CN100499263C - Array antenna control device and array antenna device - Google Patents

Abstract

An array antenna device (100) includes an excitation element (A0) for receiving a radio signal transmitted, two non-excitation elements (A1, A2), and two variable reactance elements (12-1, 12-2) connected to the non-excitation elements (A1, A2), respectively. By changing the reactance value set in them, the directivity characteristic is changed. In order to obtain a diversity gain above a predetermined value according to the radio signal received, an antenna controller (10) selects and sets one reactance value set according to the signal quality of each radio signal for the two valuable reactance elements (12-1, 12-2) from a first case when a first reactance value set is set and a second case when a second reactance value set is set.

Description

The control device of array antenna and array antenna device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of control device and array antenna device of array antenna, the particularly a kind of control device and array antenna device of array antenna of a plurality of elements of space diversity that had the above realization of 3 elements.

Background technology

Be accompanied by the broadband of radio communication, the antenna assembly of being installed in the user terminals such as notebook-PC or pcmcia card is also required high function and high-performance.Necessary function can exemplify out for example removes the multichannel decay from the wireless signal that arrives.The multichannel decay is meant, will a plurality of routes, transmit from a ripple that signal source sent, and when signal is offset with amplitude and antiphase in acceptance point, the phenomenon that the current potential of generation sharply descends.Under the situation about in outdoor wireless base station, receiving, narrow by the angle expansion of the ripple that multi-path line arrived.But,, then can produce the arrival of the omnibearing multichannel ripple of 360 degree if user terminal apparatus is positioned at certain indoor environment.

The patent documentation and the non-patent literature of the look-ahead technique of being quoted in this specification are as described below.

(1) Japan specially permit out hope disclose 2002-No. 118414 communiques (below be called patent documentation 1.)。

(2) T.Ohira et al., " Electronically steerable passive array radiatorantennas for low-cost analog adaptive beamforming, " 2000 IEEE InternationalConference on Phased Array System ﹠amp; Technology pp.101-104, Dana point, California, May 21-25,2000 (below be called non-patent literature 1.)。

(3) big flat filial piety etc., " parasitic (the Electronically Steerable Parasitic) weight vector of equal value of antenna of electricity operation and the relevant basic fixed patternization of gradient thereof ", electronic information communication association technical research report, the distribution of electronic information communication association, AP2001-16, SAT2001-3, p.15-20,2002 year May (below be called non-patent literature 2).

(4) green hill Naoki etc., " use the simple and easy diversity reception mode of the COFDM that is bonded with each other between antenna element ", electronic information communication association comprehensive conference speech collection of thesis, the distribution of electronic information communication association, B-5-224, p.695 ,-30 days on the 27th March in 2002 (below be called non-patent literature 3.)。

(5) big flat filial piety etc., " weight vector of equal value of parasitic (the Electronically Steerable Parasitic) antenna of electricity operation and array factor performance formula ", electronic information communication association technical research report, AP2000-44, p.7-14,2002 year July (below be called non-patent literature 4).

(6) M.Murase et al., " Propagation and antenna measurements usingantenna switching and random field measurements ", IEEE Transactions onVehicular Technology, Vol.43 No.3, pp.537-541, August 1994 (below be called non-patent literature 5.)。

(7) new well grand it, " new antenna works ", pp.151-155, integrated electronics publishing house, the 1st edition distribution on April 9,1996 April in 1996 (below be called non-patent literature 6.)。

(8) A.J.Rustako et al., " Performance of feedback and switch spacediversity 900MHz FM mobile radio systems with Rayleigh fading ", IEEETransactions on Communication, Vol.COM-21, pp.1257-1268, November1973 (below be called non-patent literature 7.)。

(9) A.Afrashteh et al., " Performance of a novel selection diversitytechnique in an experimental TDMA system for digital portable radiocommunications ", Conference Record Globecom ' 88 Hollywood, pp.810-814, November 1988 (below be called non-patent literature 8.)。

(10) Y.Akaiwa, " Antenna selection diversity for framed digital signaltransmission in mobile radio channel ", Proceeding of 39th IEEE VehicleTechnology Conference, pp.470-473,1989 (below be called non-patent literature 9.)。

(11) J.G.Proakis, " Digital communications ", 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1955 (below be called non-patent literature 10.)。

(12) too youth's ball is true etc., " between the real-time empty of parasitic (the Electronically Steerable Parasitic) antenna of electricity operation to the relevant investigation of the projection in weight vector of equal value space ", the investigative technique report of electronic information communication association, the distribution of electronic information communication association, RCS2002-179, pp.43-48, in October, 2002 (below be called non-patent literature 11.)。

(13) big flat filial piety etc., " basic theories that is used for parasitic (ElectronicallySteerable Parasitic) antenna of two elements electricity operation of reactance diversity ", the investigative technique report of electronic information communication association, the distribution of electronic information communication association, AP2002-93, pp.13-18, in October, 2002 (below be called non-patent literature 12.)。

But, in order to be installed in mobile terminal device or the PC card etc., require this antenna assembly to satisfy: small-sized and light, can buy by the popular consumer goods price, and can bear restriction such as battery-driven low consumpting power action.As the antenna assembly that satisfies above restriction condition, for example have in patent documentation 1 and the non-patent literature 1,2,4, motion a kind of Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device (Electronically Steerable Passive Array Radiator Antenna).

This Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, has the exciting element that is transfused to wireless signal, be provided with from this given interval of exciting element distance, be not transfused to 6 non-exciting elements of wireless signal, and the array antenna that variable reactive element constituted that is connected with this non-exciting element respectively.By changing the reactance value of above-mentioned variable reactive element respectively, can change the directional property of this array antenna.In addition, even for example antenna element is spaced apart the two elements Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device at 1/10 narrow interval of wavelength, also have obtained the space diversity effect the report of numerical simulation example (with reference to non-patent literature 3.)。

Antenna assembly shown in patent documentation 1 and the non-patent literature 3 for the reactance value of determining to set, and carries out the adaptation control and treatment of trickle (roughly being continuous) variation reactance value.This adapts in the control and treatment, need complicated Processing Algorithm and the controller that is used to carry out, in addition, the DA transducer takes place to use in the control voltage that above-mentioned controller need be used for producing the reactance value signal that sets in the varicap, therefore, it is complicated that the formation of antenna assembly becomes, and the size of device and expense increase.

The antenna assembly of being announced in the non-patent literature 3 shown in Figure 51, is constituted with given spaced antenna element A0, A1 by two, as the antenna element A1 of non-exciting element, and is connected as the variable reactive element 12 of varicap for example.At this moment, input to the control voltage of variable reactive element 12, shown in Figure 52, can change the reactance value X1 of variable reactive element 12, still, exist as the input impedance Zin in the power supply port of the antenna A0 of exciting element also to change this problem by variation.Also promptly, in this two elements antenna assembly, have the variation corresponding to the reactance value that is loaded, to such an extent as to the altering a great deal of the input impedance of antenna assembly is unusual this big problem of difficulty of the matching Design that comprises electric power system.

In addition, in the two elements Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, about under two states, controlling reactance, select the higher side's of received power wherein control method, the method of being announced in the non-patent literature 12 is for example arranged, but for the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of 3 elements, its control method is very complicated, does not establish as yet.

In addition, in the 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device, wish to have a kind of small-sized light weight and extremely thin array antenna device.

Summary of the invention

The 1st purpose that the present invention is is, address the above problem, provide in the above Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of a kind of 3 elements, compared with former technology, hardware constitutes and controls very simple, can significantly improve and have the multichannel antenna gain in when decay, and the input impedance of antenna is accompanied by the variation of variable reactive element value and the control device of the array antenna that changes hardly.

In addition, the 2nd purpose of the present invention is, in 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device, provides a kind of small-sized light weight and extremely thin array antenna device.

The control device of the associated array antenna of the 1st invention, for have the exciting element that is used for receiving the wireless signal that is sent out, be set to above-mentioned exciting element only at interval with a plurality of non-exciting element at given interval and a plurality of variable reactive element that are connected respectively with above-mentioned each non-exciting element, by changing the reactance value that sets in above-mentioned each variable reactive element, above-mentioned each non-exciting element is moved as wave guide or reflector, and the control device of the array antenna of the directional property of variation array antenna.Here, the control device of above-mentioned array antenna is characterised in that, have according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, from a plurality of situations of setting many group reactance value groups respectively, according to the signal quality of each wireless signal that under above-mentioned a plurality of situations, is received, according to given selection reference, select 1 group in above-mentioned many group reactance value groups, be set in the controlling organization in above-mentioned a plurality of variable reactive element.In the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned a plurality of situation is according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, and allow the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna that substantial variations does not take place, and set the situation of many group reactance value groups respectively.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, the signal quality of above-mentioned each wireless signal is used signal strength signal intensity, signal power, signal to noise ratio, is comprised that ratio, carrier signal and noise ratio, the error rate, the frame error ratio of the noise of interference noise and signal, any in the packet error rate estimate.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned selection reference is that the signal quality of each wireless signal of being received under above-mentioned a plurality of situation is more than the given threshold value.Perhaps, above-mentioned selection reference, under the situation of any in the noise that the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is signal power, signal to noise ratio, comprise interference noise and ratio, carrier signal and the noise ratio of signal, select to allow this signal quality be peaked reactance value group.Perhaps, above-mentioned selection reference, the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is under any situation in the error rate, frame error ratio, the packet error rate, selects to allow this signal quality be the reactance value group of minimum value.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned controlling organization, when the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is discontented with given threshold value, select 1 reactance value group arbitrarily from above-mentioned many group reactance value groups, repeat the processing of above-mentioned selection, above-mentioned signal quality reaches given selection reference in selected reactance value group.Perhaps, above-mentioned controlling organization, when the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is discontented with given threshold value, from above-mentioned organize the reactance value groups according to 1 reactance value group of given selective sequential more, repeat the processing of above-mentioned selection, above-mentioned signal quality reaches given selection reference in this selected reactance value group.Perhaps, above-mentioned controlling organization, given range in change above-mentioned threshold value on one side, switch above-mentioned a plurality of situation on one side, the threshold value the when signal quality of above-mentioned each wireless signal is satisfied given selection reference is set at above-mentioned threshold value.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned array antenna has non-exciting element of even number and even number variable reactive element; The non-exciting element of above-mentioned even number is by at least 1 the 1st group of non-exciting element, with at least 1 the 2nd group of non-exciting element formation; The variable reactive element of above-mentioned even number, by the 1st group of variable reactive element that is connected with above-mentioned the 1st group of each non-exciting element respectively, and the 2nd group of variable reactive element that is connected with above-mentioned the 2nd group of each non-exciting element respectively constitutes.Here, above-mentioned a plurality of situations comprise and set the 1st situation of the 1st reactance value group with the 2nd group of variable reactive element to above-mentioned the 1st group, and set the 2nd situation of the 2nd reactance value group to above-mentioned the 1st group with the 2nd group of variable reactive element.In addition, above-mentioned controlling organization according to the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received respectively under the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd situation, is selected the reactance value group, is set in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd group of variable reactive element.

Here, as optimal way, above-mentioned array antenna, has the 1st and the 2nd non-exciting element, above-mentioned the 1st reactance value group constitutes for reactance value Xa, the Xb that the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd non-exciting element is set, and above-mentioned the 2nd reactance value group constitutes for reactance value Xb, the Xa that the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd non-exciting element is set.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned aerial array has from above-mentioned exciting element only at interval with given interval, and the identical in fact at interval set a plurality of non-exciting element of angle mutually; Above-mentioned a plurality of situation comprises according to by the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, sets the situation with the resulting many group reactance value groups of each reactance value circulation respectively.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned aerial array has from above-mentioned exciting element only at interval with given interval, and the identical in fact at interval set a plurality of non-exciting element of angle mutually; Above-mentioned a plurality of situation, comprise according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, and allow the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna that substantial variations does not take place, and set situation respectively the resulting many group reactance value groups of each reactance value circulation.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned aerial array, comprise that line of symmetry with the position by above-mentioned exciting element is symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged at least 1 pair of non-exciting element of line, have and be positioned on the above-mentioned line of symmetry or be symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged a plurality of non-exciting elements of line with the line of symmetry; Above-mentioned a plurality of situation, comprise according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, set at least two situations of exchanging resulting many group reactance value groups at least with the reactance value of 1 pair of set non-exciting element of above-mentioned line symmetry respectively.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned aerial array, comprise that line of symmetry with the position by above-mentioned exciting element is symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged at least 1 pair of non-exciting element of line, have and be positioned on the above-mentioned line of symmetry or be symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged a plurality of non-exciting elements of line with the line of symmetry; Above-mentioned a plurality of situation, comprise according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, and allow the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna that substantial variations does not take place, and set at least two situations of the resulting many group reactance value groups of reactance value exchange of at least 1 pair of non-exciting element that above-mentioned line symmetry is set respectively.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, the CDF value of cumulative probability that surpasses the situation of given signal power in signal power as the wireless signal that received, during for set-point, set above-mentioned many group reactance value groups, make diversity gain maximum in fact.Perhaps, surpass the CDF value of cumulative probability of the situation of given signal power in signal power, during for set-point, sets and organize reactance value group above-mentioned more, make that diversity gain is more than the set-point as the wireless signal that received.

