurizeed in the axial direction, on one side by making 40 actions of guide way drive unit that guide way 40 is moved to the rightabout 25 of the moving direction 35 of drift 30.Thus, at the leading section 20a of guide way 20 and fixed mould 10 (specifically, be the bottom surface of the shaping recess 12 of fixed mould 10) between the side 22a of projection piece 22 of the part of circumferential surface of hole enlargement reservations 2 of the blank 1 that exposes and guide way 20 touch, thereby hole enlargement reservations 2 and contacting part projection piece 22 for blank 1, suppress hole enlargement, under this state, in shaping recess 12 to the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 (specifically, be hole enlargement reservations 2 except with the contacting part of projection piece 22 part) carry out hole enlargement.
At this, will be begin when mobile to begin when mobile from drift 30 till to guide way 20 during in time delay t is set oThat is, when hole enlargement reservations 2 pressurizations that begin with drift 30 pairs of blanks 1, at first, in initial position, then, drift 30 is moved the fixed-site of guide way 20, pressurize in the axial direction by the hole enlargement reservations 2 of 30 pairs of blanks 1 of this drift.Then, the elapsed time postpones t oAfter, continue by drift 30 pair hole enlargement reservations 2 pressurizations guide way 20 to the rightabout 25 of the moving direction 35 of drift 30 on to be moved on one side.At this moment, the translational speed of guide way 20, control device by guide way drive unit 40 is controlled, and makes the buckling critical length by the area of section smaller or equal to the exposed division of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the blank 1 that exposes between the leading section 20a of guide way 20 and fixed mould 10.In addition, when having determined processing conditions, can use cylinder, the mechanical cam that can access as the certain speed of design flow.
In addition, in the present invention, the translational speed of drift 30 can be certain, also can change.In addition similarly, the translational speed of guide way 20 can be certain, also can change.
Be accompanied by moving of drift 30 and guide way 20, shown in Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, suppress under the state of hole enlargement at contacting part hole enlargement reservations 2 and guide way projection piece 22 blank 1, gently by hole enlargement, the material of hole enlargement reservations 2 is full of in the shaping recess 12 the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 in shaping recess 12.
Then, shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B,, arrive the stop position X of the leading section of the drift 30 of trying to achieve with respect to fixed mould 10 by the design volume of wide diameter portion 3 when the leading section of drift 30 pThe time, stop to move of drift 30; In addition, as the leading section 20a of guide way 20, arrive the stop position X with respect to fixed mould 10 by the leading section 20a that designs determined guide way 20 gThe time, stop to move of guide way 20.At this moment, the material of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 is full of in the shaping recess 12 fully, and these hole enlargement reservations 2 are design shape (promptly cylindric) by hole enlargement.
By above step, finished upsetting processing to the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1.
Next, by blank 1 is taken off from fixed mould 10, just obtain the upsetting processed goods 6A of hope as shown in Figure 5.
In the above-described first embodiment, the leading section of drift 30 is with respect to the stop position X of fixed mould 10 pWith the leading section 20a of guide way 20 stop position X with respect to fixed mould 10 gConsistent.In addition in the present invention, X pWith X gAlso can be inconsistent.
So, in the upsetting processing method of above-mentioned first embodiment, by drift 30 being moved on one side, hole enlargement reservations 2 by 30 pairs of blanks 1 of this drift are pressurizeed in the axial direction, guide way 20 is moved on one side to the rightabout 25 of the moving direction 35 of drift 30, thereby suppressing for contacting part these hole enlargement reservations 2 and guide way projection piece 22 under the state of hole enlargement, hole enlargement reservations 2 to the blank 1 that exposes between the leading section 20a of guide way 20 and fixed mould 10 are carried out hole enlargement, therefore, can be with hole enlargement reservations 2 hole enlargement unevenly in a circumferential direction of blank 1.Therefore, the upsetting processed goods 6A that staggers from the central shaft of blank 1 of the central shaft that can easily obtain wide diameter portion 3.Thus, according to the upsetting processing method of having used this upsetting processing unit (plant) 1A, the preform for a part that is used to make double-head piston can access the product with final products shape similar shape.Consequently, can either seek the reduction of existing worker ordinal number, also can stock utilization produce the part of double-head piston well.
And, in order to obtain such upsetting processed goods 6A, as long as use the parts that on leading section 20a, are provided with projection piece 22 integratedly to carry out upsetting processing, therefore, can carry out such upsetting processing with simply constructed upsetting processing unit (plant) 1A as guide way 20.
And, because the side 22a of the projection piece 22 of guide way 20 is formed the face corresponding to the circumferential surface shape of the wide diameter portion 3 of blank 1, so the wide diameter portion 3 of blank 1 can form design shape reliably, thereby can access and the final products shape preform of similar shape more.
And because implemented chamfer machining (its chamfer machining face 21a) in the edge of opening portion of the inserting hole 21 of the leading section 20a of guide way 20, so add man-hour in upsetting, the back pressure of the material of blank 1 can act on the leading section 20a of guide way 20 effectively.Consequently, the driving force that makes guide way 20 move required guide way drive unit 40 can be reduced to, thereby the miniaturization of guide way drive unit 40 can be sought.
And, because fixing edge of opening portion with embedded hole 11 has implemented chamfer machining (its chamfer machining face 11a) at the blank of fixed mould 10, concentrate so can relax the stress that the bight took place between the position of being fixed in fixed mould 10 and wide diameter portion 3 of blank 1.
Next, below the preferred processing conditions in the upsetting processing method of present embodiment is described.
The average translational speed from beginning when mobile of drift 30 is made as P,
The average translational speed from beginning when mobile of guide way 20 is made as G,
The buckling critical length by the area of section of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the blank 1 that upsetting processing is preceding is made as X o,
The leading section 20a and the primary clearance between the fixed mould 10 of guide way 20 are made as X (wherein, 0≤X≤X o),
The length of wide diameter portion 3 required upsettings being processed preceding blank 1 is made as L o,
Leading section that will try to achieve according to the design volume of wide diameter portion 3, drift 30 is made as X with respect to the stop position of fixed mould 10 p,
To be made as X with respect to the stop position of fixed mould 10 by the leading section 20a of determined, the guide way 20 of design g,
To be made as t from the time delay that drift 30 begins when mobile till guide way 20 begins when mobile o(wherein, 0≤t o).
In this upsetting processing method, the formula (i) below preferred G satisfies.
G＝(X g-X)P/(L o-X p-Pt o)...(i)
By making G satisfy above-mentioned formula (i), can with the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 reliably hole enlargement be design shape.
Below the reason of above-mentioned formula (i) is set in explanation about G.
