CN100366143C - Ultra-thin layer substrate soilless cultivation device - Google Patents

Abstract

An ultra-thin layer matrix soilless cultivation device in the field of agricultural planting technology, the invention includes: a tank body, a planting limit base, a liquid separation diversion groove, an overflow hole, a hanging rope fixing hole and a handling handle, the tank body The bottom is staggered to set four planting limit bases at a distance of 40cm, and the liquid separation and diversion grooves are set around the planting limit bases at the same level. The overflow holes are set on the longitudinal sides of the tank body, and the hanging rope fixing holes are set on the tank body On both lateral sides, the handling handles are arranged on the longitudinal sides of the tank body. The present invention has less substrate consumption, simple fertilizer and water management, and does not need the assistance of nutrient blocks. The present invention can reduce the thickness of the substrate to 6-7 cm, and reduce the substrate consumption per plant of melons, solanaceous vegetables, etc. to 4-4.2 liters. After harvesting, the substrate can be rolled away or removed like a carpet for easy disposal and reuse.

Description

Ultra-thin layer substrate soilless cultivation device

technical field

The invention relates to a device in the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an ultra-thin layer matrix soilless cultivation device.

Background technique

Soilless cultivation is a new agricultural technology assembled by modern industry, agriculture, and information industry. The effect of continuous cropping obstacles caused by other aspects is outstanding, and soilless cultivation can be widely used in deserts, deserted islands, saline-alkali lands, etc. that are not suitable for traditional soil cultivation. It is an important technology to realize industrialization, modernization and high efficiency of agricultural production. In developed countries in Europe, such as the Netherlands, the area of soilless cultivation in vegetable production has accounted for more than 90%. There are many forms of soilless cultivation, such as nutrient liquid film technology (NFT), deep liquid flow cultivation technology (DFT), floating plate capillary technology (FCH) in hydroponics, etc., which are all applied in production; It is a very important kind of soil cultivation technology, and it also occupies a large share in production. More than 95% of Dutch vegetable cultivation is substrate soilless cultivation. At present, brick-built simple cultivation tanks, ordinary cultivation tanks, open substrate bags, pillow substrate bags, substrate cultivation pots, liquid and gas storage type soilless cultivation devices, and organic ecological soilless cultivation systems are all used in production, but There are problems such as the thickness of the substrate is relatively large (10-25 cm), and the amount of substrate per plant is large (6.5-25 liters/plant).

Found through the retrieval of prior art literature, Xu Peipei mentions in " thin layer substrate cultivation technique and its simplified utilization " (Yangtze River Vegetables, 1998,12:28-31) article: Germany Bavaria State Weihenstephan Institute of Horticulture once developed a A thin-layer substrate cultivation system consists of a cultivation bed, a drip irrigation system, a tensiometer and KLIWADO software. The advantage is that the amount of substrate is reduced. In addition, the system can manage substrate moisture according to weather conditions, and the system can realize precise irrigation. The cultivation bed is composed of a long wooden frame and PE film. The disadvantages are that it is heavy, requires more materials, and is inconvenient to move. The film needs to be replaced after the stubble is changed, and the long groove is not conducive to the prevention and control of root-borne diseases; the substrate thickness of this system is average. Below 8cm, but there are deficiencies such as the need for nutrient blocks to assist in fixing the root system and increasing the relative substrate thickness.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to aim at the deficiencies in the prior art above, to provide a kind of ultra-thin layer substrate soilless cultivation device, so that the substrate consumption is small, the fertilizer and water management is simple, and no nutrient blocks are needed. The present invention can reduce the thickness of the substrate. The amount of substrate per plant of melons, solanaceous vegetables, etc. is reduced to 4-4.2 liters. After the upper vines are harvested, the substrate can be rolled away or removed like a carpet, which is convenient for reuse after treatment.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions. The present invention includes: a tank body, a planting limit base, a liquid separation diversion groove, an overflow hole, a hanging rope fixing hole and a handling handle, and the bottom of the tank body is arranged at a distance of 40 cm. Four planting limit bases, the liquid separation and diversion grooves are set at the same level around the planting limit bases, the overflow holes are set on the longitudinal sides of the tank body, and the sling fixing holes are set on the horizontal sides of the tank body. The hands are arranged on the longitudinal sides of the tank body.