In addition, as optimal way, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned array antenna has 1 exciting element, with the above-mentioned exciting element of clamping and with above-mentioned exciting element setting two non-exciting elements point-blank.Here, as optimal way,, be set at 1 length in the length between 0.1 times to 0.35 times of wavelength of the wireless signal that is received with the distance between above-mentioned exciting element and above-mentioned each non-exciting element.In addition, as optimal way, above-mentioned array antenna has: have parallel to each other the 1st with the 2nd dielectric base plate; And be formed on earthing conductor in given the 1st zone among the 2nd of above-mentioned dielectric base plate; And on the 1st of above-mentioned dielectric base plate, have from the outstanding given length of facing mutually with above-mentioned the 1st zone in zone, and have given interval and form respectively as above-mentioned exciting element and above-mentioned two 3 strip conductors that non-exciting element moves.

The associated array antenna assembly of the 2nd invention, has 1 exciting element, with the above-mentioned exciting element of clamping and with above-mentioned exciting element setting two non-exciting elements point-blank, and two variable reactive element that are connected respectively with above-mentioned each non-exciting element, by changing the reactance value that sets in above-mentioned each variable reactive element, above-mentioned each non-exciting element is moved as wave guide or reflector, and the array antenna device of the directional property of variation array antenna.Here, above-mentioned array antenna device has: have parallel to each other the 1st with the 2nd dielectric base plate; And be formed on earthing conductor in given the 1st zone among the 2nd of above-mentioned dielectric base plate; And on the 1st of above-mentioned dielectric base plate, have from the outstanding given length in above-mentioned relative zone, the 1st zone, and have given interval and 3 strip conductors that are used separately as above-mentioned exciting element and above-mentioned two non-exciting elements of forming.In addition, as optimal way,, be set at 1 length in the length between 0.1 times to 0.35 times of wavelength of the wireless signal that is received with the distance between above-mentioned exciting element and above-mentioned each non-exciting element.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the formation of the control device of the associated array antenna of explanation the 1st preferred forms of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the stereogram of detailed formation of the array antenna device 100 of key diagram 1.

Fig. 3 is A-A ' line longitudinal section of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is reactance value and input impedance value corresponding to the control voltage that inputs to variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 in the associated array antenna assembly of explanation preferred forms.

Fig. 5 is the stereogram of the formation of the control device of the array antenna of explanation the 2nd preferred forms of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the stereogram of detailed formation of bottom of the dielectric base plate 20 of key diagram 5.

Fig. 7 is the stereogram of explanation as the array antenna device that is installed in the Fig. 4 in the portable personal computer 200 of the 1st installation example of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the stereogram of explanation as the array antenna device that is installed in the Fig. 1 in the PC card 211 of the 2nd installation example of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the plane graph of explanation as the formation of the array antenna device of the 3rd preferred forms of the present invention.

Figure 10 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Fig. 9, and the real part Re (y by the self-admittance of the pairing exciting element of the normalized antenna element interval d/ λ of wavelength X institute is described ₀₀) curve chart.

Figure 11 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Fig. 9, and the imaginary part Im (y by the self-admittance of the pairing exciting element of the normalized antenna element interval d/ λ of wavelength X institute is described ₀₀) curve chart.

Figure 12 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Fig. 9, and the real part Re (y by the self-admittance of the pairing non-exciting element of the normalized antenna element interval d/ λ of wavelength X institute is described ₁₁) curve chart.

Figure 13 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Fig. 9, and the imaginary part Im (y by the self-admittance of the pairing non-exciting element of the normalized antenna element interval d/ λ of wavelength X institute is described ₁₁) curve chart.

Figure 14 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Fig. 9, and the real part Re (y by the coupling admittance between normalized antenna element interval pairing exciting element of d/ λ of wavelength X institute and the non-exciting element is described ₀₁) curve chart.

Figure 15 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Fig. 9, and the imaginary part Im (y by the coupling admittance between normalized antenna element interval pairing exciting element of d/ λ of wavelength X institute and the non-exciting element is described ₀₁) curve chart.

Figure 16 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Fig. 9, and the real part Re (y by the coupling admittance between pairing two the non-exciting elements of the normalized antenna element interval d/ λ of wavelength X institute is described ₁₂) curve chart.

Figure 17 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Fig. 9, and the imaginary part Im (y by the coupling admittance between pairing two the non-exciting elements of the normalized antenna element interval d/ λ of wavelength X institute is described ₁₂) curve chart.

Figure 18 is the block diagram of explanation as the formation of the array antenna device of the 4th preferred forms of the present invention.

Figure 19 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Figure 18, and the curve chart of real part Re (Zin) of input impedance Zin of the pairing array antenna device of half value x1 of the reactance value of variable reactive element 12-2 is described.

Figure 20 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Figure 18, and the curve chart of imaginary part Im (Zin) of input impedance Zin of the pairing array antenna device of half value x1 of the reactance value of variable reactive element 12-2 is described.

Figure 21 is the curve chart as the explanation amplitude directional property of the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Figure 18.

Figure 22 is the curve chart as the explanation phase place directional property of the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Figure 18.

Figure 23 has the plane graph of the environmental model of two ripples for the relevant arrival of explanation embodiment.

Figure 24 is the curve chart as the cumulative probability distribution of the explanation decay deterioration of the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Figure 18.

Figure 25 is as the relevant analog result of the array antenna device of Figure 18, and the curve chart by the pairing diversity gain of the normalized antenna element interval d/ λ of wavelength X institute is described.

Figure 26 is the plane graph of the antenna assembly of explanation relevant the 1st variation of the present invention.

Figure 27 is the plane graph of the antenna assembly of explanation relevant the 2nd variation of the present invention.

Figure 28 is the plane graph of the antenna assembly of explanation relevant the 3rd variation of the present invention.

Figure 29 is the plane graph of the antenna assembly of explanation relevant the 4th variation of the present invention.

Figure 30 is the plane graph of the antenna assembly of explanation relevant the 5th variation of the present invention.

Figure 31 is the plane graph of the antenna assembly of explanation relevant the 6th variation of the present invention.

Figure 32 is the plane graph of the antenna assembly of explanation relevant the 7th variation of the present invention.

Figure 33 is the stereogram of explanation as the array antenna device that is installed in the Fig. 4 in the mobile phone 204 212 of the 3rd installation example of the present invention.

Figure 34 is the stereogram of explanation as the array antenna device that is installed in LANPC card 205 210 of the 4th installation example of the present invention.

Figure 35 is the plane graph of explanation as the array antenna device 100A of the 5th preferred forms of the present invention.

Figure 36 is as the experimental result of the array antenna device 100A of Figure 35, and the curve chart of the frequency characteristic of VSWR is described.

Figure 37 is as the experimental result of the array antenna device 100A of Figure 35 and two elements Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, and the input impedance Smith chart is described.

Figure 38 carries out the stereogram of mensuration system of receiver-side of experiment of the array antenna device 100A of Figure 35 for explanation.

Figure 39 is the plane graph of the layout of the experimental situation of the array antenna device 100A of explanation Figure 35.

Figure 40 is the experimental result of the array antenna device 100A of Figure 35, and diversity gain, the curve chart of the pairing CDF value of standardization received power are described.

Figure 41 is the plane graph of explanation as the array antenna device 100B of the 6th preferred forms of the present invention.

Figure 42 is the stereogram of employed mode in the computer simulation of the array antenna device 100B of explanation Figure 41.

Figure 43 is as the Computer simulation results of the array antenna device 100B of Figure 41, and the substrate and the reactance value x that use unlimited floor are described ₁, change reactance value x at=0 o'clock ₂The time equivalence power w ₀, w ₁, w ₂The curve chart of complex plane.

Figure 44 is as the Computer simulation results of the array antenna device 100B of Figure 41, and the substrate and the reactance value x that use unlimited floor are described ₁=-30[Ω] time, change reactance value x ₂The time equivalence power w ₀, w ₁, w ₂The curve chart of complex plane.

Figure 45 is as the Computer simulation results of the array antenna device 100B of Figure 41, and the substrate and the reactance value x that use unlimited floor are described ₁=-30[Ω] time, change reactance value x ₂The time equivalence power w ₀, w ₁, w ₂The curve chart of complex plane.

Figure 46 is as the Computer simulation results of the array antenna device 100B of Figure 41, illustrates to use printed base plate and reactance value x ₁=0[Ω] time, change reactance value x ₂The time equivalence power w ₀, w ₁, w ₂The curve chart of complex plane.

Figure 47 is as the Computer simulation results of the array antenna device 100B of Figure 41, illustrates to use printed base plate and reactance value x ₁=-30[Ω] time, change reactance value x ₂The time equivalence power w ₀, w ₁, w ₂The curve chart of complex plane.

Figure 48 is as the Computer simulation results of the array antenna device 100B of Figure 41, illustrates to use printed base plate and reactance value x ₁=-60[Ω] time, change reactance value x ₂The time equivalence power w ₀, w ₁, w ₂The curve chart of complex plane.

Figure 49 is as the Computer simulation results of the array antenna device 100B of Figure 41 etc., the curve chart of the error rate (BFR) when the pairing reactance diversity reception of the ratio (average Eb/N0) of average signal and noise power is described.

Figure 50 load to give for explanation in the characteristic of the pairing input impedance Zin of control voltage in the relevant variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 of variation of the present invention and reactance value X1, X2 3 state P1, P2, the curve chart of P3 that can set.

Figure 51 is the block diagram of the formation of the relevant two elements array antenna device of the technology before the explanation.

Figure 52 loads to pairing reactance value X1 of control voltage in the variable reactive element 12-1 in the array antenna device of Figure 51 and the curve chart of input impedance Zin for explanation.

Embodiment

The contrast accompanying drawing describes preferred forms of the present invention below.

The 1st preferred forms

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the formation of the control device of the associated array antenna of explanation the 1st preferred forms of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, the control device of array antenna has: by 1 exciting element A0, be loaded with the non-exciting element A1 of variable reactive element 12-1, and the array antenna device 100 that constituted of the 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device that combines of the 2nd non-exciting element A2 that is loaded with variable reactive element 12-2, and antenna controller 10.Here, antenna controller 10, according to wireless signal received in the array antenna device 100, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance Zin of above-mentioned array antenna device 100 that substantial variations does not take place, two variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 are being set the 1st reactance value group (Xa, Xb) the 1st situation (, is set reactance value Xa to variable reactive element 12-1 here, variable reactive element 12-2 is set reactance value Xb.), (Xb, the 2nd situation Xa) (, is set reactance value Xb to variable reactive element 12-1 here, variable reactive element 12-2 is set reactance value Xa with two variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 being set the 2nd reactance value group.) in, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd situation during for bigger value is set in two variable reactive element 12-1,12-2.

Fig. 2 is the stereogram of detailed formation of the array antenna device 100 of key diagram 1.As Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 2, array antenna device 100, constitute by exciting element A0 and two non-exciting element A1, A2 of being vertically set on the earthing conductor 11, exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1 are parallel to each other, and being spaced a distance d from one another d is provided with, exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A2 are parallel to each other, and are spaced a distance d from one another the d setting, and these 3 antenna element A2, A0, A1 arrange point-blank.Exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1, A2 length separately are respectively wavelength X about 1/4 of desired ripple, and in addition, above-mentioned antenna spacing d for example constitutes 0.1 times to 0.35 times of wavelength X.The supply terminals of exciting element A0 is connected with low noise amplifier (LNA) 2 through coaxial cable a.In addition, non-exciting element A1 is connected with variable reactive element 12-1, non-exciting element A2 is connected with variable reactive element 12-2, variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 reactance value is separately set by the reactance value signal that is transmitted through the paired cable 5-1,5-2 from antenna controller 10 respectively.

Fig. 3 is the longitudinal section of the array antenna device 100 in A-A ' line of Fig. 2.As shown in Figure 3, exciting element A0 and earthing conductor 11 electric insulations, and be connected with the center conductor 1a of coaxial cable 1.Non-exciting element A1, through variable reactive element 12-1, to earthing conductor 11 high frequency earthings, in addition, non-exciting element A2 is through variable reactive element 12-2, to earthing conductor 11 high frequency earthings.Action to variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 describes below, for example when the length essence of exciting element A0 and the long side direction of non-exciting element A1, A2 is identical, for example, when variable reactive element 12-1 has inductive (L), variable reactive element 12-1 becomes extension coil, the electrical length of the non-exciting element A1 length of comparing with exciting element A0 is as reflector.In addition, for example when variable reactive element 12-1 had capacitive character (C), variable reactive element 12-1 became shortening electric capacity, and the electrical length of the non-exciting element A1 weak point of comparing with exciting element A0 is as wave guide.In addition, the non-exciting element A2 that is connected with variable reactive element 12-2 also carries out same action.Here, variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 for example can be used varicap.

Therefore, in the array antenna device 100 of Fig. 1,, can change the plane directional property of array antenna device 100 by variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 reactance value separately that change is connected with each non-exciting element A1, A2.

In the control device of the array antenna of Fig. 1, array antenna device 100 receives wireless signal, with above-mentioned received wireless signal, inputing to low noise amplifier (LNA) 2 through coaxial cable 1 amplifies, next, down converter (D/C) 3 becomes the wireless signal low frequency transform that is amplified the signal (IF signal) of given intermediate frequency.In addition, A/D converter 4 will become digital signal and export as received signal y as the IF signal transformation of analog signal.Received signal y is transfused to antenna controller 10, also is transfused to simultaneously to the demodulator (not shown) to be transformed into demodulation signal afterwards.Antenna controller 10, the wireless signal that is received according to array antenna device 100, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance Zin of above-mentioned array antenna device 100 that substantial variations does not take place, two variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 are being set the 1st reactance value group (Xa, Xb) the 1st situation (here, variable reactive element 12-1 is set reactance value Xa, variable reactive element 12-2 is set reactance value Xb.), (Xb, the 2nd situation Xa) (, is set reactance value Xb to variable reactive element 12-1 here, variable reactive element 12-2 is set reactance value Xa with two variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 being set the 2nd reactance value group.) in, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd situation during for bigger value is set in two variable reactive element 12-1,12-2.

