CN100466474C - Voltage to current conversion circuit device - Google Patents
Voltage to current conversion circuit device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100466474C CN100466474C CNB2006101509349A CN200610150934A CN100466474C CN 100466474 C CN100466474 C CN 100466474C CN B2006101509349 A CNB2006101509349 A CN B2006101509349A CN 200610150934 A CN200610150934 A CN 200610150934A CN 100466474 C CN100466474 C CN 100466474C
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Abstract
本发明公开一种电压至电流转换电路装置。它包括运算放大器U1，晶体管Q，参考电阻R1，负载电阻R2，电源E，它还包括差分放大器U2，本电路中运算放大器U1的正相和反相输入端分别连接输入电压V和差分放大器U2的输出端；运算放大器U1的输出端与晶体管Q的控制电极相连；差分放大器U2的第一输入端K3与参考电阻R1相连；晶体管Q的除控制电极外的另外两个电极分别与负载电阻R2、参考电阻R1串联组成串联电路，负载电阻R2的另一端与电源E相连，参考电阻R1的另一端与差分放大器U2的第二输入端K4连接后接地。本电压至电流转换电路装置生成的电流具有较强的抗干扰能力，尤其适用于电压至电流转换装置生成的电流较大的情况。
The invention discloses a voltage-to-current conversion circuit device. It includes an operational amplifier U1, a transistor Q, a reference resistor R1, a load resistor R2, and a power supply E. It also includes a differential amplifier U2. In this circuit, the non-inverting and inverting inputs of the operational amplifier U1 are respectively connected to the input voltage V and the differential amplifier U2 The output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the control electrode of the transistor Q; the first input terminal K3 of the differential amplifier U2 is connected to the reference resistor R1; the other two electrodes of the transistor Q except the control electrode are respectively connected to the load resistor R2 1. The reference resistor R1 is connected in series to form a series circuit, the other end of the load resistor R2 is connected to the power supply E, and the other end of the reference resistor R1 is connected to the second input terminal K4 of the differential amplifier U2 and then grounded. The current generated by the voltage-to-current conversion circuit device has strong anti-interference ability, and is especially suitable for the situation that the current generated by the voltage-to-current conversion device is relatively large.
Description
(一)技术领域 (1) Technical field
本发明涉及一种电路装置，特别是一种电压至电流转换电路装置。The invention relates to a circuit device, in particular to a voltage-to-current conversion circuit device.
(二)技术背景(2) Technical background
在以往的电压至电流的转换电路装置中。例如专利申请号为02226030.7，名称为“一种电压/电流转换电路”；专利申请号为96191240.5，名称为“电压-电流转换电路装置”的专利文件中公开的电压至电流转换电路装置主要是由运算放大器U1、晶体管Q和参考电阻R1组成的，图1给是其基本结构：晶体管Q的一端和参考电阻R1的串联结构组成的源跟随电路，电源E和负载R2以及晶体管Q的另一端相串联，运算放大器的输出端和晶体管的控制电极相连。经过负载R2的电流与经过参考电阻R1的电流基本上相等。在电路的工作期间，运算放大器的输出端使晶体管Q的控制电极的电位保持在这样的水平以使运算放大器的反相输入端的信号基本上等于运算放大器同相输入端的信号。从而达到基本上符合V＝V1＝R1×I的关系。在这里，V是输入电压，R1是参考电阻的电阻值，I是通过参考电阻的电流，V1是通过参考电阻R1的电流I在参考电阻R1上产生的参考电压。In the conventional voltage-to-current conversion circuit device. For example, the patent application number is 02226030.7, and the name is "a voltage/current conversion circuit"; the patent application number is 96191240.5, and the voltage-to-current conversion circuit device disclosed in the patent document is mainly composed of Composed of operational amplifier U1, transistor Q and reference resistor R1, Figure 1 shows its basic structure: a source follower circuit composed of one end of transistor Q and the series structure of reference resistor R1, power supply E, load R2 and the other end of transistor Q In series, the output of the operational amplifier is connected to the control electrode of the transistor. The current through the load R2 is substantially equal to the current through the reference resistor R1. During operation of the circuit, the output of the operational amplifier maintains the potential of the control electrode of transistor Q at such a level that the signal at the inverting input of the operational amplifier is substantially equal to the signal at the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier. Thereby, a relationship basically conforming to V=V1=R1×I is achieved. Here, V is the input voltage, R1 is the resistance value of the reference resistor, I is the current passing through the reference resistor, and V1 is the reference voltage generated on the reference resistor R1 by the current I passing through the reference resistor R1.