Described tank body is designed to be 80 * 40cm according to the common size of vegetables such as eggplants and melons.

The planting limiting base is circular, and 50% of its top is open, which is beneficial to the outward growth of the root system.

The overflow hole is an inverted triangle, and the height of the overflow hole can be determined according to the water demand of the crops. When the netted melon, sweet pepper, and eggplant are used, the lower edge of the overflow hole is flush with the upper edge of the liquid separation diversion groove. When tomatoes and cucumbers are used, the overflow hole is raised 1cm upward.

The position of the fixing hole for the sling is corresponding to each plant.

Described sling is triangular hole with fixing hole.

The handling handle is a sunken rectangular hole, which is convenient for the handling of the tank body.

After the nutrient solution is dripped into the liquid diversion channel, especially when a certain nutrient solution is reserved at the bottom of the tank, it can well balance the distribution and supply of the nutrient solution, and increase the distribution and growth area of the root system at the bottom It is more than double, and a solid, liquid, and gas three-phase surface is formed between the tank body and the substrate, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the root system. The tank body is the main body of the whole cultivation system, and the solid substrate is filled in the tank body to provide the root fixation medium and provide all or part of the nutrient elements for the plants. After the plug seedlings are grown, they are taken out from the plug tray and put into the planting limit base together with the root lumps. There is no need to set up auxiliary nutrition blocks, and then start to fill the solid matrix. After the matrix is filled, drip irrigation pipes and drip irrigation are laid on it. Bring or insert drop arrows. Irrigation water or nutrient solution is dripped from the drip irrigation pipe above. After dripping until the water content of the substrate is saturated, the excess nutrient solution is stored in the lower part of the liquid diversion tank, and the excess nutrient solution is discharged from the overflow hole. During cultivation, the lower part of the liquid is generally ensured. Maintaining a certain liquid level in the launder can reduce the number of drip irrigation, and the lower water and nutrient solution can make the water content of the substrate uniform through evaporation and substrate water absorption, so that the plants in the same tank can grow evenly and reduce the difficulty of fertilizer and water management. The root system of the plant grows around the base of the planting limit, grows along the liquid separation diversion groove and grows into the upper substrate layer, and finally densely spreads in the substrate, so that the substrate is combined into a whole; on the bonding surface of the tank and the substrate , due to the appropriate distribution ratio of solid, liquid and gas, the root system is easy to grow densely, and finally forms a dense network of root groups, covering the entire surface of the substrate, so that the substrate finally forms a carpet-like matrix block, which is easy to take out from the tank. After the plant is planted and the vine grows to a certain size, the upper growth frame suspension rope can be put down, the lower part of the rope is inserted into the suspension rope fixing hole, and the plant vine is wound after fixing to guide its upward growth. After the plant cultivation cycle is completed, the vines on the upper part of the substrate are cut off and taken away, and then the trough and the substrate are turned upside down, and the substrate comes out of the trough in the form of a carpet block, and can be reused after crushing, replenishing organic fertilizer, disinfection and other steps in crop cultivation.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is: this system makes the three phases of solid, liquid and gas in the rhizosphere environment of plants be reasonably distributed and distributed, in addition, through technical measures such as liquid separation and diversion grooves, the growth and distribution area of the root system is increased, thereby greatly The thickness of the cultivation substrate is reduced, and a large amount of cultivation substrate is saved; and the rhizosphere environment is excellent, and the crops grow fast and robust. The present invention adopts the technical measures of bottom liquid storage, can reduce the frequency of drip irrigation, save energy consumption, is easy to manage, and reduces the difficulty of soilless cultivation management. The invention is simple in structure and low in cost, and is suitable for all vegetables and flower crops suitable for soilless cultivation. It can plant vegetables and flowers with large plant shapes, and can also plant small plant-shaped crops densely. It can also be used as a seedling raising container. The overflow hole is combined with the floating plate and the planting cup to carry out the hydroponics of the crops. This system can be widely used in greenhouses, greenhouses, homes, and areas and spaces that are not suitable for traditional soil cultivation. Because the system is equipped with a liquid separation diversion groove, the system can be configured to use a variety of irrigation methods, such as inlaid drip irrigation pipes, drip arrows, film drip irrigation tapes, etc., which are conducive to reducing the cost of drip irrigation facilities in greenhouse cultivation and also It is beneficial to reduce the problem of uneven water receiving among plants caused by uneven water output from each drip irrigation port.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal view of the structure of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention includes: a tank body 1, a planting limit base 2, a liquid separation diversion groove 3, an overflow hole 4, a hanging rope fixing hole 5 and a handling handle 6, the tank body 1 Four planting limit bases 2 are set at the bottom at a distance of 40cm, liquid separation and diversion grooves 3 are set around the planting limit bases 2 at the same level, overflow holes 4 are set on the longitudinal sides of the tank body 1, and the hanging ropes are fixed The holes 5 are arranged on both lateral sides of the tank body 1 , and the handling handles 6 are arranged on both longitudinal sides of the tank body 1 .

