CN100362821C - Method for improving heavyload performance of energy-saving mechanism in wireless local area network - Google Patents

Method for improving heavyload performance of energy-saving mechanism in wireless local area network Download PDF

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CN100362821C
CN100362821C CNB2003101153701A CN200310115370A CN100362821C CN 100362821 C CN100362821 C CN 100362821C CN B2003101153701 A CNB2003101153701 A CN B2003101153701A CN 200310115370 A CN200310115370 A CN 200310115370A CN 100362821 C CN100362821 C CN 100362821C
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access
website
access probability
probability
competition
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CN1545269A (en
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邹仕洪
程时端
邬海涛
谢东亮
阙喜戎
卢美莲
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for increasing the heavy load performance of an IEEE 802.11 energy saving mechanism in a wireless local network, which is characterized in that the access probability of each site is regulated in a self-adapting mode by monitoring the busy idle condition of the network, the number of sites which are simultaneously participated in competition and generated collision are ensured not to be excessive under the heavy load, and the performance deterioration of the energy saving mechanism is prevented under the heavy load. Moreover, the sites which are determined not to be participated in the competition enter a sleeping state to save energy consumption. The method comprises the following three steps: (1), the busy idle condition of the network is measured, and the access probability of the site is regulated; (2), whether the site is participated in the competition of a current transmission cycle is determined according to the access probability; (3), the access probability of the other sites is monitored, and the average value of the access probability is calculated, the access probability of the other sites is compared with the access probability of the site, and the site is further regulated to increase access fairness. The method better solves the problem of performance deterioration of the energy saving mechanism under the condition of heavy load, and has the advantages of network thuoughput increase and energy saving.

Description

In WLAN (wireless local area network), improve the method for power-saving mechanism heavy load performance
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that in WLAN (wireless local area network), improves IEEE802.11 power-saving mechanism heavy load performance, belong to the improvement in performance and the enhancement techniques field of wireless network in the radio communication.
Background technology
In recent years, because radio communication can provide convenience for the user, insert means efficiently, wireless communication technology is subjected to people's attention in the industry day by day, and obtains develop rapidly.A kind of important means that WLAN (wireless local area network) inserts as wireless local, military project and civilian aspect all be with a wide range of applications.For this reason, Institute of Electrical and Electronics IEEE formulated the standard IEEE 802.11 of WLAN (wireless local area network) in 1999, so that the network broadband, that support asynchronous or synchronous service to be provided.The basic access way of IEEE802.11 is the distributed reciprocity access way (DCF, Distributed Coordination Function) of asynchronous shared channel.In this DCF access way, the competition access channel is finished by window exponential backoff mechanism between the website: when the website access channel, whether idle, if not idle, then need to keep out of the way a period of time and watch if need watch channel earlier; After back off time finishes, if channel idle then sends data afterwards at DCF frame pitch DIFS (DCFInterFrame Space).Each website is all with an initial contention window value access channel, in case meet with collision, this window value exponential backoff is to alleviate collision.This mechanism has certain adaptive characteristic; But under more, the competitive heavy duty situation of website number, systematic function is low.
Because the mobile site in the WLAN (wireless local area network) is battery-powered usually, and the finite energy that battery provides, and battery technology did not have big breakthrough in nearly 30 years.For prolonging the service time of the each charging of mobile site, also defined power-saving mechanism PSM (power saving mechanism) among the IEEE 802.11.This power-saving mechanism is that realization is energy-conservation on the basis of DCF.
