CN100380088C - 使用液化气体推进剂的射弹击发装置 - Google Patents

使用液化气体推进剂的射弹击发装置 Download PDF

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CN100380088C
CN100380088C CNB028218892A CN02821889A CN100380088C CN 100380088 C CN100380088 C CN 100380088C CN B028218892 A CNB028218892 A CN B028218892A CN 02821889 A CN02821889 A CN 02821889A CN 100380088 C CN100380088 C CN 100380088C
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projectile
propellant
percussion lock
lock according
rifle
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CN1582382A (zh
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R·C·韦布
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Poly Systems Pty Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B11/00—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns
    • F41B11/50—Magazines for compressed-gas guns; Arrangements for feeding or loading projectiles from magazines
    • F41B11/57—Electronic or electric systems for feeding or loading
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B11/00—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns
    • F41B11/70—Details not provided for in F41B11/50 or F41B11/60
    • F41B11/71—Electric or electronic control systems, e.g. for safety purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B11/00—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns
    • F41B11/60—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns characterised by the supply of compressed gas
    • F41B11/62—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns characterised by the supply of compressed gas with pressure supplied by a gas cartridge

Abstract

步枪(1)包括枪管(2)和用于将一射弹从弹匣(7)装入后膛(4)的装弹装置。所述射弹由最初以液态形式存储在容器(10)中的压缩气体推进剂推进。所述液体在腔(8)中被加热件(12)加热到超临界状态，以引起相变使得所述液体变成高浓度气体。从液态变成气态的所述相变向步枪(1)提供高速发射所述射弹需的能量，而与外界温度无关。所述推进剂的优选被加热到31.6℃的CO2。步枪(1)使噪音降到最小并且不产生热信号，从而适合于军事和秘密行动的目的。还公开一种手枪以及用于枪榴弹或迫击炮弹的发射器。另一实施例可用于发射低轨道卫星或有效负载。

