CN100464034C - A flexible reinforced retaining structure and its construction method - Google Patents
A flexible reinforced retaining structure and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100464034C CN100464034C CNB2005100317173A CN200510031717A CN100464034C CN 100464034 C CN100464034 C CN 100464034C CN B2005100317173 A CNB2005100317173 A CN B2005100317173A CN 200510031717 A CN200510031717 A CN 200510031717A CN 100464034 C CN100464034 C CN 100464034C
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Abstract
本发明涉及挖方边缘的修砌，特别是铁路、公路或坝等的边坡或斜坡的柔性加筋支挡结构。本发明还涉及该支挡结构的施工方法。本发明提供的柔性支挡结构具有如下结构特征：在支挡结构的底层为透水基础层，在支挡结构与开挖面之间有透水层，该透水层与透水基础层为一体；透水基础层下开挖有渗沟；在整个支挡结构中铺设筋材，每层的筋材都超过支挡结构的宽度，反包至上一层，并与上一层的筋材连接，每层筋材用所开挖的土回填压实。本发明提供的柔性支挡结构具有价格低廉、抗剪强度高和有益于环保的优点，特别适合于膨胀土地质条件。
The invention relates to the repairing of the excavation edge, in particular to the flexible reinforced support structure of the side slope or slope of the railway, highway or dam. The invention also relates to a construction method of the retaining structure. The flexible retaining structure provided by the present invention has the following structural features: the bottom layer of the retaining structure is a permeable base layer, and there is a permeable layer between the retaining structure and the excavation surface, and the permeable layer is integrated with the permeable base layer; the permeable foundation There is a seepage trench excavated under the layer; reinforcements are laid in the entire retaining structure. The reinforcements of each layer exceed the width of the retaining structure, and are turned up to the upper layer and connected with the reinforcements of the upper layer. The reinforcements of each layer Backfill and compact with the excavated soil. The flexible retaining structure provided by the invention has the advantages of low price, high shear strength and environmental protection, and is especially suitable for geological conditions of expansive soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the side slope on building by laying of excavation edge, particularly railway, highway or dam etc. or the flexible reinforcement retaining structure on slope.
The invention still further relates to the job practices of this retaining structure.
Technical background
Owing to the difference of geological conditions, can run into the soil property of different qualities in different place constructions.Wherein, expansive soil is the most unmanageable soil property.Because expansive soil has three property---fissurity, dilatancy and overconsolidation, thereby, geological disasters such as side slope unstability, landslide run into through regular meeting.
The technical measures that are used for the punishment of excavation side slope in the engineering can be divided into rigidity retaining structure and flexible retaining structure two big classes substantially.
The rigidity retaining structure is meant based on masonry structure (gravity barricade, antislide pile and slabstone facing wall etc.), is aided with the processing scheme that other necessary integrated treatment measures combine.It is present the most frequently used punishment method.Its operating principle is to conduct oneself with dignity with body of masonry to resist (balance) lose the side slope body of whole machine balancing and the overconsolidation stress release that produces thereof in digging process.The rigidity retaining structure does not allow to be produced distortion by the retaining structure soil body, and under the effect of drying and watering cycle, water, the inevitable expand with wet and contract with dry of slope soil.When the dilatancy of the soil body can not get discharging greatly, can produce the very big bulbs of pressure rigidity retaining structure is destroyed.The barricade that swelled ground area is often seen is cut off or pushing phenomenon has illustrated this point.
Flexible retaining structure is meant based on chemical modifying, geotextile, is aided with the processing scheme that other necessary integrated treatment measure combines.The characteristics of flexible retaining wall are that it not only can bear soil pressure but also allow the soil body to produce certain swell-shrinking deformation, to absorb the expansion force that stress release that slope soil causes because of overconsolidation and change of moisture content produce.There are some researches show that the expansion force of maximum reduced about 25% when the comparable nothing of its expansion force expanded if allow the linear expansion amount of expansive soil to reach 0.3%.Therefore flexible retaining structure is fit to expansive soil excavation side slope very much.
