CN100466580C - 总线系统的初始化方法和装置 - Google Patents

总线系统的初始化方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN100466580C
CN100466580C CNB2006100828205A CN200610082820A CN100466580C CN 100466580 C CN100466580 C CN 100466580C CN B2006100828205 A CNB2006100828205 A CN B2006100828205A CN 200610082820 A CN200610082820 A CN 200610082820A CN 100466580 C CN100466580 C CN 100466580C
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signal
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signals
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CN101047595A (zh
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石清泉
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种总线系统的初始化方法。初始化方法包括：所有节点检测线路信号，检测到信号的节点被确定为非时钟节点；未被确定为非时钟节点的节点通过主动发送信号并间歇检测信号，进一步将检测到信号的节点确定为非时钟节点；未被确定为非时钟节点的节点通过发送消息并确认应答，最后确定唯一的时钟节点。时钟节点发送信号使得所有节点的时钟基本同步。时钟节点向所有其他节点广播发送扩频码，其他节点分别从扩频码中选定唯一扩频码。本发明通过在总线系统初始化阶段使所有节点按照一定策略检测和发送信号，确定出系统的时钟节点，从而实现了无序到有序的转变，并通过时钟节点向所有节点分发唯一扩频码，实现了系统资源的有效分配。

Description

总线系统的初始化方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及总线通信技术，尤其涉及一种总线系统的初始化方法和装置。
背景技术
家庭网络的概念在很多年以前就已经被大家熟知，但迄今为止，还没有一套真正的基于家庭网络的产品投入规模使用。主要原因是还没有一套比较合适的家庭网络的物理层协议被制定。同时由于通讯技术、音视频编解码技术的高速发展，家庭网络的概念已不仅仅是以前所关注的控制和安全方面的通讯网络，也不是简单的高速视频流或接入方面的通讯网络，而是一种融合的全方位的网络体系。
从应用的角度，作为一个家庭网络应具有以下的特性：易用性，兼容性，鲁棒性。从通讯技术角度来看，作为一个家庭网络应具有以下的特点：是一个总线系统，有突发的低速率码流，有比较长时间的高速码流。
一般情况下部署在家庭内部的线路网络如图1所示(如电力线)，其特点是总线上通讯节点数比较多，拓扑结构比较复杂，具有多等级多速率的数据流。
OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，正交频分复用)的调制系统的传输信号是由帧构成的，每一个帧包含所有的频带信息且具有一个固定的时长(如图2所示时长为τ)。
电力线信道与其他的一些信道相比具有一些特别的特性，尤其是作为总线传输时。其特征主要有频率的选择性衰落、比较明显的多径效应、时变特性、线路本底噪声比较大等。具有这些特性的信道在通讯的时候要求接收器对信道有比较强的自适应跟踪能力。如图1中当A1和C2进行通讯时，C2接收到的信号有从A1直接发送的信号，有从其他不同节点的反射信号，同时由于节点的位置和数目的不同，这些反射信号到达的时间、强弱均不同。在接收端要求有比较好的时域均衡和/或频域补偿。
如图2所示，数据帧的结构为一个同步帧加上N个OFDM数据帧。其中这N个OFDM数据帧用来传输高速数据，这一个同步帧用来传输低速数据。
同步帧的传输使用码分复用的方式用来传输低速数据。
N个OFDM数据帧的调制方式为OFDM调制，解决多个链路同时通讯用时分复用方式。在某些特殊的情况下，为了提高系统的通讯速率采用频分复用；在一些更特殊的情况下，为了提高系统的通讯速率采用空分复用。
下面举例说明实际情况：
如图3所示，101为A1和D1间的低速通讯链路，102为B2和D3间的低速通讯链路；103为B1和C2间的高速通讯链路，104为C1和D2间的高速通讯链路。复用分配如图4所示(不影响一般性，假设每9个OFDM帧插入一个同步帧)。
