CN100337775C - Method for producing large-sized blank of wrought magnesium alloys - Google Patents
Method for producing large-sized blank of wrought magnesium alloys Download PDFInfo
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- CN100337775C CN100337775C CNB2004100507525A CN200410050752A CN100337775C CN 100337775 C CN100337775 C CN 100337775C CN B2004100507525 A CNB2004100507525 A CN B2004100507525A CN 200410050752 A CN200410050752 A CN 200410050752A CN 100337775 C CN100337775 C CN 100337775C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for producing a large-sized blank of wrought magnesium alloy. The method comprises the following pivotal measures: flame resistant sand is adopted; a coagulating direction and a coagulating speed are controlled by cold iron; flow measures of stable fused mass, such as an open lower pouring system, etc., are adopted; a riser is fed in a large size mode; a mold cavity and a pouring flow are protected by gas; the riser is cast in real time by fused mass with high temperature in a point cast mode, and feeding operation is thoroughly carried out. When magnesium alloy of which the heat crack tendency is high is difficult to adopt a DC casting method for production, the method is adopted, and a blank which accords with the requirements can be produced. Measures, such as a stable pouring measure, a quick cooling measure, a proper feeding measure, a compact flame resistant measure, etc., are adopted. Therefore, the defects that the structure of a large-sized casting member is large and loose, mechanical properties are low, etc. are reduced, and the combustion problem which occurs in the casting process is avoided. A qualified large-sized wrought blank is produced. The method is suitable for large-sized magnesium alloy casting members.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology of preparing of magnesium alloy large-sized foundry goods, specifically is preparation magnesium alloy blank, the particularly diameter preparation method greater than 300mm wrought magnesium alloy large piece blank.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy has that proportion is low, specific strength and specific stiffness height, damping performance is good and cost is low, the rate of recovery is high and characteristics such as pollution-free, is described as " green material ".With magnesium alloy substitution of Al and steel (particularly big load assembly) loss of weight greatly, loss of weight has important economic implications to space flight, aviation and transport facility, thereby loss of weight can directly reduce the environment that fuel consumption is improved human survival in addition.Simultaneously the development and utilization magnesium alloy also helps China and develops to technical advantage from the resources advantage of magnesium, and then transforms to economic advantages.
Because the hexagonal crystallographic texture of magnesium alloy, its limited sliding system cause deformation at room temperature difficulty, toughness low (general percentage elongation only is 2-4%).At present Application of Magnesium is mainly based on cast member, but cast member exists more hole and defective such as loose, makes its mechanical property relatively poor, and particularly fatigue strength is not high; Owing to technologic reason, casting die can only be made less member, and can only use under the non-dynamic load conditions of room temperature simultaneously.By comparison, the wrought magnesium alloy mechanical property is uniform and stable, has higher intensity, ductility and surface quality preferably.Wrought magnesium alloy can realize not having surplus processing simultaneously, and follow-up amount of machining is little, and can make various section bars, tubing, sheet material and forging by distortion.Wrought magnesium alloy can be widely used in parts, the particularly structural member that uses such as making space flight, aviation, automobile, other transport facility, household electrical appliances, communication, medical treatment, outdoor leisure articles for use under dynamic load conditions, its potential application market is very huge.
The present magnesium alloy structural part that uses, the small size part is many, and foundry goods is many, and the scope of application is limited, and purposes and consumption are far below structural metallic materials such as iron and steel, aluminium.Compare with foundry goods, the even tissue densification of deformable member, mechanical property is high and stablize, and is more suitable for large-scale production.Wrought magnesium alloy is suitable for making large-scale structural member, particularly load assembly simultaneously.Therefore developing deformable member Application of Magnesium quantitatively and qualitatively will be improved significantly, is the main path of large-scale application magnesium alloy.Usually, the cross section of deformable member blank than the big 8-10 in the cross section of deformable member own doubly could obtain satisfied performance.Therefore preparing large-scale blank, is development and the prerequisite of using wrought magnesium alloy.