For geo-grid punishment roadbed side slope, a large amount of reports is arranged both at home and abroad, adopt the punishment of geo-grid reinforced earth cut slope to remain soil layer as Malaysia and achieve success.Its concrete way is that whole cut slope bottom is a reinforcement body retaining structure of making the muscle material with geo-grid, high 7.0m, and top still is non-reinforced slope, slope angle is 25 °.
Summary of the invention
Flexible retaining structure provided by the invention has following architectural feature: the bottom of retaining structure has permeable layer for the infiltration basal layer between retaining structure and excavation face, and this permeable layer is an one with the infiltration basal layer; Infiltration basal layer excavation down has sewer; Lay the muscle material in whole retaining structure, every layer muscle material all surpasses the width of retaining structure, and anti-package is to last layer, and is connected the earthen backfill compacting of being excavated of every layers of reinforcement material with the muscle material of last layer.
Excavation has catchwater on the side slope of retaining structure upper end, top domatic shop geomembrane water proof to the catchwater edge extent.
Best sloping top catchwater should be arranged on beyond the sloughing body, is not less than 5m apart from sloughing body edge.
Further, excavation has french drain below catchwater.
The job practices of flexible reinforcement retaining structure disclosed by the invention is:
(1) the clear square one-tenth flexible retaining wall of side slope is built work plane;
(2) foundation excavation and rolling carries out static pressure to the basis, compaction requirement 〉=80%;
(3) sewer excavation and waterproofing course are laid;
(4) build permeable layer and infiltration basal layer with rubble;
(5) lay the muscle material, after the anti-package length of reserving, launch, and its tensioning is fixed along cross-sectional direction;
(6) the paving and rolling of filler, degree of compaction need reach more than 80%.
(7) muscle material anti-package will also just be opened on the anti-package grid section edge side slope anti-package of reserving of fixing; The end of following layers of reinforcement material anti-package is connected with pitman with the appropriate location of upper strata grid; And filler paves and rolls same lower floor.
(8) repeat the height that above-mentioned (5) to (7) step to retaining structure reaches to be needed.
(9) at the top to the catchwater edge extent domatic shop geomembrane water proof, sloping top backfill non-expansibility clay;
(10) the sloping top of excavation catchwater.
Be used for (6) and the soil of (7) step backfill can be expansive soil.
Preferably cultivate the unexpansive soil of 30cm, and spread planting soil, green grass thereon on anti-package side slope surface.
Flexible retaining structure adopts the muscle material layering anchoring that paves, and unexpansive soil of backfill or expansive soil compacting form the flexible retaining wall of adequate thickness, and the draining that is aided with sealing, the wall back of the body and the substrate on top, slope is again handled and can be brought into play following effect:
(1) the muscle material and banket between the frictional force and the interlayer of snap-in force and grid connect, anti-package can provide enough shear strengths, makes reinforced earth body constitute the effect that an integral body is resisted side slope;
(2) flexible retaining wall allows slope soil to produce certain deformation can the dissipate most of stress and the expansion force of excavation slope, " defeating a force with a tenderness ";
(3) enough thickness of wall body can completely cut off and prevent the influence (greater than the effective mobile layer degree of depth) of weathering to sloping volume expansion soil, stop the crack to further develop and shallow top layer sloughing.
Adopt the muscle material to dispose the expansive soil cut slope, with respect to the rigidity retaining structure, one, cheap, low more than 25%; Its two, have environmental benefit, adopt geo-grid, help the greening of earthing up on domatic, and the other way of rigidity retaining structure needs be afforested selling at exorbitant prices.
Description of drawings
The partial structurtes schematic diagram of Fig. 1 flexible reinforcement retaining structure provided by the invention, wherein
Expression gravelly soil;
The overall structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2 flexible reinforcement retaining structure provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
One. material is prepared:
Be ready to required material before the slope construction in the requsst listed below:
1. geo-grid (muscle material): simple tension geo-grid TL-35, limit elongation are 10%;
2. geotechnological pitman: the wide 1.2m geotechnique pitman that Z-TEK company in Hubei produces;
3. sloping top geomembrane: dark polyvinyl chloride plastic film, tensile strength 〉=20Mpa, the elongation per unit length when breaking 〉=200%, serviceability temperature scope-15～60 (degree), frost resistance-25 (degree).Thickness 0.18～0.2mm;
4. sewer bottom of trench two cloth one film: ZFM250, product are that normal continent geosynthetics Co., Ltd produces; Or fabric heavy/film is heavy/fabric is heavy=200/80/200 (g), thickness 0.98mm, Xiang Tan, Hunan plastics plant.