也可以根据链路数据的比例来分配时隙，假设103与104的速率比例为3:6，则时隙分配方法如图5所示(不影响一般性，假设每9个OFDM帧插入一个同步帧)。
为了顺利地初始化满足家庭应用的总线通讯系统，需要一种总线通讯方法，使总线系统从无主的无序状态进入有序状态，并实现系统资源的有效分配。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种总线系统的初始化方法和装置，用于使总线系统顺利地完成初始化，并有效地分配系统资源。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的第一方面，本发明提供了一种总线系统的初始化方法。初始化方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S102，总线系统中的所有节点均检测线路信号，检测到信号的节点被确定为非时钟节点；
步骤S104，未被确定为非时钟节点的节点通过主动发送信号并间歇检测信号，进一步将未被确定为非时钟节点的节点中检测到信号的节点确定为非时钟节点；
步骤S106，未被确定为非时钟节点的节点向其他节点发送要求所述其他节点发送信号的消息，并在检测到所述其他节点发送的信号的情况下，将所述未被确定为非时钟信号的节点确定为唯一的时钟节点。
步骤S102可以包括：总线系统中的所有节点在一段时间内检测线路信号，如果节点检测到信号，则不再参与后续确定时钟节点的流程。
步骤S104可以包括：在步骤S102中未被确定为非时钟节点的节点立即在一段随机时间内发送信号，并在在停止发送信号后的预定时间内检测线路信号，如果未被确定为非时钟节点的节点检测到信号，则不再参与后续确定时钟节点的流程。随机时间的确定步骤可以包括：未被确定为非时钟节点的节点开始发送信号时产生随机数，并启动计数器，当计数器计数与随机数相等时，停止发送信号。
步骤S106可以包括：在步骤S104中未被确定为非时钟节点的节点立即在一段随机时间内停止发送信号，然后广播消息，要求其他节点发送信号，并所述未被确定为非时钟节点的节点在发送完消息后的一段时间内检测信号，如果检测到信号，则本节点为时钟节点。
总线系统的频域可以包括：第一频率组和第二频率组，步骤S102和S104中检测第一频率组的信号，步骤S106中检测第二频率组的信号。
步骤S106以后，时钟节点可以执行扩频码分发步骤：以FSK调制方式在第一频率组的频段内向所有其他节点广播发送扩频码和扩频码的序号，其他节点分别从扩频码中选定唯一扩频码。
扩频码分发步骤可以进一步包括：其他节点从广播数据中分别随机选择一个扩频码并保存序号，时钟节点要求选定不同序号的扩频码的节点在第二频率组的频段内分别发送扩频码和物理地址。
扩频码分发步骤可以进一步包括：其他节点从广播数据中分别随机选择一个扩频码并保存序号，时钟节点要求选定相同序号的扩频码的节点在未被选定的扩频码中分别重新选择一个扩频码并保存序号。
时钟节点可以确定帧界，并从FSK调制方式改变为CDMA调制方式。
其他节点可以分别广播各自的能力列表，由时钟节点确定最终工作方式。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的第二方面，本发明提供了一种总线系统的初始化装置。总线系统的频域包括以下频率范围：第一频率组和第二频率组，初始化装置包括：检测模块，用于检测线路信号；发送模块，用于发送第一频率组的信号；确定模块，用于确定时钟节点或非时钟节点。
检测模块在大于预定时间的一段时间内检测线路信号，如果检测到第一频率组的信号，则确定模块将节点确定为非时钟节点；如果未检测到第一频率组的信号，则发送模块在一段随机时间内发送第一频率组的信号，检测模块在停止发送信号后的预定时间内检测线路信号，如果检测到第一频率组的信号，则发送模块不发送信号，确定模块将节点确定为非时钟节点；如果未检测到第一频率组的信号，则发送模块继续发送信号，确定模块将节点确定为时钟节点。
通过上述技术方案，本发明通过在总线系统初始化阶段使所有节点按照一定策略检测和发送信号，确定出系统的时钟节点，从而实现了无序到有序的转变，并在时钟同步的基础上，通过时钟节点向所有节点分发唯一扩频码，实现了系统资源的有效分配。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是家庭网络的线路的示意图；
图2是总线系统中数据帧结构的示意图；
图3是家庭网络中通讯链路的示意图；
图4是高速链路时分、低速链路码分的帧结构示意图；
图5是高速链路比例时分、低速链路码分的帧结构示意图；
图6是根据本发明的总线系统初始化方法的流程图；