Often there are some quality problems in the heavy in section blank: harmful intermetallic compound particle pollutes, crystal grain is thick, tissue looseness etc.; In sand casting, also there is the foundry goods combustion problem, this is not visible burning on the liquid level, also has the inner potential burning of casting mold, and the foundry goods that causes diameter to surpass 200mm is difficult to produce.Semi-continuous casting method helps to address the above problem, and becomes the universal method of the large-scale blank of preparation.For the little alloy of amount of contraction in the process of setting, the D.C.casting method can be prepared satisfactory large-scale blank, and its maximum gauge reaches 480mm at home, reaches 609mm () at 24 o'clock in Britain, reaches 812mm () at 32 o'clock in the U.S..Blank occurred the tendency of heart check or face crack during the D.C.casting method was produced.Along with billet size increases, the tendency of cracking increases.For shrinking big alloy in the process of setting, this tearing tendency is especially serious, causes the blank of diameter greater than 250mm is difficult to produce, and becomes a new production difficult problem.Therefore, develop the preparation method of new large-scale blank, what become the development wrought magnesium alloy presses for one of key issue of solution.
Add rare earth element in the magnesium alloy, can improve serviceability and heat deformability, decay resistance also can significantly improve, and has widened the approach of the development and the application of wrought magnesium alloy.Yet rare earth increases the solidification shrinkage amount of alloy, thereby increases the difficulty that the D.C.casting method is produced; For the blank of diameter greater than 300mm, difficulty is bigger.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of economical and practical, the satisfactory wrought magnesium alloy large piece of casting quality blank, the present invention relates to the sand casting method of wrought magnesium alloy large piece blank.For the big alloy of process of setting amount of contraction, when adopting the D.C.casting method to cause the production qualification rate to descend greatly even being difficult to produce, adopt this method can prepare large-scale blank owing to tearing tendency.This method overcomes the mass defect and the casting magnesium combustion problem of large-scale blank by steadily cast, cooling fast, suitably feeding and step such as careful fire-retardant, can prepare satisfactory large-scale blank.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of preparation method of wrought magnesium alloy large piece blank, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) adopts fire-retardant molding sand, in molding sand, add fire retardant, fire retardant is: one or more complex in sodium alkyl sulfonate, boric acid, magnesite, the fluoride, the aqueous solution weight percentage of sodium alkyl sulfonate 28% are 2.5～4%, the boric acid weight percentage is 2～3.5%, the magnesite weight percentage is 3～8%, the fluoride weight percentage is 6～8%;
(2) adopt chill control to solidify direction and setting rate, on the cylindrical blank cylinder, each chill contacts with each other, and sealing distributes, and adopts whole chill in the bottom surface;
(3) adopt the open running gate system of making a bet;
(4) adopt the large scale feeding head, the rising head root diameter (RD) equates that with blank diameter rising head is up big and down small pyramidal structure, and the rising head tapering is 1: (4～7), and riser height and rising head root diameter ratio are 1: (1～1.2);
(5) die cavity and beam are adopted gas shield, before the casting casting mold is filled protective gas SF
6, and in casting process, adopt protective gas SF
6The protection beam;
(6) solidifying latter stage, rising head is being carried out high-temperature fusant point annotate, fully carrying out feeding.
In the described step (1), fluoride is acid ammonium fluoride, neutral ammonium fluoride or ammonium fluoroborate.
In the described step (2), by formula B
2+ DB-0.195D
2=0 obtains the corresponding chill thickness B value of different blank diameter D, and blank bottom surface and cylinder are surrounded by chill, and the whole chill diameter in bottom surface is identical with the stock diameter, and thickness is 2B.
In the described step (3), the running channel sectional dimension is a sprue: cross gate: ingate=1: (2.5-3): (5.5-6), sprue is connected the employing overlapping mode with cross gate, and at lap-joint's placement filter net.
The present invention has following advantage:
1, material therefor of the present invention is cheap, and equipment is also easy than D.C.casting, and method is economical and practical.
2, process of setting of the present invention is slower than D.C.casting method, reduces thermal stress in the strand, reduces the tearing tendency of blank.For the big alloy of process of setting amount of contraction, when billet size greatly when being difficult to adopt the D.C.casting method to produce, employing this method can be produced qualified blank.
3, the present invention adopts fire-retardant molding sand, uses chill, die cavity and beam are adopted comprehensive flame-retarding means such as gas shield, and is respond well, is applicable to the fire-retardant of large scale foundry goods, realizes safety in production.
