CN100391966C - Synthesis method of 2-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro cytidine - Google Patents
Synthesis method of 2-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro cytidine Download PDFInfo
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- CN100391966C CN100391966C CNB2005100268853A CN200510026885A CN100391966C CN 100391966 C CN100391966 C CN 100391966C CN B2005100268853 A CNB2005100268853 A CN B2005100268853A CN 200510026885 A CN200510026885 A CN 200510026885A CN 100391966 C CN100391966 C CN 100391966C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method for synthesizing 2'-deoxidation-2', 2'-difluoro-cytidine. D-ribose is used as a raw material and passes through the middle bodies prepared in sequence: methyl-beta-D-nucleoside or methyl-2, 3-oxygen-isopropylidene-beta-D-nucleotide, methyl-3, 5-O-(1, 1, 3, 3-3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1, 3-diradical)-beta-D-nucleoside, methyl-3, 5-O-(1, 1, 3, 3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1, 3-diradical)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleoside, methyl-3, 5-O-(1, 1, 3, 3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1, 3 diradical)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleoside, methyl-3, 5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleoside, 3, 5-O-dibenzyl-2, 2-difluoro-beta-D-ribose acetic ester, 3, 5-O-dibenzyl-2, 2-difluoro-beta-D-cytidine, 3, 5-O-dibenzyl-2, 2-difluoro-beta-D-ribose acetic ester, 3, 5-O-dibenzyl-2, 2-difluoro-beta-D-cytidine and 3, 5-O-dibenzyl-2, 2-difluoro-beta-D-cytidine benzyl radical removing protection; 2'-deoxidation-2', 2'-difluoro-cytidine is obtained. The method has the advantages of low raw material price and wide raw material resource. Some steps need to be simply processed for the next-step reaction. The present invention is favorable to repetition and production in a large scale.
Description
Technical field
2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines (Gemcitabine) are a kind of furans nucleoside compounds.The present invention relates to a kind of 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidine synthetic methods belong to nucleoside compound synthetic technical field.
Background technology
2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines (trade(brand)name: gemcitabine) treatment viral infection disease and cancer are had curative effect preferably, at present the research of this medicine is just being received related personnel's very big concern.2 '-deoxidation-2 ', the structural formula of 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines is as follows:
According to the literature, the main synthetic method of this medicine is to be raw material with D-Glycerose, with the ethyl bromide difluoride is that fluorizating agent synthesizes, see Hertel.L.W etc. at " organic chemistry " J.Org.Chem, 1988.53.2406 and Chou.T.S etc. are at the report of " synthesizing " Synthesis.1992.565.At Synthetic 2 as stated above '-deoxidation-2 '; in the process of 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines; adopt the Reformatsky asymmetric reaction of substrate control; because the selectivity of this reaction is not high; in the 2 '-deoxidation-2 ' of preparation key intermediate chipal compounds; during 2 '-two fluoro-D-ribofuranoses; can not control the stereoselectivity reaction well; and in building-up process, adopt the lower anhydrous and oxygen-free ether of boiling point etc. to make reaction solvent; split process poor controllability such as isomer through solvent crystallization; total yield is not high, and poor repeatability is unfavorable for large-scale production.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidine synthetic methods.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to be raw material with D-ribose, through preparing intermediate: methyl-β-D-nucleosides or methyl-2 successively, 3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides; methyl-3; 5-O-(1,1,3; 3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides; methyl-3,5-O-(1; 1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1; 3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides; methyl-3; 5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides; 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester; 3; 5-O-dibenzyl-2; 2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine; 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester; 3; 5-O-dibenzyl-2; 2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine, 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2; 2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine removes benzyl protection; get product, 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines.