采用图1或类似原理的电压-电流转换电路，存在如下问题，由于参考电阻R1较大，当需要产生的电流I较大时，电流I在参考电阻R1上产生的功耗P会随着电流的增大而增加；由于参考电阻R1较大，参考电阻上产生的参考电压V1影响负载R2的响应范围；在电路实际工作中，由于电源地的不稳定，或在参考电阻R1接地端与电源地之间有较长的连接导线的分布参数的存在，会出现干扰信号，干扰信号会出现在生成的电流中，影响输出电流的精度。Using the voltage-current conversion circuit shown in Figure 1 or a similar principle has the following problems. Since the reference resistor R1 is large, when the current I to be generated is large, the power consumption P generated by the current I on the reference resistor R1 will increase with the current increase; due to the large reference resistance R1, the reference voltage V1 generated on the reference resistance affects the response range of the load R2; If there are distribution parameters of long connecting wires between the grounds, there will be interference signals, which will appear in the generated current and affect the accuracy of the output current.
(三)发明内容 (3) Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有较强的抗干扰能力的电压至电流转换电路装置。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a voltage-to-current conversion circuit device with strong anti-interference ability.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：它包括运算放大器U1，晶体管Q，参考电阻R1，负载电阻R2，电源E，它还包括差分放大器U2，本电路中运算放大器U1的正相和反相输入端分别连接输入电压V和差分放大器U2的输出端；运算放大器U1的输出端与晶体管Q的控制电极相连；差分放大器U2的第一输入端K3与参考电阻R1相连；晶体管Q的除控制电极外的另外两个电极分别与负载电阻R2、参考电阻R1串联组成串联电路，负载电阻R2的另一端与电源E相连，参考电阻R1的另一端与差分放大器U2的第二输入端K4连接后接地。The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this: it comprises operational amplifier U1, transistor Q, reference resistance R1, load resistance R2, power supply E, and it also comprises differential amplifier U2, the positive phase and the negative phase input terminal of operational amplifier U1 in this circuit Connect the input voltage V and the output terminal of the differential amplifier U2 respectively; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the control electrode of the transistor Q; the first input terminal K3 of the differential amplifier U2 is connected with the reference resistor R1; the transistor Q except the control electrode The other two electrodes are respectively connected in series with the load resistor R2 and the reference resistor R1 to form a series circuit. The other end of the load resistor R2 is connected to the power supply E, and the other end of the reference resistor R1 is connected to the second input terminal K4 of the differential amplifier U2 and then grounded.
当电路工作的时候，运算放大器U1的输出端的信号保持在使运算放大器的同相和反相输入端的信号基本上相等的电平上，从而达到基本上符合V＝G×R1×I的关系，以使流过负载R2的电流基本上等于V/(G×R1)，其中G为运算放大器开环放大增益。When the circuit is working, the signal at the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is maintained at a level that makes the signals at the non-inverting and inverting input terminals of the operational amplifier substantially equal, so as to basically meet the relationship of V=G×R1×I, so that The current flowing through the load R2 is basically equal to V/(G×R1), where G is the open-loop amplification gain of the operational amplifier.
