CN100413095C - Three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator, which comprises a solar battery module array, a bracket for installing the solar battery module array, a plane reflector, a plane reflector installation frame, and a device for automatically tracking the sun's rotation. The solar cell assembly array is composed of multilayer solar cell panel assemblies, and the multilayer solar cell panels are longitudinally and spaced above the plane reflector. Since the solar cell panel assembly of the present invention is symmetrically installed on both sides of the center line of the support in multiple layers, the installation angles of each layer of solar cell panels and the support are different, and the reflector array is divided into multiple groups, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the center line of the frame. The utilization rate of the reflector is greater than 90%, especially under the heat resistance of the existing monocrystalline silicon solar panels, it is especially suitable for the concentration ratio of about 3 times.

Description

Three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator

technical field

The invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation device, in particular to a three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator, which belongs to the technical field of solar energy utilization.

Background technique

Solar energy is a clean and pollution-free renewable energy, inexhaustible and inexhaustible. Fully exploiting solar energy can not only save the increasingly depleted conventional energy, alleviate the severe shortage of resources, but also reduce pollution and protect human beings. ecological environment for survival. Among many solar energy utilization technologies, solar photovoltaic power generation technology realizes the direct conversion of solar energy into electric energy, which is the most convenient way of utilization. It has the characteristics of safe and reliable operation, no fuel, no noise, no pollution, local utilization, It is easy to use and maintain, and the scale can be large or small, so it has been valued by countries all over the world.

Although solar photovoltaic power generation has many advantages, in the development process of photovoltaic power generation, the high cost of use has always been a key factor restricting its rapid promotion and application. One of the important reasons is that the semiconductor materials used to produce solar cells are expensive and consume a large amount, which makes it difficult to greatly reduce the cost of photovoltaic power generation systems with solar cells as the core.

Conventional photovoltaic power generation systems are generally fixed installation of solar cells, the price remains high, it is difficult to quickly popularize and apply. According to the fact that the output current of solar cells increases proportionally to the received light intensity under certain conditions without affecting the life of photovoltaic cells, people began to study the use of concentrating and tracking technologies, hoping to reduce the number of solar cells while obtaining the same power. The amount of usage, and the increased cost of tracking and concentrating is much lower than the cost of saved solar cells, which is equivalent to replacing expensive semiconductor materials with ordinary metal glass and other materials. Germany, the United States, Spain, Australia and other countries have developed various concentrating photovoltaic power generation systems such as Fresnel lens concentrating and reflective concentrating. Improvement, high manufacturing cost, the disadvantages of large-scale parabolic reflection and concentrating are that the parabolic reflector is difficult to manufacture, the cost is high, the reflector is easily broken, and the overall windproof performance of the mechanism is poor. All of these lead to the insignificant improvement of the cost performance of the whole system, making it difficult to realize the advantages of the concentrated photovoltaic power generation system. So far, only a small number of experimental and demonstration concentrating photovoltaic power generation systems have been put into operation.

In recent years, the output of solar photovoltaic modules in my country has almost doubled every year, but the level of development and utilization of solar photovoltaic technology is not only far lower than that of developed countries, but also lags behind developing countries such as India and Brazil. Although my country has good solar energy resources and photovoltaic cell manufacturing capacity, the overall level of the solar photovoltaic industry is still far behind that of developed countries. First, the production of crystalline silicon raw materials used in solar cells depends on imports, and raw materials are in short supply. Even for a long period of time in the future, there is little room for cost reduction. Second, there are still few applications of solar photovoltaic systems.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power concentrator that is easy to manufacture, low in cost, high in cost performance, high in reflector utilization, and large in scale.

For realizing the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:

The present invention is a three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator, which includes a solar battery module array, a bracket for installing the solar battery module array, a plane reflector array, a plane reflector installation frame, and a device for automatically tracking the rotation of the sun; The device for automatically tracking the rotation of the sun is composed of a driving device for driving the plane mirror frame to rotate, a photoelectric sensor and a processing circuit for receiving sunlight; the solar cell module array is composed of at least two layers of solar cell panel components, and the multilayer solar cell Longitudinal and spaced above the plane mirrors.

