CN100496601C - 一种治疗小儿喘嗽的中药合剂 - Google Patents
一种治疗小儿喘嗽的中药合剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以清热解毒,疏散风热的药物如金银花、连翘,宣肺化痰平喘药物如桔梗、浙贝母、马兜铃、白果,润肺止咳的药物如瓜蒌仁、百合,祛痰利咽喉的药物如山豆根、射干等26味中药制成的一种治疗小儿喘嗽的中药合剂。本发明的特点是除了应用传统的宣通肺气、化痰止咳平喘的药物外,还增加了润肺药物、利咽药物,用于治疗小儿急慢性支气管炎、肺炎、上呼吸道感染、百日咳和感冒引起的闷喘咳嗽。
Description
技术领域 本发明属于中药合剂领域,尤其是一种治疗小儿哮喘的制剂,主要治疗新生儿至十二岁儿童多种原因引起的闷喘咳嗽的小儿喘嗽的中药合剂。
背景技术 目前,我国生产的治疗儿童闷喘咳嗽的中药、西药、中成药很多。但是,有的药物疗效缓慢,有的药物小儿吞咽困难,还有的药物副作用太大。中药如桑菊饮(主要成份为桑叶、菊花、杏仁、连翘、薄荷、甘草、桔梗、芦根)治疗小儿外感风热咳嗽,清宁散(主要成份为桑白皮、葶苈子、赤茯苓、车前子、灸甘草)治疗小儿内伤痰热咳嗽,沙参麦冬汤(主要成份为沙参、麦门冬、玉竹、甘草、桑叶、白扁豆、天花粉)治疗小儿内伤阴虚燥咳;麻杏石甘汤(主要成份为麻黄、杏仁、石膏、甘草)、定喘汤(主要成份为麻黄、白果、黄芩、半夏、款冬花、桑白皮、甘草、杏仁、苏子)治疗小儿哮喘,上述药物都存在疗效慢和服药困难的不足;中成药如枇杷止咳糖浆、复方甘草合剂同样疗效缓慢;西药如磷酸可待因,容易成瘾;青霉素类有过敏反应;头孢类药易致小儿腹泻;氨基甙类有耳毒性及肾毒性的不良反应,且易产生抗药性。对于小儿“脏腑娇嫩”“形气未充”的生理特点不利。
发明内容 本发明的目的是针对小儿属“纯阳之体”、“形气未充”、“脏腑娇嫩”卫外功能较差的生理特点和小儿服药困难等实际情况,提供了一种用于治疗小儿喘嗽,且疗效快、无毒副作用的中药合剂。
本发明是这样实现的:针对临床上小儿闷喘、咳嗽以热症、实症、阳症为多见,在外感咳喘中,小儿风寒咳喘大多为时短暂,将因化热传里出现痰热雍肺之象。本发明不但应用了清热宣肺、化痰平喘的药物如黄芩、浙贝母、桔梗、金银花等,还应用了润肺止咳的药物如瓜蒌仁、百合,此外,添加了祛痰利咽喉的药物如山豆根、射干。因为咳嗽是一种神经反射过程,咽适则咳轻。考虑到本处方寒性药物较重,恐伤脾胃,故加生姜温中止呕。诸药共为碎末,浸泡时间较长,煎煮时间短,所以药的利用率较高,并且减少了药物有效成份的挥发。药物煎好后药汁中加冰糖矫正口味,并且服用量小,故小儿容易接受。
具体实施方式 下面结合本发明的主要成份做进一步详述。
配方一如下:
金银花5-8%,瓜蒌仁5-8%,连翘5-7%,黄芩4-6%,桔梗4-6%,浙贝母4-6%,马兜铃4-6%,蜜炙枇杷叶4-6%,鱼腥草4-5%,牛蒡子4-5%,芦根4-5%,甘草4-5%,百部4-5%,元参4-5%,射干1-3%,山豆根1-3%,竹叶1-3%,莱菔子1-3%,白果1-3%,大青叶1-3%,百合1-3%,天花粉1-3%,沙参1-3%,生地黄1-3%,生姜1-3%,青黛1-2%,冰糖适量。
金银花,味甘、性寒,归肺、胃、大肠经,具有清热解毒、轻宣疏散之效;瓜蒌仁,味甘、性寒,归肺、胃、大肠经,具有润肺化痰的功效;连翘,味苦、性微寒,归肺、心、胆经,具有清热解毒透邪,并善于散上焦之热;黄芩,味苦、性寒,归肺、胆、胃、大肠经,善长清肺热;桔梗,味苦、辛,性平,归肺经,具有开宣肺气,祛痰作用;浙贝母,味苦、性寒,归肺、心经,具有化痰止咳,清热散结的作用;马兜铃,味苦,微辛,性寒,归肺、大肠经,具有清肺化痰、止咳平喘作用;蜜炙枇杷叶,味苦、性平,归肺、胃经,具有化痰止咳作用;鱼腥草,味辛,性微寒,归肺经,具有清肺经热邪之效;牛蒡子,味辛、苦,性寒,归肺、胃经,具有疏散风热、清肺利咽的功效;芦根,味甘、性寒,归肺、胃经,具有清泄肺热,润燥缓咳作用;甘草,味甘、性平,归心、肺、脾、胃经,具有润肺止咳、缓和药性、调和诸药的功效;百部,味甘、苦,性平,归肺经,具有润肺止咳的作用;元参,味苦、甘、咸,性寒,归肺、胃、肾经,具有清热、解毒、养阴作用;射干,味苦、性寒,归肺经,具有清热解毒,祛痰利咽的作用;山豆根,味苦、性寒,归肺经,有清热解毒