CN100486763C - Accurate gripping tongs for the machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a precision vise used on a machine tool, the invention aims to solve the problems in the prior low speed moving vise where the operation is complicated and the working efficiency is low and in the prior high speed moving vise where the overspeed or overwearing and damage occur easily, the clamping accuracy is low and the service life is short; the invention adopts a novel structure of the double lateral locking and positioning, the technical proposal is that the invention consists of a vise base, a fixing vise jaw, a moving vise jaw and a quick moving mechanism, and is characterized in that a gear rack is arranged at the two sides of a vise base guiding rail, the quick moving mechanism consists of a nut base, a thrust screw rod and an expander, the expander consists of a pair of moving gear blocks, an expansion control rod and a reset spring, the outside of the moving gear blocks are respectively provided with a tooth row joggled with the tooth rack at the two sides of the vise base guiding rail, the expansion control rod matches with the moving gear block in driving manner, the expansion control rod matches with the nut base, the handholding end of which is arranged outside the nut base, the reset spring is connected with the two moving gear blocks, the thrust screw rod matches with the moving vise jaw, a flexible connection is adopted between the moving vise jaw and the quick moving mechanism.

Description

A precision flat-nose pliers for machine tools

technical field

The invention belongs to a working mechanism on a machine tool, and specifically refers to a precision flat-nose pliers used on a machine tool.

Background technique

On the machining machine tool that is generally used at present, vise (also claiming clamp) is the common working mechanism that is used for clamping workpiece. The structure of a general flat nose pliers is composed of a pliers base, a fixed jaw fixed on the pliers base, a movable jaw slidingly fitted on the pliers base, a screw rod rotatably fitted on the pliers base, and a nut installed on the movable jaws. Wherein the nut and the screw rod are threadedly matched. Since the adjustment of the opening of the jaws is realized by turning the screw rod to move the movable jaws at a slow speed, many turns of the screw rod must be rotated each time the opening of the jaws is adjusted, which is not only cumbersome to operate, but also has low work efficiency. People improve and design the vise that can move movable jaw quickly for this reason, and its improvement point is to replace former nut with split nut, and the control mechanism that controls split nut opening and closing is set on movable jaw. When it is necessary to adjust the opening of the jaws, first open the split nut through the control mechanism, release the threaded relationship between the split nut and the screw rod, push the movable jaw to move quickly to contact with the workpiece to be clamped, and then pass the control mechanism Close the split nut, restore the thread fit relationship between the split nut and the screw rod, and then turn the screw rod to clamp the workpiece with the movable jaw. In this way, the number of turns required to rotate the screw rod is very small, which can greatly improve the clamping efficiency of the flat nose pliers. Work efficiency and reduce operation hassle. However, clamping machining workpieces generally requires a large clamping force. Due to the specific structural characteristics of the existing vise with fast moving movable jaws, the split nuts with weak load-bearing capacity and the screw rods matched with them It has become a weak point of clamping stress concentration, so it often causes the thread of the split nut and the screw to be too fast or excessively worn, which reduces the clamping accuracy of the flat-nose pliers, and easily causes damage to the split nut and the screw, shortening the flat-nose pliers service life.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the operation troubles and low work efficiency of the existing vise with movable jaws moving at a slow speed, and the vise with fast moving jaws that are easy to be too fast or excessively worn and damaged, the clamping accuracy of the vise To reduce defects such as shortened service life of flat pliers, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved precision flat pliers used on machine tools, which can overcome the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a precision flat-nose pliers used on a machine tool, which consists of a clamp base, a fixed jaw fixed on the clamp base, a movable jaw slidingly fitted on the guide rail of the clamp base, and an installation It is composed of a quick-moving mechanism that cooperates with the movable jaw on the clamp base, and its feature is: racks are provided on both sides of the guide rail of the clamp base, and the fast-moving mechanism is composed of a nut seat that is slidably fitted on the guide rail of the clamp base, and a screw thread. The thrust screw on the nut seat is composed of a tensioner set on the nut seat. The tensioner is composed of a pair of movable tooth blocks slidingly fitted on the inner groove of the nut seat, a tension control rod and a return spring. There is a tooth row on the outside of the gear block that can engage with the rack on one side of the guide rail of the clamp base, and a tooth row on the outside of the other movable gear block that can engage with the rack on the other side of the guide rail of the clamp base. The control part cooperates with the matching part inside the movable tooth block, the rod part of the expansion and contraction control rod cooperates with the nut seat, the handle end of the expansion and contraction control rod is outside the nut seat, and the two ends of the return spring are respectively connected to the two movable tooth blocks. On the block, the pushing end of the thrust screw cooperates with the movable jaw.