When time (upsetting process time) when drift 30 begins when mobile to the upsetting process finishing set during for t, t when the upsetting process finishing, distance between the leading section of drift 30 and the fixed mould 10, promptly the leading section of drift 30 is with respect to the position X of fixed mould 10 p(i-a) is given by following formula.
L o-Pt＝X p...(i-a)
∴t＝(L o-X p)/P...(i-b)
In addition, t when the upsetting process finishing, the leading section 20a of guide way 20 and the distance between the fixed mould 10, promptly the leading section 20a of guide way 20 is with respect to the position X of fixed mould 10 g, (i-c) is given by following formula.
X+G(t-t o)＝X g...(i-c)
By above-mentioned formula (i-b) substitution (i-c) is put in order G, thereby derive above-mentioned formula (i).
Fig. 6 A～Fig. 9 is the skeleton diagram that is used to illustrate the upsetting processing method of having used the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of second embodiment of the present invention.
In Fig. 6 A, 1B is the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of second embodiment, the 1st, and blank.In addition, in Fig. 9,6B is the upsetting processed goods of making by upsetting processing unit (plant) 1B.This upsetting processed goods 6B is as the preform of the double-head piston that is used to make compressor, be that the double-head piston of compressor uses with preform.In other words, this upsetting processing unit (plant) 1B can be described as the manufacturing installation that the double-head piston that is used for compressor is used preform.
About the formation of the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1B of second embodiment, below be the center with the difference of the device 1A of itself and above-mentioned first embodiment, describe.
Blank 1, identical with the blank of above-mentioned first embodiment shown in Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B, be straight bar-shaped material, its section shape is circular.
The hole enlargement reservations 2 of this blank 1 are positioned at the axial direction both sides of blank 1, specifically, are positioned at the both ends of blank 1, and the both ends that is to say blank 1 are hole enlargement reservations 2,2.So, by with each hole enlargement reservations 2,2 of blank 1 respectively hole enlargements be separately design shape, as shown in Figure 9, just formed columned wide diameter portion 3,3 at the both ends of blank 1.This each wide diameter portion 3, its central shaft staggers with respect to the central shaft of blank 1.
In addition, in upsetting processed goods 6B, each wide diameter portion 3 is corresponding with the piston portion of double-head piston, and is as the axial direction pars intermedia of this blank 1 at the position of not implementing hole enlargement processing of blank 1, corresponding with the axial region 4 of double-head piston.
Upsetting processing unit (plant) 1B, be respectively to the upset device of processing of the hole enlargement reservations 2,2 of the axial direction both sides of blank 1, possess: fixed mould 10, two 40,40 and two drift drive units 50,50 of 30,30, two guide way drive units of 20,20, two drifts of guide way.
On fixed mould 10, along the axial direction of fixed mould 10 extend and connect fixed mould 10 ground be provided with embed and fixedly the non-hole enlargement reservations of conduct of blank 1 the axial direction pars intermedia, blank is fixing with embedded hole 11.
And,, be respectively arranged with the shaping recess 12,12 that the hole enlargement reservations 2,2 of blank 1 is configured as design shape (promptly cylindric) at the axial direction both ends of this fixed mould 10.In order to make after each hole enlargement reservations 2,2 hole enlargement of blank 1, the central shaft of each wide diameter portion 3,3 staggers with respect to the central shaft of blank 1, so the opening of embedded hole 11 is arranged on the position that the central part with respect to the bottom surface of shaping recess 12 staggers.
In addition, in the edge of opening portion of each embedded hole 11 of fixed mould 10, spread all over whole circumference and implement chamfer machining, therefore, the section shape of this edge part forms round.11a is the chamfer machining portion that is formed at this edge part.
In addition, the mould of fixed mould 10 a plurality of by vertically being divided into (present embodiment is two) promptly is made of flatten die.
Each guide way 20 has with the buckling blocked state and slidably inserts logical in the axial direction movably and keep the inserting hole 21 of hole enlargement reservations 2 of the correspondence of blank 1.For this inserting hole 21, extend and connect guide way 20 ground along the axial direction of guide way 20 and be provided with.
In addition, the edge of opening portion to the inserting hole 21 of the leading section 20a of each guide way 20 implements chamfer machining, and therefore, the section shape of this edge part forms round.21a is the chamfer machining portion that is formed at this edge part.
Also have, at the place of the leading section 20a of each guide way 20, form the axial direction of oriented guide way 20 outstanding, hole enlargement suppresses with projection piece 22.
On the other hand, a place at the recess 12 that respectively is shaped of fixed mould 10 as the circumferential surface 12a of forming face, with above-mentioned first embodiment in the same manner, be provided with along the slip slot part 13 that the axial direction of fixed mould 10 extends and the projection piece 22 of corresponding guide way 20 can insert sliding freely at the axial direction of fixed mould 10.And, on fixed mould 10, being provided with sliding eye portion 14 continuously with each slip slot part 13, it extends on the axial direction of fixed mould 10.The projection piece 22 that is inserted in the guide way 20 of slip slot part 13 inserts this sliding eye portion 10 sliding freely on the axial direction of fixed mould 10.In addition, in the present embodiment, two sliding eye portions 14,14 are connected.
In addition, with the side 22a of the projection piece 22 of each guide way 20 and above-mentioned first embodiment in the same manner, form and corresponding of the circumferential surface shape of the corresponding wide diameter portion 3 of blank 1.Therefore, the side 22a of this each projection piece 22 forms, and under projection piece 22 inserts state in the corresponding slip slot part 13, is linked to be a face in a circumferential direction with the circumferential surface 12a of corresponding shaping recess 12.In the present embodiment, the side 22a of each projection piece 22 forms the flexure plane that section is arc-shaped bend accordingly with the circumferential surface shape of corresponding columned wide diameter portion 3.
Each drift 30 is to be used for respectively leading to the parts that pressurize in the axial direction in the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the correspondence of the blank 1 of the inserting hole 21 of each guide way 20 to inserting.Two drifts 30,30 are configured in the axial direction both sides of blank 1.
Each drift drive unit 50 is the devices that are used to make each drift 30 to move on the axial direction of blank 1 respectively, the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the correspondence of blank 1 are pressurizeed in the axial direction.This each drift drive unit 50 is connected with corresponding drift 30.The formation of this each drift drive unit 50 is identical with above-mentioned first embodiment.
Each guide way drive unit 40 is devices that each guide way 20 is moved to the rightabout 25 of the moving direction 35 of the drift 30 of correspondence respectively.This each guide way drive unit 40 is connected with corresponding guide way 20.The formation of this each guide way drive unit 40 is identical with above-mentioned first embodiment.
The upsetting processing method of the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1B that has used above-mentioned second embodiment then, below is described.