Description

使用液化气体推进剂的射弹击发装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种射弹击发装置，尤其是涉及一种使用最初以液相存储而后经相变成为“高浓度”气体以实现射弹推进的推进剂的装置。在多种实施例中，该射弹击发装置涉及一种武器例如炮、步枪、手枪、枪榴弹或者迫击炮发射器。在另一实施例中，该射弹击发装置可用作一种低轨道卫星发射装置。
背景技术
传统武器如枪和炮使用有烟火药或无烟火药作为爆炸材料来推进弹药。这种爆炸材料使气体剧烈膨胀，并释放出较大量的热能以实现弹药推进。但这种传统武器具有很多不足之处。首先，将该爆炸材料转换成所述弹药的射弹速度的能量转换的效率十分低下。在很多情况中，所述爆炸材料释放的能量仅有20％至40％转换成射弹速度。
与传统枪和炮相关的其它许多缺点是其发出的用或不用传统探测设备就能很容易探测出的大量热能(热)和噪音。而且，由于其释放出的大量热能，传统炮或步枪的枪管和后膛必须能经受住高温，并因而由钢制成。
已知有使用压缩气体如二氧化碳(CO2)实现射弹推进的枪或炮。该方案使用存储在一可拆卸地装配在所述枪上的容器中的气态二氧化碳。已知的采用该方案的枪是梭标枪和彩弹枪。然而，该方案不适于用作军事目的的高速武器。
过去曾试图加热气动射弹击发装置的气体推进剂。美国专利No.5462042(Greenwall)记载了一种用CO2气体作为动力的彩弹枪，其中二氧化碳最初被存储在一常规CO2容器中。冷却的CO2的初始膨胀发生在一呈一通路形式的膨胀腔中，该通路穿过把柄16并可用使用者手上的热量加热。这种方案将在该枪击发之前加速加热CO2。
德国专利申请DE3733240(Setyr-Daimler-Punch AG)记载了一种使用液化气体推进剂的枪。该枪具有一在气体通过一管进入一推进剂腔时用于加热该气体的加热器。该气体在通往所述推进剂腔的途中被加热，以便通过补偿影响该液-气推进剂的温度变化提高该枪的精确度。
上述现有技术中的枪采用在所述推进剂气体到达所述推进剂腔之前对该推进剂进行加热的加热方案，以试图克服在较冷的外界温度下可能发生的击发问题。但是，这些加热方案不能保证一枪在宽范围的较冷的外界温度下可靠地重复击发。
本发明试图提供一种克服与上述的传统武器和公知的气动射弹击发装置有关的缺点的射弹击发装置。本发明还试图提供一种用于其它射弹击发应用例如发射低轨道卫星和有效负载的方法。
发明内容
根据本发明第一方面，提供一种射弹击发装置，它包括：
一通过其击发一射弹的长发射管；
用于将所述射弹装入所述发射管的装弹装置；
所述射弹适于由一种压缩气体推进剂来推进，
其特征在于，所述压缩气体推进剂最初以液态形式存储并适于通过一引起其相变使得所述推进剂变成超临界流体的加热装置加热。
在一个实施例中，所述装置优选包括至少一个用于容纳所述压缩气体推进剂的腔，所述腔经由一适于释放所述压缩气体推进剂以击发容纳在所述发射管中的所述射弹的阀件与所述发射管流体连通；一远离所述腔定位的容器以用于存储最初呈液态的所述推进剂；以及一用于将最初呈液态的所述推进剂从所述容器引入所述腔的装置。
所述装置优选是一种武器例如一种步枪、一种炮或一种手枪。所述武器的所述发射管由复合材料例如凯夫拉尔(Kevlar)/铝层压制品和金属例如钢制成，并且所述发射管具有一涂敷有特氟隆(Tefion)的发射膛。其中所述装置优选是一种步枪，它具有一枪体、一枪托和一由塑料例如填充有玻璃的尼龙制成的握把。
或者，所述装置是一种卫星发射装置，并且所设射弹是一低轨道卫星。所述卫星发射装置优选包括多个模块单元和多个腔。所述每个腔优选与至少一个模块单元相关联。
一种如上述任意一种实施例所描述的射弹击发装置还包括一控制呈液态的所述推进剂从所述容器进入所述腔并控制用来加热所述推进剂的所述加热装置的电子控制单元。优选的是，当所述射弹击发装置是一种武器或者一种卫星发射装置时，它还包括用于使所述射弹瞄准目标的瞄准装置，并且所述电子控制单元与所述瞄准装置可操作地连接，以控制所述推进剂进入所述腔并响应目标参数例如所述装置的距离和高度的变化控制用来加热所述推进剂的所述加热装置。
