CN100528776C - Process of treating sewage with animal's excrement - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于畜禽类粪便污水处理的方法。按厌氧+物化+生化的三级处理工艺对畜禽类粪便污水进行处理：污水经固液分离，分离后的液体进行兼氧、厌氧处理、厌氧+NH3-N的吹脱，气浮，曝气器散曝，二沉池的污泥回流的工艺过程。CODCr的去除率达到90%以上、BOD5的去除率可达90%、NH3-N的去除率在85%左右，污泥量增长迅速、平衡、稳定、工作效率高，解决了当前表曝、鼓风曝气、接触氧化等存在的较多不足之处，管理方便，运行成本低。达标出水可进氧化塘养鱼进一步净化水体，也可消毒后回用冲洗畜禽舍。
The invention discloses a method for treating livestock and poultry feces and sewage. Livestock and poultry feces and sewage are treated according to the three-stage treatment process of anaerobic + physicochemical + biochemical: the sewage is separated from solid and liquid, and the separated liquid is subjected to facultative and anaerobic treatment, anaerobic + NH 3 -N stripping, The technological process of air flotation, diffuse aeration with aerator, and sludge return from the secondary settling tank. The removal rate of COD Cr reaches more than 90%, the removal rate of BOD 5 reaches 90%, and the removal rate of NH 3 -N is about 85%. There are many deficiencies in aeration, blast aeration, contact oxidation, etc. It is easy to manage and low in operating costs. The effluent that reaches the standard can be fed into the oxidation pond to raise fish to further purify the water body, and it can also be reused after disinfection to wash the livestock and poultry house.
Description
一、技术领域： 1. Technical field:
本发明用于畜禽类粪便污水处理的方法，涉及的是畜禽类粪便污水处理的技术领域，应用于畜禽类粪便污水的处理，尤其适用于高浓度的畜禽类粪便污水的处理。The method for treating livestock and poultry manure and sewage according to the invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure and sewage treatment, is applied to the treatment of livestock and poultry manure and sewage, and is especially suitable for the treatment of high-concentration livestock and poultry manure and sewage.
二、背景技术： 2. Background technology:
近年来随着人们生活水平的日趋提高，全国很多大城市都建立了“菜篮子”工程。这个工程的建立和迅速发展壮大，使城市郊区出现了一大批副食品基地，它们为丰富和稳定城市的副食品市场、繁荣市场经济做出了重大贡献。如上海市去年鲜蛋自给率达到80％以上，肉禽自给率达到91％以上，都是极有力的见证。In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, many large cities across the country have established "vegetable basket" projects. The establishment and rapid development of this project have resulted in a large number of non-staple food bases in the suburbs of the city, which have made great contributions to enriching and stabilizing the city's non-staple food market and prospering the market economy. For example, the self-sufficiency rate of fresh eggs in Shanghai last year reached more than 80%, and the self-sufficiency rate of meat and poultry reached more than 91%, which are extremely powerful witnesses.
各畜禽场为大力发展生产，提高产品质量和数量，积极采取了各种有力措施，如采用现代化的新技术和设备，全价配合饲料选用最佳杂交组合，严格实行兽医防疫保健措施，以求全进全出，有计划、有节奏地连续流水式的工厂化生产形式等。但由于“菜篮子”工程的建设，一般都是在市场供应困难得紧迫形势下，在资金短缺的情况下仓促上马的，有关领导和管理人员对畜禽发展与资源利用同环境的关系的认识上存在一定的局限性，致使畜禽类粪便污水对畜禽场周围环境造成严重污染，既影响了周围居民的生活，也直接影响了畜禽场本身的防疫。因此，如何综合治理好这些场地的环境，是摆在发展“菜篮子”工程面前不可忽视的严峻的问题。In order to vigorously develop production and improve product quality and quantity, various livestock and poultry farms have actively adopted various effective measures, such as adopting modern new technologies and equipment, choosing the best hybrid combination for full-price compound feed, and strictly implementing veterinary epidemic prevention and health care measures. Seeking all in, all out, planned, rhythmic continuous flow of factory production, etc. However, because the construction of the "vegetable basket" project is generally launched hastily under the urgent situation of difficult market supply and shortage of funds, the relevant leaders and managers have no understanding of the relationship between the development of livestock and poultry, resource utilization and the environment. There are certain limitations, resulting in the serious pollution of livestock and poultry feces and sewage to the surrounding environment of the livestock and poultry farm, which not only affects the lives of the surrounding residents, but also directly affects the epidemic prevention of the livestock and poultry farm itself. Therefore, how to comprehensively manage the environment of these sites is a serious problem that cannot be ignored in front of the development of the "vegetable basket" project.