,利咽喉的作用;竹叶,味甘、淡,性寒,归心、肺、胃经,有清热除烦、生津作用;莱菔子,味辛、甘,性平,归脾、胃、肺经,具有降气化痰的作用;白果,味甘,苦、涩、性平,有小毒,归肺经,具有敛肺平喘作用;大青叶,味苦、性大寒,归心、肺、胃经,具有清热解毒的作用;百合,味甘,微寒,归肺、心经,具有润肺止咳作用;天花粉,味苦、微甘,性寒,归肺、胃经,具有清泄肺热,降膈上热痰并润肺燥的作用;沙参,味甘、性微寒,归肺、胃经,具有清肺养阴的作用;生地黄,味甘、苦,性寒,归心、肝、肾经,具有养阴生津的作用;生姜,味辛、性微温,归肺、脾经,具有温中止呕,温肺止咳作用;青黛,味咸,性寒,归肝、肺、胃经,具有清肺热以消痰止嗽作用。冰糖有矫味的作用,同时达到糖的饱和浓度后有防腐作用,有利于本发明合剂的贮存。方中提到白果有小毒,但用量小,且有甘草缓和药性,造不成危害。这些药配伍效果增强,毒付作用减少,能很快起到清热化痰、宣肺平喘、润肺利咽止咳的作用。
配方二如下:金银花6-8%,瓜蒌仁6-8%,连翘6-7%,黄芩6%,桔梗5-6%,浙贝母5-6%,马兜铃5-6%,蜜炙枇杷叶5-6%,鱼腥草4-5%,牛蒡子4-5%,芦根4-5%,甘草4-5%,百部4-5%,元参4-5%,射干2-3%,山豆根2-%,竹叶2-3%,莱菔子2-3%,白果2-3%,大青叶2-3%,百合2-3%,天花粉2-3%,沙参2-3%,生地黄2-3%,生姜2-3%,青黛1-2%,冰糖适量。
配方三如下:金银花8%,瓜蒌仁8%,连翘7%,黄芩6%,桔梗6%,浙贝母6%,马兜铃6%,蜜炙枇杷叶6%,鱼腥草4%,牛蒡子4%,芦根4%,甘草4%,百部4%,元参4%,射干2%,山豆根2%,竹叶2%,莱菔子2%,白果2%,大青叶2%,百合2%,天花粉2%,沙参2%,生地黄2%,生姜2%,青黛1%,冰糖适量。
本发明治疗小儿喘嗽中药合剂的制备方法:
枇杷叶用蜜炙、生姜切薄片备用,其他24味药共粉碎末,与蜜炙枇杷叶、生姜片一起浸泡在4倍于药物总重量的清水里,搅拌均匀,浸泡两小时后,放在武火上煎至水开,改用文火再煎八分钟,用三层纱布将药汁过滤到广口容器中,所得药汁是清水的1/3左右,将冰糖细末倒入过滤后的药液,边倒边搅拌,然后放在武火上加热至100℃,使冰糖达到饱和状态,制成糖浆,闭火冷却,盛入消过毒的容器中密封备用。
服法及用量:下面是一个月到十二岁儿童服药量:
1个月:10毫升/日;3个月:16毫升/日;5个月:20毫升/日;7个月:24毫升/日;9个月:28毫升/日;11个月:34毫升/日;1周岁:38毫升/日;3周岁:48毫升/日;5周岁:58毫升/日;7周岁:66毫升/日;9周岁:72毫升/日;11周岁:78毫升/日;12周岁:80毫升/日,均分3-4次口服。
本发明是根据小儿属“纯阳之体”的生理特点和临床多见热症、实症、阳症而配制的,所以临床上治疗婴幼儿疗效较好,而治疗成人的闷喘咳嗽疗效差。
典型病例1:尹世成,男1岁5个月,3周前因受凉而导致咳喘、发热,随即到中原油田采油四厂第四医院就诊。经拍胸片诊断为支气管肺炎,于是静脉点滴头孢曲松钠、双黄莲注射液,一周后发热症状消失,但咳喘症状不减,经他人介绍来我处就诊,听诊肺部布满罗音,于是给其口服本发明合剂,每日40毫升,分3-4次口服。3日后症状大减,7日后肺部罗音消失。
典型病例2:李慈慈,女,2周岁。二周前出现咳嗽,食欲差、多汗。服多种止咳化痰药无效,且症状逐渐加重。5天前出现痉挛性咳嗽:咳时面红耳赤,涕泪交流,头颈筋脉怒张,连续咳嗽十余声而无间歇,最后以深吸气而暂停。当她深吸气时,喉中发出宛如鸡鸣的吼声。这种痉挛性咳嗽一日发作二十余次,日轻夜重,肺部听诊无异常,诊为百日咳。施用本发明合剂每日42毫升,分3-4次口服,3日后痉挛性咳嗽次数减少,7日后鸡鸣样回音消失,10日后全部症状消失。
效果对比(选择年龄、性别、体质、病情一致的小儿以3日为期作对比):
药名 病儿数 治愈数 显效数 有效数 无效数
本发明合剂 566 408 128 26 4
复方甘草合剂 566 260 132 128 46
麻杏石甘汤 566 204 119 50 193
定喘汤 566 196 129 58 183
由此可见,本发明3日内总显效率94.7%,3日内总有效率99.3%。优于对照组。
Claims (3)