Here, (Xa is Xb) with (Xb Xa) sets the 1st and the 2nd reactance value group as shown in Figure 4.Also be, the input impedance Zin that measures array antenna device 100 in advance is two state P1, P2 of substantial variations (the input impedance Zin=Zinopt of this moment) not, measure in advance respectively and these two state P1, P2 the corresponding the 1st and the 2nd reactance value group (Xa, Xb), (Xb, Xa), be kept in the reactance value group memory (not shown) in the antenna controller 10.Afterwards, antenna controller 10, from two state P1, P2, the reactance value group when selecting the power of following each wireless signal that receives respectively of situation of each state P1, P2 to become higher value is set in two variable reactive element 12-1,12-2.

Control device according to the array antenna of this preferred forms, its hardware constitutes very simple, and can (also promptly select the 1st and the 2nd reactance value group (Xa by simple 1 binary system control, Xb), (Xb, the control of any Xa)) be greatly improved in the effect of the antenna gain that has multichannel when decay, therefore, can be as the diversity antenna that can be installed in the civilian consumer goods oscillation devices such as mobile terminal device or PC card.This control method (1 control) need necessary control voltage generation not used the DA transducer in the mode of continuous control varicap, therefore, can realize the further miniaturization and low priceization of antenna assembly.In addition, 1 binary system control by above-mentioned can allow the input impedance Zin of array antenna device 100 that substantial variations takes place hardly.

In addition, use the 1st and the 2nd reactance value group (Xa in the above-mentioned preferred forms, Xb), (Xb, Xa), but the present invention is not limited to this, can also use and to access the above diversity gain of set-point, and can set two groups of reactance value groups allowing the input impedance of array antenna device 100 that substantial variations does not take place (Xa, Xb), (Xc, Xd) (here, Xa ≠ Xd, Xb ≠ Xc).

The 2nd preferred forms

Fig. 5 is the stereogram of the formation of the array antenna device of explanation relevant the 2nd preferred forms of the present invention.In the 2nd preferred forms, it is characterized in that the exciting element A0 of Fig. 1 and non-exciting element A1, A2 form the strip conductor on the side that is printed on dielectric base plate 20.Be formed with the dielectric base plate 20 of exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1, A2, for example be the printed circuit board that glass epoxy resin, Teflon (registered trade mark) or aluminium oxide ceramics etc. that thickness is about 1mm are constituted, exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1, A2 form by the treatment technology of known printed circuit board.In addition, dielectric base plate 20 is vertically set on the earthing conductor 11.

Here, exciting element A0 is as having given length h ₁The antenna element of strip conductor, be formed on the dielectric base plate 20, each non-exciting element A1, A2 are as having given length h ₁, and be apart from d apart from exciting element A0 ₁The antenna element of parallel strip conductor, be formed on the dielectric base plate 20.Here, length h ₁Be set to about 1/4 length of the wavelength of the wireless signal that send to receive.

Fig. 6 is the stereogram of detailed formation of bottom of the dielectric base plate 20 of key diagram 5.In the dielectric base plate 20, in the face opposite, be formed with 4 electrodes 21 to 24 that leave mutually with the face that is formed with exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1.The lower end of exciting element A0 (near the end of earthing conductor 11), the via hole conductor 25 through having connected dielectric base plate 20 is electrically connected with electrode 21.Electrode 22 is electrically connected with earthing conductor 11.In addition, electrode 21 is connected with the center conductor 1a of coaxial cable 1 on being connected LNA2, and electrode 22 is connected with the external conductor 1b of coaxial cable 1.The lower end of non-exciting element A1, the via hole conductor 26 through having connected dielectric base plate 20 is electrically connected with electrode 24, and this electrode 24 is connected with the negative pole of varicap D1.Varicap D1 is an example of variable reactive element 12.The positive pole of varicap D1 is connected with electrode 23, and electrode 23 also is electrically connected with earthing conductor 11.In addition, earthing conductor 23 and 24, respectively through for example count k Ω to the high-frequency current of tens of k Ω by with impedance 41,42 and bifilar electric current 5-1, load the terminal (not shown) with the bias voltage of the antenna controller 10 of the directional property of this array antenna device of control and be connected.

As above in the array antenna device that is constituted, included loading bias voltage in the reactance value signal from antenna controller 10, be carried in the two ends of varicap D1 through paired cable 5-1, at this moment, load bias voltage by changing, can change the junction capacitance value of varicap D1, also be reactance value.Antenna controller 10 has the function of variable voltage DC power supply, load the contrary bias voltage of giving the varicap D1 that is connected with non-exciting element A1 by changing, change the junction capacitance of varicap, by like this, allow the electrical length of non-exciting element A1 compare variation, thereby can change the plane directional property of this array antenna device with exciting element A0.

Associated array antenna assembly according to above the 2nd preferred forms that constitutes, control very simple, and substantial variations can not take place because of this control in input impedance, in addition, be arranged on the earthing conductor 11 owing to be formed with the dielectric base plate 20 of exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1, A2, therefore, can provide a kind of with former diversity antenna to compare, construct comparatively simple, and can be easily and form the array antenna device of exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1, A2 accurately.In addition,, therefore,, can easily form antenna element, have the very simple advantage of manufacturing process by the formation technology of printed circuit board owing on dielectric base plate 20, be formed with exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1, the A2 that strip conductor constitutes.

The 1st installs example

Fig. 7 installs the stereogram that is installed in the array antenna device in the portable personal computer 200 of example for explanation the of the present invention the relevant the 1st.This is installed in the example, portable personal computer 200 has by upper body 201 and lower case 202 formed collapsible housings, the array antenna device 210 of desirable execution mode is fixed on the upper body 201, or is installed as upper body 201 can upwards be dug.Array antenna device 210, identical with Fig. 5, be illustrated as the array antenna device of the acyclic type that is printed on 1/4 wavelength on the dielectric base plate.Do not show earthing conductor in the array antenna device 210, but earthing conductor both can be installed in the upper body 201, be under the metal situation in upper body 201 perhaps, can be with upper conductor 201 as earthing conductor.In addition, can use above-mentioned antenna controller 10, as the control device of the installation example shown in Fig. 7.

The 2nd installs example

Fig. 8 installs the stereogram that is installed in the array antenna device in the PC card 211 of example for explanation the of the present invention the relevant the 2nd.This is installed in example, has shown to be arranged on as on the main body of the PC card 211 of earthing conductor the array antenna device of the acyclic type of 1/4 wavelength identical with Fig. 1.PC card 211 can be inserted in the pc card slot 203 in the lower case 202 that is arranged on the portable personal computer identical with Fig. 7 200, as the antenna of PC200.In addition, can use above-mentioned antenna controller 10, as the control device of the installation example shown in Fig. 8.

The the 3rd and the 3rd preferred forms

Fig. 9 is the plane graph of explanation as the associated array antenna assembly of the 3rd preferred forms of the analytic modell analytical model of 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device.

Among Fig. 9, be formed with height at the above-below direction of Fig. 9 in the inboard and be λ g/2 (here, λ g is the wavelength in pipe of the desired ripple that receives) the lateral surface of dielectric base plate 20 of rectangle earthing conductor 11a in, 3 microwave transmission band conductors mutually with interval d from and parallel to each other, form microwave transmission band circuit, its front end extends λ/4 (here on the face that does not form earthing conductor 11a, λ is the free space wavelength of the desired ripple of reception), by like this, form non-exciting element A2, exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1.Here, the earthing conductor 11a as the grounded part of microwave transmission band circuit has the function as the floor in the acyclic type antenna.In addition, setting up the earthing conductor 11a of perfect conductor in the power supply of microwave transmission band circuit, is to set according to the specification of employed simulator in resolving.

The material constant of dielectric base plate 20 supposes it is BT resin/high frequencies such as thermmohardening PPO printed base plate, sets than dielectric constant ε _r=3.4, dielectric loss tan δ=0.003.In addition, the thickness of dielectric basal disc 20 is 0.6mm.In addition, suppose that the conductor portion of antenna element A0, A1, A2 and the material of earthing conductor 11a are Au, its conductance is set at σ=3.3 * 10 near measured value ⁸[S/m].The width of setting microwave transmission band circuit is 1.42[mm], the characteristic impedance of microwave transmission band conductor is 50[Ω].Other parameter as shown in Figure 9.In addition, the λ g among the figure represents the actual effect wavelength obtained by the substrate dielectric rate.

Next, the electromagnetic field analysis result (admittance) when using the analytic modell analytical model of Fig. 9 describes.

In Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, the array directive property under the situation of change reactance value can derive by weight vector method of equal value described later.Weight vector of equal value is carried out processing of circuit to antenna, derives from its admittance matrix.By the admittance matrix of deriving from electromagnetic field simulation device, the expression formula of induced representation admittance value opposed member variation at interval, thus can access the essential structure formula that 3 component electronics are controlled the wave guide array antenna device.

Here, be parameter with the element spacing, derive the admittance matrix expression formula of 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device.Element spacing is by being represented by the standardized value of wavelength.Calculating is carried out in the scope of element spacing d=0.1 λ～0.35 λ.Regard 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device as 3 terminal circuit networks, obtain its admittance matrix.The Y matrix of 3 terminal circuit networks is represented by following formula.

$Y=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}{y}_{00}& y_{01}& y_{02}\\ y_{10}& y_{11}& y_{12}\\ y_{20}& y_{21}& y_{22}\end{array}\right]---\left(1\right)$

Here, according to the symmetry of phase inverse theorem and antenna configuration, the Y parameter in the above-mentioned formula (1), the equal sign that satisfies following formula concerns.

y ₁₁＝y ₂₂ (2)

y ₀₁＝y ₀₂＝y ₁₀＝y ₂₀ (3)

y ₁₂＝y ₂₁ (4)

The physics meaning according to these parameters is expressed as follows respectively.

(1) y ₀₀: the self-admittance of exciting element.

(2) y ₁₁: the self-admittance of non-exciting element.

(3) y ₀₁: the coupling admittance between exciting element and the non-exciting element.

(4) y ₁₂: the coupling admittance between two non-exciting elements.

Among Figure 10 value Figure 17, shown and under the condition of above-mentioned analytic modell analytical model, carried out the electromagnetic field simulation, y ₀₀～y ₁₂Each admittance value carries out the result of fitting of a polynomial (being similar to).In addition, each expression formula is shown below.Expression formula is effective in the scope of element spacing d=0.1 λ～0.35 λ.

$\mathrm{Re}\left\{y_{00}\right\}=0.0045-0.0425\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)+0.1533{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^2---\left(5\right)$

$\mathrm{Im}\left\{y_{00}\right\}=-0.0519+0.253\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)-0.3802{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^2---\left(6\right)$

$\mathrm{Re}\left\{y_{11}\right\}=-0.0131+0.3984\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)-2.885{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^2+8.9546{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^3-9.8593{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^4---\left(7\right)$

$\mathrm{Im}\left\{y_{11}\right\}=-0.0269+0.091\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)-0.1255{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^2---\left(8\right)$

$\mathrm{Re}\left\{y_{01}\right\}=-0.0029+0.0469\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)-0.2507{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^2+0.6058{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^3-0.4074{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^4---\left(9\right)$

$\mathrm{Im}\left\{y_{01}\right\}=0.0298-0.2618\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)+0.9086{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^2-1.0566{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^3---\left(10\right)$

$\mathrm{Re}\left\{y_{12}\right\}=0.0047-0.1017\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)+0.8628{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^2-2.9996{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^3+3.5825{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^4---\left(11\right)$

$\mathrm{Im}\left\{y_{12}\right\}=-0.0024+0.0341\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)-0.1504{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^2+0.0965{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^3+0.3008{\left(\frac{d}{\mathrm{\λ}}\right)}^4$

(12)

Next, according to the above admittance matrix Y that obtains, derive the input impedance 2z of 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device _InWhen reception (be output impedance in addition).In addition, in the fixed patternization, carry out the dipole model relevant of equal value (leement duration=1/2 λ) of the 4th preferred forms as shown in figure 18.Therefore, coefficient all become twice.Among Figure 18, exciting element A0 is made of two antenna element A0a, A0b, in the power supply port of these two antenna element A0a, A0b, with radio transmitters 13, have an output impedance z _sVoltage 2v _sOscillation source 13 be connected.In addition, non-exciting element A1 is made of two antenna element A1a, A1b, and its antenna port and reactance value are j2x ₁Variable reactive element 12-1 be connected.In addition, non-exciting element A2 is made of two antenna element A2a, A2b, and its antenna port and reactance value are j2x ₂Variable reactive element 12-2 be connected.

The input impedance Zin=2z of the 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device that is as above constituted _InRepresent by following formula.

${2z}_{\mathrm{in}}=z00+{2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="01"\; label="z"\; filenames="C200480001939E00781.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{01}^2\frac{z_{11}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="z"\; filenames="C200480001939E00661.png,C200480001939E00762.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{12}+j(x_1+x_2)}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="z"\; filenames="C200480001939E00661.png,C200480001939E00762.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{12}^2-{(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="11"\; label="z"\; filenames="C200480001939E00511.png,C200480001939E00521.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{11}+{j2x}_1){(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="11"\; label="z"\; filenames="C200480001939E00511.png,C200480001939E00521.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{11}+{j2x}_2)}---\left(13\right)$

Impedance z00～z12 in the above-mentioned formula (13) according to the symmetry of cyclicity and antenna configuration, uses following formula to calculate.

