CH668499A5 - CONTROLLABLE, VOLTAGE CONVERTING, ELECTRICAL MACHINE. - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a controllable, voltage-converting, electrical machine, each having at least one primary, secondary and control coil placed around a core section, the AC output voltage of the secondary coil being controllable via the DC-excitable control coil and the core also forming at least one main circuit which the primary and secondary coils or coils are arranged, and at least one control circuit on which the control coil or coils are arranged.

Such electrical machines are used, among other things, in welding technology, e.g. to regulate the current of arc welding systems. For this purpose, the electrical machines of the type mentioned are used as transformers with adjustable or controllable AC output voltage. The primary, the secondary and the control coil or coils are made of a ferromagnetic substance or substances, e.g. Iron, built core magnetically coupled together. The core is designed such that it has at least one primary circuit not leading through a secondary coil for the magnetic flux induced in the core by at least one primary coil, as well as at least one main circuit leading through a primary and a secondary coil and at least one through a control coil Control circuit forms, at least the primary and control circuits have common core sections which can be pre-magnetized by the control coils which can be subjected to adjustable direct current, so that the permeability for the magnetic flux generated by the primary coil can be changed in these pre-magnetizable regions. As a result, with increasing pre-magnetization, an ever increasing flux component of the magnetic flux built up by the primary coil and largely flowing through the primary circuit when the control coil is not loaded can be forced into the main circuit receiving the secondary coil, so that an increasing output current can also be drawn from the secondary coil .

Electrical machines of the type mentioned at the outset have already been proposed, in which the winding axis of the control coil runs perpendicular to the winding axis of the primary and secondary coils or coils. The core has a frame-shaped core part that forms the main circle, which forms two leg regions that receive the primary winding and the secondary winding, and two yoke regions that connect the leg regions, with two forming the control circuit and subregions of the primary circuit transversely or perpendicularly to this frame-shaped core part two outer leg areas, a middle leg area and two yoke areas having control cores are provided. The two outer leg regions of the control cores lie on both sides of the secondary coil on the leg regions of the frame-shaped core part forming the main core, and the middle legs of the two control cores extend through a common control coil.

An electrical machine designed in this way is, however, complex and expensive since, owing to the coil arrangement, it requires a relatively complicated and complex core structure and requires a large amount of core material and copper for the coils. In addition, it can only be produced using the so-called laying technique.

The object of the present invention was to elek5

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to create trical machines of the above-mentioned ax, which can be manufactured or assembled in a particularly simple, rational and inexpensive manner, continue to require a small amount of material and have a better efficiency.

According to the invention, this is achieved in an electrical machine of the type mentioned at the outset in that a) the winding axes of at least the secondary and the control coil (s) are at least approximately parallel,

b) the control coil is provided between secondary coils or the secondary coil between control coils and the winding axes of at least these coils are arranged at least approximately in one plane and the coils are arranged next to one another at least approximately at the same height,

c) the core sections within the secondary coil or coils can be enforced by the control flow generated by the control coil (s) and by the main flow generated by the primary coil (s),

d) the winding axes of at least one primary and at least one secondary coil are at least approximately aligned, and e) at least one primary coil is provided at an axial distance from at least one secondary coil.

According to an additional inventive feature, it can be advantageous if the core receiving the various coils is designed in such a way that it forms at least one main circuit on which only the primary and secondary coils or coils are arranged, and at least one control circuit which only the primary coil or coils are provided, and furthermore at least one control circuit on which only the control coil (s) and the secondary coil (s) are located.

When using several primary coils and / or secondary coils, depending on the application, it may be expedient if the primary and / or the secondary coils are connected or switchable in series.

It may be appropriate for some applications if the main circuit is designed as a U-I or as an M or E-I circuit and the control circuit (s) are designed as M circuits. For other applications, however, it can also be advantageous if the main circuit is designed as an N-leg core, where N should be at least 2, preferably as a UI core, as are known, for example, from DIN 41300 or 41302, and the control circuits in their Beings are designed as M control circuits.

Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the core forms at least one further control circuit on which only one control coil is arranged and that at least the core section on which this control coil is accommodated is part of a control circuit on which only one secondary coil is additionally accommodated.

According to a further feature of the invention, it can also be advantageous if at least the winding axes of the control and primary coils are at least approximately parallel.

A particularly simple and space-saving design of an electrical machine of the type mentioned at the outset can result if the winding axes of the control, primary and secondary coils are at least approximately parallel.