The operation principle of this power-saving mechanism is described below with reference to Fig. 1.In this power-saving mechanism, the time is divided into a series of transmission cycle (beacon interval).Each cycle is divided into ATIM (Ad-Hoc TrafficIndication Message) window and data transmission window again.All websites each transmission cycle begin wake up, and in the whole ATIM window time, keep clear-headed.When website A had grouped data will issue another website B, it must send the ATIM frame to purpose website B in the ATIM window, informed that purpose website B finishes the back at the ATIM window and keeps clear-headed, to receive this grouping.The transmission of ATIM frame also is based on the competition mechanism of DCF.Website A sends after the ATIM frame, must keep clear-headed in the remaining time at this transmission cycle.After website B receives the ATIM frame, must respond one immediately and confirm ACK, and in the remaining time, keep clear-headed.Sent the ATIM frame and received the website A that confirms ACK, after the ATIM window finishes, will send grouping based on normal DCF competition mechanism.Sent the ATIM frame if send website A at this ATIM window, but do not received ACK, it should continue to continue to attempt sending the ATIM frame in next ATIM window, till the number of times that surpasses regulation.If a website (as the website C among Fig. 1) does not send the ATIM frame, do not receive any ATIM frame yet, it just can finish the back sleep at the ATIM window, until the beginning of next transmission cycle.
If two or more websites all are chosen in same time slot and send packet, then the packet meeting overlaps, and causes these two or more packets all can not be received rectifying normal reception the, this situation to be called between the website and bumps.The collision that an important indicator of a good protocol of wireless local area network causes when being exactly the multi-site competition is less.When the wireless network interface card of website listens to energy signal greater than threshold level, in the time of but can not correctly decoding, think collision has taken place it; When the wireless network interface card of website listens to wireless signal and can be correctly decoded (comprising that the destination is not the packet of this machine), think that then grouping sends successfully.
In order to reflect the busy not busy situation of network well, the present invention has defined a parameter: the successful transmission number in the collision number/network that takes place in the impact factor R=network.For the throughput that makes network realizes maximization, impact factor R can not be too small, can not be excessive, an optimal value should be arranged; By theory analysis, this optimal value R OptBe 0.2, and the size of itself and grouping is irrelevant.The exponential backoff mechanism of DCF has certain adaptive characteristic; But under more, the competitive heavy duty situation of website number, the collision that DCF produces is too much, can cause systematic function low.The DCF agreement is carried out theory analysis and calculating, can draw in the WLAN (wireless local area network) that adopts DCF impact factor R with the situation of change of website number in the network as shown in Figure 2.Referring to Fig. 2, be 10 o'clock at the website number, impact factor is at optimal value R Opt(0.2) near, along with the increase (being the increase of offered load) of website number, the impact factor in the network sharply increases.Fig. 3 is the situation of change of network throughput with the website number, under the heavy duty situation, is illustrated as the website number and surpasses after 50, because too much collision causes network throughput to descend rapidly.
Since in the power-saving mechanism for some time (being the ATIM window) can not send data, the problem of DCF performance degradation under the heavy duty situation shows even more serious in power-saving mechanism, has caused numerous personages' extensive concern in the industry.But,, in existing literature, still find no improving one's methods at power-saving mechanism heavy load performance deterioration problem according to applicant's retrieval.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that in WLAN (wireless local area network), improves IEEE802.11 power-saving mechanism heavy load performance, this method can solve the performance degradation problem of power-saving mechanism under the heavy duty situation preferably, improve the trafficability performance of the network information, and further saved energy.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method that improves IEEE802.11 power-saving mechanism heavy load performance in WLAN (wireless local area network), it is characterized in that: by monitoring the network busy idle condition, each website is regulated access probability separately adaptively, it is unlikely too much unlikely too much with the collision that produces to guarantee to participate in simultaneously under heavy duty the website number of competing, and prevents power-saving mechanism performance degradation under heavy duty; And the website of opt-out competition enters sleep state, to save energy; This method comprises following concrete operations step:
A, Measurement Network busy idle condition, adjust this website access probability: each website is monitored at the data transmission window of each transmission cycle and is measured the collision number and successfully send number, and calculates the impact factor R numerical value of ratio between two; This impact factor R and its optimal value R that will represent the current network busy idle condition again OptCompare, adjust the access probability P of each website according to comparative result Access
B, according to access probability P AccessWhether decision participates in competition: in the beginning of each transmission cycle, produce the random number r of scope within [0,1] at random, if the access probability P of this website Access〉=r then participates in competition; If access probability P Access<r does not then participate in competition; And the website of not participating in competition finishes the laggard sleep state of going at the ATIM window;
C, adjust access probability once more, insert fairness to improve: in the ATIM of each transmission cycle window, it is clear-headed that each website all keeps, monitor other websites access probability P incidentally AccessAnd when the ATIM window finishes, to the whole access probability P that listen to AccessCalculate and find the solution its average value P AverIf, the access probability P of this website AccessWith average value P AverThe absolute value of difference greater than threshold value α, then with oneself access probability P AccessBe adjusted into this average value P Aver, otherwise keep its access probability P AccessConstant; So that guarantee the access fairness between each website.