$z_{00}=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="11"\; label="y"\; filenames="C200480001939E00511.png,C200480001939E00521.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_{11}^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="y"\; filenames="C200480001939E00661.png,C200480001939E00762.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_{12}^2}{\det Y}---\left(14\right)$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="01"\; label="z"\; filenames="C200480001939E00781.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{01}=\frac{y_{01}{(y}_{12}-y_{11})}{\det Y}---\left(15\right)$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="11"\; label="z"\; filenames="C200480001939E00511.png,C200480001939E00521.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{11}=\frac{y_{00}{y}_{11}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="01"\; label="y"\; filenames="C200480001939E00781.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_{01}^2}{\det Y}---\left(16\right)$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="z"\; filenames="C200480001939E00661.png,C200480001939E00762.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_{12}=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="01"\; label="y"\; filenames="C200480001939E00781.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_{01}^2-y_{00}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="y"\; filenames="C200480001939E00661.png,C200480001939E00762.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_{12}}{\det Y}---\left(17\right)$

Here, detY is the matrix form value of admittance matrix Y.In order to confirm the intensity of variation of input impedance Zin, with the reactance value X1=2x of among two non-exciting element A1, the A2 (the non-exciting element A1 of Figure 18) ₂, be fixed as 0,50 respectively, 100[Ω], the reactance value x of non-exciting element A2 ₂Value at-100～100[Ω] scope in change.The value of the 2zin of the input impedance Zin=that is calculated is divided into real number composition and imaginary number composition, as Figure 19 and shown in Figure 20.

Simulation according to inventor etc., under the situation of 2 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device, the variation of input impedance depends on element spacing, at 40～100[Ω] change in the scope, relative therewith, under the situation of 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device,, be controlled in 10[Ω as Figure 19 and shown in Figure 20] below.In the formation of 3 elements, basically, corresponding to the variation of reactance value, the amplitude of variation of input impedance is very little.In addition, in the 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device, reactance value x1 and x2, by mutual combination of switching the identical value of distribution, therefore, the value of the input impedance after the directive property image switching is consistent.Can confirm that 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device is compared with 2 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device, matching Design is just carried out easily.

Next, parity price weight vector method (array factor) describes.In general, the directive property of array antenna is by the directive property of element monomer and the product representation of array answer vector (array factor).In order to obtain the array factor of 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device, use weight vector method of equal value (reference example such as non-patent literature 2 and 4) here.

This is the interior product representation array factor by transposed vector and weight vector, the method for the current vector equivalence when allowing this weight vector with this antenna of excitation under sending mode.The following definition of array factor D (φ).Here, w (w0, w1, w2) is the weights of equal value of each antenna element A0, A1, A2, z _s[Ω] and v _s[V] is for sending the output impedance and the builtin voltage of electric power system, x1, x2[Ω] be respectively the reactance value of the variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 that is connected with non-exciting element A1, A2.In addition, fixed patternization is carried out under the dipole model of equal value of Figure 18, all is the coefficient of twice therefore.

D(φ)＝a(φ)·w (18)

Here, a (φ), the w in the above-mentioned formula (18) represents by following formula respectively.

$\mathrm{\&alpha;}\left(\mathrm{\&phi;}\right)=\left[\begin{array}{c}1\\ \exp (-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="j"\; filenames="C200480001939E00511.png,C200480001939E00681.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;d}}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}\cos \left(\mathrm{\&phi;}\right))\\ \exp \left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="j"\; filenames="C200480001939E00511.png,C200480001939E00681.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;d}}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}\cos \left(\mathrm{\&phi;}\right)\right)\end{array}\right]---\left(19\right)$

w＝2z _s(Y ^-1+X) ^-1u ₀ (20)

Here, X, the u in the above-mentioned formula (20) ₀, as follows respectively.

X＝diag(2z _s，j2x ₁，j2x ₂) (21)

u ₀＝[1?0?0] ^T (22)

Among the array factor D (φ) that can calculate by above-mentioned formula (18), the impedance of also having considered electric power system and the antenna caused loss that do not match.Reactance value 2x with the variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 that loaded ₁, 2x ₂As parameter, after array factor D (φ) drawn as the function of azimuth φ, obtain amplitude and phase place directive property.The azimuth from exciting element A0 to non-exciting element A1 see be distributed as 0 the degree.

Amplitude directive property when having shown element spacing d=0.15 λ among Figure 21 has shown phase place directive property at this moment among Figure 22.Because directive property has symmetry, therefore at 0～180[degree] scope in illustrate.

In addition, below the affirmation result of the reactance diversity of 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device is described.

As mentioned above, in 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device, also can change the azimuth dependence of its amplitude phase place by carrying out reactance control.Use by it being carried out applicability, the condition that the caused generation level of can avoiding decaying descends is also promptly with amplitude antiphase state.For it is quantitatively confirmed, carry out following simulation.

This simulation is identical with the situation of 2 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device, and use waits amplitude 2 wave patterns to carry out.Shown this illustraton of model among Figure 23.Have interfering two ripple s ₁, s ₂Amplitude equates, and under the environment with the arrival of random phase difference, is made as y with being provided with the signal that is received under the situation of 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device.Y uses array factor D (φ), represents by following formula.In addition, the arrival bearing angle φ of two ripples ₁, φ ₂At the 360[degree] scope in uncorrelated, and be random value.

y＝D(φ ₁)s ₁+D(φ ₂)s ₂

＝D(φ ₁)a ₀exp(-jφ ₁)+D(φ ₂)a ₀exp(-jφ ₂)

(23)

Here, the reactance value x of control 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device under two states ₁, x ₂, at selective reception power (yy ^*) avoid decay under the side's that uprises the algorithm.x ₁, x ₂, use the combination of identical value resulting combination alternate with each other.

Shown supply system impedance zs=50[Ω among Figure 24] (being scaled dipole model is 100[Ω]), the cumulative probability distribution (CDF curve) that the decay under the situation of element spacing d=0.15 λ worsens.With reactance value at 0[Ω] with 50[Ω] these two states control alternately.The longitudinal axis of the curve chart of Figure 24 is the signal power a with arrival ripple 1 ₀a ₀ ^*For benchmark, the dB that the diversity reception signal power has surpassed transverse axis represents the cumulative probability (CDF value) of situation about being worth.In order to compare, expression by a dotted line has the theoretical value (with reference to following formula) of the decay CDF of the non-direction single antenna device in the model of two arrival ripples that wait amplitude in Figure 24.

$\frac{P}{a_o{a}_o^{*}}=2+2\cos \left\{\mathrm{prob}({\mathrm{yy}}^{*}\&GreaterEqual;P)\mathrm{\&pi;}\right\}---\left(24\right)$

Here, prob (yy ^*〉=P) be received signal power yy ^*Become the above probability of P.Particularly, the zone having produced deep attenuation also is

prob(yy ^*≧P)<<1/π (25)

The zone in, following formula becomes asymptote.

P＝p ²π ²a ₀a ₀ ^* (26)

Can learn that from Figure 24 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device is compared with single antenna, is the diversity gain 301 that can access 5dB at 90% o'clock in the CDF value, is the diversity gain 302 that obtained about 10dB at 99% o'clock in the CDF value.In addition, probability that the decay of 20dB worsens takes place also be reduced to approximately 0.5%, 30dB is about 0.07%, compares with single antenna and declines to a great extent.

Among Figure 24, the CDF value that surpasses the cumulative probability under the situation of given signal power in signal power as the wireless signal that received, when for example being set-point such as 90% or 99%, preferably select and set to allow diversity gain become more than the set-point, and the 1st and the 2nd reactance value group of substantial variations does not take place in input impedance Zin.In addition, the CDF value that surpasses the cumulative probability under the situation of given signal power in signal power as the wireless signal that received, when for example being set-point such as 90% or 99%, can also preferably select and set the 1st and the 2nd reactance value group that makes diversity gain maximum in fact.

Next, shown relation between element spacing and the diversity gain among Figure 25.CDF be 90% and CDF be 99% o'clock, in the scope of element spacing 0.1 λ～0.35 λ, do not have very big dependence between element spacing and the resulting diversity gain.This means, in the installation and design of 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device, do not need the strict tolerance of setting.Also promptly, element spacing can be set in the scope of 0.1 λ～0.35 λ.

As mentioned above, by the relevant 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device of this preferred forms, can confirm to switch the inhibition of the variation of resulting antenna feed impedance by reactance value.By the algorithm of control reactance under 2 states, the diversity gain in 2 wave patterns of amplitude such as can calculate.Can learn that single antenna is distributed as the diversity gain that can access 5dB at 90% o'clock in cumulative probability relatively, is distributed as the diversity gain that can access 10dB at 99% o'clock in cumulative probability.Resulting diversity gain does not have very big difference in the scope of element spacing 0.1 λ～0.35 λ, therefore, does not need strict location tolerance, and is very favourable aspect expense yet.

Promptly,, therefore, when fixing up an aerial wire device, do not need to be strict with mechanical tolerance owing to do not depend on antenna element strongly at interval yet, also very effective in the installation of folding and expanding formula structure or the made antenna assembly of flexible resilient material.The control device of this array antenna, hardware constitute simple, and can access very big decay by simple 1 binary system control and improve effect, therefore, and can be as the diversity antenna that can be installed in the civilian consumption terminal devices such as portable oscillation device or PC card.

In addition, the variable reactive element of Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, can constitute by the varicap of for example low price, therefore, Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device with 1 exciting element and two non-exciting elements, compare with the 2 former element selecting type diversity antennas based on one pole double-throw RF switch, cost is lower.In addition, varicap is being worked under contrary bias voltage usually, therefore, and the not direct current consumption during conducting as the pin diode switch.Compare with the FET switch, varicap is comparatively low cost and low-loss also.In addition, Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device even antenna element is at interval narrow, also can be worked, and therefore, can allow all miniaturizations of antenna assembly.

In the above-mentioned preferred forms, 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this, can also be the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device with 1 exciting element and the non-exciting element of even number.Also be, this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, has the exciting element that is used for receiving the wireless signal that is sent out, the non-exciting element of even number that is provided with the distance given interval of above-mentioned exciting element, and the even number variable reactive element that is connected with above-mentioned each non-exciting element respectively, by changing the reactance value that above-mentioned each variable reactive element sets, above-mentioned each non-exciting element as wave guide or reflector, is changed the directional property as the array antenna of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device.Here, the non-exciting element of above-mentioned even number, non-exciting element by at least 1 the 1st group, constitute with at least 1 the 2nd group non-exciting element, above-mentioned even number variable reactive element, by the 1st group of variable reactive element that is connected with above-mentioned the 1st group each non-exciting element respectively, and the 2nd group of variable reactive element that is connected with above-mentioned the 2nd group each non-exciting element respectively constitutes.In addition, can allow antenna controller 10, according to passing through the received wireless signal of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, in the 1st situation of the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd group of variable reactive element being set the 1st reactance value group, with the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd group of variable reactive element set in the 2nd situation of the 2nd reactance value group, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd situation during for bigger value is set in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd group of variable reactive element.

The 1st variation

Figure 26 is the plane graph of the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of explanation relevant the 1st variation of the present invention.Among Figure 26, each non-exciting element A1, A2, A3, A4, with exciting element A0 is the center, being positioned at radius is on the circumference 15 of d, non-exciting element A2, exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1 are arranged in straight line, and non-exciting element A3, exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A4 are arranged in straight line, and antenna element A3, A0, A1 angulation θ and antenna element A2, A0, A4 angulation θ are set at the right angle.In addition, each antenna element A0-A4 electric insulation ground is erect and is arranged on the earthing conductor 11.Here, for example non-exciting element A1, A3 are made as the 1st group of non-exciting element 1, when non-exciting element A2, A4 are made as the 2nd group of non-exciting element, the variable reactive element 12-1,12-3 that is connected with non-exciting element A1, A3 respectively is made as the 1st group of variable reactive element, the variable reactive element 12-2,12-4 that is connected with non-exciting element A2, A4 respectively is made as the 2nd group of variable reactive element.Here, antenna controller 10, according to the wireless signal that is received by this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, the the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd group of variable reactive element set the 1st reactance value group (Xa, Xb) the 1st situation (is set reactance value Xa to each variable reactive element that belongs to the 1st group of variable reactive element, each variable reactive element that belongs to the 2nd group of variable reactive element is set reactance value Xb.), with the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd group of variable reactive element set the 2nd reactance value group (Xb, Xa) the 1st situation (is set reactance value Xb to each variable reactive element that belongs to the 1st group of variable reactive element, each variable reactive element that belongs to the 2nd group of variable reactive element is set reactance value Xa.) in, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd situation during for bigger value is set in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd group of variable reactive element.In addition, above-mentioned the 2nd reactance value group, also can be (Xc, Xd).In addition, θ in the above-mentioned variation=90 degree, but the present invention is not limited to this, can be 0＜θ＜180[degree].

The 2nd variation

Figure 27 is the plane graph of the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of explanation relevant the 2nd variation of the present invention.Among Figure 27,3 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3, with exciting element A0 is the center, being positioned at radius is on the circumference 15 of d, 120 ° angle at interval mutually, the location point of 3 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3 is coupled together by the imaginary straight line that does not pass through from above-mentioned center, form equilateral triangle.In addition, 3 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3 are loaded with variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3 respectively, and other formations are identical with above-mentioned preferred forms.