Now describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail.A kind of 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidine synthetic methods is characterized in that, are raw material with D-ribose, synthetic route is as follows:
The 1st step preparation compound 1
Under acid catalysis, D-ribose and anhydrous methanol reaction obtain compound 1, and compound 1 is methyl-β-D-nucleosides, and catalyzer is a dry hydrogen chloride, the vitriol oil or tin protochloride;
The 2nd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides
The hydroxyl of silicon protection methyl-β-D-nucleosides obtains methyl-3, and 5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides, the protective material of hydroxyl is 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane, above-mentioned hydroxyl protection are selected from the anhydrous aprotic solvent of organizing down at one or more and carry out: methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1, the 2-ethylene dichloride, 1, the 1-ethylene dichloride, 1, vinyl trichloride, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl-phenoxide, two sweet ethers, ether, n-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), Nitromethane 99Min., nitroethane, nitropropane, in above-mentioned hydroxyl protection, diethylamine, triethylamine, Diisopropylamine, isobutylamine, Tri N-Propyl Amine, n-Butyl Amine 99, N, N-dimethyl allene urea, 2, the 6-dichlorobenzonitrile, hexamethylphosphoramide or pyridine are acid binding agent, methyl-β-D-nucleosides and 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the mol ratio of 3-tetra isopropyl-sily oxide is 1: 1.1～2, temperature of reaction-10 ℃～25 ℃, reaction times 2～7h;
The 3rd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
Oxidation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides gets methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, oxygenant is selected from CrO
3, Na
2CrO
7, pyridinium chloro-chromate, pyridine pyridinium dichromate, KMnO
4, MnO
2, methyl-sulphoxide/1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, methyl-sulphoxide/SOCl
2Or Dai Si-Martin's reagent, being reflected under-5 ℃～35 ℃ and carrying out, reaction solvent is selected anhydrous methylene chloride or trichloromethane for use;
The 4th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride to methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-and 2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides desiliconization protection, obtain methyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, benzyl protection gets methyl-3 again, 5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, the reagent of desiliconization protection is tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and benzyl protection is selected in the protection again of hydroxyl, and used alkali is inorganic organic bases commonly used;
The 5th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides
Fluorinated methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides gets methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides, fluorizating agent is selected diethylin sulfur trifluoride, 1 for use, 3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrochysene-2-pyridone-HF or diethylin sulfur trifluoride-1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5, the mixture of 6-tetrahydrochysene-2-pyridone-HF, fluoridation is carried out in anhydrous methylene chloride or anhydrous trichloromethane;
The 6th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester
Hydrolyzing methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides, esterification subsequently gets 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester, the used acid of hydrolysis is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, the organic acid of tosic acid or C1-C5, the alcohol that hydrolysis obtains directly drops into the next step, generate ester, esterifying agent is diacetyl oxide or Acetyl Chloride 98Min., and alkali is triethylamine, diethylamine, pyridine, imidazoles or 4-dimethyl amine yl pyridines;
The 7th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine
With silication cytosine(Cyt) and 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester is that Lewis acid carries out the silication linked reaction with the tin tetrachloride in anhydrous methylene chloride, gets 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine;
The 8th go on foot product, 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines
In the polar solvent that is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF); with 3; 5-O-dibenzyl-2, benzyl protection is removed in 2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine hydrogenation, gets product; 2 '-deoxidation-2 '; 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines, catalyst P d (5%)/C, hydrogen pressure 1～5atm; 0 ℃～25 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 2-7h.
Technical scheme of the present invention is further characterized in that in the 1st step, catalyzer is a dry hydrogen chloride, and compound 1 can also be made the second glycosides except making the first glycosides, third glycosides or different third glycosides; In the 2nd step, above-mentioned hydroxyl protection carries out in the anhydrous aprotic solvent of anhydrous methylene chloride or trichloromethane, in above-mentioned hydroxyl protection, pyridine is an acid binding agent, methyl-β-D-nucleosides and 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the mol ratio of 3-tetra isopropyl-sily oxide is 1: 1.1～1.2, temperature of reaction-5 ℃～0 ℃, reaction times 3h; In the 3rd step, oxygenant selects Dai Si-Martin's reagent, and reaction is at room temperature carried out; In the 4th step, the reagent of desiliconization protection is tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and benzyl protection is selected in the protection again of hydroxyl, and used alkali is sodium hydride; In the 6th step, the used acid of hydrolysis is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and esterifying agent is an acetic anhydride; In the 8th step, polar solvent is a methyl alcohol, hydrogen pressure 1atm, 25 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 3h.