在所述射弹击发装置的另一实施例中，所述射弹存放在一弹筒内，所述弹筒包括一最初呈液态的推进剂的容器和一与该容器相邻的热引信/引爆器，所述加热装置适于加热所述热引信，其中所述热引信进而加热所述推进剂。所述装置优选是一种武器例如一种枪榴弹发射器。
在所述装置的又一实施例中，所述射弹存放在一弹筒内，所述弹筒包括一最初呈液态的推进剂的容器，并且适于加热所述推进剂的所述加热装置的至少一部分与所述弹筒成一体设置。所述弹筒优选利用所述推进剂的一部分爆发能，以便在所述射弹离开所述装置之后一段时间内持续加速所述射弹。所述装置优选是一种武器，例如一种迫击炮发射器。
一种如上述任意一种实施例所描述的射弹击发装置还包括一控制呈液态的所述推进剂从所述容器进入所述腔并控制用于加热所述推进剂的所述加热装置的电子控制单元。
根据本发明第二方面，提供一种射弹击发装置，它包括：
一通过其击发一射弹的长发射管；
用于将所述射弹装入所述发射管的装弹装置；
至少一个用于容纳一种压缩气体推进剂的腔，所述腔经由一适于释放所述压缩气体推进剂以击发一容纳在所述发射管中的射弹的阀件与所述发射管流体连通；
其特征在于，所述压缩气体推进剂最初以液态形式存储在一远离所述腔的容器中，呈液态形式的所述推进剂适于被引进所述腔并在该腔中由一加热装置加热，其中所述加热装置使所述推进剂从液态相变成超临界流体。
在上述任意一种实施例中，所述推进剂优选是二氧化碳。
附图说明
现在参照附图描述本发明，其中：
图1是根据本发明第一实施例的步枪的正视简图；
图2是图1所示步枪的平面图；
图3是图1所示步枪的端视图；
图4是图1所示步枪的弹匣和CO2容器的平面简图；
图5至图8是详细示出图1所示步枪的装弹和击发射弹的各个状态的局部放大正视简图；
图9是根据本发明第二方面的手枪的正视简图；
图10是图9所示手枪的端视图；
图11是根据本发明第三实施例的炮的正视简图；
图12是根据本发明第四实施例的枪榴弹发射器的正视简图；
图13是图12所示枪榴弹发射器的平面图；
图14是图12所示枪榴弹发射器的端视图；
图15是图12所示枪榴弹发射器所用的弹筒的放大简图；
图16是根据本发明第五实施例的能够通过支架和手持使用的迫击炮发射器的正视简图；
图17是图16所示迫击炮发射器处于用于由步兵用肩膀使用的折叠定向时的正视简图；
图18是图16所示迫击炮发射器的前视简图；
图19是图18所示迫击炮发射器的前视简图；
图20是图18所示迫击炮发射器体部的剖视图；
图21是图18所示迫击炮发射器的底部的平面图；
图22是图18所示迫击炮发射器所用的迫击炮射弹的放大剖视图；
图23是图22所示迫击炮射弹的后端视图；
图24是根据本发明第六实施例的卫星发射装置的正视简图；
图25是图24所示卫星发射装置的模块的放大正视简图；
图26是图25所示模块的爆裂盘(burst disc)部件的放大平面图；和
图27是图24所示卫星发射装置所用的卫星和运载件的放大剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1至4描述根据本发明射弹击发装置第一实施例的步枪1及其弹药。与传统步枪相似，步枪1具有一膛线枪管2、一枪托3、一后膛4、一握把5、一扳机机构6和一可拆卸式弹匣7。
步枪1还具有一经由一气体锁闭阀9与枪管2流体连通的高压腔8。一盛放有液态二氧化碳(CO2)的容器10一体地容纳在弹匣7中。
步枪1以下述方式击发装填到后膛4中的弹药射弹11。盛放在容器10中的液态CO2是用于击发射弹11的推进剂。将液态CO2从容器10引入腔8中。出于清楚的目的，图中省略容器10和腔8之间的流体连通装置。腔8中的液态CO2由一加热件12加热，其中加热件12由置于握把5内的电池组能量(电力)供应装置14驱动。
当将CO2加热到31.6℃时，该CO2就处于一种此时CO2为高压下的“高浓度”气体的“超临界状态”。在该实施例中，CO2从液态相变成气态时的临界状态不管外界温度均能提供从步枪1高速发射射弹11所需的爆发能。击发射弹11的该爆炸过程能够使噪音最小并且没有热信号从步枪1发出，从而使得步枪1在用于军事和秘密行动的目的时具有优势。
下表描述液态/气态CO2的温度/压力关系。
温度(℃)           压力(bar巴)
21                 54
31                 74        临界点
100                250
500                1250