In the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that is as above constituted, identical with above-mentioned preferred forms with the 1 and the 1st variation, can set reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xc) to variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3, thereby obtain the above diversity gain of set-point, and allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place.Here, because non-exciting element A1, A2, A3, with exciting element A0 center, be arranged on the position of symmetry, therefore, to the setting of the reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xc) of variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3, can be as other reactance value groups (Xb, Xc, Xa) or (Xc, Xa, Xb), each reactance value of cycle sets, and the input impedance when the power supply port of exciting element A0 is seen the antenna assembly side can not change.Therefore, antenna controller 10, according to passing through the received wireless signal of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, setting respectively as the resulting 3 groups of reactance value group (Xa of each reactance value of cocycle, Xb, Xc), (Xb, Xc, Xa), (Xc, Xa, Xb) in 3 situations, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in each situation during for bigger value is set in each variable reactive element 12-1,12-2, in 12-3.By like this,, can access the above diversity of set-point, and substantial variations can not take place in input impedance even under the situation that the reactance value group that each variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3 is set changes yet.

The 3rd variation

Figure 28 is the plane graph of the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of explanation relevant the 3rd variation of the present invention.Among Figure 28,4 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3, A4, with exciting element A0 is the center, being positioned at radius is on the circumference 15 of d, 90 ° angle at interval mutually, the location point of 4 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3, A4 is coupled together by the imaginary straight line that does not pass through from above-mentioned center, form square (square).In addition, 4 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3, A4 are loaded with variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3,12-4 respectively, and other formations are identical with above-mentioned preferred forms and variation.

In the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that is as above constituted, identical with above-mentioned preferred forms and variation, can set reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd) to variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3,12-4, thereby obtain the above diversity gain of set-point, and allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place.Here, because non-exciting element A1, A2, A3, A4, with exciting element A0 center, be arranged on the position of symmetry, therefore, setting to the reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd) of variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3,12-4, can be as other reactance value groups (Xb, Xc, Xd, Xa), (Xc, Xd, Xa, Xb) or (Xd, Xa, Xb, Xc), each reactance value of cycle sets, and the input impedance when the power supply port of exciting element A0 is seen the antenna assembly side can not change.Therefore, antenna controller 10, according to passing through the received wireless signal of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, setting respectively as the resulting 4 groups of reactance value group (Xa of each reactance value of cocycle, Xb, Xc, Xd), (Xb, Xc, Xd, Xa), (Xc, Xd, Xa, Xb), (Xd, Xa, Xb, Xc,) 4 situations in, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in each situation during for bigger value is set in each variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3, in 12-4.By like this,, can access the above diversity of set-point, and substantial variations can not take place in input impedance even under the situation that the reactance value group that each variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3,12-4 is set changes yet.

The related invention of the 2nd and the 3rd variation

In the 2nd variation, with exciting element A0 is the center, 3 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3 are symmetricly set on each vertex position of equilateral triangle, in the 3rd variation, with exciting element A0 is the center, and 4 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3, A4 are symmetricly set on foursquare each vertex position.Can also expand two above variation, be the center with exciting element A0, and N non-exciting element A1 to AN is symmetricly set on each vertex position of regular polygon.At this moment, antenna controller 10, according to passing through the received wireless signal of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, in N situation setting the resulting N group of each reactance value of circulation reactance value group respectively, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in each situation during for bigger value is set in each variable reactive element 12-1 to 12-N.By like this,, can access the above diversity of set-point, and substantial variations can not take place in input impedance even under the situation that the reactance value group that each variable reactive element 12-1 is set to 12-N changes yet.

In addition, also the same among the present invention with above-mentioned preferred forms, be preferably in the CDF value of cumulative probability that signal power as the wireless signal that received surpasses the situation of given signal power, during for set-point, set a plurality of reactance value groups, make diversity gain maximum in fact.In addition, identical with above-mentioned preferred forms, be preferably in the CDF value of cumulative probability that signal power as the wireless signal that received surpasses the situation of given signal power, during for set-point, set a plurality of reactance value groups, make that diversity gain is more than the set-point.

The 4th variation

Figure 29 is the plane graph of the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of explanation relevant the 4th variation of the present invention.Among Figure 29,3 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3 are the center with exciting element A0, and being positioned at radius is on the circumference 15 of d, angle 180-θ at interval between non-exciting element A1 and the non-exciting element A2 ₁(0＜θ ₁＜180) degree, interval angle 180-θ between non-exciting element A1 and the non-exciting element A3 ₁Degree, interval angle 2 θ between non-exciting element A2 and the non-exciting element A3 ₁Degree.At this moment, the location point of 3 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3 is coupled together by the imaginary straight line that does not pass through from above-mentioned center, just formed isosceles triangle, non-exciting element A2 and A3, (to be called symmetry axis by the line LA1 that exciting element A0 prolongs from non-exciting element A1, the point that symmetry axis A1 and above-mentioned circumference 15 intersect is crosspoint SA1) be symmetry axis, be provided with on the position of online symmetry.In addition, 3 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3 are loaded with variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3 respectively, and other formations are identical with above-mentioned preferred forms.

In the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that is as above constituted, identical with above-mentioned preferred forms and variation, can set reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xc) to variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3, thereby obtain the above diversity gain of set-point, and allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place.Here, because non-exciting element A2, A3, with the symmetry axis center, be provided with on the position of online symmetry, therefore, to the setting of the reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xc) of variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3, can be as another reactance value group (Xa, Xc, Xb), exchange variable reactive element 12-2,12-3 reactance value separately, and the input impedance when the power supply port of exciting element A0 is seen the antenna assembly side can not change.Therefore, antenna controller 10, according to passing through the received wireless signal of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, as above exchange resulting above-mentioned 2 groups of reactance value group (Xa setting respectively, Xb, Xc), (Xa, Xc, Xb) in 2 situations, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in each situation during for bigger value is set in each variable reactive element 12-1,12-2, in 12-3.By like this,, can access the above diversity of set-point, and substantial variations can not take place in input impedance even under the situation that the reactance value group that each variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3 is set changes yet.

The 5th variation

Figure 30 is the plane graph of the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of explanation relevant the 5th variation of the present invention.The associated electrical control wave guide array antenna device of the 5th variation is characterised in that, compares with the 4th variation of Figure 29, on the position of the crosspoint of Figure 29 SA1, is provided with the non-exciting element A4 that is loaded with variable reactive element 12-4.

In the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that is as above constituted, identical with above-mentioned the 4th variation, can set reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd) to variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3,12-4, thereby obtain the above diversity gain of set-point, and allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place.Here, because non-exciting element A2, A3, with line of symmetry LA1 center, be provided with on the position of online symmetry, therefore, to the setting of the reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd) of variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3,12-4, can be as another reactance value group (Xa, Xc, Xb, Xd), exchange variable reactive element 12-2,12-3 reactance value separately, and the input impedance when the power supply port of exciting element A0 is seen the antenna assembly side can not change.Therefore, antenna controller 10, according to passing through the received wireless signal of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, as above exchange resulting above-mentioned 2 groups of reactance value group (Xa setting respectively, Xb, Xc, Xd), (Xa, Xc, Xb, Xd) in 2 situations, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in each situation during for bigger value is set in each variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3, in 12-4.By like this,, can access the above diversity of set-point, and substantial variations can not take place in input impedance even under the situation that the reactance value group that each variable reactive element 12-1,12-2,12-3,12-4 is set changes yet.

The 6th variation

Figure 31 is the plane graph of the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of explanation relevant the 6th variation of the present invention.Among Figure 31,5 non-exciting element A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, with exciting element A0 is the center, and being positioned at radius is on the circumference 15 of d, distinguishes angle 180-θ at interval between non-exciting element A1 and the non-exciting element A2 and between non-exciting element A1 and the non-exciting element A5 ₁(0＜θ ₂＜θ ₁＜180) degree, is established line of symmetry LA1 here, is given angle θ with angle between the line of the position of position that is connected exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A2 ₁, and establish line of symmetry LA1, be given angle θ with angle between the line of the position of position that is connected exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A5 ₁In addition, establishing line of symmetry LA1, is given angle θ with angle between the line of the position of position that is connected exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A3 ₂, and establish line of symmetry LA1, be given angle θ with angle between the line of the position of position that is connected exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A4 ₂At this moment, the location point of 3 non-exciting element A1, A2, A5 is coupled together by the imaginary straight line that does not pass through from above-mentioned center, just formed isosceles triangle, non-exciting element A2 and A5 are symmetry axis with line of symmetry LA1, are provided with on the position of online symmetry.In addition, the location point of 3 non-exciting element A1, A3, A4 is coupled together by the imaginary straight line that does not pass through from above-mentioned center, just formed isosceles triangle, non-exciting element A3 and A4 are symmetry axis with line of symmetry LA1, are provided with on the position of online symmetry.In addition, 5 non-exciting element A1 to A5 are loaded with variable reactive element 12-1 to 12-5 respectively, and other formations are identical with above-mentioned preferred forms.

In the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that is as above constituted, identical with above-mentioned preferred forms and variation, can set reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd, Xe) to variable reactive element 12-1 to 12-5, thereby obtain the above diversity gain of set-point, and allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place.Here, because non-exciting element A2, A5, with line of symmetry LA1 is symmetry axis, be provided with on the position of online symmetry, non-exciting element A3, A4, with line of symmetry LA1 is the center, be provided with on the position of online symmetry, therefore, reactance value group (Xa to variable reactive element 12-1 to 12-5, Xb, Xc, Xd, Xe) setting, can look like another reactance value group (Xa, Xe, Xc, Xd, Xb) like this, exchange variable reactive element 12-2,12-5 separately reactance values, perhaps can look like another reactance value group (Xa, Xb, Xd, Xc, Xe) like this, exchange variable reactive element 12-3,12-4 separately reactance values, in addition, can also look like another reactance value group (Xa, Xe, Xc, Xd, Xb) like this, exchange variable reactive element 12-2,12-5 separately reactance value and the exchange variable reactive element 12-3,12-4 separately reactance values.Also be, can will be provided with as symmetry axis with line of symmetry in the reactance value group of the variable reactive element that is loaded in locational each 1 pair of non-exciting element of online symmetry, the reactance value group of the variable reactive element that is loaded at least 1 pair of non-exciting element is intercoursed.Even carry out such setting, the input impedance when the power supply port of exciting element A0 is seen the antenna assembly side can not change.Therefore, antenna controller 10, according to passing through the received wireless signal of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, as above exchange resulting above-mentioned 4 groups of reactance value group (Xa setting respectively, Xb, Xc, Xd, Xe), (Xa, Xe, Xc, Xd, Xb), (Xa, Xb, Xd, Xc, Xe), (Xa, Xe, Xc, Xd, Xb) in 4 situations, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in each situation during for bigger value is set in each variable reactive element 12-1 to 12-5.By like this,, can access the above diversity of set-point, and substantial variations can not take place in input impedance even under the situation that the reactance value group that each variable reactive element 12-1 to 12-5 is set changes yet.

The 7th variation

Figure 32 is the plane graph of the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of explanation relevant the 7th variation of the present invention.The associated electrical control wave guide array antenna device of the 7th variation is characterised in that, compares with the 6th variation of Figure 31, on the position of the crosspoint of Figure 31 SA1, is provided with the non-exciting element A6 that is loaded with variable reactive element 12-6.In this case, the same with the relation between the 4th variation and the 5th variation, by the fixing reactance value that loads the variable reactive element 12-1,12-6 of giving non-exciting element A1, A6, and the reactance value of other variable reactive element is set as the 6th variation, even under the situation that the reactance value group that each variable reactive element 12-1 to 12-5 is set changes, can access the above diversity of set-point, and substantial variations can not take place in input impedance yet.

The related invention of the 4th to the 7th variation

In the 4th and the 5th variation, in two vertex positions on the base of isosceles triangle, be symmetry axis with line of symmetry LA1, line is symmetrically arranged with non-exciting element A2, A3.In addition, in the 6th and the 7th variation, in two vertex positions on the base of isosceles triangle, with line of symmetry LA1 is symmetry axis, and line is symmetrically arranged with non-exciting element A2, A5, in addition, with line of symmetry LA1 is symmetry axis, and line is symmetrically arranged with non-exciting element A3, A4.In addition, in the 5th and the 7th variation, on the position of the crosspoint of line of symmetry LA1 SA1, non-exciting element A4 or A6 are set respectively.Above-mentioned 4 variation and from the example that they were out of shape, 1 pair or 2 pairs of non-exciting elements are symmetry axis with line of symmetry LA1, and line is symmetrical arranged, but can also expand, and is symmetry axis with the non-exciting element more than 3 pairs with line of symmetry LA1, and line is symmetrical arranged.At this moment, antenna controller 10, according to passing through the received wireless signal of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, in at least 2 situations setting the variable reactive element resulting at least 2 group reactance value groups of reactance value exchange separately that line is loaded in symmetrically arranged 1 pair of non-exciting element at least respectively, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in each situation during for bigger value is set in each variable reactive element.By like this,, can access the above diversity of set-point, and substantial variations can not take place in input impedance even under the situation of the reactance value group that each variable reactive element of variation sets yet.

In addition, also the same among the present invention with above-mentioned preferred forms, be preferably in the CDF value of cumulative probability that signal power as the wireless signal that received surpasses the situation of given signal power, during for set-point, set a plurality of reactance value groups, make diversity gain maximum in fact.In addition, identical with above-mentioned preferred forms, be preferably in the CDF value of cumulative probability that signal power as the wireless signal that received surpasses the situation of given signal power, during for set-point, set a plurality of reactance value groups, make that diversity gain is more than the set-point.