A kind of 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidine synthetic methods is characterized in that, are raw material with D-ribose, synthetic route is as follows:
The 1st step preparation compound 2
Under acid catalysis, the reaction of the mixed solvent of D-ribose and acetone and methyl alcohol obtains compound 2, and compound 2 is methyl-2, and 3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides, catalyzer are Lewis acid two hydrated stannous chlorides;
The 2nd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides
Silicon protection methyl-2, the hydroxyl of 3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides obtains methyl-3, and 5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-and β-D-nucleosides, the protective material of hydroxyl is 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the 3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane, above-mentioned hydroxyl protection is selected from the anhydrous aprotic solvent of organizing down at one or more and carries out: methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,2-ethylene dichloride, 1, the 1-ethylene dichloride, 1,1, the 1-trichloroethane, 1,1, the 2-trichloroethane, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl-phenoxide, two sweet ethers, ether, n-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), Nitromethane 99Min., nitroethane, nitropropane, in above-mentioned hydroxyl protection, diethylamine, triethylamine, Diisopropylamine, isobutylamine, Tri N-Propyl Amine, n-Butyl Amine 99, N, N-dimethyl allene urea, 2, the 6-dichlorobenzonitrile, hexamethylphosphoramide or pyridine are acid binding agent, methyl-2,3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides and 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the mol ratio of 3-tetra isopropyl-sily oxide is 1: 1.1～2, temperature of reaction-10 ℃～25 ℃, reaction times 2～7h;
The 3rd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
Oxidation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides gets methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, oxygenant is selected from CrO
3, Na
2CrO
7, pyridinium chloro-chromate, pyridine pyridinium dichromate, KMnO
4, MnO
2, methyl-sulphoxide/1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, methyl-sulphoxide/SOCl
2, Dai Si-Martin's reagent, be reflected under-5 ℃～35 ℃ and carry out, reaction solvent is selected anhydrous methylene chloride or trichloromethane for use;
The 4th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride to methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-and 2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides desiliconization protection, obtain methyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, benzyl protection gets methyl-3 again, 5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, the reagent of desiliconization protection is tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and benzyl protection is selected in the protection again of hydroxyl, and used alkali is inorganic organic bases commonly used;
The 5th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides
Fluorinated methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides gets methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides, fluorizating agent is selected diethylin sulfur trifluoride, 1 for use, 3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrochysene-2-pyridone-HF or diethylin sulfur trifluoride-1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5, the mixture of 6-tetrahydrochysene-2-pyridone-HF, fluoridation is carried out in anhydrous methylene chloride or anhydrous trichloromethane;
The 6th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester
Hydrolyzing methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides, esterification subsequently gets 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester, the used acid of hydrolysis is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, the organic acid of tosic acid or C1-C5, the alcohol that hydrolysis obtains directly drops into the next step, generate ester, esterifying agent is diacetyl oxide or Acetyl Chloride 98Min., and alkali is triethylamine, diethylamine, pyridine, imidazoles or 4-dimethyl amine yl pyridines;
The 7th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine
With silication cytosine(Cyt) and 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester is that Lewis acid carries out the silication linked reaction with the tin tetrachloride in anhydrous methylene chloride, gets 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine;
The 8th go on foot product, 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines
In the polar solvent that is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF); with 3; 5-O-dibenzyl-2, benzyl protection is removed in 2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine hydrogenation, gets product; 2 '-deoxidation-2 '; 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines, catalyst P d (5%)/C, hydrogen pressure 1～5atm; 0 ℃～25 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 2～7h.