三、发明内容： 3. Contents of the invention:
本发明的目的在于克服上述畜禽类粪便污水对畜禽场周围环境造成严重污染的缺陷，采用厌氧+物化+生化的三级工艺处理畜禽类粪便污水。其特征在于：所述的处理方法，按厌氧+物化+生化的三级畜禽类粪便污水处理，兼氧厌氧，采用多级串联式组合的折流形式，污水经固液分离器进行固液分离，分离后的液体进行兼氧、厌氧处理，降解BOD5、CODCr，厌氧+NH3-N的吹脱，采用多级折流式厌氧发酵消化的形式，液体自流进入厌氧进口的生料区，与厌氧出水的物化厌氧泥混合后厌氧出水，进行气浮，气浮后污水进入生化池、二沉池，进行泥水分离后的污泥回流到生化池，处理后的水排放。气浮池采用深层高效全溶气气浮法，污水与混凝剂及空气同时均匀进入溶气罐，在2.5kg/cm2的压力下，气浮高度5-9米，强迫其分子均匀结合，形成溶气水，进入气浮反应区完成泥水分离，澄清水进生化池，污泥回入厌氧进口处；土建工程按固液分离器-兼氧-厌氧-气浮-中间池-生化池-二沉池的顺序排列，厌氧-气浮之间设有厌氧+NH3-N的吹脱。实施该技术后的明显效果是：厌氧反应中，从实验数据总结，停留三天后，CODCr去除率一般在60％-75％，NH3-N经厌氧后曝气处理，吹脱NH3-N后，其去除率在85％左右。厌氧反应区扩大到停留时间为六天时，CODCr的去除率可达70-85％，而NH3-N的去除率在85％左右，CODCr去除率明显提高。采用深层高效全溶气气浮法，溶气效果达90％以上，CODCr的去除率≥60％，而且比较稳定。同时采用生化曝气器设备，充氧主要是靠水泵的流量和扬程，负压吸气，它的供氧部分采用射流原理，气水比可达1∶1.2，使池下的生化泥强力翻动，冲撞，基本上溶解氧稳定在3mg/L以上，半小时活性污泥沉降量可达到50％左右，氧的利用率较高，另外，由于二沉池返回的回流生化污泥通过管道与空气中的氧在压力下紧密接触，形成溶气水状，使生化池上、中、下水体达到溶解氧均匀，气水分离速度慢，污泥活化复苏快，污泥量增长迅速、平衡、稳定，工作效率高，可以大量吸附分解和去除水体中有害物质，处理效果稳定。再者，采用生化曝气器用的水泵，噪声较表曝、鼓风曝气、接触氧化低，占地面积少，设备简单，无阻塞、不需液下维修，不像接触氧化那样每年要投资更换和增补垫料，管理相对方便，运行成本低。达标出水可进氧化塘养鱼进一步净化水体，也可消毒后回用冲洗畜禽舍。The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects that livestock and poultry feces and sewage cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment of livestock and poultry farms, and adopt a three-stage process of anaerobic + physicochemical + biochemical processes to treat livestock and poultry feces and sewage. It is characterized in that: the treatment method is based on the three-stage livestock and poultry feces sewage treatment of anaerobic + physicochemical + biochemical, aerobic and anaerobic, and adopts the baffle form of multi-stage series combination, and the sewage is processed by a solid-liquid separator Solid-liquid separation, the separated liquid undergoes facultative and anaerobic treatment, degrades BOD 5 , COD Cr , anaerobic + NH 3 -N stripping, adopts the form of multi-stage baffle anaerobic fermentation and digestion, and the liquid flows into the The anaerobic imported raw material area is mixed with the anaerobic effluent physicochemical anaerobic mud and anaerobic effluent is carried out for air flotation. After air flotation, the sewage enters the biochemical tank and the secondary sedimentation tank, and the sludge after the mud-water separation is returned to the biochemical tank , the treated water is discharged. The air flotation tank adopts the deep-layer high-efficiency fully dissolved air flotation method. The sewage, coagulant and air enter the dissolved air tank evenly at the same time. Under the pressure of 2.5kg/ cm2 , the air flotation height is 5-9 meters, forcing its molecules to combine evenly. Dissolved air water is formed and enters the air flotation reaction zone to complete the separation of mud and water, clarified water enters the biochemical tank, and the sludge returns to the anaerobic inlet; civil engineering is based on solid-liquid separator-facultative oxygen-anaerobic-air flotation-intermediate tank-biochemical Tanks - secondary settling tanks are arranged in sequence, and anaerobic + NH 3 -N stripping is provided between anaerobic and air flotation. The obvious effect after implementing this technology is: in the anaerobic reaction, from the experimental data, after staying for three days, the COD Cr removal rate is generally 60%-75%, NH 3 -N is aerated after anaerobic treatment, blowing off NH After 3 -N, its removal rate is about 85%. When the anaerobic reaction zone is extended to a residence time of six days, the