The core sections or at least some of them can be made at least partially of ferrite cores, e.g. sintered ferrite cores exist. At least some of the core parts or core part sections can also be held together, e.g. sheet metal layers glued together. In such a case, it can be advantageous if the sheet metal layers of the core parts or core part sections are arranged at least approximately parallel to one another both for the primary, the secondary and the control coil.

In order to obtain a particularly narrow construction, it can be appropriate to design the core in such a way that the winding axes of the primary, secondary and control coils lie at least approximately in the same plane. It can also be expedient if the core is constructed in such a way that the planes of the control and primary circuits parallel to the magnetic lines of force run at least approximately parallel to one another.

A configuration of the electrical machine which is advantageous in terms of efficiency and structure can be provided if the control coil is placed around a core section, the magnetic circuit has two adjacent core sections which are magnetically coupled to at least one core section which is enclosed by at least one secondary coil and if the force line field that can be generated by the control coil can be conducted through the core section around which the secondary coil is placed.

A particularly simple configuration of the electrical machine, which is favorable from the use of materials, can result if each of the coils is placed around a core section which consists of sheet metal layers held together, the abutments formed over the iron core ends with iron cores lying transversely thereto, which also held together Sheet metal layers exist, are magnetically coupled, it may be expedient if the iron core sections encompassed by the coils represent leg cores and the magnetically coupling iron core sections are yokes. Such legs and yokes can be produced in a particularly advantageous manner as cuboid laminated cores, which e.g. consist of individual sheets that can be glued together. The use of yoke and leg plate packages ensures simple and inexpensive production and less storage, since such modules can be produced and assembled efficiently and such individual packages can continue to be used for various electrical machines.

It can also be advantageous if the core of the electrical machine has two outer yoke cores, two intermediate yoke cores arranged between them, a leg core magnetically coupling them between the latter being provided for a control coil and furthermore each between the outer and the intermediate yoke cores and between the intermediate yoke cores Leg cores are provided for the primary and secondary coils. It may be expedient if two leg cores are provided in each case between the outer and the intermediate yoke cores and between the intermediate yoke cores, the coils placed around the leg cores provided between the intermediate yoke cores being secondary coils and the leg cores provided between the two outer yoke cores and the intermediate yoke cores each Have primary coil and is further provided between the two iron cores carrying the secondary coil and between the intermediate yokes of the leg core carrying the control coil.

In such an electrical machine, there are two primary circuits for the magnetic fluxes induced by the primary coils or by partial windings of a primary coil in the core, each of which has an outer yoke core, an intermediate yoke core and two magnetically coupling them and the other Primary coils or partial windings of a primary leg cores receiving primary coil are formed. The two outer yoke cores then also form part of the main circle. Between these outer yoke cores, the main circle is formed by the primary leg cores receiving the primary coils or partial windings of a primary coil, further by the secondary leg cores receiving the secondary coils or partial windings of a secondary coil, and by the sections of the intermediate yoke cores which are separated from the butt joints of the primary leg cores and the secondary 5

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thigh cores are flanked. The two intermediate yoke cores of the primary circuits simultaneously form subregions of the control circuit, which, owing to the structure described, is divided into two partial control circuits, each of which leads from the control leg core receiving the control coil via an intermediate yoke core, a secondary leg core and from this via the second intermediate yoke core back to the control leg core.

As can be seen from the preceding description, force lines of both a main circuit and a control circuit can build up in the leg cores receiving the secondary coils. In order to ensure optimal functioning of an electrical machine according to the invention, it is therefore particularly advantageous if the cross section of the intermediate yoke cores is smaller than the cross section of the cores receiving a secondary coil. This measure can ensure that when the electrical machine is fully controlled, i.e. when the control coil is fully loaded with direct current, the intermediate yoke cores in the area between the leg cores receiving a secondary coil and the leg core receiving the control coil are fully saturated, so that these areas are practically impassable for the magnetic flux induced by a primary coil, whereas in the one receiving a secondary coil Because of the larger cross-sectional dimensioning, thigh cores are the force line density, ie So the magnetic induction and thus the field strength is much lower, so that these leg cores are not in the saturated state and therefore there is no significant adverse effect on the magnetic flux conducted through a secondary coil, which is induced into the core by a primary coil. It has proven to be particularly expedient if the cross section of the intermediate yoke cores is between 10 and 70%, preferably between 30 and 60%, of the cross section of the cores accommodating a secondary coil.