The optimal value R of impact factor R in the described steps A OptBe 0.2.
Described steps A further comprises following concrete operations step:
A1, when the beginning of data transmission window initiation parameter: collision counter and successful counter are put 0 respectively;
A2, monitoring network collision during data transmission window: each website whenever listens to primary collision, then collision counter is added 1, listens to once successfully to send, and then successful counter is added 1; And when the end of this data transmission window, calculate impact factor R=collision number/successfully send number;
A3, when finishing, data transmission window adjusts access probability P AccessIf: the impact factor R of continuous a plurality of transmission cycles>0.2+ σ, illustrate that the website number of competition is too much simultaneously, cause collision to increase, waste bandwidth is then with access probability P AccessReduce by one and adjust step-length ε, i.e. access probability P AccessIf-ε is the access probability P after reducing AccessLess than 0 o'clock, access probability P AccessValue is 0; If the impact factor R of continuous a plurality of transmission cycles<0.2-σ illustrates that simultaneously the website number of competition is very few, cause network free time too much, do not make full use of bandwidth, then with access probability P AccessImprove one and adjust step-length ε, i.e. access probability P AccessIf+ε is the access probability P after improving AccessGreater than 1 o'clock, access probability P AccessValue is 1; If impact factor R is positioned in the interval [0.2-σ, 0.2+ σ], then access probability P AccessRemain unchanged; σ is for allowing the amplitude of vibration in the formula, and ε is for adjusting step-length; The purpose of choosing the impact factor of continuous a plurality of transmission cycles is in order to reduce the vibration of system, to increase the stationarity of system.
Described step C further comprises following concrete operations step:
C1, when sending the ATIM frame access probability P of oneself incidentally Access: if competition is participated in the website decision, then carries out this step, otherwise skips this step, directly execution in step C2;
C2, during ATIM frame window, monitor the access probability P of other website in the network Access: in the ATIM of each transmission cycle frame window, it is clear-headed that each website all keeps, monitor other websites access probability P incidentally Access
C3, when finishing, the ATIM window adjusts oneself access probability: when the ATIM window finishes, to the P of each other websites of listening to AccessIts average value P is asked in calculating AverIf, the access probability P of this website oneself AccessWith average value P AverThe absolute value of difference greater than threshold value α, then with oneself access probability P AccessBe adjusted into this average value P Aver, otherwise keep this access probability P AccessConstant; To guarantee the fairness between the website.
The present invention is a kind of method that improves IEEE802.11 power-saving mechanism heavy load performance in WLAN (wireless local area network), each website is regulated the access probability of oneself respectively in this method according to the network busy idle condition that listens to, make the impact factor of whole network maintain near the optimal value, thereby make throughput unlikely deterioration under heavy duty of whole network, maintain near the optimal value.In addition, do not enter sleep state, can further save energy owing to do not participate in the website of competition.