removal rate of COD Cr can reach 70-85%, while the removal rate of NH 3 -N is about 85%, and the removal rate of COD Cr is obviously improved. The deep-layer high-efficiency full-dissolved air flotation method is adopted, the effect of dissolved air is more than 90%, and the removal rate of COD Cr is ≥60%, and it is relatively stable. At the same time, biochemical aerator equipment is used. Oxygenation mainly depends on the flow and lift of the water pump, and negative pressure suction. Its oxygen supply part adopts the jet flow principle, and the air-water ratio can reach 1:1.2, so that the biochemical mud under the pool can be turned over strongly. Collision, basically the dissolved oxygen is stable above 3mg/L, the settlement amount of activated sludge can reach about 50% in half an hour, and the utilization rate of oxygen is high. The oxygen is in close contact under pressure to form a dissolved gas water, so that the upper, middle and lower water bodies of the biochemical pool can achieve uniform dissolved oxygen, the gas-water separation speed is slow, the sludge activation and recovery are fast, and the sludge volume increases rapidly, balanced and stable. With high efficiency, it can adsorb, decompose and remove harmful substances in the water body in large quantities, and the treatment effect is stable. In addition, the water pump used for biochemical aerators has lower noise than surface aeration, blast aeration, and contact oxidation, and occupies less area. The equipment is simple, non-blocking, and does not require submerged maintenance. It is relatively convenient to replace and supplement litter, and the operation cost is low. The effluent that reaches the standard can be fed into the oxidation pond to raise fish to further purify the water body, and it can also be reused after disinfection to wash the livestock and poultry house.
附：本方法处理效果如下：Attachment: The processing effect of this method is as follows:
1、畜禽类污水排放国家排放标准以及上海市排放标准如下：1. The national discharge standards for livestock and poultry sewage and the discharge standards of Shanghai are as follows:
2、本方法处理效果如下(以上海市航头种猪联营场验收检测综合报告数据为例)：2. The processing effect of this method is as follows (taking the comprehensive report data of the inspection and testing of Shanghai Hangtou Breeding Pig Cooperative Farm as an example):
四、附图说明： 4. Description of drawings:
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
五、具体实施方式： 5. Specific implementation methods:
以下结合附图以鸡粪污水的处理为例，对本发明作进一步描述：Take the treatment of chicken manure sewage as an example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
见附图1，根据设计，进行土建工程，按固液分离器-兼氧-厌氧-气浮-中间池-生化池-二沉池的顺序排列，厌氧兼氧工段采用多级串联式组合的折流形式，厌氧-气浮之间设有厌氧+NH3-N的吹脱。生化池设计池深为8m，设备采用生化曝气器，充氧主要是靠水泵的流量和扬程，负压吸气，它的供氧部分采用射流原理，气水比达1∶1.2。See attached drawing 1, according to the design, the civil works are carried out in the order of solid-liquid separator-concultary oxygen-anaerobic-flotation-intermediate tank-biochemical tank-secondary sedimentation tank, and the anaerobic and concurrent oxygen section adopts multi-stage series Combined baffle form, anaerobic + NH 3 -N stripping is provided between anaerobic and air flotation. The biochemical pool is designed with a depth of 8m, and the equipment adopts a biochemical aerator. The oxygenation mainly depends on the flow and head of the water pump, and negative pressure suction. Its oxygen supply part adopts the jet flow principle, and the air-water ratio reaches 1:1.2.