1000               2500
可通过下述说明来理解作为优选推进剂的CO2的适用性。
●在25℃时1克液态CO2将释放500cc气体
●在25℃时1克CO2＝0.759cc
●在25℃时1cc液态CO2将释放660cc气体
以下参照附图5至8说明使用步枪1的操作。气动装弹机构15用来将放在弹匣7中的射弹11装填到后膛4中。当后膛4降低到如图6所示的装弹位置时，目标系统瞄准组件16和激光瞄准发射器13被启动，并反映给枪管2。
一种电子模块或电子控制单元(ECU)17可操作地连接在瞄准模块16和全球定位系统(GPS)上，并可操作地连接在在CO2供给装置和腔8上。ECU17调整并监测目标、CO2供给装置和压力，以使CO2的量与所述目标的距离所要求的CO2需求量相匹配。此外，ECU17可操作地连接在步枪1内的其它部件上，并可控制和监测电力供应装置、射弹及一体地设置在所述步枪中的可能的通讯系统。
当步枪1的使用者通过瞄准组件16和GPS获取目标时，步枪1的使用者能通过瞄准组件16内的一露出(head up)的显示器看到目标信息。可同时对用于获取目标的激光定位和棱镜角进行调节，且可优选地通过用于对公知电子图像或静物摄像进行调焦和三角测量的处理装置电子地处理目标信息。
当瞄准系统工作时，使一定量例如5cc的液态CO2进入腔8。一小电流流过加热件12。对该液态CO2的加热使得其压力瞬间增大。
当扣动扳机机构6时，后膛4返回到如图7所示的击发位置。气体锁闭阀9触发处于临界状态(在该状态时CO2为高浓度气体)的气体CO2，从而射弹11被高速送出，如图8所示。
优选的是，当射弹11被推动沿枪管2的枪膛前进时，该射弹的后部适于扩张(flare)，以促进良好的气密封。所述燃烧作用促使该射弹从枪管2的膛线开始旋转运动。优选的是，枪管2和射弹11都涂敷有特氟隆，以使枪膛磨损降到最小。还可设置推进带来帮助射弹11自旋。
当射弹11离开步枪1时，剩余压力用于将后膛量新定位于再装弹位置。再次触发所述装弹机构，然后步枪1将返回到目标获取模式。
优选的是，当扳机机构6被置于击发位置时，步枪1能够在一单发射击模式或者一自动模式下使用。
可以理解，由于步枪1中的CO2推进剂的爆炸释放能量较有效，因此，步枪1的各个部件可由与传统步枪的制造材料更轻的材料制造，并因而步枪1的各个部件的材料和耐热性不必与传统高速步枪所需的相同。例如，腔8可优选由钛、不锈钢或铝制造，以减少体积并耐极压，同时，包括枪托3和握把5的枪体的主要部分优选由填充有注射模制玻璃的尼龙制造。枪管2优选由铝/凯夫拉尔层压材料制成，同时所述枪管2的枪膛涂敷有特氟隆和/或铬钢。
如图1所示，除了CO2容器10和电池组能量供应装置14外，步枪1还配备有容纳在在枪托3中的辅助CO2充填设备10a和一备用电池组能量供应装置14a。
后膛4优选是一具有机械超控功能的电磁/气动装置。具有一涂敷有特氟隆的枪膛的后膛4可由铝/凯夫拉尔层压材料制成。
从步枪1击发的射弹11优选用钨制的弹头和中心芯制造。弹体的尾部和外部由凯夫拉尔制成，并涂敷有特氟隆或渗碳的特氟隆。所述射弹的尾部设计成在高压下能扩张(flare)和膨胀，以确保良好的气密封，这也促进所述射弹从枪管2的枪膛的内部膛线开始旋转运动。
可以理解，如上述公开的步枪1也可设置有用于一刺刀、一枪榴弹发射器以及一背带的常规装配点。
图9和10描述根据本发明射弹击发装置的第二实施例的手枪21。类似于步枪1的手枪21击发装填到后膛4中的射弹11。特别是，手枪21还包含随同盛放射弹11的弹匣7一起装填到握把25中的液态CO2容器10。容纳在容器10中的液态CO2被以与步枪1类似的方式引入腔8，并受到一加热件12加热，其中该加热件12由一容纳在手枪21枪体内的电池组能量供应装置14驱动。在所述液态CO2从液态变成“高浓度”气态时，射弹11被以与步枪1类似的方式发送。
图11描述根据本发明射弹击发装置的第三实施例的炮兵用炮/海军用炮31。与第一实施例的步枪1相同，炮31利用被引入腔8、然后被加热以相变成“高浓度”气体的液态CO2。除了主腔8外，炮31还设置有也充填有液态CO2的副腔8a和8b。当由来自主腔8的CO2的爆炸冲击而发送的射弹经过分别与副腔8a和8b相关联的传感器17A和18A时，那些腔中的气体也被释放出来帮助发送该射弹。炮31优选具有一约两米长的炮管。主腔8击发的射弹11随后经副腔8a和8b的帮助可得到比用单个腔8得到的速度更高的速度。同第一实施例的步枪1一样，炮31预计使用凯夫拉尔/铝的复合材料，因而对于给定的重量，炮31的强度是钢强度的5倍之多。