Major advantage of the present invention is its adaptivity, and each website can be adjusted its access probability voluntarily according to the current network busy idle condition, has both improved the performance of this power-saving mechanism under heavy duty to a great extent, does not reduce its performance under underload again.A large amount of l-G simulation tests show, adopt WLAN (wireless local area network) of the present invention to increase back (being increased to 100 from 10) at the website number, and its throughput does not obviously descend; And transmitting the same energy that byte number consumed and reduce greatly, is 1/5 of standard P SM when the website number is 100.Fairness between each website also has many raisings with respect to standard P SM in addition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sequential schematic diagram that each website sends data under the power-saving mechanism PSM in IEEE802.11.
Fig. 2 is that the impact factor of DCF among the existing IEEE802.11 is counted the situation of change schematic diagram with website.
Fig. 3 is the clean throughput schematic diagram of DCF when different websites are counted among the existing IEEE802.11.
Fig. 4 is the overview flow chart of the inventive method.
Fig. 5 is the sequential relationship schematic diagram of each concrete operations step of the present invention, and each website is periodically carried out these operating procedures, and the operation cycle is from the data transmission window of each transmission window, to the end of the ATIM window of next transmission window.
Fig. 6 is monitoring network busy idle condition of the present invention and the flow chart of adjusting own access probability.
Embodiment
Describe the working mechanism and the concrete operations step of the inventive method in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As everyone knows, why very low under the heavy duty situation performance of existing IEEE802.11 agreement power-saving mechanism is, is too much because participate in the website number of competition simultaneously, produces too much collision, thereby the waste network bandwidth causes the serious deterioration of network performance.Therefore, one of improving one's methods is exactly how to reduce the website number of participating in competition simultaneously under the heavy duty situation, and the present invention adopts impact factor R (collide number/successfully send the ratio of number) to reflect the busy idle condition of current network with innovating.This impact factor R numerical value can not be excessive (showing that collision is too much), can not very few (it be too conservative to show that website sends data, causes idle time slot too much, equally also waste bandwidth), but an optimal value is arranged.Near this optimal value, the bandwidth of wireless network just can be fully utilized.The theoretical analysis and calculating, when adopting IEEE DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) for physical layer, the optimal value R of impact factor R OptBe 0.2.Basic thought of the present invention is the website number that control is competed simultaneously under heavy duty, reduces collision, and the ratio (being impact factor) of collision and success transmission is maintained near the optimal value; Just each website is by monitoring the network busy idle condition, regulate access probability separately adaptively, unlikely too much unlikely too much to guarantee under heavy duty, the participating in website number of competing simultaneously with the collision that produces, strengthen the adaptivity of power-saving mechanism, prevent power-saving mechanism performance degradation under heavy duty; And the website of opt-out competition enters sleep state, saves energy, and improves the performance of power-saving mechanism.
Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, specify three main operational steps of implementation method of the present invention:
1, Measurement Network busy idle condition, adjust the access probability of this website: each website is monitored at the data transmission window of each transmission cycle and is measured the collision number and successfully send number, and calculates the impact factor R numerical value of ratio between two; The impact factor R that this transmission cycle is recorded (expression current network busy idle condition) and its optimal value R again OptCompare, adjust the access probability P of each website according to comparative result Access
The further refinement of Fig. 5 has illustrated the flow process of the 1st operating procedure:
11, initiation parameter when the beginning of data transmission window: collision counter and successful counter are put 0 respectively; When the website initialization, access probability P AccessBe made as 1, and only the initialization setting is once.
12, monitor the network collision during whole data transmission window: each website whenever listens to primary collision, then collision counter is added 1, listens to once successfully to send, and then successful counter is added 1.And when the end of this data transmission window, calculate impact factor R=collision number/successfully send number.