如果电路在工作期间，在晶体管Q和参考电阻R1组成的串联电路的接地端出现干扰信号，则干扰信号会引起参考电阻两端电压的改变，由于差分放大器具有差分放大能力，上述干扰信号不会出现在差分放大器的输出端。因此，电压至电流转换电路装置产生的电流几乎不出现干扰。If an interference signal appears at the ground terminal of the series circuit composed of the transistor Q and the reference resistor R1 during the operation of the circuit, the interference signal will cause a change in the voltage at both ends of the reference resistor. Since the differential amplifier has differential amplification capabilities, the above interference signal will not appears at the output of the differential amplifier. Consequently, the current generated by the voltage-to-current conversion circuit arrangement hardly appears disturbed.
根据本电压至电流转换电路装置可以得到一些有利的结果，其中的运算放大器和差动放大器是相对简单和便宜的放大器。Advantageous results can be obtained in accordance with the present voltage-to-current conversion circuit arrangement in which the operational amplifier and the difference amplifier are relatively simple and inexpensive amplifiers.
应该指出，负载R2，晶体管Q和参考电阻R1的任意串联组合或重新排布等都是有效的，并被本发明实施方式所包含。It should be noted that any series combination or rearrangement of the load R2, the transistor Q and the reference resistor R1, etc. are valid and covered by the embodiments of the present invention.
已发现当运算放大器的输出端和反相输入端接入电容时，能够进一步减小干扰，在此，电容装置作为高频干扰信号的滤波器。It has been found that interference can be further reduced when a capacitor is connected to the output and inverting input of the operational amplifier, where the capacitor acts as a filter for high-frequency interference signals.
已发现当参考电阻同电容装置并联时，能够进一步减小干扰，在此，电容装置作为高频干扰信号的滤波器。It has been found that interference can be further reduced when the reference resistor is connected in parallel with the capacitive means, where the capacitive means acts as a filter for high-frequency interference signals.
已发现差分放大器可以由若干通用运算放大器组成的电路实现，也可以由具有差分放大功能的运算放大器实现。It has been found that the differential amplifier can be implemented by a circuit consisting of several general-purpose operational amplifiers, or by an operational amplifier with differential amplification.
本电压至电流转换电路装置生成的电流具有较强的抗干扰能力。适用于电压至电流转换装置生成电流的大小与输入电压的大小成比例变化的情况，尤其适用于电压至电流转换装置生成的电流较大的情况。The current generated by the voltage-to-current conversion circuit device has strong anti-interference ability. It is suitable for the situation where the magnitude of the current generated by the voltage-to-current conversion device changes in proportion to the magnitude of the input voltage, and is especially suitable for the case where the current generated by the voltage-to-current conversion device is relatively large.
(四)附图说明 (4) Description of drawings
图1是以往的电压至电流转换电路装置的原理图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional voltage-to-current conversion circuit device.
图2是本发明的基本电路原理图。Fig. 2 is a basic circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
图3是本发明的加入电容C1的电路原理图。Fig. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of adding a capacitor C1 according to the present invention.
图4是本发明加入电容C2的电路原理图。Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention adding a capacitor C2.
图5是本发明加入电容C1和C2的电路原理图。Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention adding capacitors C1 and C2.
(五)具体实施方式 (5) Specific implementation methods
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
结合图2，运算放大器U1的正相和反相输入端分别连接输入电压V一端和差分放大器U2输出端；运算放大器U1的输出端与晶体管的控制电极相连；差分放大器U2的输入端K3与参考电阻R1相连；输入端K4接地。负载R2，晶体管Q，参考电阻R1组成的串联电路一端与电源相连，另一端接地。Combined with Fig. 2, the non-inverting and inverting input terminals of the operational amplifier U1 are respectively connected to the input voltage V terminal and the output terminal of the differential amplifier U2; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the control electrode of the transistor; the input terminal K3 of the differential amplifier U2 is connected to the reference The resistor R1 is connected; the input terminal K4 is grounded. One end of the series circuit composed of the load R2, the transistor Q and the reference resistor R1 is connected to the power supply, and the other end is grounded.