图7是根据本发明的总线系统初始化方法的流程图；
图8是根据本发明的总线系统初始化方法中确定时钟节点的流程图；
图9是根据本发明实施例的频率空间分组示意图；以及
图10是根据本发明实施例的确定时钟节点的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图详细说明本发明。
参考图6，根据本发明的总线系统(其频域包括第一频率组和第二频率组)初始化方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S102，总线系统中的所有节点均检测线路信号，检测到第一频率组信号的节点被确定为非时钟节点。即，总线系统中的所有节点在一段时间内检测线路信号，如果节点检测到第一频率组信号，则不再参与后续确定时钟节点的流程。
步骤S104，未检测到第一频率组信号的节点通过主动发送第一频率组信号并间歇检测信号，进一步将检测到第一频率组信号的节点确定为非时钟节点。即，在步骤S102中未检测到第一频率组信号的节点立即在一段随机时间内发送第一频率组信号，并在在停止发送第一频率组信号后的预定时间内检测线路信号，如果节点检测到第一频率组信号，则不再参与后续确定时钟节点的流程。
步骤S106，未检测到第一频率组信号的节点通过发送消息并确认应答，最后确定唯一的时钟节点。即，在步骤S104中未检测到第一频率组信号的节点立即在一段随机时间内停止发送信号，然后广播消息，要求其他节点发送第二频率组信号，并在发送完消息后的一段时间内检测信号，如果检测到第二频率组信号，则本节点为时钟节点。
参考图7，根据本发明的总线系统初始化方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S200，时钟节点向所有其他节点广播发送扩频码；
步骤S202，其他节点从广播数据中分别随机选择一个扩频码；
步骤S204，时钟节点判断是否存在同时选定相同扩频码的节点，如果存在，则进行至步骤S206，如果不存在，则进行至步骤S208；
步骤S206，时钟节点要求选定相同扩频码的节点在未被选定的扩频码中分别重新选择一个扩频码，返回至步骤S204；
步骤S208，时钟节点要求选定不同扩频码的节点在第二频率组的频段内分别发送扩频码和物理地址。
参考图8，步骤S200之前，可以通过以下步骤来确定时钟节点：
步骤S1002，总线系统中的每个节点在大于t1的一段随机时间内检测线路信号，如果节点未检测到第一频率组的信号，则进行至步骤S1004，如果节点检测到第一频率组的信号，则进行至步骤S1008；
步骤S1004，节点在一段随机时间内发送第一频率组的信号；
步骤S1006，节点在停止发送信号后的t1内检测线路信号，如果检测到第一频率组的信号，则进行至步骤S1008，如果未检测到第一频率组的信号，则进行至步骤S1012；
步骤S1008，节点不发送信号，并被确定为非时钟节点；
步骤S1010，总线系统中被确定为非时钟节点之外的节点在大于t1的一段时间内检测线路信号，如果节点未检测到第一频率组的信号，则进行至步骤S1004，如果节点检测到第一频率组的信号，则进行至步骤S1008；
步骤S1012，节点继续发送信号，并被确定为时钟节点。
本发明主要是解决使总线系统顺利的完成初始化，不至于进入一个无主的无序状态。
下面描述当图1所示的系统上电时，所有的节点的工作步骤。
在初始化阶段，在整个频率空间内，交错的分出两种频率范围(如图9所示)。初始化过程如下：
第一步：确定时钟节点。
参考图10，一种实现方式描述如下：
1、完成本机自检。
2、检测线路信号一段大于t1的随机时间。
3、如果始终没有频率组1的信号，则立即发送频率组1的信号，同时产生一个随机数，并启动一个计数器。
4、当计数器计数与随机数相等时，停止发送信号一定的时间(t1)，并检测线路是否有频率组1的信号。
5、如果在t1时间内没有频率组1的信号，则继续发送频率组1的信号，该节点被确定为时钟节点，确定时钟节点的步骤结束。
6、如果在2中检测到有频率组1的信号，则不发送信号，该节点被确定为非时钟节点。
7、如果在4中检测到频率组1的信号，则不发送信号，该节点被确定为非时钟节点。
本发明把进行到5的通讯节点称为“时钟节点”。
另一种实现方式描述如下：
每个节点使用一个8比特的初始化状态寄存器。
1、完成开机自检。初始化状态寄存器设为00H。
2、检测线路信号一段大于T的随机时间。
3、如果检测到线路上存在频率组1的信号，则不再参与后续确定时钟节点的流程，并把初始化状态寄存器设为01H。
4、如果检测到线路上不存在频率组1的信号，则立即发送频率组1的信号。同时产生一个随机数，并启动一个计数器。把初始化状态寄存器设为10H。
