CN100441713C - Free cutting high manganese copper alloy - Google Patents
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Cu] HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于一种易切削高锰铜合金，具体地说是一种含铅的Cu-Mn-Zn系易切削高锰铜合金。The invention belongs to a free-cutting high-manganese-copper alloy, in particular to a lead-containing Cu-Mn-Zn system free-cutting high-manganese-copper alloy.
背景技术 Background technique
进入二十一世纪，在中国经济高速发展的带动下，世界经济步入了新一轮的快速增长期。但资源的大量消耗，使得金属价格也飞速上涨，为世界经济的发展带来了负面影响。因而寻求廉价的替代材料就成了现代社会的迫切需求。In the 21st century, driven by the rapid development of China's economy, the world economy has entered a new round of rapid growth. However, the massive consumption of resources has led to a rapid rise in metal prices, which has had a negative impact on the development of the world economy. Therefore, seeking cheap alternative materials has become an urgent need of modern society.
牌号为HPb59-1的易切削铅黄铜合金，是现有铜合金中最廉价的材料，属Cu-Zn-Pb系三元合金，市场占有份额极大。在现代金属市场上，锰是一种比较廉价的金属，其价格较铜和锌为低。如果在铅黄铜的组分中以金属锰替代铅黄铜中的铜、锌组分，就能使合金的原材料成本大为降低，这正是人们所希望的，也是社会的需求。现有技术的一些易切削合金，虽也有添加锰元素，但其添加量太少，起不到替代的作用。因此合金价格也就居高不下。因此，开发一种可替代铅黄铜的易切削高锰铜合金具有显著的现实意义。The free-cutting lead-brass alloy with the brand name HPb59-1 is the cheapest material among the existing copper alloys. It belongs to the Cu-Zn-Pb series ternary alloy and has a huge market share. In the modern metal market, manganese is a relatively cheap metal, and its price is lower than that of copper and zinc. If the copper and zinc components in the lead brass are replaced by metal manganese in the components of the lead brass, the raw material cost of the alloy can be greatly reduced, which is exactly what people want and is also a social demand. Although some free-cutting alloys in the prior art also have manganese added, the amount added is too small to be able to replace it. Therefore, the price of alloys remains high. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a free-cutting high-manganese-copper alloy that can replace lead brass.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种具有优良的切削加工性能及综合机械性能，耐腐蚀，可冷热加工成型且成本低廉的可替代铅黄铜的易切削高锰铜合金。The object of the present invention is to provide a free-cutting high-manganese-copper alloy that can replace lead brass with excellent cutting performance and comprehensive mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, cold and hot processing and low cost.
本发明的技术方案是：该易切削高锰铜合金，其组分及重量百分比含量为：Cu 45.0％～60.0％，Mn 30.1％～36.0％，Al 0％～2.3％，Ni 0％～2.0％，Pb 0.3％～2.8％，P0.01％～0.10％，Zn余量。The technical scheme of the present invention is: the free-cutting high manganese copper alloy, its composition and weight percent content are: Cu 45.0%～60.0%, Mn 30.1%～36.0%, Al 0%～2.3%, Ni 0%～2.0% %, Pb 0.3%~2.8%, P0.01%~0.10%, Zn balance.
本发明的易切削高锰铜合金，其组分及重量百分比含量优选为Cu 50.0％～55.0％，Mn32.0％～34.0％，Al 0.5％～2.0％，Ni 0.5～2.0％，Pb 1.0％～2.8％，P 0.05％～0.10％，Zn余量。The free-cutting high-manganese-copper alloy of the present invention preferably has components and weight percentages of 50.0% to 55.0% of Cu, 32.0% to 34.0% of Mn, 0.5% to 2.0% of Al, 0.5% to 2.0% of Ni, and 1.0% of Pb ~2.8%, P 0.05%~0.10%, Zn balance.
本发明的易切削高锰铜合金，其组分及重量百分比含量最优选为：其组分及重量百分比含量为：Cu 53.0％，Mn 32.0％，Al 1.5％，Ni 1.0％，Pb 1.5％，P 0.06％，Zn余量。The free-cutting high manganese copper alloy of the present invention, its component and weight percentage content are most preferably: its component and weight percentage content are: Cu 53.0%, Mn 32.0%, Al 1.5%, Ni 1.0%, Pb 1.5%, P 0.06%, Zn balance.