13, when finishing, data transmission window adjusts access probability P AccessIf: the impact factor R>0.2+ σ of k transmission cycle (a preceding k-1 transmission cycle is added this transmission cycle), illustrate that the website number of competition is too much simultaneously, cause collision to increase, waste bandwidth is then with access probability P AccessReduce ε, i.e. access probability P Access-ε, less than 0 o'clock, value was 0 as if the difference after reducing; If the impact factor R of k transmission cycle<0.2-σ illustrates that simultaneously the website number of competition is very few, can cause network free time too much, do not make full use of bandwidth, then with access probability P AccessImprove ε, i.e. access probability P Access+ ε, if after increasing and greater than 1 o'clock, value is 1; If impact factor R is positioned in the interval [0.2-σ, 0.2+ σ], then access probability P AccessRemain unchanged; σ is for allowing the amplitude of vibration in the formula, and ε is for adjusting step-length.A k described here transmission cycle is the amount of cycles of this website maintenance waking state, and it is not necessarily continuous in time, is in order to reduce the vibration of system, to increase the stationarity of system so get the purpose of the impact factor of k transmission cycle.Through a large amount of analogue simulation tests, suggestion k gets 3, and σ gets 0.1, and ε gets 0.01.
Previously described operation all is at keep clear-headed website during this data transmission window.And the website of during this data transmission window, sleeping, because of not having monitor channel, its access probability P AccessRemain unchanged.
2, according to access probability P AccessWhether decision participates in competition: in the beginning of each transmission cycle, produce the random number r of scope within [0,1] at random, if the access probability P of this website Access〉=r then participates in competition; If access probability P Access<r does not then participate in competition.Participate in the website of competition and press DCF agreement competition transmission ATIM frame,, then press the competition of DCF agreement and send data at data transmission window if receive response ACK message at the ATIM window; And the website of not participating in competition does not send ATIM frame (although it has data to send) at the ATIM window, if there are not data to receive, can finish the laggard sleep state of going at the ATIM window, until the beginning of next transmission cycle.
3, further adjust access probability, insert fairness: if each website is independently according to the own channel situation adjustment access probability P separately that is monitored to improve Access, may occur the minority website when clear-headed channel always extremely busy, the website of participating in competition in other words this moment is always a lot, thereby reduces the access probability of oneself one after another; Another part website is then opposite: when clear-headed at every turn, the website of competition is always less with it simultaneously, thereby obtains the illusion of channel idle.For the busy not busy information that reduces or avoid this unjust phenomenon, the present invention to allow all websites share listening to, this is by each website access probability P of oneself incidentally in the ATIM frame AccessRealize.IEEE802.11 agreement regulation, in the ATIM window, it is clear-headed that all websites all must keep, if carry access probability P in the ATIM frame Access, then all websites can listen to.Decision is participated in the website of competition when sending the ATIM frame, incidentally the access probability P of oneself AccessLike this, when the ATIM window finished, all websites can be according to the P of each other websites that listen to AccessAdjust the access probability of oneself.By this, can guarantee access fairness between each website.
Further refinement the 3rd operating procedure of Fig. 5 is following two flow processs:
31, the decision website of participating in competition sends the ATIM frame, and the access probability P of oneself incidentally therein AccessIf this step is then skipped in opt-out this competition of website, direct execution in step 32.
32, each website all keeps clear-headed during ATIM frame window, monitor in the network other website access probability P incidentally Access, and when the ATIM window finishes, adjust oneself access probability: when the ATIM window finishes, to the P of each other websites of listening to AccessCalculate and ask its average value P AverIf, the access probability P of this website oneself AccessWith average value P AverThe absolute value of difference greater than threshold value α, then with oneself access probability P AccessBe adjusted into this average value P Aver, otherwise keep this access probability P AccessConstant; Wherein threshold value α is half of the access probability difference of the maximum that allows, and through a large amount of analogue simulations tests, suggestion α gets 0.02.Guarantee the fairness between the website so to a certain extent.
