CN100508186C - 贴片式发光二极管及制造方法 - Google Patents

贴片式发光二极管及制造方法 Download PDF

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CN100508186C
CN100508186C CNB2007100281414A CN200710028141A CN100508186C CN 100508186 C CN100508186 C CN 100508186C CN B2007100281414 A CNB2007100281414 A CN B2007100281414A CN 200710028141 A CN200710028141 A CN 200710028141A CN 100508186 C CN100508186 C CN 100508186C
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吴纬国
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Guangzhou Nanker Integrated Electronic Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种额定电压高、可直接与电源相连接的贴片式发光二极管及制造方法。该发光二极管包括支架(1)、LED芯片(2),支架(1)包括壳体(10)、两个引脚(11、12)、散热柱(13),散热柱(13)嵌入壳体(10)且上下贯穿壳体(10),LED芯片(2)包括硅衬底(20)、阳极接点(21)、阴极接点(22)和若干个LED裸芯片(23),硅衬底(20)固定于上散热柱(13)上,阳极接点(21)、阴极接点(22)分别与两个引脚(11、12)相连接,LED裸芯片(23)之间串联或串并联组合连接。该制造方法包括制作框架、上芯片、引线键合、上荧光粉、上保护胶、弯脚、切筋的步骤。本发明可广泛应用于LED照明领域。

Description

贴片式发光二极管及制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种贴片式发光二极管及其制造方法。
背景技术
发光二极管即LED,由于其具有体积小、亮度高、耗电少的优点正越来越普遍的应用于照明领域。由于常用的LED线路板均为铝基板,铝基板本身是导体,因而在集成芯片的加工过程中极易短路,无法实现LED裸芯片的串联连接,而目前的LED裸芯片的额定电压均在4V以下,因此要将LED应用于照明一般将若干个发光二极管串联起来再接入电压较高的电源或与外部控制电路相连接再接入电源,即单个LED无法直接与电压较高的电源相连接,这限制了LED作为照明光源的应用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种额定电压高、可直接与电源相连接的贴片式发光二极管。
另外,本发明还提供一种制造该贴片式发光二极管的方法。
本发明贴片式发光二极管所采用的技术方案是:本发明贴片式发光二极管包括支架、LED芯片、覆盖于所述LED芯片上的荧光粉、保护胶,所述支架包括壳体、两个引脚,所述支架还包括散热柱,所述散热柱嵌入所述壳体且上下贯穿所述壳体,所述LED芯片包括硅衬底、阳极接点、阴极接点和若干个LED裸芯片,所述硅衬底固定于所述散热柱上,所述阳极接点、所述阴极接点分别通过金属引线与两个所述引脚相连接,所述LED裸芯片之间串联或串并联组合连接。
所述贴片式发光二极管还包括光学透镜,所述光学透镜包罩于所述LED芯片的外部且所述光学透镜内部充满所述保护胶。