Two, construction technology process
(1) side slope is square clearly: earlier the end, side slope slope is carried out just clearly, the end, slope,, clear side's horizontal width was a starting point from former design side slope toe, and end to side slope slump loose measure and sliding border clearly in the slump district.Calculate by design barricade width+0.5m (drainage blanket width behind the wall) slump is not regional, clear side's substrate should scrape out the inclined-plane that tilts in side slope, the inclined slope ratio is 4%, and the assigned address of roadbed 1 used in order to flexible retaining structure backfill near the expansive soil that digs out was put in.
(2) geo-grid flexible retaining wall foundation excavation and rolling: geo-grid 2 flexible retaining wall foundation excavations to former roadbed changed fill out the position, want all clear clean if loosening the soil appears in basic part, up to hard soil layer, adopt road roller that static pressure is carried out on the basis then, compaction requirement 〉=80%.In the foundation excavation process if cause the loosening slump of the top soil body in foundation ditch, must loosening the soil in the foundation ditch is clean clearly.
(3) 3 excavations of the sewer under roadbed and the geo-grid flexible retaining wall and waterproofing course are laid: according to design drawing, adopt artificial or excavator excavates vertical sewer, the sewer top is positioned at roadbed to be changed and fills out gravelly soil bottom, performs antiseepage work in sewer bottom and side laying " two cloth, one film ".
(4) under roadbed and the geo-grid flexible retaining wall sewer gutter 4 arrange and ditch in the filling of rubble: arrange vertical Φ 10cm PVC gutter with holes as the longitudinal drainage passage in the sewer bottom, and rubble filled in the ditch.During construction, require that bottom of trench is smooth to be provided with the bottom of trench longitudinal gradient by excavation middle part to both sides, guarantee that current are unimpeded, outlet is established a word wall delivery port with reference to sewer outlet form under the catchwater.
On sewer, lay infiltration basal layer 9
With reference to figure 2, top, slope catchwater 5 and its sewer 6 down adopt hand excavation's foundation ditch, press shop, design drawing position geomembrane, spread cast-in-place C15 at the bottom of the sewer, lay flexible porous tube 7 (pipe that the permeable geotextiles of steel loop outsourcing forms) and backfill rubble after concrete is fixed, cast-in-place C20 catchwater is built in backfill hillside, sewer top topsoil (red residual soil) compacting back.Slope top sewer and catchwater should be arranged on beyond the sloughing body, be not less than 5m apart from sloughing body edge, and sewer and the catchwater bottom of trench is smooth, smooth and easy, the ponding not of current in the ditch, the bottom of trench longitudinal gradient is not less than 0.5%, sewer rises, terminal is established two one word wall delivery ports, in time discharges underground water.
(5) unwrapping wire: before every layer of geo-grid 2 paves, measure unwrapping wire, and mark side slope line and geo-grid bound edge line with pulverized limestone according to design drawing.To guarantee the realization of the straight of side slope and design ratio of slope.
(6) staple, grid are opened the preparation of tool and pitman: purchase pitman in special-purpose producer; Become 50cm long φ 6 reinforcing bar severings, curve the U sprig; With φ 10 reinforcing bars self-control grid stretch-draw instrument, in order to the usefulness of fixing and tensioning geo-grid.
(7) geo-grid 2 cuttings: with bundled geo-grid 2 by flexible retaining wall that the design width+1.5m length is carried out cutting is standby.The length of every layer of geo-grid 2 cutting must be carried out according to specific design figure.Cutting length is the design width+1.5m anti-package length of flexible retaining wall, near the assigned address of the roadbed standby geo-grid that cuts is positioned over.
(8) grid overlap joint: in order to guarantee the globality of grid along road center line direction, need overlap joint between two width of cloth grids, lap width is 5cm; And fix at overlapping part with staple, after afterbody was fixing, the spacing of middle part staple was 1.5m.