图12至15描述根据本发明射弹击发装置的第四实施例的安装到第一实施例的步枪1上的枪榴弹发射器和射弹。在该实施例中，枪榴弹发射器41用于发射枪榴弹11a，每个枪榴弹11a均包括一前舱42、一后舱43和一位于它们之间的中间舱44。前舱42包括一引信45和烈性炸药46，中间舱44容纳有液态CO2，而后舱43包括一镁化合物热引信。前舱42适于很容易与中间舱44分离。
在该实施例中，枪榴弹发射器41使用一与步枪1的电池组能量供应装置14或14a可操作地连接的加热件(未示出)，而该加热件由扳机机构6激发。所述加热件用来加热处于装弹位置的枪榴弹11a的后舱(镁化合物热引信)43。所述镁化合物热引信产生的热量足以确保使所述液态CO2相变成“高浓度”气体，从而提供破坏中间舱44的并使前舱42与其分离的爆发能，并从而使作为一射弹的含有引信45和烈性炸药46的前舱42从枪榴弹发射器41经其枪管2a射出。枪榴弹11a由一转盘式弹匣47承载。
图16至23描述根据本发明射弹击发装置的第五实施例的迫击炮发射器51和迫击炮弹11c。迫击炮发射器51典型地是由铝/凯夫拉尔复合材料构成，并包括一高能输出电池组14b、一电子倾角计、一用于精确定位目标的GPS和罗盘显示器16b以及一可调节的轻量支架52。通过使用所述铝/凯夫拉尔复合材料可将重量减轻高达70％，以向步兵提供一套较机动的迫击炮支承装置。发射器51的管状体部具有一“夹在”一内部凯夫拉尔部分64和一外部凯夫拉尔部分62之间的铝质蜂窝状中心部分63。
迫击炮弹11c为包括一前部53和一后部54的烈性炸药预榴霰弹。前部53可用包含由预破碎钢粒56(可用镁复合物代替以制成一纵火装置)包围的烈性炸药55和一引信57的钢制成。可用预先设定的定时器调节引信57以在飞行中或在撞击下引爆/纵火。
也可由钢制成的后部54盛放有液态CO2。具有软金属失效膜片(softmetal failure diaphragm)58和四个带镶铜电极的稳定翼片59的该后部还盛放有氧化镁复合物。环绕前部和后部53和54的是两尼龙环带，前部和后部53和54均涂敷有特氟隆或渗碳的特氟隆。
迫击炮发射器51通常可通过使用支架52的可调节支腿支起和校准。使用者通过参照安装在炮管上的电子倾角计、GPS和罗盘显示器16b用前支架52a来调整倾斜角和定位。手提电脑或手持型电脑可被用来与GPS和地形绘制程序配合使用以计算并进行精确定位，并且该手提电脑或手持型电脑对“地形削弱/利用地形”隐匿的目标有利。
将炮弹11c装入发射器51的炮管2c的顶部并落到其底部。配备有镶铜电极60的炮弹11c的稳定翼片59撞击位于发射器51底部的电极片61，从而使得作为所述电极段的电路可操作地连接到电池组14b上。这就引燃所述氧化镁复合物(镁在650℃时燃烧)，从而使液态CO2过热使得超临界物质(高浓度气体)处于高压下。在该预定压力如约1350巴下，软金属膜片58失效。为了不致于污染发射器51的底部，膜片58具有与其相连的钢丝，因而该膜片不会离开该炮弹。
压力的急剧升高致使该尼龙环带燃烧以产生良好的气密封并防止金属与炮膛接触。炮弹11c被射出。当炮弹11c离开发射器51的炮膛时，约使用了50％的超临界CO2。现在剩余的超临界CO2起到推进剂的作用，进而加速所述炮弹。
发射器51的预计炮弹周期时间为4秒。
约有20枚炮弹11c的弹药箱还盛放有一备用高输出电池组14b。一个充分充电的电池组14b优选能足够发射100枚炮弹。
本发明的射弹击发装置也可用于将低费用的商业和军事卫星或有效负载发射到低轨道(LEO)中。以前的现有技术已经生产出一种将卫星送进LEO的发射系统。一种系统已将一探测器发射到180km的高空，而另一系统则不具有比此更好的结果。
当一卫星靠近地球循环时，这被称之为低轨道(LEO)。LEO中的卫星距地面有320至800km(200至500英里)高，并以24360kph(17000mph)的速度绕地球循环，大约90分钟循环一次。
为了发射一LEO卫星，所述射弹在离开所述炮管或发射管时需要达到每秒7920米(每秒5英里)的速度。通过在一依次迅速的链反应中利用多个独立的用于液态CO2变成气态CO2的腔来加速所述射弹，本发明的所述射弹击发装置可使该射弹达到所述速度。