所述LED裸芯片包括衬底和N型外延层、P型外延层,所述硅衬底顶面于每个所述LED裸芯片处有两个分离的沉积金属层,所述LED裸芯片正装或倒装焊接在各所述金属层上,所述硅衬底于每个所述LED裸芯片处有一个阱区,所述金属层与所述硅衬底的结合区分别还有一个掺杂的隔离层,所述隔离层位于所述阱区内,各所述LED裸芯片对应的所述金属层之间设有阻挡层,所述金属层分别引出所述阳极接点、所述阴极接点。
所述衬底为砷化镓或碳化硅衬底,所述衬底直接焊接在所述金属层上,所述P型外延层通过金属线对应焊接在相邻的一个所述金属层上;或者,所述P型外延层、所述N型外延层分别通过焊球倒装焊接在所述金属层上;或者,所述衬底为氧化铝衬底,所述衬底正装焊接或粘贴在所述金属层上,所述P型外延层、所述N型外延层分别通过金属线焊接在相邻的所述金属层上。
本发明贴片式发光二极管的制造方法所采用的技术方案是:它包括以下步骤:
(a)制作框架:在同一片镂空金属框架上形成若干个纵横均布排列的所述支架,所述支架的所述壳体通过筋与所述框架相连接;
(b)上芯片:将所述LED芯片的所述硅衬底固定于所述上散热柱上;
(c)引线键合:将所述LED芯片的所述阳极接点、所述阴极接点分别与两个所述引脚相固定连接;
(d)上荧光粉:将所述荧光粉覆盖于所述LED芯片上;
(e)上保护胶:将硅胶或树脂作为所述保护胶直接覆盖于所述壳体上部;
(f)弯脚:将所述引脚折弯成型,使其与使用状态形状一致;
(g)切筋:将所述壳体与所述框架相连接的所述筋切断,使所述贴片式发光二极管成为各个独立元件。
步骤(e)还包括安装光学透镜,将所述光学透镜固定于所述壳体上,并将所述保护胶填充注满于所述光学透镜内。
本发明的有益效果是:由于本发明贴片式发光二极管所述支架包括散热柱,所述散热柱嵌入所述壳体且上下贯穿所述壳体,所述LED芯片包括硅衬底、阳极接点、阴极接点和若干个LED裸芯片,所述硅衬底固定于所述散热柱上,所述阳极接点、所述阴极接点分别通过金属引线与两个所述引脚相连接,所述LED裸芯片之间串联或串并联组合连接,一般一个LED裸芯片的额定电压均在4V以下,以3.0~3.3V居多,所述LED裸芯片之间串联后其总的额定电压成若干倍增加,如果照度仍达不到要求,还可以在串联的基础上再进行并联,这样由于额定电压提高,使得单个LED可直接与电压较高的电源相连接,而不需要外围电路,连接简单,故障率低,故本发明额定电压高、可直接与电源相连接;如果外部电压仍超过本发明的贴片式发光二极管的电压,也可将多个贴片式发光二极管相串联,直至与外部电压相近似以达到节省损耗及简化外部电路的目的;
由于本发明所述LED芯片的所述硅衬底于每个所述LED裸芯片处有一个阱区,所述金属层与所述硅衬底的结合区分别还有一个掺杂的隔离层,所述隔离层位于所述阱区内,各所述LED裸芯片对应的所述金属层之间设有阻挡层,即每个所述LED裸芯片处对应的所述金属层其极性不一定相同,因此每个所述LED裸芯片相互间可以产生串联或串并联组合连接,避免了采用在一块金属衬底上各个LED裸芯片只能并联连接无法实现串联及串并联组合连接的弊端;所述隔离层既用于隔离所述金属层与所述硅衬底,防止所述金属层之间漏电或短路,同时所述隔离层与其所在的所述阱区之间也构成一个静电保护二极管,起到在封装过程中静电保护的作用;由于本发明所述LED裸芯片之间串联或串并联组合连接,在功率LED应用上可采用制造成本较低的小芯片集成,比采用一个LED裸芯片的功率型LED芯片的成本更低,每个所述LED裸芯片通过与其连接的所述金属线或焊球将热量传到所述金属层或直接通过所述LED裸芯片的所述衬底将热量传到所述金属层,并通过所述隔离层将热量传递给所述硅衬底,所述硅衬底再将热量传递到所述散热柱,所述散热柱除可依靠本身散热,还可连接外部散热片以增加散热效果,因此散热效果好,避免温度过高,使用寿命长,故本发明集成度高、散热效果好、使用寿命长。
附图说明
图1a是本发明实施例一、二、三贴片式发光二极管的侧面结构示意图;
图1b是本发明实施例四、五、六贴片式发光二极管的侧面结构示意图;