当电路工作时，电压信号V由运算放大器同相输入端输入，根据运算放大器两个输入端“虚短”和输入端输入电流为零的原理，反相输入端的电压要等于同相输入端的电压，即输入信号V。这样，流过参考电阻R1的电流I产生的电压经差分放大器U2放大G倍后，差分放大器的输出电压与输入信号V接近相等。由于电流I流过负载R2和场效应晶体管Q和参考电阻R1，所以流过负载R2的电流与输入电压之间的关系为V/(G×R1)。When the circuit is working, the voltage signal V is input by the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. According to the principle that the two input terminals of the operational amplifier are "virtual short" and the input current at the input terminal is zero, the voltage at the inverting input terminal must be equal to the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal, that is Input signal V. In this way, after the voltage generated by the current I flowing through the reference resistor R1 is amplified G times by the differential amplifier U2, the output voltage of the differential amplifier is nearly equal to the input signal V. Since the current I flows through the load R2 and the field effect transistor Q and the reference resistor R1, the relationship between the current flowing through the load R2 and the input voltage is V/(G×R1).
该装置与已知电压至电流转换电路装置相比，在相同电压至电流对应关系情况下，该装置参考电阻R1与已知电压至电流转换电路装置电阻阻值减小G倍，则相应在参考电阻上产生的功耗减小G倍，在参考电阻上产生的电压差减小G倍。如果在电路工作期间，出现干扰信号并叠加到参考电阻接地端，由于差分放大器只放大参考电阻两端的电压差信号，则在参考电阻接地端存在的干扰，并不能影响电路的电流转换。Compared with the known voltage-to-current conversion circuit device, in the case of the same voltage-to-current correspondence, the reference resistance R1 of the device and the resistance value of the known voltage-to-current conversion circuit device are reduced by G times, then the corresponding reference The power dissipation generated across the resistor is reduced by a factor of G, and the voltage difference generated across the reference resistor is reduced by a factor of G. If an interference signal appears and is superimposed on the ground terminal of the reference resistor during the operation of the circuit, since the differential amplifier only amplifies the voltage difference signal at both ends of the reference resistor, the interference existing at the ground terminal of the reference resistor cannot affect the current conversion of the circuit.
结合图3，运算放大器U1的正相和反相输入端分别连接输入电压V一端和差分放大器U2输出端和电容C1一端；运算放大器U1的输出端与晶体管的控制电极和电容C1另一端相连；差分放大器U2的输入端K3与参考电阻R1相连；输入端K4接地。负载R2，晶体管Q，参考电阻R1组成的串联电路一端与电源相连，另一端接地。Referring to Fig. 3, the non-inverting and inverting input terminals of the operational amplifier U1 are respectively connected to one terminal of the input voltage V and the output terminal of the differential amplifier U2 and one terminal of the capacitor C1; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the control electrode of the transistor and the other terminal of the capacitor C1; The input terminal K3 of the differential amplifier U2 is connected to the reference resistor R1; the input terminal K4 is grounded. One end of the series circuit composed of the load R2, the transistor Q and the reference resistor R1 is connected to the power supply, and the other end is grounded.
该电路装置与图2所示电压至电流转换电路装置相比，运算放大器U1的输出端和反相输入端与电容C1相连，电容C1作为高频干扰信号的滤波器，能够进一步减小干扰。Compared with the voltage-to-current conversion circuit device shown in FIG. 2, the circuit device has an output terminal and an inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 connected to a capacitor C1, and the capacitor C1 serves as a filter for high-frequency interference signals, which can further reduce interference.