图24至27描述根据本发明射弹击发装置第六实施例的用于将一LEO射弹79发射到一低轨道中的卫星发射装置。发射器70包括多个模块单元71，典型地是具有八个或更多个这种模块单元。在该优选实施例中，该八个模块单元中的每一个的长度均约为八米。每个单元71均包括一CO2容器72、一加热件73、一激发爆裂盘74的炸药、一光滑枪膛75、一电子射弹位置传感器76以及一电子控制单元(ECU)77。
每个高压CO2容器72均包含一定量的液态CO2。配备一加热件73以将所述液态CO2加热到压力超过4000巴。安装相关的爆裂盘74以密封所述压力容器使其与枪膛75隔开。爆裂盘74被机加工成其中具有一断层(fault)；该断层充满成形的烈性炸药，以便能够极快地释放所述气化的、过热的高浓度CO2。
每个模块单元71的炮膛75均是光滑的以减小摩擦。电子传感器76设置在发射器炮膛75内以探测和监测发射器70内的射弹79。ECU77用于监测和控制射弹79的发射。
在该实施例中使用的长约4米、直径约1米的LEO射弹79被置于发射器70一端处的后膛80内，然后密封后膛80。射弹79由一具有多个低摩擦带83的运载件82运载。随后使所有压力容器72都充满液态CO2同时使爆裂盘74就位。加热所述液态CO2直到获得使液态CO2相变成“高浓度”气体时所需的压力。接着释放距离后膛80最近的压力容器72，该压力容器将射弹79高速沿所述炮膛推动。在第二个相邻的模块单元71中，传感器76感应到射弹79，接着激活第二阶段使其在下一阶段中释放CO2。由于射弹79穿过炮膛75时非常迅速，因此需要一快速反应机构以释放高压CO2。需要一C形炸药81以使爆裂盘74裂开，从而高速释放大量CO2气体。所述过程能够使射弹79从发射器70极快地推进。
可以理解，虽然CO2由于其特性和商业实用性而被选作优选推进剂，但在可选的实施例中还可使用其它液体/气体推进剂。
文中所用的术语“包括”兼有“包括”或“具有”的含义，并且不排除“仅包括”的含义。

Claims (24)

1.一种射弹击发装置，它包括：
一通过其击发一射弹的长发射管；
用于将所述射弹装入所述发射管的装弹装置；
所述射弹适于由一种压缩气体推进剂来推进，
其特征在于，所述压缩气体推进剂最初以液态形式存储并适于通过一引起其相变使得所述推进剂变成超临界流体的加热装置加热。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括至少一个用于容纳所述压缩气体推进剂的腔，所述腔经由一适于释放所述压缩气体推进剂以击发容纳在所述发射管中的所述射弹的阀件与所述发射管流体连通；一远离所述腔定位的容器以用于存储最初呈液态的所述推进剂；以及一用于将最初呈液态的所述推进剂从所述容器引入所述腔的装置。
3.一种根据权利要求1或2所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置是一种武器。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述射弹容纳在一弹筒内，所述弹筒包括一最初呈液态的推进剂的容器和一与该容器相邻的热引信，所述加热装置适于加热所述热引信，其中所述热引信进而加热所述推进剂。
5.一种根据权利要求4所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置是一种武器。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述射弹容纳在一弹筒内，所述弹筒包括一最初呈液态的推进剂的容器，并且适于加热所述推进剂的所述加热装置与所述弹筒成一体设置。
7.一种根据权利要求6所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述弹筒利用所述推进剂的一部分爆发能，以便在所述射弹离开所述装置之后一段时间内持续加速所述射弹。
8.一种根据权利要求7所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置是一种武器。
9.一种根据权利要求1或2所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置是一种卫星发射装置，并且所述射弹是一低轨道卫星。