Technical scheme of the present invention is further characterized in that in the 2nd step, above-mentioned hydroxyl protection carries out in the anhydrous aprotic solvent of anhydrous methylene chloride or trichloromethane, in above-mentioned hydroxyl protection, pyridine is an acid binding agent, methyl-2,3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides and 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the mol ratio of 3-tetra isopropyl-sily oxide is 1: 1.1～1.2, temperature of reaction-5 ℃～0 ℃, reaction times 3h; In the 3rd step, oxygenant selects Dai Si-Martin's reagent, and reaction is at room temperature carried out; In the 4th step, the reagent of desiliconization protection is tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and benzyl protection is selected in the protection again of hydroxyl, and used alkali is sodium hydride; In the 6th step, the used acid of hydrolysis is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and esterifying agent is an acetic anhydride; In the 8th step, polar solvent is a methyl alcohol, hydrogen pressure 1atm, 25 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 3h.
Compare with background technology, the present invention has following advantage:
The present invention is a raw material with D-ribose cheap and easy to get, through preparing a plurality of intermediates successively, Synthetic 2 effectively '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines (Gemcitabine), some step only need just can drop into the next step through simple process in the synthetic route provided by the invention, helps repetition and enlarges scale production.
Its synthetic route of technical scheme provided by the present invention is as follows:
Embodiment
The present invention further specifies technical scheme of the present invention by the following examples.
Embodiment 12 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines one of synthetic
The 1st step preparation methyl-β-D-nucleosides
Add 300ml methyl alcohol in the three-necked bottle of 500ml, 50 gram (0.332mol) D-ribose, 65 gram (0.332mol) dry HCl (0.25%), stirring is warming up to 40 ℃, keeps 20 hours, and reaction finishes, revolve the steaming solvent, drying obtains 54.4 gram solids, methyl-β-D-nucleosides;
The 2nd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides
50 gram (0.305mol) methyl-β-D-nucleosides are dissolved in 500ml methylene dichloride and the 100ml pyridine, cryosel is bathed and is chilled to 0 ℃, slowly drip 97.5ml (0.305mol) TIPDSCl, dripped off in two hours, and at room temperature stirred removal of solvent under reduced pressure then 3 hours, residue is dissolved in the 500ml methylene dichloride, water successively, 2M HCl, saturated common salt water washing, the organic phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, revolve steam 93 the gram products, methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides;
The 3rd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
Under the nitrogen protection, with 40.6 gram (100mmol) methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides is dissolved in 400ml anhydrous methylene chloride solution, joins in the 400ml dichloromethane solution of the Dess-Martin reagent that contain 65 grams, stirring at room 2 hours, reaction mixture is poured in the saturated sodium bicarbonate solution of the 2000ml that contains 250 Sulfothiorine that restrain, stirred 30 minutes, tell organic phase, organic phase is used saturated sodium bicarbonate solution respectively, water and saturated common salt water washing, anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying filters, revolve steaming, get 30.78 gram products, methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides;
The 4th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
20.25 the methyl-3 of gram (50mmol), 5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides is dissolved in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) of 200ml, ice bath to 0 ℃, the tetrahydrofuran solution 100ml that adds the TBAF of 1M, stirring at room 5 hours adds 100ml saturated aqueous common salt and 300ml ethyl acetate, tells organic layer, anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, revolve steaming, residue is dissolved in the anhydrous tetrahydro furan of 200ml, adds the sodium hydride of 2.52 grams (105mmol), be chilled to 0 ℃, slowly drip the benzyl bromine of 12ml, stirring at room 3 hours is slowly poured into above-mentioned solution in the frozen water, ethyl acetate extraction, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying filters and revolves steaming, and the residue column chromatography gets 13 gram products, methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides;
The 5th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides
17.1 gram (50mmol) methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides is dissolved in the 300ml anhydrous methylene chloride nitrogen protection, drip 25ml (193mmol) DAST, stirring at room 3 hours adds saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and is adjusted to neutrality, separatory, the organic phase anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, drying is revolved steaming, and column chromatography gets 10.8 gram products, methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides;
The 6th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester
36.4 gram (100mmol) methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides is dissolved in the 500ml tetrahydrofuran (THF), adds the sulfuric acid of the 0.04M of 200ml, be heated to 50 ℃, kept 3 hours, and be cooled to room temperature, add solid sodium carbonate and transfer to neutrality, dichloromethane extraction, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying revolves steaming, and residue is dissolved in the 300ml methylene dichloride, the mixing solutions of the pyridine of 20ml and 22ml acetic anhydride, stirring at room 3 hours, add the saturated sodium bicarbonate washing, separatory, organic phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, get 40 gram products, 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester;
The 7th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine
39.2 gram (100mmol) 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester is dissolved in the 300ml anhydrous methylene chloride, and (13.3 gram cytosine(Cyt)s are dissolved in the 50ml chloroform to drop to the silication cytosine(Cyt), 10mlHMDS, catalytic amount ammonium sulfate, reflux) ice bath to 0 ℃ slowly drips the 14ml anhydrous stannic chloride, stirring at room 4 hours, add 40 gram sodium bicarbonates, slowly splash into 50ml water, stir, suction filtration, the mother liquor separatory, the organic phase drying is revolved steaming, gets solid, recrystallization gets 35 gram products, 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine;
The 8th go on foot product, 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines
2.215 gram (5mmol) 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine is dissolved in 50ml methyl alcohol, adds 5%Pd/C, and (1atm) reaction is 3 hours under the hydrogen atmosphere, filters and revolves steaming, gets 1.2 gram products, 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines.
Embodiment 22 '-deoxidation-2 ', synthetic two of 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines
The 1st step preparation methyl-2,3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides
The acetone that adds 500ml in the three-necked bottle of 1000ml, 130ml methyl alcohol, 25 gram (0.166mol) D-ribose, 37.5 gram (0.166mol) two hydrated stannous chlorides, stir, add the 1ml vitriol oil again, be warming up to 40 ℃, kept 20 hours, reaction finishes, the solid suction filtration, and filtrate is washed till neutrality with saturated sodium bicarbonate, the solution becomes muddiness, use diatomite filtration, filtrate is revolved steaming, the residue acetic acid ethyl dissolution, use the saturated common salt water washing, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying filters and revolves steaming, obtains 30 gram products, methyl-2,3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides;
The 2nd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides
50 gram (0.245mol) methyl-2,3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides is dissolved in the 500ml80% aqueous acetic acid, stirring at room 4 hours, use dichloromethane extraction then, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying is spin-dried for, residue is dissolved in the methylene dichloride, cryosel is bathed and is chilled to 0 ℃, slowly drips 78ml (0.245mol) TIPDSCl, drips off in two hours, at room temperature stirred then 3 hours, removal of solvent under reduced pressure, residue are dissolved in the 500ml methylene dichloride, successively water, 2M HCl and saturated common salt water washing, the organic phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, revolve steam 66.7 the gram products, methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides;
The 3rd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
Under the nitrogen protection, 40.6 gram (100mmol) methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides is dissolved in the 400ml anhydrous methylene chloride, adds 47.15 gram PDC (128mmol), stirring at room 24 hours, filter, revolve steaming, the residue rapid column chromatography gets 28.35 gram products, methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides;
The 4th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