本发明所述的合金组分的选择原则是：锰和锌都能大量固溶于铜，起固溶强化作用，在一定的组分范围内，能形成Cu-Mn-Zn三元固溶体，使合金具有良好的冷、热加工性能和较高的屈服点温度。铅以质点形式均匀分布于Cu-Mn-Zn三元固溶体合金的基体中，形成断点，改善合金的切削性能，使合金易于切削。适量的铝和镍起到固溶强化作用，能提高合金的强度、硬度及耐腐蚀性；可以细化晶粒，改善合金的加工性能，尤其是改善合金水冷铸造时的铸锭应力开裂现象；同时，适量的铝和镍还能改善合金材料的色泽，使其变得更加美观。磷在黄铜中则起到改善脱锌腐蚀和切削性的作用。The selection principle of the alloy components of the present invention is: a large amount of manganese and zinc can be dissolved in copper to play a role of solid solution strengthening, within a certain range of components, Cu-Mn-Zn ternary solid solution can be formed, so that The alloy has good cold and hot workability and high yield point temperature. Lead is evenly distributed in the matrix of Cu-Mn-Zn ternary solid solution alloy in the form of particles, forming breakpoints, improving the cutting performance of the alloy, and making the alloy easy to cut. An appropriate amount of aluminum and nickel acts as solid solution strengthening, which can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of the alloy; it can refine the grain and improve the processing performance of the alloy, especially the ingot stress cracking phenomenon during alloy water-cooled casting; At the same time, an appropriate amount of aluminum and nickel can also improve the color of the alloy material and make it more beautiful. Phosphorus plays a role in improving dezincification corrosion and machinability in brass.
与现有技术相比，本发明高锰易切削铜锌合金以经济性和适用性为目的，是一种可代替铅黄铜HPb59-1合金的新型铜合金，具有类似铅黄铜的易切削性能；合金含有较高组分的锰，部分地替代锌铜的作用，同时使合金的原料成本下降。本发明合金具有优良的综合机械性能，耐腐蚀，易切削，能冷、热加工成形，可制成棒、线等产品，用于机械制造、仪器仪表、医疗器械、日用品和通讯等领域的精密零件制造。Compared with the prior art, the high-manganese free-cutting copper-zinc alloy of the present invention aims at economy and applicability, and is a new type of copper alloy that can replace the lead brass HPb59-1 alloy, and has the free-cutting properties similar to lead brass Performance; the alloy contains a higher component of manganese, which partially replaces the role of zinc and copper, and at the same time reduces the raw material cost of the alloy. The alloy of the present invention has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, easy cutting, and can be formed by cold and hot processing, and can be made into rods, wires and other products. Parts manufacturing.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明以工业纯铜、工业纯锰、工业纯锌、工业纯铝、工业纯铅、工业纯镍和磷铜中间合金为基本原料，按材料成分配料将工业纯铜、工业纯锰、工业纯锌、工业纯铝、工业纯铅、工业纯镍和磷铜中间合金加入中频炉中熔化，以铁模浇铸的方法，或以半连续铸造的方式制成挤压锭坯；在700～740℃温度范围内热挤压加工成棒坯或线坯；然后可用拉伸的冷加工变形方法制成所需的棒、线材成品。拉伸冷加工变形后的软化退火温度为720～740℃。当然，本发明的合金也可使用低频感应电炉熔化生产。由于本发明合金的熔化温度较低，而工业纯镍的熔点温度较高，在熔化生产时，镍组分最好能以镍铜合金的形式加入为宜，这将有利于充分的合金化。The present invention takes industrial pure copper, industrial pure manganese, industrial pure zinc, industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure lead, industrial pure nickel and phosphorus copper intermediate alloy as basic raw materials, and mixes industrial pure copper, industrial pure manganese, industrial pure Zinc, industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure lead, industrial pure nickel and phosphor-bronze master alloys are added to the intermediate frequency furnace for melting, and cast into iron molds or made into extruded ingots by semi-continuous casting; at 700-740°C Hot extruding within the temperature range to process into billets or wire billets; then the required rod and wire products can be made by stretching and cold working deformation. The softening annealing temperature after stretching and cold working deformation is 720-740°C. Of course, the alloy of the present invention can also be produced by melting in a low-frequency induction furnace. Because the melting temperature of the alloy of the present invention is low, and the melting point temperature of commercially pure nickel is relatively high, it is advisable that the nickel component can be added in the form of nickel-copper alloy during melting production, which will be conducive to sufficient alloying.
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
实例1：Example 1:
用工业纯铜、工业纯锰、工业纯锌、工业纯铝、工业纯铅、工业纯镍和磷铜中间合金为基本原料，按照拟定的组元成分重量百分比配料，在10kg中频感应电炉中熔化，分别制备了如表1所示的几种化学元素组分(重量百分比)的合金。Use industrial pure copper, industrial pure manganese, industrial pure zinc, industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure lead, industrial pure nickel and phosphor-bronze master alloy as basic raw materials, mix ingredients according to the proposed composition weight percentage, and melt in a 10kg medium frequency induction furnace , Alloys with several chemical element compositions (weight percent) as shown in Table 1 were prepared respectively.