(9) preparation of expansive soil filler: according to the principle of getting material nearby, the expansive soil (rock) that slope excavation comes out is stacked at assigned address, and with the bulldozer crawler belt big particle diameter mud stone is crushed, the lumpiness of strict control filler is not more than 10cm.
(10) filling of permeable layer 8: adopt the artificial or mechanical gravelly soil that excavates being filled between the side slope face of the wall back of the body and basis or the clear Fang Suocheng of sloping body to carry on the back permeable layer 8 to form wall by wide 50cm * high 25cm, also can adopt treat down that one deck geo-grid is laid before, with excavator or the artificial ditch that excavates dark 50cm in clear side's side slope one side, fill out crushed stone soil layer then and form wall back of the body permeable layer, notice that cutting depth should guarantee to join with the permeable crushed stone soil layer of following one deck.For preventing that slope underground water from infiltrating roadbed, at shop, the geo-grid bag gravelly soil side slope outside, flexible retaining wall bottom one deck two cloth one film.(see figure 1)
(11) paving of first floor geo-grid: the grill reinforce district may require the residue position also to carry out decking and rolling simultaneously by the corresponding filler of the direct backfill of design drawing greater than the paving width of design grid with the square clearly formed new side slope line in basis.Geo-grid is launched toward the roadbed side slope direction from bound edge line place along cross-sectional direction after reserving 1.5 meters anti-package length, and with the U sprig its tensioning is fixed.By that analogy, the grid of first order barricade is all carried out as stated above.The grid of second level barricade is pressed design drawing and is carried out.The residue position of the formed new side slope line in the clear side of the grill reinforce district of second level barricade and side slope is equally by the corresponding filler of requirement backfill of design drawing.
(12) by first floor filler on the design drawing: the expansion earth material (or gravelly soil) that will get ready with loader or excavator is placed in the zone that reaches need backfill behind on the geo-grid.
(13) the paving and rolling of filler: it is flat to adopt bulldozer that filler is pushed away, and rolls with baby roller after reaching the planarization requirement; Number of rolling should in time be adjusted according to actual conditions.Notice that construction machinery must not directly be walked on geo-grid.
(14) go up second layer filler: directly the soil layer of first floor compacting with the soil of charge make-up area or side slope above landslide soil as second layer filler, paving and leveling also rolls.
(15) unwrapping wire: the ratio of slope by design drawing is measured unwrapping wire.
(16) repair the slope: the two-layer soil after employing manually will be filled and roll is accomplished the slope ratio of 1:1.5.
(17) first floor geo-grid anti-package: will also just open on the anti-package grid section edge side slope anti-package of reserving of fixing.
(18) paving of second layer geo-grid: paving of second layer geo-grid carried out in the requirement by design drawing and (11) bar, grid is reserved the bound edge length of 1.5m, and off-the-shelf one section geo-grid is launched toward the roadbed side slope direction from bound edge line place along cross-sectional direction;
(19) grid connects and overlap joint: the end of lower floor's grid is connected (being advisable with its end after the grid tensioning of upper strata) with the appropriate location of upper strata grid with pitman near the bound edge line, in order to guarantee the globality of grid along road center line direction, need overlap joint (width of grid is 1.3m) between two width of cloth grids, lap width is 5cm;
(20) stretch-draw and fixing: bilevel geo-grid is connected with pitman, instrument with a band row hook is held grid, manually strain grid along vertical road center line direction and produce 1%～2% elongation rate, pitman must firmly be clamped by two-layer geo-grid up and down, and uses " U " sprig with grid fixedly on the soil layer immediately.For preventing grid, need add nail " U " sprig along the middle part of vertical road center line direction in lap-joint because of falling local products change shape or fold;
(21) repeat (11) to (20) step, up to the top of barricade.
(22) part that needs backfill to fill is pushed up on the slope: press design drawing and carry out.The soil layer compacting can be adopted machinery or baby roller.The side slope ratio of slope adopts 1:1.5.