The bracket is arranged on the center line of the plane mirror installation frame, and its lower end is fixed on the plane mirror installation frame; the described multi-layer solar cell panels are vertically and spacedly installed on the upper part of the bracket and are located at the top of the plane mirror array. Above, opposite to the plane mirror array.

Each layer of solar panel components is composed of two rows of symmetrical solar panel components; the array of planar reflectors is divided into multiple groups and symmetrically installed on both sides of the center line of the reflector installation frame.

The two symmetrical rows of solar panel assemblies are symmetrically installed on both sides of the support.

Each row of solar panel components described above corresponds to a set of plane reflectors.

Each set of plane mirrors is composed of at least three rows of plane mirrors.

After adopting the above scheme, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) Since the solar cell panel assembly of the present invention is installed symmetrically on both sides of the center line of the support in multiple layers, the installation angles of each layer of solar cell panels and the support are different, and the reflector array is divided into multiple groups, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the center line of the frame , The utilization rate of the flat glass mirror is greater than 90%, especially under the heat resistance of the existing monocrystalline silicon solar panel, it is especially suitable for the light concentration ratio of about 3 times.

(2) Since only one tracker is installed on the multi-layer solar panels of the present invention, the manufacturing cost is saved, and the present invention has simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost and high cost performance. The concentration ratio can be reasonably designed according to the local sunlight intensity, which is suitable for application in solar photovoltaic power generation systems of different scales, and is conducive to the popularization and application of photovoltaic power generation systems.

(3) Due to the symmetrical structure of the present invention, it is not only neat and beautiful, but also its frame support structure naturally leaves a large gap for wind penetration, and the reflector array also forms appropriate gaps, which significantly enhances the wind resistance of the system.

(4) Since the irradiated surface of the solar cell module is placed downward, dust and other dirt can be prevented from accumulating on the irradiated surface, and hot spots will not be formed, thereby avoiding the heat island effect and prolonging the life of the solar cell module.

In summary, compared with the fixed photovoltaic power generation system, the present invention is easy to manufacture and low in cost, and increases the sunlight irradiation intensity received by the solar cell panel. A fraction of that of the traditional photovoltaic power generation system, and the cost of adding a tracking and concentrating mechanism is much lower than the cost of the saved solar cells, so the overall cost is significantly reduced and the cost performance is improved. The concentrator automatically tracks the rotation of the sun through photoelectric sensors, electric control systems and driving devices to ensure that the real-time changing sun's rays always maintain a certain positional relationship with the concentrator. In this way, it is ensured that each group of flat mirrors on the frame evenly reflects the sun's rays to the battery board on the bracket, and realizes the function of concentrating light several times.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a side view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the front view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical principle of the first arrangement of the solar cell module array of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical principle of the second arrangement of the solar cell module array of the present invention;

Fig. 5 Mathematical model of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator, which includes a solar cell module array 1, a bracket 2 for installing the solar cell module array, a plane reflector array 3, a plane reflector mounting frame 4, Automatic tracking sun reflector5.

The automatic tracking sun reflector 5 is composed of a drive device 51 for driving the plane reflector frame 4 to rotate, a photoelectric sensor 52 for receiving sunlight and a processing circuit (not shown in the figure).

The bracket 2 is arranged on the center line of the plane mirror mounting frame 4 , and its lower end is fixedly connected to the plane mirror mounting frame 4 . The solar battery module array 1 is installed on a support 2 . The solar cell assembly array 1 is composed of two layers of solar cell assembly 11 , 12 . The upper solar panel assembly 11 is composed of two rows of symmetrical solar panel assemblies 111 , 112 . The lower solar panel assembly 12 is composed of two rows of symmetrical solar panel assemblies 121 , 122 . The upper solar cell panel assembly 11 and the lower solar cell panel assembly 12 are installed longitudinally and at intervals on the upper part of the bracket 2, that is, the upper solar cell panel assembly 11 is installed on top, and the lower solar cell panel assembly 12 is installed on the bottom. Moreover, the two rows of symmetrical upper solar panel assemblies 111, 112 and the symmetrical lower two rows of solar panel assemblies 121, 122 are all symmetrically installed on both sides of the support 2, and are all located above the plane reflector array 3, in order to make The solar battery module array 1 is opposite to the plane mirror array 3 , and the solar battery module array 1 is reversely installed on the support 2 so as to receive the reflected light from the plane mirror array 3 . In this embodiment, the plane mirror array 3 is composed of four groups of plane mirrors 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , and each group of plane mirrors 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 includes three rows of plane mirrors. Each column of solar panel assemblies 111, 112, 121, 122 corresponds to a group of plane reflectors, thereby forming the following correspondence (as shown in Figure 3): the solar panel assemblies 111 correspond to the plane reflectors 31, and the solar panel assemblies 121 correspond to The plane reflector 32 , the solar panel assembly 112 corresponds to the plane reflector 33 , and the solar panel assembly 122 corresponds to the plane reflector 34 .