表1本发明合金组分配方Table 1 Alloy component formula of the present invention
合金熔化完成后，采用铁模浇铸的方法，制成φ50×100mm的挤压锭坯。其后，在电阻加热炉中加热，温度达到720～730℃后，用300T油压机热挤压变形加工成φ8.0mm的棒材。本实施例序号为3～5的样品φ8.0mm挤制棒再经由冷拉伸、扒皮加工，以消除挤制棒表面的缺陷，然后在700～730℃温度下软化退火和酸洗处理，然后进行冷拉伸变形加工，最终制备成φ2.65mm线材产品。本实施例序号为1～2的样品的挤制棒材抗拉强度为470MPa，伸长(延伸)率＞18％，硬度HB为140。添加有元素镍和铝的实施例序号为3～5的样品，其挤制线材的抗拉强度为480MPa，伸长率＞20％，硬度HB为140。After the alloy is melted, the iron mold casting method is used to make an extruded ingot of φ50×100mm. Thereafter, it is heated in a resistance heating furnace, and after the temperature reaches 720-730°C, it is processed into a rod with a diameter of φ8.0mm by hot extrusion with a 300T hydraulic press. The sample φ8.0mm extruded rods with serial numbers 3-5 in this example are processed by cold stretching and peeling to eliminate the defects on the surface of the extruded rods. Perform cold stretching and deformation processing, and finally prepare a φ2.65mm wire product. The extruded bar tensile strength of the samples numbered 1-2 in this embodiment is 470 MPa, the elongation (elongation) rate is >18%, and the hardness HB is 140. The sample numbered 3-5 added with elemental nickel and aluminum has a tensile strength of 480MPa, an elongation of >20%, and a hardness HB of 140 for the extruded wire rod.
对比样品牌号为HPb59-1的铅黄铜合金挤制棒的抗拉强度为370Mpa，伸长率为18％，硬度HB为90。从测试结果来看，本发明的易切削高锰铜合金的抗拉强度和硬度指标均优于HPb59-1合金。The tensile strength of the lead brass alloy extruded rod of the comparative sample brand HPb59-1 is 370Mpa, the elongation is 18%, and the hardness HB is 90. According to the test results, the tensile strength and hardness index of the free-cutting high manganese copper alloy of the present invention are better than those of the HPb59-1 alloy.
本实施例中的样品在“重庆迪佳科技有限公司”进行了切削力实验，其对比实验材料为C3604，实验条件为：工件直径：φ8.8mm，切削点数：4点，主轴转速：1120r/min，切削速度：30.9626m/min，进给量：0.1mm/r，背吃刀量：0.8mm。The samples in this example were subjected to cutting force experiments in "Chongqing Dijia Technology Co., Ltd.", the comparative experimental material is C3604, the experimental conditions are: workpiece diameter: φ8.8mm, cutting points: 4 points, spindle speed: 1120r/ min, cutting speed: 30.9626m/min, feed rate: 0.1mm/r, back cutting amount: 0.8mm.
测试结果表明样品合金的切削性能相当于C3604合金的74％～82％，而HPb59-1铅黄铜的切削性能只相当于C3604合金的75％，因此，本发明的易切削高锰铜合金其切削性能相当或略优于HPb59-1铅黄铜。Test result shows that the machinability of sample alloy is equivalent to 74%～82% of C3604 alloy, and the machinability of HPb59-1 lead brass is only equivalent to 75% of C3604 alloy, therefore, the free-machining high manganese copper alloy of the present invention is its The cutting performance is equivalent to or slightly better than HPb59-1 lead brass.
实例2：Example 2:
用工业纯铜、工业纯锰、工业纯锌、工业纯铝、工业纯铅、工业纯镍和磷铜中间合金为基本原料，按照拟定的组元成分重量百分比配料，本实施例合金的化学元素组分重量百分比是：Cu 53.0％、Mn 32.0％、Al 1.5％、Ni 1.0％、Pb 1.5％、P 0.06％、Zn余量。With industrial pure copper, industrial pure manganese, industrial pure zinc, industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure lead, industrial pure nickel and phosphor-bronze master alloy as basic raw materials, the chemical elements of the alloy in this embodiment The weight percentage of components is: Cu 53.0%, Mn 32.0%, Al 1.5%, Ni 1.0%, Pb 1.5%, P 0.06%, Zn balance.