A flexible connection can also be made between the above-mentioned movable jaw and the fast-moving mechanism, so that they can advance and retreat at the same time when moving quickly on the clamp base, so as to facilitate operation and not prevent the thrust screw from locking the fast-moving mechanism against the movable jaw. push action. The specific structure can be: a screw hole leading to the movable jaw is set on the nut seat, the front section of the screw hole is a sleeve spring hole section with a larger diameter, and the screw with the compression spring is passed through the screw hole and threaded in the screw hole. On the corresponding threaded hole of the movable jaw, that is to say, the clip spring is located in the sleeve spring hole section of the screw hole and behind the screw head, providing the screw with an elastic movable space section.

The control part of the above-mentioned expansion and contraction control rod can be a two-way cam disc, and the matching part on the inside of the movable tooth block is a cam groove, and the cooperation between the rod part of the expansion and contraction control rod and the nut seat is a rotational fit; the control of the expansion and contraction control rod The part can also be the end of a screw rod, and the matching part inside the movable tooth block is a wedge-shaped piece that slides and fits with the inclined surface inside the movable tooth block, and the rod part of the screw rod is threadedly matched with the nut seat; The control part can also be of other applicable structures. The structure of the control part is different, and the structure of the matching part inside the movable tooth block and the matching relationship between the rod part of the expansion and contraction control rod and the nut seat will change correspondingly. The function of the expansion and contraction control rod control part is to push the movable tooth block to move outward to open, or cancel the pushing action to make the movable tooth block to move inward to contract.

The tooth shape of the above-mentioned rack and tooth row can be arc-shaped teeth, rectangular teeth, trapezoidal teeth, conical teeth or saw-shaped teeth and so on.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: Since the flat-nose pliers adopt a double-lateral locking and positioning structure, that is, racks are provided on both sides of the guide rail of the clamp base, and the fast moving mechanism is slidably fitted on the guide rail of the clamp base as an independent mechanism, and is fitted on the nut by sliding The opening of the two movable tooth blocks of the tensioner in the slot in the seat allows the tooth row on it to engage on the rack, so that the rapid movement mechanism is fixed, and then the thrust screw on the rapid movement mechanism is used to push the movement In this way, the clamping stress of the flat-nose pliers will be distributed to both sides of the clamp seat, and will not be concentrated on a part with a weak load-bearing capacity, so the flat-nose pliers are not easy to be worn or damaged too quickly or excessively. The clamp accuracy and service life have been improved; since the tensioner is composed of a pair of movable tooth blocks slidingly fitted on the inner groove of the nut seat, a tension control rod, and a return spring, the control part on the tension control rod is matched with the In the matching part inside the movable tooth block, the handle end of the expansion and contraction control rod is outside the nut seat, so it is very convenient to control the opening or contraction of the two movable tooth blocks through the expansion and contraction control rod. When the two movable tooth blocks shrink, The fast-moving mechanism is not restricted by the racks on both sides of the guide rail of the clamp seat, and can be pushed and moved quickly like the movable jaw. When the two movable tooth blocks are opened, the fast-moving mechanism can be fixed, which greatly improves the work efficiency; The jaws and the fast-moving mechanism can also be connected through a soft connection structure, so that they can advance and retreat at the same time when moving on the clamp base, without hindering the pushing action of the thrust screw to the movable jaw after the fast-moving mechanism is fixed, so that the operation more convenient.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the clamping state of the workpiece in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of part separation in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the two movable tooth blocks and the return spring in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a perspective enlarged schematic view of an alternative structural solution of the tensioner in Fig. 3 .