参照附图1，鸡粪污水按厌氧+物化+生化的三级工艺进行处理。首先，兼氧-厌氧池采用多级串联式组合的折流形式，鸡粪污水经固液分离器分离后，固体运出作固体有机肥料加工，分离后液体自流入兼氧厌氧进口区，进口兼氧区可看作是一个初步混合的系统，然后进入厌氧区。厌氧池为串联的多段系统，采用折流式上下隔墙，下组水体流经隔墙，上下翻动与厌氧泥充分冲撞，达到充分完成厌氧作用，使流水无断路现象，厌氧池出口区投放石灰水或碱，调整PH值的同时，厌氧-气浮之间进行厌氧+NH3-N的吹脱，使大量的氨、氮在吹脱中去除；这种池系统可将固体有机物在发酵作用下酸化后将有机质蛋白质分离，分子结构裂解，为降解BOD5、CODCr两者创造较好的条件，使得单位池容积的有害物质去除率和大肠杆菌去除率较高，减少出水水质的大幅度波动。尤其在厌氧气浮之间设厌氧+NH3-N吹脱，使多级折流式厌氧发酵充分消化。也就是液体自流进入厌氧进口的生料区与厌氧出水的物化厌氧泥混合后，逐步迎入厌氧区。厌氧池建于地面标高下，一年四季保温性好。在此工段，从实际运行数据总结，畜禽污水在厌氧反应中，其停留三天后，CODCr去除率一般在60％-75％，NH3-N经厌氧后曝气处理吹脱NH3-N设备后其去除率在85％左右。而厌氧反应区扩大到停留时间为六天时，CODCr的去除率可达70-85％，而NH3-N的去除率在85％左右，CODCr去除率明显提高。如果停留时间超过六天，其CODCr和NH3-N去除率的上升并不明显。因此我们认为畜禽粪便污水厌氧工段处理的最佳停留时间为六天，这时达到处理效果的最佳点。对产生的沼气处理采用排空或脱硫燃烧。第二步气浮采用深层高效全溶气气浮法，气浮高度7米，因污水经厌氧工段处理的出水SS很高，水体混浊，投加硫酸铅与亚铁，使气浮中的SS全部浮出水面。我们从实验中发现，采用深层高效全溶气气浮法，污水与混凝剂及空气同时均匀进入溶气罐，在2.5kg/cm2的大压力下，溶气效果达90％以上，强迫其分子均匀结合，形成溶气水，在气浮池中释放时，SS与水体中的有害分子均在微气泡的吸附情况下上浮浮出水面，COD的去除率≥60％，而且比较稳定。第三，气浮出水进入中间池。在中间池投加石灰水、镁、磷进行曝气，大幅度降低氨氮，同时，在中间池将气浮出水进行一定量的贮存，起到气浮与生化之间的过渡搭桥作用，有利于后续生化进水能稳定运行。生化装置，根据高浓度活性污泥处理法原理，其CODCr的去除率基本上稳定在80％以上。生化池设计池深为8m，设备采用生化曝气器，充氧主要是靠水泵的流量和扬程，负压吸气，它的供氧部分采用射流原理，气水比可达1∶1.2，它的气水泥进入生化曝气器中段管线，在压力下收缩，按HCR曝气器原理使水体形成初级溶气水，再到下一段采用散曝手段，扩散到池底喷出后翻动。该气水泥是经5个喷口喷出，喷出距离达2m，使池下的生化泥被强力翻动、冲撞，生化池基本上溶解氧稳定在3mg/L以上(一般生化的溶解氧则在2.0mg/L左右)，半小时活性污泥沉降量可达到50％左右，(一般生化的半小时污泥沉降量则在20％以下)，氧的利用率较高。另外，二沉池污泥返回生化池使生化池有足够的高浓度活性污泥。二沉池的作用是将生化出水进行泥水分离，分离后下沉的活性污泥回流返回生化池继续工作，使生化处理效果更佳和性能更稳定，确保畜禽污水的达标治理。达标出水可进氧化塘养鱼进一步净化水体，也可消毒后回用冲洗畜禽舍。With reference to accompanying drawing 1, chicken manure sewage is processed by the three-stage process of anaerobic+physicochemical+biochemical. First of all, the facultative-anaerobic tank adopts the baffle form of multi-stage series combination. After the chicken manure sewage is separated by the solid-liquid separator, the solid is transported out for solid organic fertilizer processing. After separation, the liquid flows into the facultative-anaerobic inlet area. , the inlet facultative zone can be regarded as a system of initial mixing, and then enters the anaerobic zone. The anaerobic pool is a series-connected multi-section system, which adopts baffled upper and lower partition walls. The lower group of water flows through the partition wall, flips up and down and fully collides with the anaerobic mud to fully complete the anaerobic effect, so that the flowing water does not have a circuit breaker. The anaerobic pool Put lime water or alkali in the outlet area, adjust the PH value, and perform anaerobic + NH 3 -N stripping between anaerobic and air flotation, so that a large amount of ammonia and nitrogen can be removed in the stripping; this pool system can After the solid organic matter is acidified under the action of fermentation, the organic protein is separated and the molecular structure is cracked to create better conditions for the degradation of BOD 5 and COD Cr , so that the removal rate of harmful substances and E. coli per unit volume is higher. Reduce large fluctuations in effluent water quality. In particular, anaerobic + NH 3 -N blow-off is set between anaerobic flotation to fully digest the multi-stage baffled anaerobic fermentation. That is to say, the liquid flows into the anaerobic inlet raw material area and mixes with the physical and chemical anaerobic mud of the anaerobic effluent, and then gradually enters the anaerobic area. The anaerobic pool is built below the ground level and has good heat preservation throughout the year. In this section, based on the actual operation data, the COD Cr removal rate is generally 60%-75% after the livestock sewage stays in the anaerobic reaction for three days. The removal rate of 3 -N equipment is about 85%. When the anaerobic reaction zone is expanded to a residence time of six days, the removal rate of COD Cr can reach 70-85%, while