20.25 gram (50mmol) methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides is dissolved in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) of 200ml, the tetrahydrofuran solution 100ml that adds the TBAF of 1M, stirring at room 4 hours adds 100ml saturated aqueous common salt and 300ml ethyl acetate, tells organic layer, anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, revolve steaming, residue is dissolved in the anhydrous diethyl ether of 200ml, is cooled to 0 ℃, the sodium hydride that adds 2.52 grams (105mmol), slowly rise to room temperature, stirred 30 minutes, slowly drip the benzyl bromine of 12ml again under the ice bath, dropwised stirring at room 3 hours, above-mentioned solution is slowly poured in the frozen water into ethyl acetate extraction, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, steaming is revolved in filtration, the residue column chromatography gets 11.9 gram products, methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides;
The 5th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides
17.1 gram (50mmol) methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides is dissolved in the 300ml anhydrous methylene chloride nitrogen protection, drip 20ml (154mmol) DAST and 0.22mlDMPU-20HF, stirring at room 3 hours, ice bath add saturated sodium bicarbonate solution down and are adjusted to neutrality, separatory, the organic phase anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, drying is revolved steaming, and column chromatography gets 11.4 gram products, methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides;
The 6th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester
36.4 gram (100mmol) methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides is dissolved in the 500ml tetrahydrofuran (THF), add the sulfuric acid of the 0.04M of 200ml, be heated to 50 ℃, kept 3 hours, be cooled to room temperature, add solid sodium carbonate and transfer to neutrality, dichloromethane extraction, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, revolve steaming, residue is dissolved in the 300ml methylene dichloride, the triethylamine of 15ml, 22ml Acetyl Chloride 98Min., stirred 3.5 hours under the room temperature, add the saturated sodium bicarbonate washing, separatory, organic phase anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, get 38.6 gram products, 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester;
The 7th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine
39.2 gram (100mmol) 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester is dissolved in the 300ml anhydrous acetonitrile, and (13.3 gram cytosine(Cyt)s are dissolved in the 50ml acetonitrile to drop to the silication cytosine(Cyt), 10mlHMDS, catalytic amount ammonium sulfate, reflux) ice bath to 0 ℃ slowly drips the 14ml anhydrous stannic chloride, stirred 4 hours under the room temperature, add 40 gram sodium bicarbonates, slowly splash into 50ml water, stir, suction filtration, the mother liquor separatory, the organic phase drying is revolved steaming, gets solid, recrystallization gets 33.2 gram products, 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine;
The 8th go on foot product, 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines
2.215 gram (5mmol) 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine is dissolved in 50ml methyl alcohol: ethanol=1: 1 (V/V), fed the exsiccant ammonia 24 hours, revolve the steaming column chromatography and get 1.13 gram products, 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines.
Below be method synthetic of the present invention 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', the test data of 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines:
[a]
22 D=+71 ° (c, 0.96, methyl alcohol), its data are consistent with bibliographical information,
1HNMR(500MHz，D
2O)：δ：3.9(d，2H)，4.06(m，1H)，4.4(dt，1H)，5.9(d，1H)，6.17(t，1H)，7.8(d，1H)。
Claims (5)
1. 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidine synthetic methods is characterized in that, are raw material with D-ribose, synthetic route is as follows:
The 1st step preparation compound 1
Under acid catalysis, D-ribose and anhydrous methanol reaction obtain compound 1, and compound 1 is methyl-β-D-nucleosides, and catalyzer is a dry hydrogen chloride, the vitriol oil or tin protochloride;
The 2nd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides
The hydroxyl of silicon protection methyl-β-D-nucleosides obtains methyl-3, and 5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides, the protective material of hydroxyl is 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane, above-mentioned hydroxyl protection are selected from the anhydrous aprotic solvent of organizing down at one or more and carry out: methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1, the 2-ethylene dichloride, 1, the 1-ethylene dichloride, 1, vinyl trichloride, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl-phenoxide, two sweet ethers, ether, n-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), Nitromethane 99Min., nitroethane, nitropropane, in above-mentioned hydroxyl protection, diethylamine, triethylamine, Diisopropylamine, isobutylamine, Tri N-Propyl Amine, n-Butyl Amine 99, N, N-dimethyl allene urea, 2, the 6-dichlorobenzonitrile, hexamethylphosphoramide or pyridine are acid binding agent, methyl-β-D-nucleosides and 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the mol ratio of 3-tetra isopropyl-sily oxide is 1: 1.1～2, temperature of reaction-10 ℃～25 ℃, reaction times 2～7h;