图2是本发明支架的立体结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例一LED芯片的正面结构示意图;
图4是图3所示LED芯片沿A—A方向的剖视图;
图5是本发明实施例二LED芯片的正面结构示意图;
图6是图5所示LED芯片沿B—B方向的剖视图;
图7是本发明实施例三LED芯片的正面结构示意图;
图8是图7所示LED芯片沿C—C方向的剖视图;
图9是本发明实施例四LED芯片的正面结构示意图;
图10是图9所示LED芯片沿D—D方向的剖视图;
图11是本发明实施例五LED芯片的正面结构示意图;
图12是图11所示LED芯片沿E—E方向的剖视图;
图13是本发明实施例六LED芯片的正面结构示意图;
图14是图13所示贴片式发光二极管沿F—F方向的剖视图;
图15是本发明贴片式发光二极管制造过程中LED芯片与框架的连接结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
如图1a、图2、图3、图4所示,本实施例的贴片式发光二极管包括支架1、LED芯片2、覆盖于所述LED芯片2上的荧光粉5、保护胶6,所述保护胶6采用硅胶或树脂,所述支架1包括壳体10、两个引脚11、12、散热柱13,所述壳体10采用绝缘材料制成,所述散热柱13嵌入所述壳体10且上下贯穿所述壳体10。所述LED芯片2为正装LED集成芯片,包括硅衬底20、阳极接点21、阴极接点22和12个LED裸芯片23,所述硅衬底20固定于所述散热柱13上,所述阳极接点21、所述阴极接点22分别通过金属引线与两个所述引脚11、12相连接,所述LED裸芯片23之间采用先每三个并联成一组,再将四组相串联连接的连接方式,这样,所述阳极接点21、所述阴极接点22之间的额定电压是单个LED裸芯片的4倍,即可以直接接于12V直流电源上,因此可应用于汽车上作为光源,而不需要外围电路,因此使用方便,连接简单,故障率低,节省功耗。所述LED裸芯片23包括砷化镓(GaAs)衬底230和N型外延层231、P型外延层232,当然,所述衬底230也可以为碳化硅(SiC)衬底,即所述LED裸芯片23为单电极芯片,所述硅衬底20为N型硅衬底,所述硅衬底20顶面于每个所述LED裸芯片23处有两个分离的沉积金属层24,所述LED裸芯片23正装焊接在各所述金属层24上,即所述衬底230直接焊接在所述金属层24上,所述P型外延层232通过金属线41对应焊接在相邻的一个所述金属层24上,所述硅衬底20于每个所述LED裸芯片23处有一个P型阱区阱区27,所述金属层24与所述硅衬底20的结合区分别还有一个掺杂磷或砷等材料的N型隔离层25,所述隔离层25位于所述阱区27内,用于隔离所述金属层24与所述硅衬底20,防止所述金属层24之间漏电或短路,同时所述隔离层25将所述LED裸芯片23传给所述金属层24的热量再传递给所述硅衬底20,起到良好的导热、散热作用,另外所述隔离层25与其所在的所述阱区27之间也构成一个静电保护二极管,起到在封装过程中静电保护的作用,各所述LED裸芯片23对应的所述金属层24之间设有阻挡层26,防止所述金属层24之间漏电或短路,所述金属层24分别引出所述阳极接点21、所述阴极接点22。所述金属层24为金属铝,当然也可以采用金属铜或硅铝合金,所述金属层24既是电极、导电体,又是散热片,所述金属线41为金线,当然也可以为铝线或铜线。
当然,所述硅衬底20也可以为P型硅衬底,此时,所述阱区27为N型阱区,所述隔离层25为掺杂硼或二氟化硼等材料的P型隔离层。
本实施例的贴片式发光二极管的制造方法包括以下步骤:
(a)制作框架:如图15所示,在同一片镂空金属框架8上形成两列纵横均布排列的所述支架1,每个所述支架1的所述壳体10通过四条细连接筋81与所述框架8相连接,以便将所述支架1成版并规则定位;
(b)上芯片:将所述LED芯片2的所述硅衬底20固定于所述上散热柱13上;
(c)引线键合:将所述LED芯片2的所述阳极接点21、所述阴极接点22分别与两个所述引脚11、12通过引线键合相固定连接;