the removal rate of NH 3 -N is about 85%, and the removal rate of COD Cr is significantly improved. If the residence time exceeds six days, the increase of COD Cr and NH 3 -N removal rate is not obvious. Therefore, we believe that the optimal residence time for the anaerobic treatment of livestock and poultry manure sewage is six days, which is the best point for the treatment effect. Evacuation or desulfurization combustion is used to treat the generated biogas. The second step of air flotation adopts the deep-layer high-efficiency fully dissolved air flotation method, and the air flotation height is 7 meters. Because the effluent SS of the sewage treated by the anaerobic section is very high, the water body is turbid, and lead sulfate and ferrous iron are added to make the air flotation SS all surfaced. We found from the experiment that by adopting the deep-layer high-efficiency fully dissolved air flotation method, the sewage, coagulant and air enter the dissolved air tank evenly at the same time. Its molecules are evenly combined to form dissolved air water. When released in the air flotation tank, SS and harmful molecules in the water body will float to the surface under the adsorption of microbubbles. The removal rate of COD is ≥60%, and it is relatively stable. Third, the air floats out of the water and enters the middle pool. Add lime water, magnesium, and phosphorus in the middle tank for aeration to greatly reduce ammonia nitrogen. At the same time, store a certain amount of air flotation water in the middle tank, which acts as a bridge between air flotation and biochemistry, and has a certain effect. It is beneficial to the stable operation of the subsequent biochemical water intake. Biochemical device, according to the principle of high-concentration activated sludge treatment method, its COD Cr removal rate is basically stable above 80%. The design depth of the biochemical pool is 8m, and the equipment adopts a biochemical aerator. The oxygenation mainly depends on the flow and head of the water pump, and negative pressure suction. Its oxygen supply part adopts the jet flow principle, and the air-water ratio can reach 1:1.2. The air cement enters the middle pipeline of the biochemical aerator, shrinks under pressure, and makes the water body form primary dissolved air water according to the principle of the HCR aerator, and then uses diffuse aeration in the next section, diffuses to the bottom of the pool, sprays out and turns over. The air cement is sprayed through 5 nozzles, and the spraying distance is up to 2m, so that the biochemical mud under the pool is strongly turned and collided, and the dissolved oxygen in the biochemical pool is basically stable above 3mg/L (the dissolved oxygen in general biochemical is 2.0mg) /L or so), the half-hour activated sludge settlement can reach about 50%, (general biochemical half-hour sludge settlement is below 20%), and the utilization rate of oxygen is relatively high. In addition, the sludge from the secondary settling tank is returned to the biochemical tank so that the biochemical tank has enough high-concentration activated sludge. The function of the secondary settling tank is to separate the biochemical effluent from mud and water. After the separation, the sinking activated sludge returns to the biochemical tank to continue working, so that the biochemical treatment effect is better and the performance is more stable, ensuring the standard treatment of livestock and poultry sewage. The effluent that reaches the standard can be fed into the oxidation pond to raise fish to further purify the water body, and it can also be reused after disinfection to wash the livestock and poultry house.
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