At first, shown in Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B, by with blank 1 to embed the blank of fixed mould 10 as the axial direction pars intermedia of non-hole enlargement reservations fixing with in the embedded hole 11, fixing blank 1 on fixed mould 10 makes blank 1 can unpredictably not move in the axial direction.Thus, each the hole enlargement reservations 2 with blank 1 are configured in respectively in the corresponding shaping recess 12.
Then, each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 are inserted respectively lead in the inserting hole 21 of corresponding guide way 20, each hole enlargement reservations 2 is held in the buckling blocked state, and the projection piece 22 of each guide way 20 inserts in turn respectively in corresponding slip slot part 13 and the sliding eye portion 14.Under this state, the part of the circumferential surface of each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 touches with the side 22a of the projection piece 22 of corresponding guide way 20.
Then, between the leading section 20a of each guide way 20 and corresponding fixed mould 10, primary clearance X (with reference to Fig. 6 B) is set respectively.The interval of this each primary clearance X, with above-mentioned first embodiment in the same manner, be set to, smaller or equal to the buckling critical length X by the area of section of the exposed division of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the blank 1 that under the state before the moving of each drift 30 of beginning, between the fixed mould 10 of the leading section 20a of each guide way 20 and correspondence, exposes o
Then, shown in Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B, by two drift drive units 50,50 are moved simultaneously two drifts 30,30 are moved simultaneously on one side, drift 30 with correspondence pressurizes in the axial direction to each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 respectively, on one side by two guide way drive units 40,40 being moved simultaneously make each guide way 20 to move simultaneously to the rightabout 25 of the moving direction 35 of the drift 30 of correspondence respectively.Thus, the part of the circumferential surface of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the blank 1 that exposes between the leading section 20a of each guide way 20 and fixed mould 10 touches with the side 22a of the projection piece 22 of corresponding guide way 20, thereby contacting part hole enlargement reservations 2 and projection piece 22 for blank 1 suppresses hole enlargement, under this state, each the hole enlargement reservations 2 to blank 1 in the shaping recess 12 of correspondence are carried out hole enlargement simultaneously.
At this, begin when mobile to begin when mobile from each drift 30 till to guide way 20 during in time delay t is set oThat is, when hole enlargement reservations 2 pressurizations that begin by 30 pairs of blanks 1 of each drift, at first,, then, each drift 30 is moved with the fixed-site of each guide way 20, by the drift 30 of correspondence respectively to each hole enlargement reservations 2 pressurization simultaneously in the axial direction of blank 1.Then, the elapsed time postpones t oAfter, continue by the hole enlargement reservations 2 of each drift 30 pair blanks 1 to pressurize on one side, each guide way 20 is moved on one side to the rightabout 25 of the moving direction 30 of the drift 30 of correspondence.In addition, the translational speed of each guide way 20, the control device of the guide way drive unit 40 by correspondence is controlled, and makes the buckling critical length by the area of section smaller or equal to the exposed division of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the blank 1 that exposes between the leading section 20a of each guide way 20 and the fixed mould 10.In addition, when having determined processing conditions, can use cylinder, the mechanical cam that can access as the certain speed of design flow.
Be accompanied by moving of each drift 30 and each guide way 20, shown in Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B, suppress under the state of hole enlargement at contacting part each hole enlargement reservations 2 and guide way projection piece 22 blank 1, each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 (specifically, blank 1 except the part each hole enlargement reservations 2 and contacting part guide way projection piece 22) in the shaping recess 12 of correspondence gently by hole enlargement, the material of these hole enlargement reservations 2 is full of in the shaping recess 12.
Then, shown in Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B,, arrive the stop position X of the design volume leading section that try to achieve, drift 30 of the wide diameter portion 3 by correspondence with respect to fixed mould 10 when the leading section of each drift 30 pThe time, stop to move of drift 30; In addition, as the leading section 20a of each guide way 20, arrive the stop position X of the leading section 20a of, guide way 20 determined with respect to fixed mould 10 by design gThe time, stop to move of guide way 20.At this moment, the material of each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 is full of in the corresponding shaping recess 12 fully, and these each hole enlargement reservations 2 are design shape (promptly cylindrical) by hole enlargement.
By above step, finished upsetting processing to two hole enlargement reservations 2,2 of blank 1.
Next, by blank 1 is taken off from fixed mould 10, just obtained the upsetting processed goods 6B of hope as shown in Figure 9.
In this second embodiment, the leading section of each drift 30 is with respect to the stop position X of fixed mould 10 pWith the leading section 20a of guide way 20 stop position X with respect to fixed mould 10 gConsistent.In addition in the present invention, X pWith X gAlso can be inconsistent.
In addition, preferred, each guide way 20 from beginning the average translational speed G when mobile, satisfy above-mentioned formula (i).
So, in the upsetting processing method of above-mentioned second embodiment, respectively each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 are pressurizeed in the axial direction simultaneously by the drift 30 of one side by correspondence, each guide way 20 is moved to the rightabout 25 of the moving direction 35 of the drift 30 of correspondence respectively, thereby two hole enlargement reservations 2,2 to blank 1 are carried out hole enlargement simultaneously, so can efficient be manufactured on the double-head piston preform upsetting processed goods 6B that the axial direction both sides are formed with wide diameter portion 3,3 respectively well.
In addition, in the above-described 2nd embodiment, projection piece 22 is set at respectively on the regulation position of two guide waies 20,20, but in the present invention, projection piece 22 also can be arranged on the regulation position of any one guide way 20 in two guide waies 20,20.
Figure 10～14th is used to illustrate the skeleton diagram of the upsetting processing method of having used the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.
In Figure 10,1C is the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of the 3rd embodiment, the 1st, and blank.In addition, in Figure 14,6C is the upsetting processed goods of making by upsetting processing unit (plant) 1C.This upsetting processed goods 6C is as the preform of the mechanical arm that is used to make automobile, be that the mechanical arm of automobile uses with preform.In other words, this upsetting processing unit (plant) 1C can be described as the manufacturing installation of the mechanical arm of automobile with preform.
About the formation of the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1C of the 3rd embodiment, below be the center with the difference of the device 1B of the device 1A of itself and above-mentioned first embodiment and above-mentioned second embodiment, describe.
Blank 1, identical with the blank of above-mentioned first embodiment as shown in figure 10, be straight club-shaped material, its section shape is circular.
The hole enlargement reservations 2 of this blank 1 are positioned at the axial direction both sides of blank 1, specifically, are positioned at the both ends of blank 1, and the both ends that is to say blank 1 are hole enlargement reservations 2,2.So, be separately design shape by each hole enlargement reservations 2,2 hole enlargement with blank 1, as shown in figure 14, formed discoideus wide diameter portion 3,3 at the both ends of blank 1.This each wide diameter portion 3, it only is expanded to circular-arc in the width both sides of blank 1, do not expand at thickness direction.