结合图4，运算放大器U1的正相和反相输入端分别连接输入电压V一端和差分放大器U2输出端；运算放大器U1的输出端与晶体管的控制电极相连；差分放大器U2的输入端K3与K4分别连接R1和电容C2组成的并联电路的两端。输入端K4接地。负载R2，晶体管Q组成的串联电路一端与电源相连，另一端与电阻R1和电容C1组成的并联电路相连。Referring to Figure 4, the non-inverting and inverting input terminals of the operational amplifier U1 are respectively connected to the input voltage V terminal and the output terminal of the differential amplifier U2; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the control electrode of the transistor; the input terminals K3 and K4 of the differential amplifier U2 Connect the two ends of the parallel circuit composed of R1 and capacitor C2 respectively. The input terminal K4 is grounded. One end of the series circuit composed of the load R2 and the transistor Q is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the parallel circuit composed of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1.
该电路装置与图2电路装置相比，参考电阻R1和电容C2并联，在此电容C2作为高频干扰信号的滤波器，能够进一步减小干扰。Compared with the circuit device in FIG. 2 , the circuit device is connected in parallel with the reference resistor R1 and the capacitor C2 , where the capacitor C2 is used as a filter for high-frequency interference signals, which can further reduce the interference.
结合图5，运算放大器U1的正相和反相输入端分别连接输入电压V一端和差分放大器U2输出端和电容C1一端；运算放大器U1的输出端与晶体管的控制电极和电容C1另一端相连；差分放大器U2的输入端K3与K4分别连接R1和电容C2组成的并联电路的两端。输入端K4接地。负载R2，晶体管Q组成的串联电路一端与电源相连，另一端与电阻R1和电容C1组成的并联电路相连。Referring to Fig. 5, the positive-phase and inverting input terminals of the operational amplifier U1 are respectively connected to one terminal of the input voltage V, the output terminal of the differential amplifier U2 and one terminal of the capacitor C1; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the control electrode of the transistor and the other terminal of the capacitor C1; The input terminals K3 and K4 of the differential amplifier U2 are respectively connected to the two ends of the parallel circuit composed of R1 and capacitor C2. The input terminal K4 is grounded. One end of the series circuit composed of the load R2 and the transistor Q is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the parallel circuit composed of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1.
该电路装置与图2、图3、图4电路装置相比，运算放大器U1的输出端和反相输入端与电容C1相连，电容C1作为高频干扰信号的滤波器，能够进一步减小干扰。参考电阻R1和电容C2并联，在此电容C2作为高频干扰信号的滤波器，能够进一步减小干扰。Compared with the circuit devices in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the output terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 are connected to the capacitor C1, and the capacitor C1 is used as a filter for high-frequency interference signals, which can further reduce interference. The reference resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C2, where the capacitor C2 acts as a filter for high-frequency interference signals, which can further reduce interference.
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| CN101551938B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-12-01 | 上海科达机电控制有限公司 | Voltage-current transformation method |
| CN102035546A (en) * | 2010-12-04 | 2011-04-27 | 中国北车股份有限公司大连电力牵引研发中心 | Voltage current transformer |
| CN102394494A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-03-28 | 魏德米勒电联接国际贸易(上海)有限公司 | Current-voltage converting circuit provided with over-current protection circuit module |
| CN102393775A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-03-28 | 魏德米勒电联接国际贸易(上海)有限公司 | Voltage-current converting circuit |
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| US5642064A (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1997-06-24 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Voltage to current conversion circuit including a differential amplifier |
| CN1166245A (en) * | 1995-08-29 | 1997-11-26 | 菲利浦电子有限公司 | Voltage-current converter circuit device |
| CN2524430Y (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2002-12-04 | 顺德市华傲电子有限公司 | Voltage/current conversion circuit |
| JP2005012581A (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2005-01-13 | Renesas Technology Corp | Voltage current converter circuit and pll circuit using the same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 数字V/I转换器. 许红玉，李斌.自动化仪表，第22卷第9期. 2001 * |
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| CN1945973A (en) | 2007-04-11 |
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