Described tank body 1 is designed to be 80 * 40cm according to the common size of vegetables such as eggplants and melons.

The planting limiting base 2 is circular, and 50% of its top is open, which is beneficial to the outward growth of the root system.

The overflow hole 4 is an inverted triangle, and the height of the overflow hole can be determined according to the water demand of the crops. When the netted melon, sweet pepper, and eggplant are used, the lower edge of the overflow hole is flush with the upper edge of the liquid separation diversion groove. , When tomatoes and cucumbers are used, the overflow hole is raised by 1cm.

The position of the fixing hole 5 for the sling is corresponding to each plant.

The hanging rope fixing hole 5 is a triangular hole.

The handling handle 6 is a sunken rectangular hole.

The cultivation tanks of this system can be used individually or in combination according to the area and structure of the greenhouse. Generally, they are arranged according to the different row spacing requirements of different crops, and this system is suitable for all vegetable and flower crops suitable for soilless cultivation, and is easy to implement. Large-scale commercial application. The present invention has been cultivated in the experimental farm of the School of Agriculture and Biology of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, such as melons, cucumbers, tomatoes, and Chinese cabbage. Or more than conventional open substrate bag cultivation, conventional groove cultivation and pillow bag cultivation.

Claims (7)

1. soilless culturing device with ultrathin layer substrate, comprise: cell body (1), lifting rope fixing hole (5) and carrying handgrip (6), it is characterized in that, also comprise: the spacing pedestal of field planting (2), separatory guiding gutter (3) and spout hole (4), stagger by the 40cm spacing four spacing pedestals of described field planting (2) be set in described cell body (1) bottom, the spacing pedestal of described field planting (2) is provided with described separatory guiding gutter (3) by same level height on every side, spout hole (4) is located at vertically both sides of described cell body (1), described lifting rope fixing hole (5) is located at described cell body (1) both lateral sides, and described carrying handgrip (6) is located at vertically both sides of described cell body (1).

2. soilless culturing device with ultrathin layer substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cell body (1) is by solanberry class and the melon 80 * 40cm that is designed and sized to.

3. soilless culturing device with ultrathin layer substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the spacing pedestal of described field planting (2) is circular, and its top 50% is open-minded.

4. soilless culturing device with ultrathin layer substrate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described spout hole (4) is a del, determine the spout hole height according to the difference of crop law of needing the water, spout hole (4) lower edge flushes with separatory guiding gutter upper limb when netted melon, pimento, eggplant use, and spout hole (4) upwards improves (1) cm when tomato, cucumber use.

5. soilless culturing device with ultrathin layer substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described lifting rope fixing hole (5), corresponding each plant in its position.

6. soilless culturing device with ultrathin layer substrate according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described lifting rope fixing hole (5) is tri-angle-holed.

7. soilless culturing device with ultrathin layer substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described carrying handgrip (6) is the shape oblong aperture of sinking.

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