5、初始化状态为10H的节点，当计数器的值与随机数相等时，停止发送信号一定的时间(T)。并在停止的过程中检测线路中是否存在频率组1的信号。
6、如果检测到线路上存在频率组1的信号，则不再参与后续确定时钟节点的流程，并把初始化状态寄存器设为01H。
7、如果检测到线路上不存在频率组1的信号，则立即发送频率组1的信号。并把初始化状态寄存器设为11H。
8、初始化状态为11H的节点，从状态转变为11H时刻起在不超过T1时间的一个随机时间，停止发送信号一定的时间(T)后广播一条表明“我就是主节点”的消息(M1)，并把初始化状态寄存器设为20H。(T1时间最好能5倍于发送M1消息所占用的时间)
9、初始化状态为任何状态的节点收到M1消息后，立即使用频率组2发送信号，并把初始化状态寄存器设置为01H；没有收到M1消息便不发送任何信号。
10、初始化状态为20H的节点在发送完消息后在不超过t时间内检测到线路上存在频率组2的信号，把初始化状态寄存器更改为88H。如果在不超过t时间(t时间要求小于发送M1消息所占用的时间)内检测到线路上不存在频率组2的信号，则返回执行步骤8。
在上述的步骤中不管初始化状态是什么的节点，如果检测到线路上存在频率组1的信号，则不会参与后续确定时钟节点的流程，并把初始化状态寄存器设为01H。
本发明把进行到最终初始化状态寄存器为88H的通讯节点称为时钟节点。
如上所述，选取时钟节点的过程包含主要的三个过程：
1、通过简单的抢线原理，排除一些节点。
2、剩下的节点通过主动间歇检查的方法，排除一些节点。(进一步减少有可能成为时钟节点的节点个数)。
3、在剩下的节点通过发送消息，确认应答的方法确定唯一的时钟节点。
第二步：根据时间节点的时钟实现整网的时钟基本同步。
时钟节点发送一定持续时间的频率组1的信号，以保证其他的节点能锁定这个时钟并达到一定的精度。本网中其他的节点根据所接收到的信号质量选定一个频点作为导频信号。
第三步：扩频码分发。
时钟节点通过FSK(Frequency Phase Shift Keying，频移键控)的调制方式在频率组1的频段内广播发送扩频码，并包括扩频码的序号。其他节点从广播数据随机选定一个扩频码并保存序号。随后时钟节点分别要求选定不同序号的扩频码的节点在预定的时间片和频率组2的频率段内发送扩频码和物理地址。
在这种情况下，有可能有多个节点同时选中某个序号的扩频码，这样会同时存在多个节点在同一时间内同时发送信号，导致信号冲突。这个冲突由时钟节点来裁定。
当所有的序号扩频码相应完成后，由时钟节点组织有选定冲突的节点重新选定剩下的扩频码。
重复以上过程，直至每一个节点都选定了唯一的扩频码。
第四步：由时钟节点确定帧界，并从FSK调制方式改变为CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access，码分多址)的调制方式。
第五步：各节点分别广播本身的能力列表，由时钟节点来确定网络最终的工作方式。
本发明给出了一种多通讯节点的总线通讯方法，非常适合于小范围的电力载波系统，尤其是家用电力载波系统，给家用电器等的智能控制提供了一个非常方便的总线平台。
值得注意的是，尽管本发明将家庭总线通信系统作为实例进行了描述，但是很明显，本发明并不局限于此，本发明适用于任何需要在无主节点时进行初始化和资源分配的总线系统。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

1.一种总线系统的初始化方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤:
步骤S102，所述总线系统中的所有节点均检测线路信号，检测到信号的节点被确定为非时钟节点；
步骤S104，未被确定为非时钟节点的节点通过主动发送信号并间歇检测信号，进一步将未被确定为非时钟节点的节点中检测到信号的节点确定为非时钟节点；
步骤S106，未被确定为非时钟节点的节点向其他节点发送要求所述其他节点发送信号的消息，并在检测到所述其他节点发送的信号的情况下，将所述未被确定为非时钟信号的节点确定为唯一的时钟节点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，步骤S102包括:所述总线系统中的所有节点在一段时间内检测线路信号，如果节点检测到信号，则不再参与后续确定时钟节点的流程。
3.根据权利要求1所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，步骤S104包括:在步骤S102中未被确定为非时钟节点的节点立即在一段随机时间内发送信号，并在在停止发送所述信号后的预定时间内检测线路信号，如果未被确定为非时钟节点的节点检测到信号，则不再参与后续确定时钟节点的流程。