原料在800Kg中频感应电炉中熔化，采用半连续铸造的方式铸造φ170mm的铸锭，再锯切成φ170×500mm的锭坯。然后在中频感应加热炉中加热至700～740℃，用1200T挤压机热挤压变形加工成φ13mm和φ23mm的直条棒坯，再经过直条拉伸机，分别扒皮加工至φ12mm和φ22mm；再拉伸变形加工至φ10.6mm和φ20.5mm。本实施例中，成品的抗拉强度为500MPa，延伸率＞31％，硬度HB为140。The raw material is melted in an 800Kg intermediate frequency induction furnace, and a φ170mm ingot is cast by semi-continuous casting, and then sawed into a φ170×500mm ingot. Then heated to 700-740°C in a medium-frequency induction heating furnace, hot-extruded and deformed with a 1200T extruder to process straight billets of φ13mm and φ23mm, and then passed through a straight stretching machine to peel and process to φ12mm and φ22mm respectively; Then stretch and deform to φ10.6mm and φ20.5mm. In this embodiment, the tensile strength of the finished product is 500 MPa, the elongation is >31%, and the hardness HB is 140.
本实施例中的样品在“重庆迪佳科技有限公司”进行了切削力实验，其对比实验材料为C3604，实验条件为：工件直径：φ8.8mm，切削点数：4点，主轴转速：1120r/min，切削速度：30.9626m/min，进给量：0.1mm/r，背吃刀量：0.8mm。The samples in this example were subjected to cutting force experiments in "Chongqing Dijia Technology Co., Ltd.", the comparative experimental material is C3604, the experimental conditions are: workpiece diameter: φ8.8mm, cutting points: 4 points, spindle speed: 1120r/ min, cutting speed: 30.9626m/min, feed rate: 0.1mm/r, back cutting amount: 0.8mm.
测试结果表明样品合金的切削性能相当于C3604合金的76％～82％，而HPb59-1铅黄铜的切削性能只相当于C3604合金的75％，因此，本发明的易切削高锰铜合金其切削性能相当或略优于HPb59-1铅黄铜。Test result shows that the machinability of sample alloy is equivalent to 76%～82% of C3604 alloy, and the machinability of HPb59-1 lead brass is only equivalent to 75% of C3604 alloy, therefore, free-machining high manganese copper alloy of the present invention is its The cutting performance is equivalent to or slightly better than HPb59-1 lead brass.
表2本发明易切削高锰钢合金切削力实验数据表(单位：N)Table 2 The present invention's free-cutting high manganese steel alloy cutting force experiment data table (unit: N)
根据GB/T 10567.2-1997《铜及铜合金加工材残留应力检验方法氨熏试验法》标准，对本发明的棒材进行抗应力腐蚀性能评估，具体方法是，按标准要求取样，在PH值为9.47的氨水溶液产生的氨气氛中，保持48小时，然后观察是否产生表面开裂。可以看到，本发明合金不开裂，由此说明本发明合金对应力腐蚀不敏感。According to the standard of GB/T 10567.2-1997 "Ammonia Fumigation Test Method for Residual Stress of Copper and Copper Alloy Processing Materials", the stress corrosion resistance performance of the bar of the present invention is evaluated. The specific method is to take samples according to the standard requirements. 9.47 In the ammonia atmosphere generated by the ammonia solution, keep it for 48 hours, and then observe whether there is surface cracking. It can be seen that the alloy of the invention does not crack, thus indicating that the alloy of the invention is not susceptible to stress corrosion.
综上，本发明合金的综合性能指标与铅黄铜HPb59-1合金相比，其抗拉强度和硬度指标均优于HPb59-1合金，其切削性能相当或略优于HPb59-1铅黄铜，耐腐蚀性能较好。In summary, compared with lead brass HPb59-1 alloy in comprehensive performance index of the present invention, its tensile strength and hardness index are all better than HPb59-1 alloy, and its cutting performance is equivalent or slightly better than HPb59-1 lead brass , good corrosion resistance.
上述实施例用来解释本发明，而不是对本发明进行限制，在本发明的精神和权利要求保护范围内，对本发明作出的任何修改和改变，都落入本发明的保护范围。The above-mentioned embodiments are used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Within the spirit of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, any modification and change made to the present invention will fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
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| US8568656B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2013-10-29 | Xiamen Lota International Co., Ltd. | Environment-friendly manganese brass alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN104862524A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2015-08-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | High-strength alloy and preparation method therefor |
| CN114616352B (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2024-01-02 | 先进合金控股私人有限公司 | Copper alloy |
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