(23) side slope binds: above backfill and the expansive soil slope top lay geomembrane, lay width (hole to bench edge distance is from the catchwater distance) and be not less than 5m, the top is handled and press the design drawing execution.Geo-grid flexible retaining wall top domatic shop geomembrane water proof to the catchwater edge extent, and spread the thick planting soil of 30cm thereon, green grass before the geomembrane of shop, repair domaticly, clogs the crack.
(24) protection of domatic anti-package grid: cultivate 30cm on anti-package side slope surface unexpansive native 10, and along with construction progress from bottom to top bankets and makes real, to prevent the influence of ultraviolet ray to the grid life-span.And spread planting soil, green grass thereon.
Three, quality requirement and detection
After the clear side of side slope finished, whether the measurement that should carry out an acceptance inspection immediately met design requirement with check ratio of slope and clear side's width.
Each fill stratum loose laying depth is not more than 30 centimetres.Adopt the random sampling pattern excavation to detect 4 points, require minimum and maximum thickness to be no more than 5 centimetres, do not reach requirement, need carry out grading operation again, until reaching requirement as testing result.
Appropriate filler compaction determines according to the field conduct situation analysis.
Claims (8)
1. a flexible reinforcement retaining structure that is applicable to the excavation side slope is characterized in that the bottom of retaining structure is the basal layer that seeps water, and permeable layer is arranged between retaining structure and excavation face, and this permeable layer is an one with the infiltration basal layer; Infiltration basal layer excavation down has sewer; Lay the muscle material in whole retaining structure, every layer muscle material all surpasses the width of retaining structure, and anti-package is to last layer, and is connected with the muscle material of last layer.
2. flexible reinforcement retaining structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that the muscle material is a geo-grid.
3. flexible reinforcement retaining structure according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that excavation has catchwater on the side slope of retaining structure upper end, retaining structure top domatic shop geomembrane water proof to the catchwater edge extent.
4. flexible reinforcement retaining structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that catchwater should be arranged on beyond the sloughing body, is not less than 5m apart from sloughing body edge.
5. flexible reinforcement retaining structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that excavation has french drain below catchwater.
6. as the job practices of the described flexible reinforcement retaining structure of claim 1 to 5, comprise the steps:
(1) the clear square one-tenth flexible retaining wall of side slope is built work plane;
(2) foundation excavation and rolling carries out static pressure to the basis, compaction requirement 〉=80%;
(3) sewer excavation and waterproofing course are laid;
(4) build permeable layer and infiltration basal layer with rubble;
(5) lay the muscle material, after the anti-package length of reserving, launch, and its tensioning is fixed along cross-sectional direction;
(6) the paving and rolling of filler, degree of compaction need reach more than 80%;
(7) muscle material anti-package will also just be opened on the anti-package grid section edge side slope anti-package of reserving of fixing; The end of following layers of reinforcement material anti-package is connected with pitman with the appropriate location of upper strata grid; And filler paves and rolls same lower floor;
(8) repeat the height that above-mentioned (5) to (7) step to retaining structure reaches to be needed;
(9) at the retaining structure top to the catchwater edge extent domatic shop geomembrane water proof, and spread the non-expansibility clay thereon;
(10) on the side slope of retaining structure upper end, excavate catchwater.
7. job practices according to claim 6, the soil that it is characterized in that being used in (6) and (7) step backfill is expansive soil.
8. job practices according to claim 6 is characterized in that cultivating the unexpansive soil of 30cm on anti-package side slope surface, and spreads planting soil, green grass thereon.
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| CNB2005100317173A CN100464034C (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | A flexible reinforced retaining structure and its construction method |
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| CN100464034C true CN100464034C (en) | 2009-02-25 |
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| 公路边坡防护与治理. 杨航宇等，正文第68～72页，人民交通出版社. 2002 |
| 公路边坡防护与治理. 杨航宇等，正文第68～72页，人民交通出版社. 2002 * |
| 土工网格用于膨胀土路堤边坡加固的探讨. 杨和平等.公路，第3期. 1999 |
| 土工网格用于膨胀土路堤边坡加固的探讨. 杨和平等.公路，第3期. 1999 * |
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| CN1880587A (en) | 2006-12-20 |
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