In the 4th to the 7th above variation, also non-exciting element A1 can be set, the control that loads the reactance value of the variable reactive element of giving other non-exciting elements is here carried out as mentioned above.In the 4th to the 7th variation discussed above and the variation separately thereof, include line of symmetry LA1 with the position by exciting element A0 and be symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged at least 1 pair of non-exciting element of line, have and be positioned at that above-mentioned line of symmetry LA1 goes up or be symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged a plurality of non-exciting elements of line with line of symmetry LA1, constitute Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, antenna controller 10, according to passing through the received wireless signal of this Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point and to allow the input impedance of this array antenna device that substantial variations does not take place, in at least 2 situations setting the resulting many group reactance value groups of variable reactive element reactance value exchange separately that line is loaded in symmetrically arranged 1 pair of non-exciting element at least respectively, the reactance value group of the signal power of selecting each wireless signal of being received respectively in each situation during for bigger value is set in each variable reactive element.By like this,, can access the above diversity of set-point, and substantial variations can not take place in input impedance even under the situation of the reactance value group that each variable reactive element of variation sets yet.

The the 3rd and the 4th installs example

Figure 33 installs the stereogram that is installed in the array antenna device 212 in the mobile phone 204 of example for explanation as the of the present invention the relevant the 3rd.This is installed in the example, and the top of mobile phone 204 is provided with the array antenna device 212 as 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device.Figure 34 installs the stereogram that is installed in the array antenna device 210 in the LANPC card 205 of example for explanation as the of the present invention the relevant the 4th.This is installed in the example, at the end face of the PC of LANPC card 205 link opposition side, is provided with the associated array antenna assembly 210 of above-mentioned preferred forms.

The 5th preferred forms

Figure 35 is the plane graph of explanation as the array antenna device 100A of the 5th preferred forms of the present invention.The associated array antenna assembly 100A of the 5th preferred forms, compare with the array antenna device of Fig. 9, below some is different: (1) uses the inboard to have earthing conductor 11a, dielectric constant=2.6, the Teflon substrate of dielectric loss tan δ=0.0008 is as dielectric base plate 20a.In addition, its size is vertical 50[mm], horizontal [mm], thick 0.6[mm].(2) among this dielectric base plate 20a, have the JDV2S71EE type varicap 61,62 that for example Toshiba produced that constitutes variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 respectively, and power supply with the transmission of strip conductor 50, reactance value signal with strip conductor 51,52 and be inserted in each strip conductor 51,52 and each non-exciting element A1, A2 between the chip- resistance 71,72 of for example 10k Ω.

Next contrast Figure 35, the formation of array antenna device 100A is elaborated.Among Figure 35, the inboard of dielectric base plate 20a, upper and lower sides partly is formed with earthing conductor 11a in figure roughly, in addition, in its lateral surface, each conductor fig (strip conductor) of exciting element A0 and non-exciting element A1, A2, form allow each element from the top of the earthing conductor 11a of inboard outstanding 1/4 wavelength, and parallel spaced apart d at interval each other.Here, do not form the exciting element A0 of part of earthing conductor 11a and each conductor fig of non-exciting element A1, A2 in the inboard, as antenna element, in addition, be formed with the exciting element A0 of part of earthing conductor 11a and each conductor fig of non-exciting element A1, A2 in the inboard, as microwave transmission band circuit (transmission lines).Also promptly, the point on the clover leaf exciting element A0 in the top of the conductor fig of exciting element A0 and earthing conductor 11a becomes supply terminals A0p.

Power supply for example forms the stage tapering shape of two-stage with strip conductor 50, allows the characteristic impedance phasic Chang, constitutes microwave transmission band circuit with earthing conductor 11a.Power supply is connected with the lower end 50b of exciting element A0 with the upper end 50a of strip conductor 50, its tie point constitutes power supply tie point A0f, in addition, power supply is connected with the heart yearn of the service cable that is connected the wireless receiver (not shown) with the lower end 50b of strip conductor 50.In addition, the reactance value signal transmits with strip conductor 51 and constitutes microwave transmission band circuit with earthing conductor 11a, its upper end 51a is connected with the lower end A1e of non-exciting element A1 through chip-resistance 71, in addition, its lower end 51b contrasts as described in Figure 38 as the back, is connected through the personal computer 401 of preamplifier 404 with the antenna controller 10 of pie graph 1.Equally, the reactance value signal transmits with strip conductor 52 and constitutes microwave transmission band circuit with earthing conductor 11a, its upper end 52a is connected with the lower end A2e of non-exciting element A2 through chip-resistance 72, in addition, its lower end 52b contrasts as described in Figure 38 as the back, is connected through the personal computer 401 of preamplifier 404 with the antenna controller 10 of pie graph 1.

In addition, near the lower end A1e of non-exciting element A1, plate conductor, form via hole conductor 63 (in addition, also can be in this via hole filled vias conductor at the inner peripheral surface of the via hole of the thickness direction that connects dielectric base plate 20a.), an end of via hole conductor 63 is connected near the lower end A1e of varicap 61 and non-exciting element A1.In addition, equally, near the lower end A2e of non-exciting element A2, in the via hole of the thickness direction that connects dielectric base plate 20a, fill conductor, form via hole conductor 64, an end of via hole conductor 64 is connected near the lower end A2e of varicap 62 and non-exciting element A2.The as above array antenna device that is constituted can form small-sized light weight, slim 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device.

Figure 36 is the curve chart of explanation as the VSWR frequency characteristic of the experimental result of the array antenna device 100A of Figure 35.Here, the mensuration of VSWR is at the contrary bias voltage V that loads respectively to varicap 61,62 as the reactance value signal _L=0[V], V _H=25[V] state under, in the scope of 3～7GHz, carry out.Can learn that from Figure 36 in the scope of this array antenna device 100A at 4.5～7GHz, measurement result has realized VSWR≤3.

Next, by measuring the 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A of Figure 35, switch the variation of front and back, confirm with the reactance value of the input impedance of the relevant 2 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device of former technology.Among Figure 37,,, draw on Smith chart with the input impedance of 2 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device with the 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A of 5.2GHz.Here, among the 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A, the contrary bias voltage V that in each varicap 61,62, is loaded respectively ₁With V ₂Switching before and after, almost keep the impedance matching state of 50 Ω.Relative therewith, shown in the triangle among Figure 37, high relatively bias voltage V _HSide-draw got 2 component electronics of the impedance matching of 50 Ω and controlled in the wave guide array antenna device, was switching to low relatively bias voltage V _LConstantly, input impedance is changed to Zi=39.4-j4.26[Ω] (del among Figure 37).Among the array antenna device 100A of 3 elements, be characterised in that antenna feed impedance is certain before and after switching, this can confirm by experiment.

Next, mensuration and the result thereof to the reactance diversity of the associated array antenna assembly 100A that uses the 5th preferred forms describes.

Figure 38 carries out the stereogram of mensuration system of receiver-side of experiment of the array antenna device 100A of Figure 35 for explanation.Among Figure 38, this mensuration system constructing is on the chassis 400 that has wheel, and in experimental situation, move with certain speed on one side, on one side with the variable reactance value of certain interval continuous switching array antenna assembly 100A and measure, the measurement result under the environment that obtains decaying.In this mensuration system, on the chassis 400 that has wheel, preamplifier 402, the R3371A type spectrum analyzer 403 that for example Advantest company produces of the 8349B type (gain 20dB) that the personal computer 401, for example Hewlett-Packard of master control part of the antenna controller 10 of pie graph 1 produce, direct current amplifier 404 and the array antenna device 100A with amplification degree of 2.5 are installed.

From the wireless signal that is received of the power supply tie point A0f output of the control device 100A of the array antenna of 3 elements, after being amplified by preamplifier 402, be input in the spectrum analyzer 403.Spectrum analyzer 403 carries out work under the zero span pattern, take out the voltage output that is directly proportional with the power level of the wireless signal that is received, through the A/D conversion port that is connected with personal computer 401, it is saved in the harddisk memory in the personal computer 401.The switching of reactance value, synchronous by the D/A pattern conversion that is connected with personal computer 401 with the A/D conversion, at V _H, V _LBetween switch varicap 61,62 contrary bias voltage carry out.Among this embodiment, because the output voltage of D/A changing pattern is 10[V to the maximum], therefore, be amplified to 2.5 times by direct current amplifier 404, be connected with varicap 61,62 on the 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A.Switching cycle is 1.5 microseconds, the relative translational speed of the mensuration system of Figure 38, and allowing measurement result before and after the switching of reactance value look like almost is the value of being measured simultaneously.This value is (reference example such as the non-patent literature 5 and 6) that the result of study with reference to the random areas determination method of being undertaken by spatial diversity antennas and RF switch determines.

Figure 39 is the plane graph of the layout of the experimental situation of the array antenna device 100A of explanation Figure 35.As shown in figure 39, place at the radio transmitters 410 with 5.2GHz under the state of center in room 415, the mensuration system of the receiver-side of Figure 38 moves with certain speed along dotted line 411 and to measure.The height that is provided with of array antenna device 100A all is 1.2m at transmitter side and receiver side.

Figure 40 is the experimental result as the array antenna device 100A of Figure 35, shows the curve chart corresponding to the CDF value of standardization power of diversity gain.This experimental result has shown the curve according to the CDF value of the normalized received power [dB] that measurement result derived in the experimental situation of Figure 39.Here, the CDF value of the longitudinal axis is the received power among the 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A, has shown the cumulative probability that is derived under than the big situation of the value of transverse axis.State 1, state 2 are respectively and input to the contrary bias voltage that is carried in each varicap 61,62 among non-exciting element A1, the A2 is (V1, V2)=(0,25) [V], (V1, V2)=(25,0) cumulative probability distribution curve under the situation of [V].The higher side of received power in selecting before and after the switching of contrary bias voltage, selected synthetic result's cumulative probability distribution curve is represented by solid line (diversity).

Result under the situation of state 1 and state 2, the Rayleigh curve in Figure 40 almost, the experimental situation of anticipation Figure 39 is the less decay environment of influence of ground wave.By under the situation of not carrying out diversity with the situation of carrying out under received power poor, also be diversity gain, estimate the diversity ability of 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A.Can learn from Figure 40, cumulative probability distribute (CDF value) be to compare under 90% the situation, obtained the diversity gain 303 of about 4dB by diversity reception, received power is improved as can be seen.In addition, be 90% o'clock in the darker CDF value of decay, obtained the diversity gain 304 of about 7dB.

As mentioned above, motion based on the reactance diversity of 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A, and confirm by experiment.Do by trial-production, proved that plane 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A can make up by dielectric base plate 20a and two varicaps 61,62.This means that plane 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A can be by installing at a low price.In addition, as mentioned above, among the 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A, the input impedance of the antenna assembly before and after having confirmed by experiment to switch is certain.The result who measures diversity gain learns, is the diversity gain that obtained about 7dB at 99% o'clock in the CDF value.In addition, can confirm that according to experiment the diversity reception by plane 3 element arrays antenna assembly 100A are carried out has demonstrated the damping capacity of anti-the multichannel.

The 6th preferred forms

Figure 41 is the plane graph of the array antenna device 100B of explanation relevant the 6th preferred forms of the present invention.The associated array antenna assembly 100B of the 6th preferred forms compares with the array antenna device of Fig. 9, and below some is different.(1) has the dielectric base plate 20b of substrate data shown in Figure 41, replace dielectric base plate 20.(2) length of the above-below direction of earthing conductor 11a is λ g.Here, the effective wavelength of being obtained for dielectric constant ε r by dielectric base plate 20b.

In addition, among Figure 41, t is the thickness of dielectric base plate 20b, and ε r is its dielectric constant, and σ is the conductance that is formed on the conductor on the dielectric base plate 20b.

The control device that is used for the employed array antenna device 100B of this preferred forms is identical with the formation of Fig. 1.Here, non-exciting element A1, A2 have loaded the varicap as variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 respectively.Load reactance and only be merely able to obtain negative reactance at varicap, therefore, allowing dielectricity be under the situation in the variable range, serial or parallel connection connects impedance as required.Load to give the Dc bias of varicap, the controller 10 by Fig. 1 switches.Also promptly, will load reactance value (x ₁, x ₂) at (x ₁, x _h) and (x _h, x ₁) switch between these two values, change the directive property of this array antenna device 100B.This preferred forms value with determining the loading reactance value of the directive property that each diversity is propped up, is called " branch's reactance ".Therefore, the constant x by above-mentioned reactance value _h, x ₁Two directive property that determined are " diversity is propped up ".According to the relevant formation of this preferred forms, can be not by switching the impedance that change antenna, two mate by the fixed constant circuit.

In this preferred forms, the switching of reactance value by single receiving circuit switched antenna, can be used the algorithm of antenna switched diversity (reference example such as non-patent literature 7) or antenna selection diversity (reference example such as non-patent literature 8 and 9).Below control by the latter's algorithm.In general, if switched diversity props up in the antenna system of wireless receiver, the phase place that receives wireless signal will become discontinuous, can make mistakes between 1～2 signal at least.For fear of this situation, in the preamble interval that the beginning portion three of received frame or time slot is provided with, with " branch's reactance " at x ₁, x _hSwitch within these two values,, receive the data interval of this time slot in RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indication is called the value of quantizing of the intensity of the electric wave signal that receives) fixedly branch's reactance of high side.Therefore, if decling phase enough postpones slot length, just can access with detection after select the synthetic equal characteristic of diversity.

Next, computer simulation and the result thereof to associated array antenna assembly 100B of using this ideal execution mode etc. describes.In addition, in this computer simulation, estimate the error ratio characteristic of the reactance diversity reception under the multiplex environment by computer simulation.Each element in this computer simulation is as shown in table 1.

Table 1

Simulate all key elements

Parts number 3

Element spacing d=0.1 λ

Several 8 of incident wave

Incident wave direction evenly distribute (0-2 π)

Incident wave amplitude rayleigh distributed

Incident wave phase place evenly distribute (0-2 π)

Decay decays to frequency-flat low speed

Use following two antenna models in this computer simulation.