In addition, in upsetting processed goods 6C, the linking part (for example lining installation portion) that is connected with miscellaneous part that each wide diameter portion 3 correspondence the automobile mechanical arm, as the axial direction pars intermedia position, blank 1 of not implementing hole enlargement processing of blank 1, corresponding with the axial region 4 of automobile mechanical arm.
Upsetting processing unit (plant) 1C, be the hole enlargement reservations 2,2 of the axial direction both sides of blank 1 to be upset to forge the device of processing respectively, possess: fixed mould 10, two 40,40 and two drift drive units 50,50 of 30,30, two guide way drive units of 20,20, two drifts of guide way.
On fixed mould 10 and above-mentioned second embodiment similarly, extend and connect fixed mould 10 ground to be provided with blank fixing with embedded hole 11 along the axial direction of fixed mould 10.
In addition, at the axial direction both ends of this fixed mould 10, be respectively arranged with the shaping recess 12 that the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the correspondence of blank 1 is configured as design shape (promptly discoideus).
In addition, in the edge of opening portion of each embedded hole 11 of fixed mould 10, spread all over whole circumference and implement chamfer machining, therefore, the section shape of this edge part forms round.11a is the chamfer machining portion that is formed at this edge part.
Each guide way 20 and above-mentioned second embodiment similarly have inserting hole 21.
In addition, the edge of opening portion at the inserting hole 21 of the leading section 20a of each guide way 20 implements chamfer machining.21a is the chamfer machining portion that is formed at this edge part.
In addition, on the place of a pair of mutual subtend of the leading section 20a of each guide way 20, the outstanding hole enlargement of axial direction that forms oriented guide way 20 respectively suppresses with projection piece 22,22.In the present embodiment, the thickness direction both sides at the leading section 20a of each guide way 20 have formed projection piece 22,22 respectively.
On the other hand, on the place as a pair of mutual subtend of the circumferential surface 12a of forming face of the recess 12 that respectively is shaped of fixed mould 10, be provided with along the slip slot part 13,13 that the axial direction of fixed mould 10 extends and each projection piece 22,22 of corresponding guide way 20 can insert on the axial direction of fixed mould 10 sliding freely.In the present embodiment, the circumferential surface 12a of the recess 12 that respectively is shaped of fixed mould 10 in the thickness direction both sides of fixed mould 10, be respectively arranged with slip slot part 13,13.And, continuous with each slip slot part 13 on fixed mould 10, be provided with sliding eye portion 14, it extends on the axial direction of fixed mould 10.
In addition, with the side 22a of the projection piece 22 of each guide way 20, form and corresponding of the circumferential surface shape of the corresponding wide diameter portion 2 of blank 1.Therefore, the side 22a of this each projection piece 22 forms, and inserts at projection piece 22 under the state of corresponding slip slot part 13, is linked to be a face in a circumferential direction with the circumferential surface 12a of corresponding shaping recess 12.In the present embodiment, the side 22a of each projection piece 22, corresponding with the circumferential surface shape of corresponding discoideus wide diameter portion 3, form plane.
The formation of each drift 30, each drift drive unit 50 and each guide way drive unit 40 is identical with above-mentioned second embodiment.
Use the upsetting processing method of the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1A of above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment, identical with above-mentioned second embodiment, omit its explanation.In addition, in this 3rd embodiment, the pre-portion 2,2 of each hole enlargement of blank 1 is discoideus by hole enlargement.
So, in the upsetting processing method of above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment, by respectively each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 being pressurizeed in the axial direction simultaneously with corresponding drift 30 on one side, each guide way 20 is moved to the rightabout 25 of the moving direction 35 of the drift 30 of correspondence respectively, thereby two hole enlargement reservations 2,2 to blank 1 are carried out hole enlargement simultaneously, so can efficient be manufactured on the mechanical arm preform (upsetting processed goods 6C) that the axial direction both sides are formed with the automobile of wide diameter portion 3,3 respectively well.
Figure 15～Figure 18 is the skeleton diagram that is used to illustrate the upsetting processing method of having used the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of the 4th embodiment of the present invention.
In Figure 15,1D is the related upsetting processing unit (plant) of the 4th embodiment.In Figure 15, to the identical additional identical label of key element of inscape of the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1B of second embodiment of Fig. 6 A～shown in Figure 9.Below, about the formation of the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1D of this 4th embodiment, be the center with the difference of the formation of the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1B of itself and above-mentioned second embodiment, describe.
The upsetting processed goods that upsetting processing unit (plant) 1D by the 4th embodiment makes is identical with upsetting processed goods 6B shown in Figure 9.
In this 4th embodiment, blank 1 is the pole shape, specifically is middle solid pole shape.This blank 1 is made by rolled parts, for example by Rolling roller roll forming be the pole shape, the blank that promptly obtains by pressure roller roll forming.And then this blank 1 specifically is made of casting rolling spare, more specifically, is to cast the continuous casting rolled piece that rolling produces continuously by known Pu Luopoze aluminum steel to constitute.But in the present invention, rolled parts is not limited to cast the continuous casting rolled parts that rolling is made continuously by the Pu Luopoze aluminum steel, also can be the rolled parts that is produced by other method.
In addition, so-called casting rolling spare is meant rolling mo(u)lding and the blank that produces.In this case, as mo(u)lding, can use the mo(u)lding that for example obtains by known casting methods such as directional solidification casting methods.
This blank 1 is a pole shape as described above, and promptly the section shape of blank 1 is circular (circular substantially), and when looking the section of blank 1 when enlarging as shown in Figure 16, the section shape of blank 1 is the above polygonal of hexagon.Therefore, the circularity of this blank 1 is compared low with the blank that extrusion by the pole shape constitutes.
The upsetting processing unit (plant) 1D of the 4th embodiment, as shown in figure 15, the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1B that possesses second embodiment (with reference to whole inscapes of Fig. 6 A～Fig. 9), also has two heaters 70,70,80,80 and two lubricant attachment devices 90,90 of two cooling devices.
In addition, as shown in figure 16, the section shape of the inserting hole 21 of each guide way 20 is circular.The circularity of this inserting hole 21 is set as to be compared higher with the circularity of the section of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1.In addition, it is identical with the maximum gauge of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 that the diameter of this inserting hole 21 is set as, or bigger a little size.Therefore, as shown in figure 16,2 slotting the leading under the state of inserting hole 21 of hole enlargement reservations with blank 1, between the circumferential surface of surface of hole enlargement reservations 2 (circumferential surface) and inserting hole 21, certainly lead to tiny gap K.