Furthermore, it can be expedient if the cores receiving a primary coil and / or the outer yoke cores have at least approximately the same cross-sections as the primary and / or secondary coil cores, it being additionally advantageous if the core carrying a control coil is at least approximately twice the cross-section has as an intermediate yoke core.

Furthermore, it may be appropriate for at least groups of the individual core parts to consist of material of different permeability, although it may be advantageous for some applications if the outer yoke cores and / or the cores for the secondary or control coils consist of material of higher permeability than the intermediate yoke cores .

The invention is also suitable in a particularly advantageous manner for the construction of electrical machines of the type mentioned at the beginning in a multi-phase design. For example, be particularly useful for an electrical machine with three phases, if the core has at least two outer yoke cores, at least two intermediate yoke cores arranged between them, with two outer leg cores and one between the latter for magnetic coupling between the outer and the intermediate yoke cores and between the intermediate yoke cores The central leg core is provided and furthermore two magnetic cores coupling them magnetically to receive control coils are arranged between the intermediate yoke cores, each of which are provided between the corresponding central leg core and an outer leg core. It can be expedient if the primary coils are placed around the outer and middle leg cores provided between the outer yoke cores and the intermediate yoke cores, and the outer coil cores provided between the intermediate yoke cores and the middle leg core provided between the latter have the secondary coils.

In order to ensure optimal functioning of such an electrical machine, it is appropriate to design its core in such a way that the cross section of the central leg cores is at least approximately twice as large as the cross section of the outer leg cores and / or the cross section of the outer yoke cores and / or Cross section of the cores receiving the excitation coil. It has proven to be expedient if the cross section of the intermediate yoke cores is between 10 to 80%, preferably 30 to 60% of the cross section of the middle leg cores, so that when the electrical machine is fully driven, saturation occurs in the intermediate yoke cores, whereas in the middle leg cores the full control of the electrical machine is only slightly noticeable.

As already mentioned, the yoke cores or the leg cores can either consist of sintered ferrite or of laminated cores held together, or of another ferro-magnetic material. It can be advantageous if at least individual yoke cores or yoke core sections are formed in one piece with at least individual leg cores or leg core sections. At least individual yoke cores can have integrally formed leg cores or at least individual leg cores can have integrally formed yoke cores. Both the legs and the integrally formed yoke cores (or the yokes with integrally formed leg cores) can be cuboid.

However, it can also be advantageous if the leg and / or the yoke cores are round in cross section.

An advantageous embodiment, in particular for a single-phase core, can exist if at least one of the outer yokes has leg cores for the primary coils. The outer core part can then be U-shaped, the outer webs of the "U" representing the leg cores and the connecting web of the "U" representing the yoke. Furthermore, at least one of the intermediate yoke cores can at least partially support leg cores that are molded on. It may be advantageous if at least one of the intermediate yoke cores used has an outer web at its end regions, these outer webs forming the outer leg cores and with a central web provided between them, so that this core thus represents an E-shape. A design that is particularly simple in electrical terms and in terms of manufacture results if two E-shaped cores are provided in mirror image to one another, the respectively abutting outer and middle webs forming the leg cores and furthermore two U-shaped cores, the connecting webs of which are the outer yoke cores and whose outer webs form the leg cores, are also arranged in mirror image to one another, so that they rest on the intermediate yokes with their integrally formed leg cores.

Regardless of the type of manufacture, namely whether it is used as a laminated core, sintered ferrite or other core parts, it is advantageous if the areas of the webs or intermediate webs or the leg and yoke core parts facing each other are machined, preferably ground or milled are.

A core in a three-phase configuration can be designed in such a way that at least one of the yoke cores has two outer and one central web formed on it, which at least partially form the leg cores and thus represent an E-shaped core part. At least one of the core parts, which contains the intermediate yoke, can be designed in an E-shape between the outer and the central webs of the “E”, which have formed additional intermediate webs which form at least parts of further leg cores. An optimized embodiment of such an electrical machine has two E-core parts provided with additional intermediate webs, each of which contains the intermediate yoke, these core parts being arranged in mirror image to one another, and

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the outer, E-shaped core parts, also arranged in mirror image to one another, on the connecting webs representing the intermediate yokes, with their outer and intermediate webs representing the leg cores, resting on the intermediate yoke cores.