(1) is arranged on and has a monopole antenna device that radius is the cylindrical shape of 1/100 wavelength (below be called ad infinitum template die type) on the unlimited floor.

(2) go up formed array antenna device 100B (below be called the printed base plate model) with the made dielectric base plate 20b of printed on both sides substrate (below be called printed base plate) at the high frequency of thickness t=0.6mm shown in Figure 41 as 3 component electronics control wave guide array antenna device.Here, form the microwave transmission band circuit that strip conductor constituted on dielectric base plate 20b, its front end extends upward λ/4 (λ is a free space wavelength) here, from the top of earthing conductor 11a.The mensuration frequency is 5.2GHz.The line width of microwave transmission band circuit is to allow the characteristic impedance of strip conductor be 50[Ω] value.Therefore, suppose each element A0, A1, port P0, the P1 of A2 lower end, P2, almost equal with the electric current in the top of the earthing conductor 11a of each element A0 that constitutes unipolar component, A1, A2.

In this computer simulation, in the base station, carry out the reactance diversity reception, suppose that transmission lines is Jack (Jakes) model shown in Figure 42.Also promptly, (DOA) φ arrives M single ripple from the azimuth at random.The DOA of each single ripple is evenly distributed among 0-2 π, and the phase place of each single ripple and amplitude are respectively even distribution and rayleigh distributed.Here, h _m, φ _mBe respectively the transfer function and the DOA of m single ripple.The transfer function of single ripple is corresponding with the position of exciting element A0.If provide the phase place and the amplitude of each single ripple, transfer function till the input of receiving circuit just becomes the directive property of Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device, the function of branch's reactance, in general, under the situation of N+1 element, represent by following formula.

$h(x_1,x_2,...x_N)=\underset{m=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}D\left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_m\right)h_m=\underset{m=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{h}_m{w}^{T}a\left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_m\right)---\left(27\right)$

Also promptly, select transfer function (x ₁, x _h) and (x _h, x ₁) absolute value in a bigger side, as the amplitude of received signal.Suppose additivity white Gauss noise (AWGN), for the thermal noise in the receiver input, if its power density is N ₀, then can obtain instantaneous signal and noise power ratio (E corresponding to attenuation variation _b/ N ₀).Here, establishing modulation system is BPSK, supposes by postponing detection and carries out demodulation, and then the error rate (below be called BER) Pc represents (reference example such as non-patent literature 10) by following formula.

$P_e=\frac{1}{2}{e}^{-\mathrm{\&gamma;}}---\left(28\right)$

Here

γ＝E _b/N ₀ (29)

In this computer simulation, in each receiving slot (frame), produce the h of each single ripple by random number _m, φ _m, obtain transfer function h (x ₁) and transfer function h (x _h), or transfer function h (x ₁, x _h) and transfer function x (x _h, x ₁), obtain the BER of each receiving slot by above-mentioned formula (28).Promptly, allowing does not have attenuation variation in the time slot yet, to the enough slow decay of slot length supposition.

Next, the calculating of parity price weight vector describes.At first, calculate weight vector w of equal value by above-mentioned formula (19) and formula (20).Each key element of admittance matrix Y is used according to component shape shown in the table 1 and configuration, the following train value of obtaining by square (moment) method.

(1) each key element of the admittance matrix under the situation of template die type ad infinitum

y00＝8.843×10 ^-4-j4.389×10 ^-2

y01＝y02＝1.545×10 ^-3+j2.390×10 ^-2

y11＝y22＝9.882×10 ^-3-j2.663×10 ^-2

y12＝8.944×10 ^-4-j8.776×10 ^-4

(30)

(2) each key element of the admittance matrix under the situation of printing model

y00＝7.920×10 ^-4-j1.383×10 ^-2

y01＝y02＝6.275×10 ^-4+j6.212×10 ^-3

y11＝y22＝3.841×10 ^-3-j8.665×10 ^-3

y12＝4.250×10 ^-4+j6.770×10 ^-4

(31)

Here, unit is S (Siemens, Q ^-1), y _MnThe key element of the capable n+1 row of m+1 of expression admittance matrix Y.About above resulting weight vector w of equal value, changing reactance value x ₁Or reactance value x ₂The time track, using under the situation of template die type ad infinitum, shown in Figure 43 to 45, under the situation of using the printed base plate model, shown in Figure 46 to 48.Under the former situation of ad infinitum template die type, following formula is set up.

(w ₀w ₁)＝w ^T (32)

In addition, under the situation of the latter's printed base plate model, following formula is set up.

(w ₀w ₁w ₂)＝w ^T (33)

According to non-patent literature 11, from reactance value x ₁Or reactance value x ₂To power w of equal value ₀, w ₁Or w ₂Mapping be linear transformation, therefore, their track all is round, is reducing reactance value x ₁Or x ₂The time direction of rotation all be counterclockwise.In addition, among Figure 43 to Figure 45, per 10 Ω of from 0 to-80 Ω draw 1 reactance value x ₂

Next, the BER characteristic is described.Use resulting power w of equal value, carry out computer simulation by above-mentioned condition.Resulting BER characteristic as shown in figure 49.In order to compare, also shown by be provided with the very good ad infinitum template die type (unipole antenna) of (10 λ) enough far away and the coupling space diversity of being carried out, with the no diversity performance of this unipole antenna.Reactance (the x of branch _h, x ₁), for template die type ad infinitum, shown the situation of (0 ,-30) [Ω] and (0 ,-60) [Ω],, shown the situation of (0 ,-70) [Ω] and (0 ,-110) [Ω] for the printed base plate model.Its power of equal value is represented by arrow in Figure 43.Ad infinitum in the template die type, characteristic is best under the situation of (0 ,-60) [Ω], can access and the almost consistent characteristic of space diversity.In addition, in the printed base plate model, characteristic is good under the situation of (0 ,-110) [Ω], but for space diversity, at BER=10 ^-3In can see the deterioration of about 3dB.

According to above result, in order to obtain the high diversity gain, consider between diversity is propped up, the spaced apart setting on complex plane of equivalence power.Therefore, in the design of reactance diversity, can set branch's reactance, allow corresponding equivalence power on complex plane, leave mutually.Can learn the combination continuity said reference of branch's reactance (0 ,-60), (-60,0) [Ω] according to Figure 43 to Figure 45.In addition, in the printed base plate model, also can see the deterioration of about 3dB.But, worsening one of essential factor and be that impedance does not match is caused, can be easy to improve by simple match circuit.The equivalence power w of exciting element A0 ₀, be the electric current that electric current when mating by reactance comes this element of standardization A0, therefore, more away from w ₀=1+j0, VSWR just increases more, [dB] of gain decline following formula degree.

10log(2Re[w ₀]-|w ₀| ²) (34)

Figure 46 (x1, x2)=(0 ,-110) [Ω], to (gain of w0=0.97-j0.53) reduces, and is 1.5dB according to above-mentioned formula (34), therefore, space diversity under the situation that is provided with the suitable resistance match circuit is worsened for remaining 1.5dB, at BER=10 ^-3In be the diversity gain of 10.5dB.

But, the curve of the BER characteristic of Figure 49, almost parallel with space diversity, this expression relevant almost becomes 0 as what diversity was propped up.Therefore, the deterioration of remaining 1.5dB, expression average gain (mean value of power gain under comprehensive) is about 0.7 to desirable unipole antenna.We think that this is that the imperfection of analytic modell analytical model is caused except the dielectric loss tan δ and the caused loss of conductance of the dielectric base plate 20b of printed base plate model.Also be, above parsing is each port P0, the P1 according to Figure 41, the electric current among the P2, and the supposition (being similar to) that equates with the element power supply (the top of earthing conductor 11a) of unipole antenna is carried out, but in fact because 3 bar shaped circuit influences each other generally are different.

According to more than, as the design basis of reactance diversity, can carry out following summary.

(1) diversity is propped up between (two directive property being switched), allows equivalence weigh on complex plane apart from one another by opening.Also promptly, it is maximum to set the distance of the diversity that allows on the complex plane between propping up.

(2) if the equivalence of exciting element A0 power near 1+j0, then can be omitted the impedance matching circuit between antenna assembly and the service cable.

Above-mentioned (1) is resulting according to the simulation under the specified conditions, still needs for its generality and inquires in theory.But the equivalence between diversity is propped up is weighed under the very approaching situation, can learn that both directive property is also very approaching, and the incoming level between branch uprises, and diversity gain reduces.Therefore, above-mentioned (1) is necessary condition at least.

As mentioned above, under two states, switch reactance value,, estimate with the setting benchmark of reactance to binary system reactance diversity reception characteristic.Estimate the error rate under the Rayleigh decay in the multiplex model by computer simulation.Consequently,, in the formation of 3 elements, under the situation of the unipole antenna of template die type ad infinitum, obtain the diversity gain of 12dB, in the unipole antenna of printed base plate model, obtain the diversity gain of 10.5dB at element spacing 0.1 wavelength.In addition, the design basis of reactance value diversity being discussed, show the relativeness between the branch of weight vector of equal value, with the equivalence of power supply component power, also is that impedance matching is extremely important.

Appendix

Below, use the theory in the non-patent literature 11, to loading reactance, also be that the relation between branch's reactance and the power of equal value is carried out the theory explanation.At first, use the formula of determinant rule (cramer rule), solve above-mentioned formula (20), obtain following formula about weight vector w of equal value.

$w_k=\frac{\det (v_0{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="v"\; filenames="C200480001939E00541.png,C200480001939E00721.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_1...v_{k-1}{2z}_S{u}_0{v}_{k+1}...v_N)}{\det V}---\left(35\right)$

Here,

V＝Y-1+X＝(v ₀?v ₁?v ₂…v _N)；0≦k≦N (36)

Next, at first vertical angles describe.To certain k, with i ≠ k (all reactance x during 0≤i≤N) _iReactance x when being fixed up _kTo weight vector w of equal value _kAnd w _iBe mapped as linear transformation, be the isogonism mapping.Prove as follows.

In certain matrix V, include reactance x _kKey element have only the capable k+1 row of the k+1 of diagonal angle key element.Will (0≤k≤N) launch in the row obtains following formula at k+1 as the det (V) of the denominator of above-mentioned formula (18).

$\det V=(z_{\mathrm{k\; k}}+{\mathrm{jx}}_k)\det V_{k+1k+1}+\underset{i=0,\&NotEqual;k}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{(-1)}^{i+k}{z}_{\mathrm{ik}}\det V_{i+1k+1}$

(37)

Here, V _MnBe listed as resulting matrix, z for from matrix V, removing the capable n of m _MnThe capable n row of the m key element of expression admittance matrix Y-1.Therefore, include x _kItem the 1st on the right just, about reactance x _kIt is 1 formula.Equally, about each x _iIt also is 1 formula.In addition, the molecule of above-mentioned formula (18) if launch, then can access following formula too in the k+1 row, do not comprise x _k

det(v ₀v ₁…v _k-1?2z _su ₀?v _k+1…v _N-1)＝(-1) ^k+22z _sdet?V _1?k+1

(38)

In addition, about each x _iIt is 1 formula.Also promptly, become the form of following formula.

Therefore, power w of equal value _kBe from reactance x _k(about complex function) linear transformation, also be from reactance x _iLinear transformation.So, according to the character of linear transformation, the equivalence power w during certain specific reactance of conversion _kTrack for the circle.Particularly, at constant reactance x _i(0≤k≤N-1, i ≠ k) and conversion reactance x _kThe time, power w of equal value _kDepict round track by initial point.

Next, the common point of the anglec of rotation of parity price power track describes below.As mentioned above, the denominator of above-mentioned formula (35) is reactance x _iExpression of first degree, all be common to all k.In addition, molecule is when i ≠ k, at reactance x _iExpression of first degree under the situation of i=k, do not comprise reactance x _iTherefore, power w of equal value _kCan be write as the form of following formula.

$w_k=a_{\mathrm{ik}}+\frac{b_{\mathrm{ik}}}{{\mathrm{jx}}_i+c_i}---\left(40\right)$

Here, a _Ik, b _Ik, c _iBe inverse matrix Y by admittance matrix ^-1, genertor impedance z _sAnd loading reactance x _iThe plural number that (i ≠ 1) is determined does not comprise x _iParticularly, under the situation of k=I, aik=0.At this moment, the denominator jx on the 2nd on the right of above-mentioned 40 _i+ c _iCorresponding to the conversion of reactance, allow rectilinear motion on the complex plane, therefore, according to the equivalence power w of the character of linear transformation _iTrack be circle by initial point.Here, jx _i+ c _iTo all k is common, therefore, and power w of equal value _kBy plural b _IkTo 1/ (jx _i+ c _i) track carry out similarity transformation and rotation, by plural a _IkCarry out parallel moving.Therefore, the anglec of rotation on the locus circle is to all equivalence power w _kInclude 1/ (jx _i+ c _i) round track on the anglec of rotation and direction of rotation, be common.Also promptly, if because reactance x _iSuitable variation, allow power w of equal value _iAnglec of rotation θ on locus circle, power w then of equal value _kAlso anglec of rotation θ on same direction.

Other variation

In the characteristic of Figure 50 for the pairing input impedance Zin of control voltage that in the relevant variable reactive element 12-1,12-2 of variation of the present invention, loaded of explanation and reactance value X1, X2,3 state P1, P2, the curve chart of P3 that can set.

In above-mentioned the 1st preferred forms, to from two groups of reactance value groups, selecting 1 group of reactance value group, the situation that the essence conversion does not take place in the input impedance that makes it possible to obtain the above diversity gain of set-point and allow above-mentioned array antenna is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this, can also be as shown in figure 50, from reactance value group more than 3 groups or 3 groups, select 1 group of reactance value group, make it possible to obtain the above diversity gain of set-point and allow the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna that the essence conversion does not take place.