4, to alloy of the same race, the comparing result that this method prepares the mechanical property test of the forging processing experiment of blank and forged material thereof shows that forging blank does not have hot tearing to be taken place, and the quality of forging blank meets or exceeds the level of the forging blank of D.C.casting method.
5, the inventive method is applicable to large-scale Mg alloy castings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the configuration schematic diagram of chill on the stock cylinder, wherein 1,2,3,4,5,6 represents chill.
Fig. 2 is the open running gate system structural representation of making a bet, and wherein 7 is sprue, and 8 is die joint, and 9 is cross gate, and 10 is filter screen, and 11 are the overlap joint cross gate, and 12 is ingate.
Fig. 3 is an A-A cutaway view among Fig. 2.
The specific embodiment
The technology of the present invention key is as follows:
1, adopts fire-retardant molding sand;
2, adopt chill control cooling procedure, direction and setting rate are solidified in control, reduce the contact area of melt and molding sand simultaneously, as the fire-retardant means of supplementing out economy;
3, adopt steady running gate system;
4, adopt the large scale feeding head, fully blank is carried out feeding;
5, die cavity and beam are adopted gas shield;
6, solidifying latter stage, adopting hot melt point to annotate feeding rising head.
To begin a project, do following specifying:
1, prepares molding sand with the interpolation fire retardant.Fire retardant is one or more a complex in sodium alkyl sulfonate, sulphur, boric acid, magnesite, the fluoride.Wherein fluoride is acid ammonium fluoride (NH
4HF), neutral ammonium fluoride (NH
4F) or ammonium fluoroborate (NH
4BF
4).
Typical molding sand proportion sees Table 1:
Table 1 (wt%)
| Fine quartz sand (50-80 order) | Bentonite | Magnesite | Sodium alkyl sulfonate (28% the aqueous solution) | Boric acid | | Fluoride | ||
| 1 | 85 | 3.5 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0.5 | - | |
| 2 | 87 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | - | - | |
| 3 | 89 | 4 | - | - | - | - | 7 |
2, the chill control state of cooling reduces melt and the area that molding sand directly contacts simultaneously as far as possible, reduces the chance that melt and molding sand react.On the cylindrical blank cylinder, chill distributes and is close to the sealing (see figure 1), adopts whole chill in the bottom surface, and in order to realize process of setting from bottom to top, bottom chill thickness is greater than the chill thickness of cylinder.The thickness B value of the chill of different-diameter D blank can estimate that numerical value sees that Fig. 1 illustrates by thermal equilibrium condition.
Fig. 1 explanation: adopt the process of setting thermal equilibrium condition that chill thickness is estimated.
Melt is by pouring temperature t
WaterDrop to solidus temperature t
GuRelease heat Q
1For: Q
1=(t
Water-t
Gu) C
MgW
Mg
Melt is at t
GuTemperature is coagulated thermal discharge Q
2For: Q
2=RW
Mg
Chill is by room temperature t
The chamberBe elevated to t
GuAbsorb heat Q
3For: Q
3=(t
Gu-t
The chamber) C
FeW
Fe
More than in all formulas: C
Mg=1.406kJ/kgk is the specific heat of magnesium alloy, and R=318kJ/kg is a magnesium alloy solidification latent heat, C
Fe=481J/kgk is the specific heat of ferroalloy, W
MgAnd W
FeBe respectively the weight of magnesium alloy and chill, they can be by corresponding volume and proportion (ρ among the figure
Mg=1.84g/cm
3, ρ
Fe=7g/cm
3) obtain.
When getting Q
1+ Q
2=Q
3The time, by formula B
2+ DB-0.195D
2=0 obtains the corresponding chill thickness B value of different blank diameter D, as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| D(mm) | 350 | 400 | 500 |
| B(mm) | 48.8 | 55.5 | 69.5 |
In process of setting because molding sand and wherein the gasification of multiple material can absorb a large amount of heats, so the actual chill thickness of selecting for use can be less than the aforementioned calculation value.
3, adopt the open running gate system of making a bet, control cast liquid level steadily rises, and as shown in Figure 2, the running channel sectional dimension is:
Sprue: cross gate: ingate=1: (2.5～3): (5.5～6)
Sprue is connected with cross gate and adopts overlapping mode, and at lap-joint's placement filter net, both can filter residue, and can make casting process steady again.