Two heaters 70,70, identical each other formation.Each heater 70 is to device on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, that heat partly with the corresponding position 2a of leading section 20a of guide way 20.Heater 70 is the induction heating apparatuses 71 that have load coil 72 and supply with the power supply unit 73 of alternating current (perhaps alternating voltage) to this coil 72.In addition, the 74th, the lead of binding load coil 72 and power supply unit 73.
On the surface of load coil 72, be coated with the insulating barrier (not diagram) that constitutes by insulating tape etc.And this coil 72 is configured with the state around inserting hole 21 at the leading section 20a of guide way 20, specifically is embedded among the leading section 20a of guide way 20.
Guide way 20 with and leading section 20a, the non-conductive material that is had stable on heating hard by for example pottery etc. constitutes, perhaps the conductive material (for example heating resisting metal material) that has a stable on heating hard by steel etc. constitutes.
This induction heating apparatus 71 constitutes, when by power supply unit 73 when coil 72 is supplied with the electric current (voltage) of assigned frequencies (high frequency, low frequency etc.), by coil 72, on the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, carry out eddy-current heating partly with the corresponding position 2a of leading section 20a of guide way 20.And this induction heating apparatus 71 constitutes, can be by making increases such as electric current supply amount to coil 72, thus the induction heating temperature of the regulation position 2a of blank 1 is raise, 2a is heated to the semi-molten state partly with this position.
Two cooling devices 80,80, identical each other formation.Each cooling device 80, be on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, with the device that more cools off than leading section 20a of guide way 20 by the corresponding position 2b in position of base end side.This cooling device 80, have be arranged on guide way 20 than leading section 20a more by the cooling fluid circulation flow path 81 of the inside at the position of base end side.So, constitute, circulate in this cooling fluid circulation flow path 81 by making cooling fluids such as cooling water, the regulation position 2b of blank 1 is cooled off.
Two lubricant attachment devices 90,90, identical each other formation.Each lubricant attachment device 90 is to make lubricant be attached to the device of circumferential surface of the inserting hole 21 of guide way 20.
But in the present invention, each lubricant attachment device 90, in addition, also can be to make lubricant be attached to the device on surface of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, also can be to make lubricant be attached to device on this two side of surface of hole enlargement reservations 2 of the circumferential surface of inserting hole 21 of guide way 20 and blank 1.
Lubricant is used to make the frictional resistance between the circumferential surface of the surface of hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 and inserting hole 21 to reduce.As this lubricant, can use for example fluid lubricant such as oily lubricant, give an example particularly, can use " graphitic lubricant (oildag) " (trade name) of Japanese ア チ ソ Application (acheson) Co., Ltd. system, " ダ Off ニ-ダ イ Na De ロ-" (trade name) of the industrial Co., Ltd. of bright dipping system etc.
Lubricant attachment device 90 has: the nozzle 91 of ejection lubricant and to the lubricant supply unit 92 of these nozzle 91 supply of lubricant.So constitute, by from nozzle 91 ejection lubricants, lubricant is sprayed onto and the circumferential surface attached to inserting hole 21 on.
Next, the upsetting processing method of the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1D of the 4th embodiment describes to having used originally below.
At first, from the nozzle 91 of lubricant attachment device 90 circumferential surface ejection lubricant, make this lubricant be sprayed onto and be attached on about whole circumference surface of inserting hole 21 towards the inserting hole 21 of each guide way 20.In addition, also can make lubricant further be sprayed onto and be attached to the surface of each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1.
Then, as shown in figure 15, by with blank 1 to embed the blank of fixed mould 10 as the axial direction pars intermedia of non-hole enlargement reservations fixing with in the embedded hole 11, fixing blank 1 on fixed mould 10 makes blank 1 can unpredictably not move in the axial direction.Thus, each the hole enlargement reservations 2 with blank 1 are disposed at respectively in the corresponding shaping recess 12.
Then, each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 are inserted respectively lead in the inserting hole 21 of the guide way 20 of correspondence, thus, with the buckling blocked state and slidably keep each hole enlargement reservations 2 in the axial direction movably, and the projection piece 22 of each guide way 20 is inserted corresponding slip slot part 13 and sliding eye portion 14 respectively in turn.In this state, as shown in figure 16, be attached to the lubricant of the circumferential surface of inserting hole 21, gap K between the circumferential surface of the inserting hole 21 of the circumferential surface of each the hole enlargement reservations 2 that enters blank 1 under the effect of capillarity etc. and each guide way 20, this lubricant temporarily is stored in the K of gap.
Then, supply with the electric current of assigned frequencies to the coil 72 of each induction heating apparatus 71 by power supply unit 73, thus with on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, with the corresponding position 2a of leading section 20a of guide way 20 partly eddy-current heating to set point of temperature.Thus, the deformation drag at the 2a place, this position of blank 1 reduces partly.
This heating-up temperature so long as the temperature that the deformation drag of the regulation position 2a of blank 1 is reduced gets final product, does not limit, if the suitable heating-up temperature of concrete expression for example is then as described below.
For example, when the material of blank 1 is aluminium or aluminium alloy, can enumerate 200～580 ℃ (especially preferred 350～540 ℃) etc. as the scope of suitable heating-up temperature.And then, when the regulation position 2a with blank 1 is heated to the semi-molten state, can enumerate 580～625 ℃ (especially preferred 600～615 ℃) etc. as the scope of suitable heating-up temperature.But in the present invention, heating-up temperature is not limited to above-mentioned scope.
And then, circulate in the cooling fluid circulation flow path 71 of each cooling device 70 by the cooling fluids such as cooling water that make normal temperature, thus on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, with more the cooling off partly of guide way 20 by the corresponding position 2b in position of base end side than leading section 20a.Thus, can suppress the reduction of deformation drag at the 2b place, respectively this position of blank 1.
As the scope of suitable chilling temperature, can enumerate for example 30～80 ℃ (especially preferred 40～60 ℃) etc.But in the present invention, chilling temperature is not limited to above-mentioned scope.
Next, keeping such state, by with the identical step of upsetting processing method shown in above-mentioned second embodiment, two hole enlargement reservations 2,2 to blank 1 are carried out hole enlargement simultaneously in shaping recess 12,12.
Next, by blank 1 is taken off from fixed mould 10, just obtained the upsetting processed goods 1B of hope as shown in Figure 9.
In this upsetting processing method, preferred, each guide way 20 from beginning the average translational speed G when mobile, satisfy above-mentioned formula (i).
So the upsetting processing method of above-mentioned the 4th embodiment is removed the advantage of the upsetting processing method with above-mentioned second embodiment, also has following advantage.