In the above execution mode, above-mentioned array antenna has exciting element, is set to and a plurality of non-exciting element at given interval, above-mentioned exciting element interval and a plurality of variable reactive element that are connected respectively with above-mentioned each non-exciting element.By changing the reactance value that sets in above-mentioned each variable reactive element, above-mentioned each non-exciting element is used as wave guide or reflector, and changes the antenna assembly of the directional property of array antenna.Here, antenna controller 10, preferably according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, do not limit and will allow input impedance that substantial variations does not take place, and in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, from a plurality of situations of setting many group reactance value groups respectively, signal quality according to each wireless signal that under above-mentioned a plurality of situations, is received, according to given selection reference, select 1 combination in above-mentioned many group reactance value groups, be set in above-mentioned a plurality of variable reactive element.

In addition, above-mentioned a plurality of situations are according to by the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, and allow the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna that substantial variations does not take place, and set the situations of many group reactance value groups respectively.

In addition, the signal quality of above-mentioned each wireless signal, be not limited in signal power, can also use signal strength signal intensity, signal to noise ratio, comprise that ratio, carrier signal and noise ratio, the error rate, the frame error ratio of the noise of interference noise and signal, any in the packet error rate estimate.

In addition, above-mentioned selection reference preferably allows the signal quality of each wireless signal of being received under above-mentioned a plurality of situation be more than the given threshold value.Perhaps, above-mentioned selection reference, under the situation of any in the noise that the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is signal power, signal to noise ratio, comprise interference noise and ratio, carrier signal and the noise ratio of signal, preferably select to allow this signal quality be peaked reactance value group.Perhaps, above-mentioned selection reference, the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is under any situation in the error rate, frame error ratio, the packet error rate, selects to allow this signal quality be the reactance value group of minimum value.

In addition, antenna controller 10, when the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is discontented with given threshold value, from above-mentioned many group reactance value groups, select any 1 reactance value group, repeat the processing of above-mentioned selection, above-mentioned signal quality reaches given selection reference in selected reactance value group.Perhaps, antenna controller 10, when the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations does not satisfy given threshold value, from above-mentioned organize the reactance value groups according to 1 reactance value group of given selective sequential more, repeat the processing of above-mentioned selection, above-mentioned signal quality reaches given selection reference in this selected reactance value group.

In addition, antenna controller 10 preferably changes above-mentioned threshold value on one side in given range, generally switch above-mentioned a plurality of situation, and the threshold value the when signal quality of above-mentioned each wireless signal is satisfied given selection reference is set at above-mentioned threshold value.

In addition, above-mentioned antenna controller 10 preferably allows the signal quality of the wireless signal in the situation of present selected reactance value group, reduces above another the low threshold value of the above-mentioned threshold value of ratio of given natural number of times, carries out the setting of above-mentioned threshold value.In addition, perhaps, above-mentioned antenna controller 10 when being preferably in the radio communication device that detects the control device that above-mentioned array antenna is installed mobile, carries out the setting of above-mentioned threshold value.In addition, antenna controller 10.When the modulation demodulation system that is preferably in the radio communication device of the control device that above-mentioned array antenna is installed is switched, carry out the setting of above-mentioned threshold value.In addition, antenna controller 10.When the frequency of utilization that is preferably in the radio communication device of the control device that above-mentioned array antenna is installed is switched, carry out the setting of above-mentioned threshold value.In addition, antenna controller 10 is preferably in according to above-mentioned selection reference, selects 1 group in above-mentioned many group reactance value groups, when being set in above-mentioned a plurality of variable reactive element, stops the switching of this group during given.

As mentioned above, the control device of associated array antenna of the present invention, be to have the exciting element that is used for receiving the wireless signal that is sent out, be set to and above-mentioned the exciting element a plurality of non-exciting element at given interval and a plurality of variable reactive element that are connected respectively with above-mentioned each non-exciting element at interval, by changing the reactance value that sets in above-mentioned each variable reactive element, above-mentioned each non-exciting element is used as wave guide or reflector, and the control device of the array antenna of the directional property of variation array antenna.Here, the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, have according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, and in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, from a plurality of situations of setting many group reactance value groups respectively, according to the signal quality of each wireless signal that under above-mentioned a plurality of situations, is received, according to given selection reference, select 1 combination in above-mentioned many group reactance value groups, be set in the controlling organization in above-mentioned a plurality of variable reactive element.Therefore, compared with former technology, hardware constitutes very simple, simultaneously, can obtain sizable diversity gain by very simply control.Particularly, therefore the very big effect of improving of the antenna gain in the time of can obtaining existing the multichannel decay by simple 1 control, can realize being installed in the diversity antenna in the civilian consumer goods terminal installations such as mobile terminal device or PC card.In addition, in relevant 1 control of the present invention, need be before the continuous control variable reactive element in the technology necessary control voltage take place use the DA transducer, therefore, can realize the further miniaturization and the low priceization of antenna assembly.

In addition, in the control device of above-mentioned array antenna, above-mentioned a plurality of situation, be according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, and allow the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna that substantial variations does not take place, and set the situation of many group reactance value groups respectively.Therefore, compared with former technology, hardware constitutes very simple, simultaneously, can obtain big diversity gain by very simple control.In addition, substantial variations can not take place in the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna.

In addition, associated array antenna assembly of the present invention, be have 1 exciting element, the above-mentioned exciting element of clamping and with above-mentioned exciting element setting two non-exciting elements point-blank, and two variable reactive element that are connected respectively with above-mentioned each non-exciting element, by changing the reactance value that sets in above-mentioned each variable reactive element, above-mentioned each non-exciting element is used as wave guide or reflector, and changes the array antenna device of the directional property of array antenna.Here, above-mentioned array antenna device has: have parallel to each other the 1st with the 2nd dielectric base plate, be formed in given the 1st zone among the 2nd of above-mentioned dielectric base plate earthing conductor and on the 1st of above-mentioned dielectric base plate, have the given length of giving prominence to from the face of the zone in above-mentioned the 1st zone, and have formed 3 strip conductors that are used separately as above-mentioned exciting element and above-mentioned two non-exciting elements in given interval.Therefore, can in the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of 3 elements, provide a kind of small-sized light weight and slim array antenna device.

Industry is used

According to described the present invention, to compare with former technology, hardware consists of very simple, simultaneously, energy Enough in very simply control, obtain sizable diversity gain. In addition, above-mentioned array antenna Substantial variations can not take place in input impedance. Particularly, can obtain existing by simple 1 control Therefore the very big effect of improving of the antenna gain in multichannel when decay, can realize being installed in portable Diversity antenna in the civilian consumer goods terminal installations such as formula terminal installation or PC card. In addition, of the present invention In relevant 1 control, need to be not necessary in the technology before the continuous control variable reactive element Control voltage takes place use the DA converter, therefore, can realize antenna assembly further miniaturization and Low priceization. In addition, in the Electronic Control wave guide array antenna device of 3 elements, can provide one Plant small-size light-weight and slim array antenna device.

Claims (19)

1. the control device of an array antenna, have the exciting element that is used for receiving the wireless signal that is sent out, be set to above-mentioned exciting element at interval with a plurality of non-exciting element at given interval and a plurality of variable reactive element that are connected respectively with above-mentioned each non-exciting element, by changing the reactance value that sets in above-mentioned each variable reactive element, above-mentioned each non-exciting element is moved as wave guide or reflector, and the directional property of variation array antenna, it is characterized in that having:

According to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, from a plurality of situations of setting many group reactance value groups respectively, signal quality according to each wireless signal that under above-mentioned a plurality of situations, is received, according to given selection reference, select 1 group in above-mentioned many group reactance value groups, be set in the controlling organization in above-mentioned a plurality of variable reactive element;

Above-mentioned a plurality of situation is according to by the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, and allows the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna that substantial variations does not take place, and sets the situations of many group reactance value groups respectively.

2. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

The signal quality of above-mentioned each wireless signal is used signal strength signal intensity, signal power, signal to noise ratio, is comprised that ratio, carrier signal and noise ratio, the error rate, the frame error ratio of the noise of interference noise and signal, any in the packet error rate estimate.

3. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned selection reference is that the signal quality of each wireless signal of being received under above-mentioned a plurality of situation is more than the given threshold value.

4. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned selection reference, under the situation of any in the noise that the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is signal power, signal to noise ratio, comprise interference noise and ratio, carrier signal and the noise ratio of signal, select to allow this signal quality be peaked reactance value group.

5. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned selection reference, the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations are under any situation in the error rate, frame error ratio, the packet error rate, select to allow this signal quality be the reactance value group of minimum value.

6. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned controlling organization, during given threshold value that the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is not enough, from above-mentioned many group reactance value groups, select 1 reactance value group arbitrarily, repeat the processing of above-mentioned selection, above-mentioned signal quality reaches given selection reference in selected reactance value group.

7. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned controlling organization, during given threshold value that the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received under above-mentioned a plurality of situations is not enough, from above-mentioned organize the reactance value groups according to 1 reactance value group of given selective sequential more, repeat the processing of above-mentioned selection, above-mentioned signal quality reaches given selection reference in this selected reactance value group.

8. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned controlling organization, given range in change above-mentioned threshold value on one side, switch above-mentioned a plurality of situation on one side, the threshold value the when signal quality of above-mentioned each wireless signal is satisfied given selection reference is set at above-mentioned threshold value.

9. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned array antenna has non-exciting element of even number and even number variable reactive element,

The non-exciting element of above-mentioned even number, by at least 1 the 1st group of non-exciting element, with at least 1 the 2nd group of non-exciting element formation,

The variable reactive element of above-mentioned even number, by the 1st group of variable reactive element that is connected with above-mentioned the 1st group of each non-exciting element respectively, and the 2nd group of variable reactive element formation that is connected with above-mentioned the 2nd group of each non-exciting element respectively,

Above-mentioned a plurality of situation comprises and sets the 1st situation of the 1st reactance value group with the 2nd group of variable reactive element to above-mentioned the 1st group, and sets the 2nd situation of the 2nd reactance value group with the 2nd group of variable reactive element to above-mentioned the 1st group,

Above-mentioned controlling organization according to the signal quality of each wireless signal that is received respectively under the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd situation, is selected the reactance value group, is set in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd group of variable reactive element.

10. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned array antenna, has the 1st and the 2nd non-exciting element, above-mentioned the 1st reactance value group constitutes for reactance value Xa, the Xb that the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd non-exciting element is set, and above-mentioned the 2nd reactance value group constitutes for reactance value Xb, the Xa that the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd non-exciting element is set.

11. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned aerial array has from above-mentioned exciting element only at interval with given interval, and the identical in fact at interval set a plurality of non-exciting element of angle mutually,

Above-mentioned a plurality of situation comprises, according to by the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, sets the situation with the resulting many group reactance value groups of each reactance value circulation respectively.

12. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned aerial array has from above-mentioned exciting element only at interval with given interval, and the identical at interval set a plurality of non-exciting element of angle mutually,

Above-mentioned a plurality of situation, comprise according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, and allow the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna that substantial variations does not take place, and set situation respectively the resulting many group reactance value groups of each reactance value circulation.

13. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned aerial array comprises,, has and is positioned on the above-mentioned line of symmetry or is symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged a plurality of non-exciting elements of line with the line of symmetry as symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged at least 1 pair of non-exciting element of line with the line of symmetry of the position by above-mentioned exciting element;

Above-mentioned a plurality of situation comprises, according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, the reactance value of setting at least 1 pair of non-exciting element that above-mentioned line symmetry is set respectively exchanges at least two situations of resulting many group reactance value groups.

14. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned aerial array comprises that line of symmetry with the position by above-mentioned exciting element is symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged at least 1 pair of non-exciting element of line, has to be positioned on the above-mentioned line of symmetry or to be symmetry axis and the symmetrically arranged a plurality of non-exciting elements of line with the line of symmetry;

Above-mentioned a plurality of situation comprises, according to passing through the received wireless signal of above-mentioned array antenna, in order to obtain the diversity gain more than the set-point, and allow the input impedance of above-mentioned array antenna that substantial variations does not take place, and set at least two situations of the resulting many group reactance value groups of reactance value exchange of at least 1 pair of non-exciting element that above-mentioned line symmetry is set respectively.

15. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Surpass the CDF value of cumulative probability of the situation of given signal power in signal power, during for set-point, sets the above-mentioned reactance value group of organizing more, make diversity gain maximum in fact as the wireless signal that received.

16. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

The CDF value of cumulative probability that surpasses the situation of given signal power in the signal power as the wireless signal that received during for set-point, is set and is organized reactance value group above-mentioned more, makes that diversity gain is more than the set-point.

17. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned array antenna, have 1 exciting element and the above-mentioned exciting element of clamping and with above-mentioned exciting element setting two non-exciting elements point-blank.

18. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that:

With the distance between above-mentioned exciting element and above-mentioned each non-exciting element, be set at 1 length in the length between 0.1 times to 0.35 times of wavelength of the wireless signal that is received.

19. the control device of array antenna as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned array antenna has:

Have parallel to each other the 1st with the 2nd dielectric base plate; And

Be formed on the earthing conductor in given the 1st zone among the 2nd of above-mentioned dielectric base plate;

And on the 1st of above-mentioned dielectric base plate, have from the outstanding given length of facing mutually with above-mentioned the 1st zone in zone, and have given interval and form respectively as above-mentioned exciting element and above-mentioned two 3 strip conductors that non-exciting element moves.

Images