4.根据权利要求3所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，所述随机时间的确定步骤包括:所述未被确定为非时钟节点的节点开始发送信号时产生随机数，并启动计数器，当所述计数器计数与所述随机数相等时，停止发送所述信号。
5.根据权利要求1所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，步骤S106包括:在步骤S104中未被确定为非时钟节点的节点立即在一段随机时间内停止发送信号，然后广播消息，要求其他节点发送信号，并且所述未被确定为非时钟节点的节点在发送完消息后的一段时间内检测信号，如果检测到信号，则本节点为时钟节点。
6.根据权利要求5所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，所述总线系统的频域包括以下频率范围:第一频率组和第二频率组，步骤S102和S104中检测第一频率组的信号，步骤S106中检测第二频率组的信号。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，步骤S106以后，所述时钟节点执行扩频码分发步骤:以FSK调制方式在所述第一频率组的频段内向所有其他节点广播发送扩频码和扩频码的序号，所述其他节点分别从所述扩频码中选定唯一扩频码。
8.根据权利要求7所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，所述扩频码分发步骤进一步包括:所述其他节点从广播数据中分别随机选择一个扩频码并保存序号，所述时钟节点要求选定不同序号的扩频码的节点在所述第二频率组的频段内分别发送扩频码和物理地址。
9.根据权利要求7所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，所述扩频码分发步骤进一步包括:所述其他节点从广播数据中分别随机选择一个扩频码并保存序号，所述时钟节点要求选定相同序号的扩频码的节点在未被选定的扩频码中分别重新选择一个扩频码并保存序号。
10.根据权利要求7所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，分发扩频码以后，所述时钟节点确定帧界，并从FSK调制方式改变为CDMA调制方式。
11.根据权利要求10所述的初始化方法，其特征在于，所述其他节点分别广播各自的能力列表，由所述时钟节点确定最终工作方式。
12.一种总线系统的初始化装置，其特征在于，所述总线系统的频域包括以下频率范围:第一频率组和第二频率组，所述初始化
装置包括:
检测模块，用于检测线路信号；
发送模块，用于发送所述第一频率组的信号；
确定模块，用于确定时钟节点或非时钟节点，
其中，
所述检测模块在大于预定时间的一段时间内检测线路信号，如果检测到所述第一频率组的信号，则所述确定模块将节点确定为非时钟节点；如果未检测到所述第一频率组的信号，则所述发送模块在一段随机时间内发送所述第一频率组的信号，所述检测模块在停止发送所述信号后的所述预定时间内检测线路信号，如果检测到所述第一频率组的信号，则所述发送模块不发送所述信号，所述确定模块将节点确定为非时钟节点；如果未检测到所述第一频率组的信号，则所述发送模块继续发送所述信号，所述确定模块将节点确定为时钟节点。
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US5410542A (en) * 1993-03-01 1995-04-25 Diaogic Corporation Signal computing bus
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Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5410542A (en) * 1993-03-01 1995-04-25 Diaogic Corporation Signal computing bus
US20050141565A1 (en) * 2002-04-16 2005-06-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for synchronizing clocks in a distributed communication system
CN1414741A (zh) * 2002-11-12 2003-04-30 威盛电子股份有限公司 无线局域网络时钟同步化方法与媒体存取控制器

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