That is, because being rolled parts by the pole shape, blank 1 constitutes, so can obtain or make blank 1 at an easy rate.Therefore, can cut down finished cost.
And then blank 1 is made of casting rolling spare, so can further obtain or make blank 1 at an easy rate.Therefore, can further cut down finished cost.And, because blank 1 is to be made of the continuous casting rolled parts that casts the rolling manufacturing by the Pu Luopoze aluminum steel continuously, can further obtain or make blank 1 at an easy rate.Therefore, can further cut down finished cost.
Thus, according to the upsetting processing method of this 4th embodiment, can provide cheap upsetting processed goods.
And, this blank 1, to compare circularity lower with the blank of the pole shape that is made of extrusion.Therefore, when inserting the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 in the inserting holes 21 that lead at guide way 20, between the circumferential surface of the surface of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 and inserting hole 21, will inevitably produce gap K.Therefore, both to touch area little, thereby the frictional resistance that slides in the axial direction in inserting hole 21 when mobile when the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 is less, so can reduce forming pressure.Consequently, (with reference to Fig. 6 A) can use small-sized device as the drift drive unit 50 that drift 30 is moved, thus the space is set can seeks save spaceization of upsetting processing unit (plant) 1D.
Also have, because can reduce forming pressure, so there is following advantage.That is, suppose under the bigger situation of forming pressure that the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 are owing to the situation that the plus-pressure from drift 30 is damaged by pressure takes place often in the inserting hole 21 of guide way 20.So, the part of the material of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 enters the gap between the circumferential surface of the circumferential surface of drift 30 and inserting hole 21, the result, the problem that exists is, forming pressure increases, even drift 30 becomes and can not be in inserting hole 21 moves on compression aspect, causes and can not process.At this, by reducing forming pressure, such problem is no longer taken place, thereby can carry out upsetting processing well in whole length areas blank 1.
And, because be attached with lubricant, so have following advantage at the circumferential surface of the inserting hole 21 of guide way 20.Promptly, as mentioned above, because between the circumferential surface of the surface of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 and inserting hole 21, produce gap K, enter in the K of this gap so be attached to the lubricant of the circumferential surface (the perhaps surface of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1) of inserting hole 21, and temporary transient the storage.Thus, promote the diffusion into the surface of lubricant to the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the circumferential surface of inserting hole 21 and blank 1.That is, be accompanied by and add man-hour blank 1 hole enlargement reservations 2 and slide in the axial direction in inserting hole 21 and move, the lubricant in the K of gap can be to the diffusion into the surface of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of the circumferential surface of inserting hole 21 and blank 1.Thus, the frictional resistance between the surface of hole enlargement reservations 2 of the circumferential surface of inserting hole 21 and blank 1 can be reduced reliably, promptly forming pressure can be reduced reliably.
And, by on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, carry out eddy-current heating partly with the corresponding position 2a of leading section 20a of guide way 20, only make in each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, the position 2a place deformation drag corresponding with the leading section 20a of guide way 20 reduce partly, therefore, can further reduce forming pressure.
On the other hand because in the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, with more not being heated of guide way 20 by the corresponding position 2b in position of base end side than leading section 20a, so deformation drag does not reduce.Therefore, can prevent because the increase of the forming pressure that the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 are produced to the expansion of the radial direction outside the inserting hole 21 of guide way 20 in because of the plus-pressure from drift 30, can also prevent that in addition the part owing to the material of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 from entering the increase of the forming pressure that is produced in the gap between the circumferential surface of the circumferential surface of drift 30 and inserting hole 21.Therefore, much less under the short situation of the length of the hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, even if under long situation, also can reduce forming pressure reliably.
And, because carry out eddy-current heating, so can be reliably and extremely efficiently the regulation position 2a of blank 1 is heated by the regulation position 2a of 72 pairs of blanks 1 of load coil of the leading section 20a that is disposed at guide way 20.
And, in the present invention, can be by improving heating-up temperature, the regulation position 2a of blank 1 is heated to the semi-molten state partly.In this case, can reduce forming pressure significantly.In addition, the upsetting of this moment processing can be listed the category of thixotropic forming in.
And, by by on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of 80 pairs of blanks 1 of cooling device, with more the cooling off partly of guide way 20 by the corresponding position 2b in position of base end side than leading section 20a, thereby this position 2b that can suppress blank 1 reliably is heated.Consequently, can suppress the reduction of deformation drag at the 2b place, this position of blank 1 reliably.
In the above-described 4th embodiment, carry out eddy-current heating partly by position 2a on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of 71 pairs of blanks 1 of induction heating apparatus, corresponding with the leading section 20a of guide way 20.Yet in the present invention, in addition, for example also can heat partly by the leading section 20a of 72 pairs of each guide waies 20 of coil of induction heating apparatus 71, thus, the heat by the leading section 20a of guide way 20 heats partly to position 2a on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, corresponding with the leading section 20a of guide way 20.That is, be passed to this position 2a of blank 1 by heat, thereby this position 2a of blank 1 is heated partly the leading section 20a of guide way 20.In this case, can be reliably and efficiently this position 2a of blank 1 is heated.In addition, in this case, the leading section 20a of preferred guide way 20 has stable on heating conductive material (for example, hear resistance metal material) by for example steel etc. to constitute.
More than, though several embodiments of the present invention is illustrated, the present invention is not limited to the situation shown in the above-mentioned embodiment, can make various setting changes.
For example, upsetting processing unit (plant) involved in the present invention, be not to be defined in the device of using preform as the double-head piston of making compressor with the mechanical arm of preform, automobile, can be to be used as to make various industrial products preforms, for example use the device of preform with preform, bent axle as making connecting rod.
In addition, in the present invention, the hole enlargement reservations of blank also can be positioned at the axial direction pars intermedia of blank, by utilizing upsetting processing method involved in the present invention these hole enlargement reservations are carried out hole enlargement, at the axial direction pars intermedia formation wide diameter portion of blank.
In addition, in the present invention, hole enlargement suppresses can be arranged on projection piece 22 place of the leading section 20a of guide way 20, also can be arranged on the many places (for example 2～10 places) of the leading section 20a of guide way 20.
In addition, in the present invention, can under blank is heated to the state of set point of temperature, carry out hole enlargement, also can under the state that does not heat blank, the hole enlargement reservations to blank carry out hole enlargement the hole enlargement reservations of blank.That is, upsetting processing method involved in the present invention can be the hot upset forging processing method, also can be the cold upsetting processing method.
In addition, in the present invention, fixed mould 10 and guide way 20 can be divided into a plurality of.In addition, fixed mould 10 and guide way 20 cut apart quantity and split position, can be set at various according to the shape of upsetting processed goods.