The 3rd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
Oxidation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides gets methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, oxygenant is selected from CrO
3, Na
2CrO
7, pyridinium chloro-chromate, pyridine pyridinium dichromate, KMnO
4, MnO
2, methyl-sulphoxide/1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, methyl-sulphoxide/SOCl
2Or Dai Si-Martin's reagent, being reflected under-5 ℃～35 ℃ and carrying out, reaction solvent is selected anhydrous methylene chloride or trichloromethane for use;
The 4th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride to methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-and 2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides desiliconization protection, obtain methyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, benzyl protection gets methyl-3 again, 5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, the reagent of desiliconization protection is tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and benzyl protection is selected in the protection again of hydroxyl, and used alkali is inorganic organic bases commonly used;
The 5th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides
Fluorinated methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides gets methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides, fluorizating agent is selected diethylin sulfur trifluoride, 1 for use, 3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrochysene-2-pyridone-HF or diethylin sulfur trifluoride-1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5, the mixture of 6-tetrahydrochysene-2-pyridone-HF, fluoridation is carried out in anhydrous methylene chloride or anhydrous trichloromethane;
The 6th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester
Hydrolyzing methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides, esterification subsequently gets 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester, the used acid of hydrolysis is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, the organic acid of tosic acid or C1-C5, the alcohol that hydrolysis obtains directly drops into the next step, generate ester, esterifying agent is diacetyl oxide or Acetyl Chloride 98Min., and alkali is triethylamine, diethylamine, pyridine, imidazoles or 4-dimethyl amine yl pyridines;
The 7th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine
With silication cytosine(Cyt) and 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester is that Lewis acid carries out the silication linked reaction with the tin tetrachloride in anhydrous methylene chloride, gets 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine;
The 8th go on foot product, 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines
In the polar solvent that is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF); with 3; 5-O-dibenzyl-2, benzyl protection is removed in 2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine hydrogenation, gets product; 2 '-deoxidation-2 '; 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines, catalyst P d (5%)/C, hydrogen pressure 1～5atm; 0 ℃～25 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 2-7h.
2. 2 '-deoxidation-2 ' according to claim 1,2 '-two fluoro-cytidine synthetic methods is characterized in that, and in the 1st step, catalyzer is a dry hydrogen chloride, and compound 1 can also be made the second glycosides except making the first glycosides, third glycosides or different third glycosides; In the 2nd step, above-mentioned hydroxyl protection carries out in the anhydrous aprotic solvent of anhydrous methylene chloride or trichloromethane, in above-mentioned hydroxyl protection, pyridine is an acid binding agent, methyl-β-D-nucleosides and 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the mol ratio of 3-tetra isopropyl-sily oxide is 1: 1.1～1.2, temperature of reaction-5 ℃～0 ℃, reaction times 3h; In the 3rd step, oxygenant selects Dai Si-Martin's reagent, and reaction is at room temperature carried out; In the 4th step, the reagent of desiliconization protection is tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and benzyl protection is selected in the protection again of hydroxyl, and used alkali is sodium hydride; In the 6th step, the used acid of hydrolysis is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and esterifying agent is an acetic anhydride; In the 8th step, polar solvent is a methyl alcohol, hydrogen pressure 1atm, 25 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 3h.
3. 2 '-deoxidation-2 ' according to claim 1,2 '-two fluoro-cytidine synthetic methods is characterized in that, and in the 8th step, polar solvent is a methyl alcohol, and hydrogen pressure is 1atm, and temperature of reaction is 25 ℃, the reaction times is 3h.