4, adopt the large scale rising head, increase feeding effect blank.The rising head root diameter (RD) equates that with blank diameter rising head is up big and down small pyramidal structure, and the rising head tapering is 1: (4～7), riser height is close with the rising head root diameter (RD), and riser height and rising head root diameter ratio are 1: (1～1.2).
5, adopt gas to protect to die cavity and beam.Pouring into a mould within the first two minute, to die cavity filling SF
6Gas; In cast, use SF
6The gas shield beam.
6, solidifying latter stage, putting dead head with high-temperature fusant in good time, delaying the rising head setting time, strengthening the feeding function of rising head, fully carrying out feeding.
Below in conjunction with embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Implementing material is rare earth modified ZK60 alloy, and alloy composition is the surplus Mg of wt%:6.26Zn-0.78Zr-0.66Y-, and billet size is diameter 350mm, highly is the excellent parison material of 700mm.
1, implement material and adopt the resistance furnace melting, pouring temperature is 710 ℃.
2, molding sand proportion is wt%: fine quartz sand 85, bentonite 3.5, magnesite 6, sodium alkyl sulfonate (weight percentage is 28% the aqueous solution) 3, boric acid 2, industry sugar 0.5.
3, adopt the open running gate system of making a bet, see Fig. 2, Fig. 3.Down gate Φ 35mm; Cross gate is trapezoidal: the upper and lower end is 32 and 40mm, and height is 40mm; Four rectangle ingates evenly distribute, and each rectangle cast gate sectional dimension is 120mm * 12mm (height).
4, chill is at riding position such as Fig. 1 of blank periphery.Blank bottom surface and cylinder are surrounded by chill substantially, and melt is not contacted with molding sand substantially.The thickness of cylinder chill is 40mm, illustrates that than Fig. 1 calculated value is smaller.Bottom surface chill thickness is 80mm, at first solidifies to guarantee the blank bottom.
5, the rising head diameter equates (350mm) with blank diameter, highly is 300mm, and the rising head tapering is 1: 6.Solidifying latter stage, putting dead head, strengthening the feeding effect with high-temperature fusant.
6, the contrast test of forging processing characteristics with the blank and the D.C.casting method blank of this method preparation, the two has suitable processing characteristics as a result.
Embodiment 2
Implementing material is rare earth modified ZK60 alloy, and alloy composition is the surplus Mg of wt%:5.33Zn-0.89Zr-0.29Y-, and billet size is diameter 350mm, highly is the excellent parison material of 700mm.
1, implement material and adopt the resistance furnace melting, pouring temperature is 710 ℃.
2, molding sand proportion is wt%: fine quartz sand 89, bentonite 4, acid ammonium fluoride (NH
4HF) 7.
3, adopt the open running gate system of making a bet, see Fig. 2, Fig. 3.Down gate Φ 35mm; Cross gate is trapezoidal: the upper and lower end is 32 and 40mm, and height is 40mm; Four rectangle ingates evenly distribute, and each rectangle cast gate sectional dimension is 120mm * 12mm (height).
4, chill is at riding position such as Fig. 1 of blank periphery.Blank bottom surface and cylinder are surrounded by chill substantially, and melt is not contacted with molding sand substantially.The thickness of cylinder chill is 40mm, illustrates that than Fig. 1 calculated value is smaller.Bottom surface chill thickness is 80mm, at first solidifies to guarantee the blank bottom.
5, the rising head diameter equates (350mm) with blank diameter, highly is 350mm, and the rising head tapering is 1: 5.Solidifying latter stage, putting dead head, strengthening the feeding effect with high-temperature fusant.
6, the contrast test of forging processing characteristics with the blank and the D.C.casting method blank of this method preparation, the two has suitable processing characteristics as a result.