(d)上荧光粉:将所述荧光粉5覆盖于所述LED芯片2上;
(e)上保护胶:将硅胶或树脂作为所述保护胶6直接覆盖于所述壳体10上部;
(f)弯脚:将所述引脚11、12折弯成型,使其与使用状态形状一致,便于安装;
(g)切筋:将所述壳体10与所述框架8相连接的所述筋81切断,使成版的所述贴片式发光二极管成为各个独立元件。
实施例二:
如图5、图6所示,本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于:本实施例的贴片式发光二极管的所述LED芯片2为倒装LED集成芯片,所述P型外延层232、所述N型外延层231分别通过焊球42倒装焊接在所述金属层24上,所述焊球42为金球栓,当然也可以为铜球栓或锡球。
本实施例其余特征与实施例一相同。
实施例三:
如图7、图8所示,本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于:本实施例的贴片式发光二极管的所述衬底230为氧化铝(Al2O3)衬底,即所述LED裸芯片23为双电极芯片,所述衬底230正装焊接或粘贴在所述金属层24上,所述P型外延层232、所述N型外延层231分别通过金属线43、45焊接在相邻的所述金属层24上。
本实施例其余特征与实施例一相同。
实施例四:
如图1b、图9、图10所示,本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于:各所述LED裸芯片23之间通过所述金属层24的连接方式——本实施例各所述LED裸芯片23之间全部相串联连接,即所述阳极接点21和所述阴极接点22之间的所有LED裸芯片23相串联,这样,所述阳极接点21、所述阴极接点22之间的额定电压是单个LED裸芯片的12倍,即可以直接接于36~40V直流电源上,同样不需要外围电路。另外,本实施例所述贴片式发光二极管还包括光学透镜14,所述光学透镜14包罩于所述LED芯片2的外部且所述光学透镜14内部充满所述保护胶6,所述光学透镜14可采用多种角度,以提高聚光效果。
由此,本实施例贴片式发光二极管的制造方法在步骤(e)中还包括安装光学透镜,即将所述光学透镜14固定于所述壳体10上,并将所述保护胶6填充注满于所述光学透镜14内。
本实施例其余特征与实施例一相同。
实施例五:
如图11、图12所示,本实施例与实施例四的不同之处在于:本实施例的贴片式发光二极管的所述LED芯片2为倒装LED集成芯片,所述P型外延层232、所述N型外延层231分别通过焊球42倒装焊接在所述金属层24上,所述焊球42为金球栓,当然也可以为铜球栓或锡球。
本实施例其余特征与实施例四相同。
实施例六:
如图13、图14所示,本实施例与实施例四的不同之处在于:本实施例的贴片式发光二极管的所述衬底230为氧化铝(Al2O3)衬底,即所述LED裸芯片23为双电极芯片,所述衬底230正装焊接或粘贴在所述金属层24上,所述P型外延层232、所述N型外延层231分别通过金属线43、45焊接在相邻的所述金属层24上。
本实施例其余特征与实施例四相同。
当然,本发明贴片式发光二极管所述LED裸芯片23的具体连接方式和数量不限于以上实施例,实施例中仅是举例说明。比如,可根据实际需要,将12个所述LED裸芯片23之间采用先每两个并联成一组,再将六组相串联连接的连接方式,这样,可以直接接于18~20V直流电源上使用;还可以将40个所述LED裸芯片23之间全部相串联连接,这样,可以直接接于120V直流电源上使用。
本发明将若干个所述LED裸芯片23正装或倒装集成在一个所述硅衬底20上,并将所述LED芯片2连接在所述支架1上,使得单个LED额定电压高,可直接与电压较高的电源相连接,而不需要外围电路,连接简单,故障率低,且散热效果好,功耗低,使用寿命长。
本发明可广泛应用于LED照明领域。