10.一种根据权利要求9所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括多个模块单元和多个腔。
11.一种根据权利要求10所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述每个腔均与一相应的模块单元相关联。
12.一种根据权利要求3所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置的所述发射管由复合材料制成。
13.一种根据权利要求12所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述复合材料是凯夫拉尔/铝层压制品。
14.一种根据权利要求12所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述发射管具有一涂敷有特氟隆的发射膛。
15.一种根据权利要求3所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置是一种步枪，并且它具有一枪体、一枪托和一由塑料制成的握把。
16.一种根据权利要求3所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置是一种步枪，并且它具有一枪体、一枪托和一由填充有玻璃的尼龙制成的握把。
17.一种根据权利要求1所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括一控制呈液态的所述推进剂从所述容器进入所述腔并控制用来加热所述推进剂的所述加热装置的电子控制单元。
18.一种根据权利要求17所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括用于使所述射弹瞄准目标的瞄准装置，并且所述电子控制单元与所述瞄准装置可操作地连接，以控制所述推进剂进入所述腔并响应目标参数的变化控制用来加热所述推进剂的所述加热装置。
19.一种根据权利要求1至2、4至8、10至18中任一项所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述推进剂是二氧化碳。
20.一种根据权利要求3所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述武器是枪或炮。
21.一种根据权利要求5所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述武器是枪榴弹发射器。
22.一种根据权利要求8所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述武器是迫击炮发射器。
23.一种根据权利要求18所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述目标参数是所述装置的距离。
24.一种根据权利要求18所述的射弹击发装置，其特征在于，所述目标参数是所述装置的高度。
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US7337774B2 (en) 2008-03-04
BR0213854A (pt) 2004-08-31
CN1582382A (zh) 2005-02-16
IL161656A0 (en) 2004-09-27
US20050011507A1 (en) 2005-01-20
JP2005512004A (ja) 2005-04-28
EP1446626A1 (en) 2004-08-18
CA2465696C (en) 2008-08-12
ZA200404247B (en) 2005-05-31
AUPR865901A0 (en) 2002-01-24
CA2465696A1 (en) 2003-05-08
KR20050042213A (ko) 2005-05-06
ZA200404246B (en) 2005-05-31
WO2003038367A1 (en) 2003-05-08

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