Embodiment
Next, below, specific embodiment of the present invention represented.But the present invention is defined in the situation shown in this embodiment.
Prepare the blank 1 that diameter with the manufacturing of Pu Luopoze aluminum steel continuous casting rolling is equivalent to 12mm by the pole shape that constitutes by extrusion of blank 1 that casts the pole shape that rolled parts constitutes continuously and diameter 12mm.The material of each blank 1 is the aluminium alloy according to the alloy numbering A6061 of JIS (JIS).Then, use the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1D of above-mentioned the 4th embodiment that these blanks 1 are carried out pier roughing.Then, the required at that time forming pressure of investigation.Its result represents in table 1.In addition, the length of each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1 is 200mm.
Table 1
The kind of blank Mode of heating Heating-up temperature Cooling Forming pressure
Embodiment
1 Rolled parts Local heat 500℃ Have 4.3×10 7 Pa
Embodiment
2 Rolled parts Whole heating 400℃ Do not have 6.7×10 8 Pa
Embodiment
3 Extrusion Local heat 500℃ Have 8.0×10 7 Pa
Embodiment
4 Extrusion Whole heating 400℃ Do not have 8.0×10 8Pa
At this, in " mode of heating " hurdle in table 1, so-called " local heat " be meant by on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of 72 pairs of blanks 1 of load coil, carry out the situation of eddy-current heating partly with the corresponding position 2a of leading section 20a of guide way 20.On the other hand, so-called " whole heating " be meant by heating furnace and heat whole blank 1, then, and the situation that this blank 1 of heated condition is placed among the upsetting processing unit (plant) 1D rapidly and carries out upsetting processing.
In addition, in " cooling " hurdle, so-called " having " is to instigate cooling fluid to circulate the cooling fluid circulation flow path 81 of each guide way 20 in, thus, on each hole enlargement reservations 2 of blank 1, with the situation of more leaning on the corresponding position 2b in position of base end side to cool off than leading section 20a of guide way 20.So-called " nothing " is meant the situation that does not have cooling.
As shown in table 1, use the situation (embodiment 1 and 2) of the blank 1 that constitutes by the continuous casting rolled parts, compare with the situation (embodiment 3 and 4) of using the blank 1 that constitutes by extrusion, can reduce forming pressure.
In addition, carry out the situation (embodiment 1 and 3) of local heat, compare, can reduce forming pressure with the situation embodiment 2 and 4 that carries out whole heating.
This application, advocate that on January 31st, 2005, the Japanese patent application laid of proposition was willing to 2005-24121 number, and on February 4th, 2005 No. 60/649,553, the U.S. Provisional Application that proposes priority, its disclosed content has intactly constituted the application's a part.
Must recognize, in this employed term and expression, use in order to describe, can not be used to carry out limited explanation, can not get rid of feature item any shown here and explanation and be equal to replacement, also allow the various distortion in claim scope of the present invention.
Utilize possibility on the industry
The present invention goes for can be to the hole enlargement reservations of blank in a circumferential direction unevenly the upsetting processing method of hole enlargement and upsetting processing unit (plant).

Claims (39)

1. a upsetting processing method is characterized in that,
Use such upsetting processing unit (plant), promptly, this device possesses fixed mould, guide way and drift, described fixed mould is fixed bar-shaped blank, described guide way has with the buckling blocked state inserts the logical inserting hole that keeps the hole enlargement reservations of blank, and is provided with integratedly to the outstanding hole enlargement of the axial direction of guide way on the part of the leading section of guide way and suppresses to use projection piece;
The hole enlargement reservations that are fixed on the blank in the fixed mould are inserted logical remaining in the inserting hole of guide way;
Then, make drift move, the hole enlargement reservations of blank be pressurizeed in the axial direction on one side by this drift, guide way is moved on one side to the rightabout of the moving direction of drift, to the hole enlargement reservations of the blank that between the leading section of guide way and fixed mould, exposes, under the state that suppresses hole enlargement for contacting part these hole enlargement reservations and the guide way projection piece, carry out hole enlargement thus.
2. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The shaping recess is set, and the circumferential surface of this shaping recess is provided with along the slip slot part that the axial direction of fixed mould extends and the projection piece of guide way can insert sliding freely at the axial direction of fixed mould on fixed mould;
To form face with the side of the part projection piece that touch, guide way of the circumferential surface of the hole enlargement reservations of blank corresponding to the circumferential surface shape of the wide diameter portion of blank;
The hole enlargement reservations that are fixed on the blank in the fixed mould are configured in the shaping recess and the hole enlargement reservations of blank are inserted logical remaining in the inserting hole of guide way, and the projection piece of guide way is inserted the slip slot part;
Then, the hole enlargement reservations to blank are carried out hole enlargement in the shaping recess.
3. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The average translational speed from beginning when mobile of drift is made as P,
The average translational speed from beginning when mobile of guide way is made as G,
The buckling critical length by the area of section of the hole enlargement reservations of the blank that upsetting processing is preceding is made as X o,
The leading section and the primary clearance between the fixed mould of guide way are made as X (wherein, 0≤X≤X o),
The length of the blank before the upsetting processing that wide diameter portion is required is made as L o,
To be made as X with respect to the stop position of fixed mould according to the design volume of wide diameter portion leading section that try to achieve, drift p,
The leading section of the guide way that will be determined by design is made as X with respect to the stop position of fixed mould g,
To be made as t from the time delay that drift begins when mobile till guide way begins when mobile o(wherein, 0≤t o),
At this moment, G satisfies G=(X g-X) P/ (L o-X p-Pt o) formula.
4. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The hole enlargement predetermined position of blank is in the axial direction both sides of this blank;
Each the hole enlargement reservations that is fixed on the blank in the fixed mould are inserted logical remaining in the inserting hole of each guide way respectively;
Then, with each drift simultaneously each hole enlargement reservations of blank in the axial direction pressurizeed on one side, each guide way is moved to the rightabout of the moving direction of the drift of correspondence respectively, simultaneously two hole enlargement reservations of blank are carried out hole enlargement thus.
5. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 1 is characterized in that, has implemented chamfer machining in the inserting hole edge of opening portion of the leading section of guide way.
6. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 1 is characterized in that, has implemented chamfer machining in the fixing edge of opening portion with embedded hole of blank that is arranged on the fixed mould.
7. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 1 is characterized in that, blank is made of the rolled parts of pole shape.
8. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 7 is characterized in that, rolled parts is a casting rolling spare.
9. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 7 is characterized in that, rolled parts is the continuous casting rolled parts.
10. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 7 is characterized in that, is attached with under the state of lubricant on the surface of the hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of the inserting hole of guide way or/and blank, and the hole enlargement reservations of blank are carried out hole enlargement.