If the solar cell assembly array 1' is composed of three layers of solar cell panel assemblies 11', 12', 13', then it forms a corresponding relationship with the plane reflector array 3' as shown in Fig. 4 .

The present invention automatically tracks the rotation of the sun through the photoelectric sensor 52, the electric control system (not shown in the figure) and the driving device 51 to ensure that the real-time changing sunlight and the concentrator always maintain a certain positional relationship. Thereby ensure that each group of plane mirrors 31, 32, 33, 34 of the plane mirror installation frame 4 evenly reflects the sunlight to the corresponding four rows of solar panel assemblies 111, 112, 121, 122 on the top of the support 2, realizing several times Spotlight function.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical principle of the present invention. After the incident light is reflected by each planar reflector array 3', it is evenly irradiated onto the solar cell array 1' on the corresponding side, realizing the light concentrating function of several times.

Fig. 5 is a mathematical model of the present invention, a Cartesian coordinate system is established between the solar panel 1A and the plane mirror 3A, assuming that the placement angle and width of the solar panel 1A are φ and AB ₁ respectively, as shown in the figure, the incident light B ₁ O ₁ passes through the plane mirror O ₁ The light O ₁ A reflected by the terminal O ₁ of O ₂ is reflected to the terminal A of the battery panel, and the placement angle β ₁ of the plane mirror O ₁ O ₂ can be obtained from the incident light and the reflected light. Through the other end point B ₁ of the battery board, as the reflected light B ₁ O ₂ //AO ₁ , the other end point O ₂ of the plane mirror can be obtained, and the rest of the plane mirrors O ₂ O ₃ , O ₃ O ₄ , O ₄ can be obtained in the same way O ₅ ... placement angles and dimensions.

The key point of the present invention is that the solar battery module array is composed of more than two layers of solar battery panel components, and the multilayer solar battery panels are longitudinally and spaced above the plane reflector.

Therefore, any array of solar cell components in the form of solar cell panel components stacked in multiple layers above the plane reflector falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator, which includes a solar cell module array, a support for installing the solar cell module array, a plane mirror array, a plane mirror installation frame, and a device for automatically tracking the sun's rotation; The device for tracking the rotation of the sun is composed of a driving device for driving the plane mirror frame to rotate, a photoelectric sensor and a processing circuit for receiving sunlight; it is characterized in that: the solar cell module array is composed of at least two layers of solar cell panel components, and the multilayer The solar cell panels are vertically and spaced above the plane reflector; the bracket is arranged on the center line of the plane reflector mounting frame, and its lower end is affixed to the plane reflector mounting frame; the multilayer solar cell panel Longitudinally, it is installed on the upper part of the support at intervals and is located above the plane reflector array, opposite to the plane reflector array. 2. The three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: each layer of solar panel components is composed of two rows of symmetrical solar panel components; the array of planar reflectors is divided into Multiple groups, symmetrically installed on both sides of the center line of the mirror installation frame. 3. The three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the symmetrical multi-row solar panel assemblies are symmetrically installed on both sides of the support. 4. The three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator according to claim 3, characterized in that: each row of solar panel components corresponds to a group of plane reflectors. 5. The three-dimensional multi-level photovoltaic power generation concentrator according to claim 4, characterized in that: each set of plane reflectors is composed of at least three rows of plane reflectors.

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