4. 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidine synthetic methods is characterized in that, are raw material with D-ribose, synthetic route is as follows:
The 1st step preparation compound 2
Under acid catalysis, the reaction of the mixed solvent of D-ribose and acetone and methyl alcohol obtains compound 2, and compound 2 is methyl-2, and 3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides, catalyzer are Lewis acid two hydrated stannous chlorides;
The 2nd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides
Silicon protection methyl-2, the hydroxyl of 3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides obtains methyl-3, and 5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-and β-D-nucleosides, the protective material of hydroxyl is 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the 3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane, above-mentioned hydroxyl protection is selected from the anhydrous aprotic solvent of organizing down at one or more and carries out: methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,2-ethylene dichloride, 1, the 1-ethylene dichloride, 1,1, the 1-trichloroethane, 1,1, the 2-trichloroethane, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl-phenoxide, two sweet ethers, ether, n-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), Nitromethane 99Min., nitroethane, nitropropane, in above-mentioned hydroxyl protection, diethylamine, triethylamine, Diisopropylamine, isobutylamine, Tri N-Propyl Amine, n-Butyl Amine 99, N, N-dimethyl allene urea, 2, the 6-dichlorobenzonitrile, hexamethylphosphoramide or pyridine are acid binding agent, methyl-2,3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides and 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the mol ratio of 3-tetra isopropyl-sily oxide is 1: 1.1～2, temperature of reaction-10 ℃～25 ℃, reaction times 2～7h;
The 3rd step preparation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
Oxidation methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-β-D-nucleosides gets methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, oxygenant is selected from CrO
3, Na
2CrO
7, pyridinium chloro-chromate, pyridine pyridinium dichromate, KMnO
4, MnO
2, methyl-sulphoxide/1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, methyl-sulphoxide/SOCl
2Or Dai Si-Martin's reagent, being reflected under-5 ℃～35 ℃ and carrying out, reaction solvent is selected anhydrous methylene chloride or trichloromethane for use;
The 4th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride to methyl-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetra isopropyl disiloxane-1,3-two bases)-and 2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides desiliconization protection, obtain methyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, benzyl protection gets methyl-3 again, 5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides, the reagent of desiliconization protection is tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and benzyl protection is selected in the protection again of hydroxyl, and used alkali is inorganic organic bases commonly used;
The 5th step preparation methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides
Fluorinated methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2-oxo-beta-D-nucleosides gets methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides, fluorizating agent is selected diethylin sulfur trifluoride, 1 for use, 3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrochysene-2-pyridone-HF or diethylin sulfur trifluoride-1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5, the mixture of 6-tetrahydrochysene-2-pyridone-HF, fluoridation is carried out in anhydrous methylene chloride or anhydrous trichloromethane;
The 6th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester
Hydrolyzing methyl-3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-nucleosides, esterification subsequently gets 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester, the used acid of hydrolysis is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, the organic acid of tosic acid or C1-C5, the alcohol that hydrolysis obtains directly drops into the next step, generate ester, esterifying agent is diacetyl oxide or Acetyl Chloride 98Min., and alkali is triethylamine, diethylamine, pyridine, imidazoles or 4-dimethyl amine yl pyridines;
The 7th step preparation 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine
With silication cytosine(Cyt) and 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-ribose acetic ester is that Lewis acid carries out the silication linked reaction with the tin tetrachloride in anhydrous methylene chloride, gets 3,5-O-dibenzyl-2,2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine;
The 8th go on foot product, 2 '-deoxidation-2 ', 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines
In the polar solvent that is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF); with 3; 5-O-dibenzyl-2, benzyl protection is removed in 2-two fluoro-β-D-cytidine hydrogenation, gets product; 2 '-deoxidation-2 '; 2 '-two fluoro-cytidines, catalyst P d (5%)/C, hydrogen pressure 1～5atm; 0 ℃～25 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 2～7h.
5. 2 '-deoxidation-2 ' according to claim 4,2 '-two fluoro-cytidine synthetic methods is characterized in that, in the 2nd step, above-mentioned hydroxyl protection carries out in the anhydrous aprotic solvent of anhydrous methylene chloride or trichloromethane, in above-mentioned hydroxyl protection, pyridine is an acid binding agent, methyl-2,3-oxygen-isopropylidene-β-D-nucleosides and 1,3-two chloro-1,1,3, the mol ratio of 3-tetra isopropyl-sily oxide is 1: 1.1～1.2, temperature of reaction-5 ℃～0 ℃, reaction times 3h; In the 3rd step, oxygenant selects Dai Si-Martin's reagent, and reaction is at room temperature carried out; In the 4th step, the reagent of desiliconization protection is tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and benzyl protection is selected in the protection again of hydroxyl, and used alkali is sodium hydride; In the 6th step, the used acid of hydrolysis is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and esterifying agent is an acetic anhydride; In the 8th step, polar solvent is a methyl alcohol, hydrogen pressure 1atm, 25 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 3h.
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