In the figure: 1, clamp base; 2, fixed jaw; 3, clamp base guide rail; 4, movable jaw; 5, fast moving mechanism; 6 and 7, rack; 8, nut seat; 9, thrust screw; 10 1. Tensioner; 11. Inner groove of the nut seat; 12 and 13. Movable tooth block; 14. Tension control rod; 15. Return spring; 16 and 17. Gear row; 18. Control part; 19. Cooperating part; 20, rod; 21, handle end; 22, push end; 23, screw hole; 24 and 25, screw hole; 26 and 27, compression spring; 28 and 29, screw; 30 and 31, threaded hole; 32 , hole; 33 and 34, installation groove; 35 and 36, threaded hole; 37, lower plate; 38, lever; 39, expansion and contraction control rod; 40, control part; Wedge; 44, rod; 45, return spring.

Detailed ways

Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the precision flat-nose pliers used on this machine tool consists of a clamp base 1, a fixed jaw 2 fixed on the clamp base 1, a movable jaw 4 slidingly fitted on the guide rail 3 of the clamp base, and a clamp mounted on the clamp base. The fast moving mechanism 5 matched with the movable jaw 4 on the base 1 is formed, and its characteristic is that racks 6 and 7 are provided on both sides of the guide rail 3 of the clamp base, and the fast moving mechanism 5 is fitted on the guide rail 3 of the clamp base by sliding. The nut seat 8 on the top, the thrust screw 9 threaded on the nut seat 8 and the tensioner 10 arranged on the nut seat 8 are composed of a pair of movable tooth blocks that slide and fit on the inner groove 11 of the nut seat 12 and 13, expansion and contraction control rod 14 and return spring 15, etc., there is a tooth row 16 on the outside of a movable tooth block 12 that can be engaged with the rack 7 on the side of the clamp seat guide rail 3, and the outer side of the other movable tooth block 13 There is a tooth row 17 that can be engaged with the rack 6 on the other side of the clamp guide rail 3, and the control portion 18 on the expansion and contraction control rod 14 is matched with the matching portion 19 on the inside of the movable tooth block 12 and 13, and the expansion and contraction control rod The rod portion 20 of 14 cooperates with the nut seat 8, the handle end 21 of the expansion and contraction control rod 14 is outside the nut seat 8, and the two ends of the return spring 15 are connected to the pegs of the two movable tooth blocks 12 and 13 respectively, and the thrust The pushing end 22 of the screw rod 9 cooperates with the movable jaw 4 . In addition, when the fixed jaw 2 is fixed on the clamp base 1, the fixed jaw 2 can be fixed by screws through the screw holes 23 on the clamp base 1 and the threaded holes on the bottom surface of the fixed jaw 2; Also be provided with the screw holes 24 and 25 that lead to movable jaw 4, the front section of screw holes 24 and 25 is the larger sleeve spring hole section of diameter, and the screws 28 and 29 that are respectively sleeved with stage clips 26 and 27 pass through the screws. The holes 24 and 25 are screwed with the corresponding threaded holes 30 and 31 of the movable jaw 4 to form a soft connection structure; the control part 18 of the expansion and contraction control rod 14 is a two-way cam disc, and the cooperation of the movable tooth blocks 12 and 13 insides Part 19 is a cam groove, and the rod part 20 of the tension control rod 14 is rotated and fitted on the hole 32 of the nut seat 8; the tooth profiles of the racks 6, 7 and the tooth rows 16, 17 are arc teeth; And the movable jaw 4 is also provided with mounting grooves 33, 34 and threaded holes 35, 36 etc. for expanding the scope of use; together.

When clamping the workpiece, put the workpiece on the clamp seat 1 close to the fixed jaw 2 in the state shown in Figure 1; at this time, the lever 38 on the handle end 21 of the expansion and contraction control lever 14 faces upward, and the movable tooth block 12 and 13 are in the retracted position, and the fast moving mechanism 5 can be pushed by hand to slide quickly to the left together with the movable jaw 4 until the movable jaw 4 is in contact with the workpiece placed on the clamp base 1; The lever 38 of the control rod 14 is in the state shown in Fig. 2, at this moment, the movable tooth blocks 12 and 13 are pushed out by the double cam surfaces of the control part 18 and open, and the tooth rows 16 and 17 on the movable tooth blocks 12 and 13 Engage with the racks 7 and 6 on both sides of the guide rail 3 of the clamp seat 1 respectively, so that the fast moving mechanism 5 can be fixed; then turn the thrust screw 9 to push the movable jaw 4 toward the workpiece, so that the workpiece can be clamped; at this time Screw 28 and 29 compression stage springs 26 and 27 move to the left with movable jaw 4. At this point, the state in Figure 2 is formed. After the machining of the workpiece is completed, unscrew the thrust screw 9, the screws 28 and 29, under the elastic force of the compression springs 26 and 27, drive the movable jaw 4 to move to the right to release the workpiece, and turn the expansion and contraction control lever 14 to the lever 37 upwards, at this moment the fast moving mechanism 5 can slide back quickly to the right together with the movable jaw 4.