Claims (8)

1、一种贴片式发光二极管,包括支架(1)、LED芯片(2)、覆盖于所述LED芯片(2)上的荧光粉(5)、保护胶(6),所述支架(1)包括壳体(10)、两个引脚(11、12),其特征在于:所述支架(1)还包括散热柱(13),所述散热柱(13)嵌入所述壳体(10)且上下贯穿所述壳体(10),所述LED芯片(2)包括硅衬底(20)、阳极接点(21)、阴极接点(22)和若干个LED裸芯片(23),所述硅衬底(20)固定于所述散热柱(13)上,所述阳极接点(21)、所述阴极接点(22)分别通过金属引线与两个所述引脚(11、12)相连接,所述LED裸芯片(23)之间串联或串并联组合连接。
2、根据权利要求1所述的贴片式发光二极管,其特征在于:所述贴片式发光二极管还包括光学透镜(14),所述光学透镜(14)包罩于所述LED芯片(2)的外部且所述光学透镜(14)内部充满所述保护胶(6)。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的贴片式发光二极管,其特征在于:所述LED裸芯片(23)包括衬底(230)和N型外延层(231)、P型外延层(232),所述硅衬底(20)顶面于每个所述LED裸芯片(23)处有两个分离的沉积金属层(24),所述LED裸芯片(23)正装或倒装焊接在各所述金属层(24)上,所述硅衬底(20)于每个所述LED裸芯片(23)处有一个阱区(27),所述金属层(24)与所述硅衬底(20)的结合区分别还有一个掺杂的隔离层(25),所述隔离层(25)位于所述阱区(27)内,各所述LED裸芯片(23)对应的所述金属层(24)之间设有阻挡层(26),所述金属层(24)分别引出所述阳极接点(21)、所述阴极接点(22)。
4、根据权利要求3所述的贴片式发光二极管,其特征在于:其特征在于:所述衬底(230)为砷化镓或碳化硅衬底,所述衬底(230)直接焊接在所述金属层(24)上,所述P型外延层(232)通过金属线(41)对应焊接在相邻的一个所述金属层(24)上。
5、根据权利要求3所述的贴片式发光二极管,其特征在于:所述P型外延层(232)、所述N型外延层(231)分别通过焊球(42)倒装焊接在所述金属层(24)上。
6、根据权利要求3所述的贴片式发光二极管,其特征在于:所述衬底(230)为氧化铝衬底,所述衬底(230)正装焊接或粘贴在所述金属层(24)上,所述P型外延层(232)、所述N型外延层(231)分别通过金属线(43、45)焊接在相邻的所述金属层(24)上。
7、一种用于制造权利要求1所述的贴片式发光二极管的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(a)制作框架:在同一片镂空金属框架(8)上形成若干个纵横均布排列的所述支架(1),所述支架(1)的所述壳体(10)通过筋(81)与所述框架(8)相连接;
(b)上芯片:将所述LED芯片(2)的所述硅衬底(20)固定于所述上散热柱(13)上;
(c)引线键合:将所述LED芯片(2)的所述阳极接点(21)、所述阴极接点(22)分别与两个所述引脚(11、12)通过引线键合相固定连接;
(d)上荧光粉:将所述荧光粉(5)覆盖于所述LED芯片(2)上;
(e)上保护胶:将硅胶或树脂作为所述保护胶(6)直接覆盖于所述壳体(10)上部;
(f)弯脚:将所述引脚(11、12)折弯成型,使其与使用状态形状一致;
(g)切筋:将所述壳体(10)与所述框架(8)相连接的所述筋(81)切断,使所述贴片式发光二极管成为各个独立元件。
8、根据权利要求7所述的贴片式发光二极管的制造方法,其特征在于:步骤(e)还包括安装光学透镜,将所述光学透镜(14)固定于所述壳体(10)上,并将所述保护胶(6)填充注满于所述光学透镜(14)内。
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