Mechanical property to forged material has been carried out contrast test, and the result is as shown in table 3:
Table 3
| Tensile strength sigma b (MPa) | Yield strength σ 0.2 (MPa) | Percentage elongation δ 5 (％) | Contraction percentage of area ψ (%) | |
| Sand casting example 1 | 280 | 187 | 12.3 | 11.8 |
| Sand casting example 2 | 286 | 196 | 12.4 | 13.5 |
| D.C.casting | 268 | 192 | 9.5 | 9.8 |
As seen the two intensity is suitable, and sand casting material plasticity slightly is better than the D.C.casting material.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of diameter is characterized in that greater than the preparation method of the wrought magnesium alloy large piece blank of 300mm concrete steps are as follows:
(1) adopts fire-retardant molding sand, in molding sand, add fire retardant, fire retardant is: one or more complex in sodium alkyl sulfonate, boric acid, magnesite, the fluoride, the aqueous solution weight percentage that contains sodium alkyl sulfonate 28% are 2.5～4%, the boric acid weight percentage is 2～3.5%, the magnesite weight percentage is 3～8%, the fluoride weight percentage is 6～8%;
(2) adopt chill control to solidify direction and setting rate, on the cylindrical blank cylinder, each chill contacts with each other, and sealing distributes, and adopts whole chill in the bottom surface;
(3) adopt the open running gate system of making a bet;
(4) adopt the large scale feeding head, the rising head root diameter (RD) equates that with blank diameter rising head is up big and down small pyramidal structure, and the rising head tapering is 1: (4～7), and riser height and rising head root diameter ratio are 1: (1～1.2);
(5) die cavity and beam are adopted gas shield, before the casting casting mold is filled protective gas SF6, and in casting process, adopt protective gas SF6 protection beam;
(6) solidifying latter stage, rising head is being carried out high-temperature fusant point annotate, fully carrying out feeding.
2, according to the preparation method of the described diameter of claim 1 greater than the wrought magnesium alloy large piece blank of 300mm, it is characterized in that: in the described step (1), fluoride is acid ammonium fluoride, neutral ammonium fluoride or ammonium fluoroborate.
3, according to the preparation method of the described diameter of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (2), by formula B greater than the wrought magnesium alloy large piece blank of 300mm
2+ DB-0.195D
2=0 obtains the corresponding chill thickness B value of different blank diameter D, and blank bottom surface and cylinder are surrounded by chill, and the whole chill diameter in bottom surface is identical with the stock diameter, and thickness is 2B.
4, according to the preparation method of the described diameter of claim 1 greater than the wrought magnesium alloy large piece blank of 300mm, it is characterized in that: in the described step (3), the running channel sectional dimension is a sprue: cross gate: ingate=1: (2.5-3): (5.5-6), sprue is connected the employing overlapping mode with cross gate, and at lap-joint's placement filter net.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100507525A CN100337775C (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2004-10-29 | Method for producing large-sized blank of wrought magnesium alloys |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100507525A CN100337775C (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2004-10-29 | Method for producing large-sized blank of wrought magnesium alloys |
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| CN100337775C true CN100337775C (en) | 2007-09-19 |
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| CN102463340A (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-23 | 贵州安吉航空精密铸造有限责任公司 | Method for improving metallurgical quality of cast |
| CN102794399A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-11-28 | 济钢集团有限公司 | Casting process for pre-introducing protective gas into casting die and special casting equipment |
| CN102794398A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-11-28 | 济钢集团有限公司 | Die casting process using protective gas for casting and special casting box |
| CN106925722B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2019-01-01 | 长沙合丰耐磨材料有限公司 | Produce overlength, the running gate system of ultra-thin aluminum alloy casting |
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| CN2031859U (en) * | 1988-05-14 | 1989-02-01 | 郝雄义 | Hydraulic system eliminated hydraulic impaction |
| CN1266105A (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2000-09-13 | 上海交通大学 | Heat-resistant flame-retarded compression casting magnesium alloy and smelting cast technology thereof |
| CN1381321A (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2002-11-27 | 上海交通大学 | Flame-retarding paint for casting Mg-alloy and its preparing process |
| CN1390968A (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-01-15 | 山东大学 | Complex flame-retarding and modifying process for Mg alloy |
-
2004
- 2004-10-29 CN CNB2004100507525A patent/CN100337775C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2031859U (en) * | 1988-05-14 | 1989-02-01 | 郝雄义 | Hydraulic system eliminated hydraulic impaction |
| CN1266105A (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2000-09-13 | 上海交通大学 | Heat-resistant flame-retarded compression casting magnesium alloy and smelting cast technology thereof |
| CN1381321A (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2002-11-27 | 上海交通大学 | Flame-retarding paint for casting Mg-alloy and its preparing process |
| CN1390968A (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-01-15 | 山东大学 | Complex flame-retarding and modifying process for Mg alloy |
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