Referring to Figure 5, this is a structural solution that can replace the tensioner 10 shown in Figures 3 and 4, specifically: the control part 40 of the tension control rod 39 is the end of a screw rod, and the inside of the movable tooth blocks 41, 42 The mating portion is a wedge-shaped piece 43 that slides with the inclined surfaces inside the movable tooth blocks 41, 42, and the rod portion 44 of the screw rod is threadedly engaged with the hole 32 of the nut seat 8. When the expansion and contraction control lever 39 is turned to make the control part 40 move to the left, the wedge 43 pushes the movable tooth blocks 41, 42 to move outward and open; when the expansion and contraction control lever 39 is turned to make the control part 40 move to the right, the wedge 43 moves to the right under the promotion of spring (omitted on the figure), and movable tooth blocks 41, 42 move inward and contract under the effect of return spring 45 etc.

Claims (6)

1, the precision flatnosed pliers of using on a kind of lathe, by the pincers seat, be fixed on the regular jaw on the pincers seat, be slidingly fitted in the moving jaw on the pincers guide rail and be installed in the pincers seat and go up the fast moving mechanism formation that cooperates with moving jaw, it is characterized in that: described pincers seat guide rail both sides are provided with tooth bar, described fast moving mechanism is by the nut seat that is slidingly fitted on the pincers seat guide rail, threaded engagement constitutes at thrust screw rod on the nut seat and the hypertonic device that is arranged on the nut seat, the hypertonic device is by a pair of movable tooth piece that is slidingly fitted on the nut seat inside groove, hypertonic control lever and return spring constitute, there is the tooth row that can engage with the tooth bar of pincers seat guide rail one side in the one movable tooth piece outside, there is the tooth row that can engage with the tooth bar of pincers seat guide rail opposite side in another movable tooth piece outside, control part on the hypertonic control lever matches with the auxiliary section of movable tooth piece inboard, the bar portion of hypertonic control lever cooperates with nut seat, the handgrip termination of hypertonic control lever is in outside the nut seat, return spring two ends are connected on the two movable tooth pieces, and the promote-side of thrust screw rod cooperates with moving jaw.

2, by the precision flatnosed pliers of using on the described lathe of claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting between described moving jaw and the fast moving mechanism and be flexible coupling, concrete structure is: establish the screw hole that leads to moving jaw on nut seat, the leading portion of screw hole is sheathed spring eye section, pass screw hole and threaded engagement on the corresponding screwed hole of moving jaw by the screw that is arranged with stage clip, be that stage clip is in the sheathed spring eye section of screw hole and is in the screw head back, provide flexible removable space segment to screw.

3, by the precision flatnosed pliers of using on claim 1 or the 2 described lathes, the control part that it is characterized in that described hypertonic control lever is a two-way cam disc, the auxiliary section of movable tooth piece inboard is a cam path, and the bar portion of hypertonic control lever cooperates for being rotatably assorted with nut seat.

4, by the precision flatnosed pliers of using on claim 1 or the 2 described lathes, the control part that it is characterized in that described hypertonic control lever is the end of a screw rod, the auxiliary section of movable tooth piece inboard is the wedge shape part that is slidingly matched with the inboard inclined-plane of movable tooth piece, and the bar portion of screw rod is a threaded engagement with cooperating of nut seat.

5, by the precision flatnosed pliers of using on claim 1 or the 2 described lathes, the profile of tooth that it is characterized in that described tooth bar and tooth row all is arc tooth, rectangular teeth, stepped tooth, conical tooth or saw shape tooth.

6,, it is characterized in that the handgrip termination of described hypertonic control lever is provided with barre by the precision flatnosed pliers of using on claim 1 or the 2 described lathes.

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