1、一种用于治疗小儿喘嗽的中药合剂,其特征在于,由以下药物组配而成:金银花、瓜蒌仁、连翘、黄芩、桔梗、浙贝母、马兜铃、蜜炙枇杷叶、鱼腥草、牛蒡子、芦根、甘草、百部、元参、射干、山豆根、竹叶、莱菔子、白果、大青叶、百合、天花粉、沙参、生地黄、生姜、青黛、冰糖,将上述药物武火烧开,文火煎煮八分钟,过滤后制成糖浆,装入容器备用,所说的药物组配重量比如下:金银花5-8%、瓜蒌仁5-8%、连翘5-7%、黄芩4-6%、桔梗4-6%、浙贝母4-6%、马兜铃4-6%、蜜炙枇杷叶4-6%、鱼腥草4-5%、牛蒡子4-5%、芦根4-5%、甘草4-5%、百部4-5%、元参4-5%、射干1-3%、山豆根1-3%、竹叶1-3%、莱菔子1-3%、白果1-3%、大青叶1-3%、百合1-3%、天花粉1-3%、沙参1-3%、生地黄1-3%、生姜1-3%、青黛1-2%,冰糖适量。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗小儿喘嗽的中药合剂,其特征在于:各药物重量比如下:金银花6-8%、瓜蒌仁6-8%、连翘6-7%、黄芩5-6%、桔梗5-6%、浙贝母5-6%、马兜铃5-6%、蜜炙枇杷叶5-6%、鱼腥草4-5%、牛蒡子4-5%、芦根4-5%、甘草4-5%、百部4-5%、元参4-5%、射干2-3%、山豆根2-3%、竹叶2-3%、莱菔子2-3%、白果2-3%、大青叶2-3%、百合2-3%、天花粉2-3%、沙参2-3%、生地黄2-3%、生姜2-3%、青黛1-2%,冰糖适量。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗小儿喘嗽的中药合剂,其特征在于:各药物重量比如下:金银花8%、瓜蒌仁8%、连翘7%、黄芩6%、桔梗6%、浙贝母6%、马兜铃6%、蜜炙枇杷叶6%、鱼腥草4%、牛蒡子4%、芦根4%、甘草4%、百部4%、元参4%、射干2%、山豆根2%、竹叶2%、莱菔子2%、白果2%、大青叶2%、百合2%、天花粉2%、沙参2%、生地黄2%、生姜2%、青黛1%,冰糖适量。
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| CN101954062B (zh) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-05-30 | 安政权 | 一种治疗慢性咽炎的药物 |
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| CN102488834B (zh) * | 2011-12-12 | 2013-08-14 | 张永扬 | 一种治疗急性上呼吸道感染的药剂 |
| CN102579922A (zh) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-18 | 薛喜凤 | 一种治疗小儿久咳不愈的药物 |
| CN102580003B (zh) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-07-17 | 赵莹 | 一种治疗小儿哮喘的中药口服液及制备方法 |
| CN102670870B (zh) * | 2012-05-28 | 2014-03-26 | 林诗莲 | 一种治疗小儿急性化脓扁桃体炎的中草药制剂 |
| CN102688406B (zh) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-12-04 | 李良 | 治疗咳嗽的鱼腥草中药汤剂及制备方法 |
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| CN103495129B (zh) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-04-22 | 许其树 | 一种治疗咽喉肿痛的中药组合物 |
| CN104027642A (zh) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-10 | 黄艳梅 | 一种用于小儿护肺止咳的中药组合物 |
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