11. the upsetting processing method according to claim 1 is put down in writing is characterized in that, on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, carry out partly under the heated state hole enlargement reservations of blank being carried out hole enlargement with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
12. the upsetting processing method according to claim 11 is put down in writing is characterized in that, by induction heating apparatus on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, carry out eddy-current heating partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
13. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, by the leading section of guide way being carried out eddy-current heating partly with induction heating apparatus, thus on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
14. the upsetting processing method according to claim 11 is put down in writing is characterized in that, with on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, be heated to the semi-molten state partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
15. the upsetting processing method of putting down in writing according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, by cooling device to state on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, that cool off with the corresponding position, following position of guide way under, hole enlargement reservations to blank are carried out hole enlargement, and the described position of guide way is the position of the ratio leading section of guide way by base end side.
16. a upsetting processing unit (plant), it can carry out hole enlargement to the hole enlargement reservations of bar-shaped blank, it is characterized in that,
Possess: the fixing fixed mould of blank,
Have the guide way of inserting the inserting hole that leads to the hole enlargement reservations that remain secured to the blank in the fixed mould with the buckling blocked state,
To insert the hole enlargement reservations lead to the blank in the inserting hole of guide way the drift of axial direction pressurization and
The guide way drive unit that guide way is moved to the rightabout of the moving direction of drift;
On the part of the leading section of guide way, be provided with integratedly to the outstanding hole enlargement of the axial direction of guide way and suppress to use projection piece,
And, the projection piece of guide way, by when the hole enlargement of the hole enlargement reservations of blank, the part of the circumferential surface of hole enlargement reservations and the side of projection piece touch, and suppress hole enlargement for the contacting part hole enlargement reservations and projection piece.
17. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 16 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Fixed mould is provided with the shaping recess, and, at the circumferential surface of this shaping recess, be provided with along the axial direction of fixed mould and extend and the projection piece of guide way can be at the slip slot part of the axial direction free sliding ground of fixed mould insertion;
The side of the projection piece of guide way is formed face corresponding to the circumferential surface shape of the wide diameter portion of blank.
18. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 16 is put down in writing is characterized in that, has implemented chamfer machining in the inserting hole edge of opening portion of the leading section of guide way.
19. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 16 is put down in writing is characterized in that, fixing edge of opening portion with embedded hole has implemented chamfer machining at the blank that is arranged at fixed mould.
20. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 16 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Blank is made of the rolled parts of pole shape;
Possess and make the lip-deep lubricant attachment device of lubricant attached to the hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of the inserting hole of guide way or/and blank.
21. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 20 is put down in writing is characterized in that rolled parts is a casting rolling spare.
22. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 20 is put down in writing is characterized in that, rolled parts is the continuous casting rolled parts.
23. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 16 is put down in writing is characterized in that, possesses heater on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, that heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
24. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 23 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Heater is the induction heating apparatus with load coil,
Constitute, by induction heating apparatus on the hole enlargement reservations, carry out eddy-current heating partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
25. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 23 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Heater is the induction heating apparatus with load coil,
Constitute, by the leading section of guide way being carried out eddy-current heating partly by induction heating apparatus, thereby on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
26. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 23 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Heater, can with on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, be heated to the semi-molten state partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
27. the upsetting processing unit (plant) of putting down in writing according to claim 23, it is characterized in that, possess on the hole enlargement reservations of blank, with the cooling device that cool off at the corresponding position, following position of guide way, the described position of guide way is the position of the ratio leading section of guide way by base end side.
28. a upsetting processing unit (plant), it can carry out hole enlargement respectively to each hole enlargement reservations of the axial direction both sides of bar-shaped blank, it is characterized in that,
Possess: the fixing fixed mould of blank,
Have two guide waies inserting the inserting hole that leads to each the hole enlargement reservations that remains secured to the blank in the fixed mould with the buckling blocked state respectively,
To insert lead to the blank in the inserting hole of each guide way each hole enlargement reservations respectively two drifts of axial direction pressurization and
Two guide way drive units that each guide way is moved to the rightabout of the moving direction of the drift of correspondence respectively;
On the part of the leading section of at least one guide way in two guide waies, be provided with integratedly to the outstanding hole enlargement of the axial direction of guide way and suppress to use projection piece,
And, the projection piece of guide way, by when the hole enlargement of the hole enlargement reservations of blank, the part of the circumferential surface of hole enlargement reservations and the side of projection piece touch, and suppress hole enlargement for the contacting part hole enlargement reservations and projection piece.
29. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 28 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Fixed mould is provided with two shaping recesses, and, the circumferential surface of at least one the shaping recess in these two shaping recesses is provided with along the slip slot part that the axial direction of fixed mould extends and the projection piece of guide way can insert sliding freely at the axial direction of fixed mould;
The side of the projection piece of guide way is formed face corresponding to the circumferential surface shape of the wide diameter portion of blank.
30. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 28 is put down in writing is characterized in that, has implemented chamfer machining in the inserting hole edge of opening portion of the leading section of each guide way.
31. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 28 is put down in writing is characterized in that, fixing edge of opening portion with embedded hole has implemented chamfer machining at the blank that is arranged at fixed mould.
32. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 28 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Blank is made of the rolled parts of pole shape;
Possess and make lip-deep two the lubricant attachment devices of lubricant attached to each hole enlargement reservations of the circumferential surface of the inserting hole of each guide way or/and blank.
33. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 32 is put down in writing is characterized in that rolled parts is a casting rolling spare.
34. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 32 is put down in writing is characterized in that, rolled parts is the continuous casting rolled parts.
35. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 28 is put down in writing is characterized in that, possesses two heaters on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, that heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
36. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 35 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Each heater is the induction heating apparatus with load coil,
Constitute, by induction heating apparatus on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, carry out eddy-current heating partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
37. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 35 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Each heater is the induction heating apparatus with load coil,
Constitute, by the leading section of each guide way being carried out eddy-current heating partly by induction heating apparatus, thereby on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, heat partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
38. the upsetting processing unit (plant) according to claim 35 is put down in writing is characterized in that,
Each heater, can with on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, be heated to the semi-molten state partly with the corresponding position of leading section of guide way.
39. the upsetting processing unit (plant) of putting down in writing according to claim 35, it is characterized in that, possess on each hole enlargement reservations of blank, with two cooling devices that cool off at the corresponding position, following position of guide way, the described position of guide way is the position of the ratio leading section of guide way by base end side.
CNB2006800037211A 2005-01-31 2006-01-30 Upsetting processing method and upsetting processing unit (plant) Expired - Fee Related CN100542710C (en)

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