Implementation method of the present invention has been carried out the analogue simulation test on computers, and test is successful, has realized goal of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. method that in WLAN (wireless local area network), improves IEEE802.11 power-saving mechanism heavy load performance, it is characterized in that: by monitoring the network busy idle condition, each website is regulated access probability separately adaptively, it is unlikely too much unlikely too much with the collision that produces to guarantee to participate in simultaneously under heavy duty the website number of competing, and prevents power-saving mechanism performance degradation under heavy duty; And the website of opt-out competition enters sleep state, to save energy; This method comprises following concrete operations step:
A, Measurement Network busy idle condition, adjust this website access probability: each website is monitored at the data transmission window of each transmission cycle and is measured the collision number and successfully send number, and calculates the impact factor R numerical value of ratio between two; This impact factor R and its optimal value R that will represent the current network busy idle condition again OptCompare, adjust the access probability P of each website according to comparative result Access
B, according to access probability P AccessWhether decision participates in competition: in the beginning of each transmission cycle, produce the random number r of scope within [0,1] at random, if the access probability P of this website Access〉=r then participates in competition; If access probability P Access<r does not then participate in competition; And the website of not participating in competition finishes the laggard sleep state of going at the ATIM window;
C, adjust access probability once more, insert fairness to improve: in the ATIM of each transmission cycle window, it is clear-headed that each website all keeps, monitor other websites access probability P incidentally AccessAnd when the ATIM window finishes, to the whole access probability P that listen to AccessCalculate and find the solution its average value P AverIf, the access probability P of this website AccessWith average value P AveeThe absolute value of difference greater than threshold value α, then with oneself access probability P AccessBe adjusted into this average value P Aver, otherwise keep its access probability P AccessConstant.
2. the method for raising power-saving mechanism heavy load performance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the optimal value R of the impact factor R in the described steps A OptBe 0.2.
3. the method for raising power-saving mechanism heavy load performance according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described steps A further comprises following concrete operations step:
A1, when the beginning of data transmission window initiation parameter: collision counter and successful counter are put 0 respectively;
A2, monitoring network collision during data transmission window: each website whenever listens to primary collision, then collision counter is added 1, listens to once successfully to send, and then successful counter is added 1; And when the end of this data transmission window, calculate impact factor R=collision number/successfully send number;
A3, when finishing, data transmission window adjusts access probability P AccessIf: the impact factor R of continuous a plurality of transmission cycles>0.2+ σ, illustrate that the website number of competition is too much simultaneously, cause collision to increase, waste bandwidth is then with access probability P AccessReduce by one and adjust step-length ε, i.e. access probability P AccessIf-ε is the access probability P after reducing AccessLess than 0 o'clock, access probability P AccessValue is 0; If the impact factor R of continuous a plurality of transmission cycles<0.2-σ illustrates that simultaneously the website number of competition is very few, cause network free time too much, do not make full use of bandwidth, then with access probability P AccessImprove one and adjust step-length ε, i.e. access probability P AccessIf+ε is the access probability P after improving AecessGreater than 1 o'clock, access probability P AccessValue is 1; If impact factor R is positioned in the interval [0.2-σ, 0.2+ σ], then access probability P AccessRemain unchanged; σ is for allowing the amplitude of vibration in the formula, and ε is for adjusting step-length.
4. the method for raising power-saving mechanism heavy load performance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step C further comprises following concrete operations step:
C1, when sending the ATIM frame access probability P of oneself incidentally Access: if competition is participated in the website decision, then carries out this step, otherwise skips this step, directly execution in step C2;
C2, during ATIM frame window, monitor the access probability P of other website in the network Access: in the ATIM of each transmission cycle frame window, it is clear-headed that each website all keeps, monitor other websites access probability P incidentally Access
C3, when finishing, the ATIM window adjusts oneself access probability: when the ATIM window finishes, to the P of each other websites of listening to AccessCalculate and ask its average value P AverIf, the access probability P of this website oneself AccessWith average value P AverThe absolute value of difference greater than threshold value α, then with oneself access probability P AccessBe adjusted into this average value P Aver, otherwise keep this access probability P AccessConstant; To guarantee the fairness between the website.
CNB2003101153701A 2003-11-21 2003-11-21 Method for improving heavyload performance of energy-saving mechanism in wireless local area network Expired - Fee Related CN100362821C (en)

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