A symmetrical structure has proven to be particularly favorable, the outer and / or the means and / or the intermediate webs being at least approximately half the height of the leg cores.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. It shows:

1 shows a core in view with the various coils arranged thereon in section for an electrical machine according to the invention in a single-phase embodiment, FIG. 2 shows a top view of FIG. 1,

3 shows a core in view with the coils provided thereon in section for an electrical machine according to the invention in a three-phase embodiment,

4 is a plan view of FIG. 3,

5 shows a similar embodiment to FIG. 1,

6 shows a similar embodiment to FIG. 3,

7 shows a further embodiment of a core for an electrical machine according to the invention in a single-phase embodiment.

The core 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has two outer yoke cores 2 and 2a and two intermediate yoke cores 3 and 3a arranged between them, each with the outer yoke core 2 or 2a directly adjacent to them, each via two leg cores 4, 4a and 4b , 4c are magnetically coupled. Further leg cores 5 and 5a and a leg core 6 arranged between them are provided between the intermediate yoke cores 3 and 3a.

The outer yoke cores 2, 2a, the intermediate yoke cores 3, 3a and the individual leg cores 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a and 6 each consist of a plurality of individual sheets which are glued to one another.

The various core parts 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a, 6, which form the iron core 1, are arranged in such a way that their individual sheets run parallel to one another.

At least individual core parts can also consist at least partially of a different material, e.g. made of sintered ferrite.

In order to obtain optimal electromagnetic values, the butt joints over which the individual core parts 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a, 5, 6 lie opposite one another and are touched are machined, for example ground .

Around the leg cores 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, partial windings or partial coils 7, 7a, 7b, 7c of a primary coil are provided in series. The secondary winding, which is divided into two partial windings or partial coils 8 and 8a, is provided around the leg cores 5 and 5a. The leg core 6 receives the control coil 9.

As can be seen, the partial coils 7, 7a, 7b, 7c of the primary coil and the partial coils 8, 8a of the secondary coil and the control coil 9 are arranged in such a way that their winding axes 10, 11 and 12 are parallel to one another and, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 2 , in a same plane 13, which also runs parallel to the individual sheets of the different core parts 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a, 5, 6. As can also be seen from FIG. 1, the control coil 9 is arranged between the two secondary coils 8, 8a and at the same height as this. In addition, the primary coil sections 7, 7b and 7a, 7c are arranged coaxially with respect to the secondary coils 8 and 8a.

The core 1 forms two primary circuits 14, 14a for the magnetic fluxes induced by the partial coils 7, 7a, 7b, 7c of the primary coil, to which alternating current is applied, which are indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1 and which are each formed by an outer yoke core 2 or 2a, an intermediate yoke core 3 or 3a and two leg cores 4, 4a or 4b, 4c magnetically coupling them to one another and receiving the partial coils 7, 7a or 7b, 7c.

The two outer yoke cores 2 and 2a of the iron core 1 further form subregions of an essentially U-I-like main circuit 15 for the magnetic fluxes which are induced by the partial coils 7, 7a, 7b, 7c of the primary coil. This main circle 15 is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1. Between the outer yoke cores 2 and 2a, the main circle 15 is formed by the leg cores 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, which hold the partial coils 7, 7a, 7b, 7c of the primary coil, and by the leg cores 5 and 5a, which hold the partial coils 8, 8a of the secondary coil, and further through the sections of the intermediate yoke cores 3 and 3a, which are flanked by the joints of the leg cores 4, 4a, 4b, 4c receiving the primary section coils and the leg cores 5, 5a receiving the secondary section coils.

The two intermediate yoke cores 3 and 3a also form subregions of an essentially M-type control circuit which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is subdivided into two control circuits 16, 16a, which are indicated by double-dotted lines in FIG. The partial control circuits 16, 16a run, each starting from the leg core 6 receiving the control coil 9, via the one intermediate yoke core 3, one leg core 5 or 5a receiving the partial coils 8 and 8a, and from this leg core 5, 5a over the other intermediate yoke core 3a back to the leg core 6 of the control coil 9.

Due to the iron core structure, the magnetic lines of force of the control, primary and main circuits run in parallel planes.

The intermediate yoke cores 3 and 3a have a smaller cross section than the other core parts 2, 2a, 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a, 5, 6, which in the embodiment shown is 50% of the cross section of the core parts 2, 2a, 4 , 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a, 5, 6.

Depending on the application, the core 1 can consist of core parts of the same permeability or also of core parts of different permeability, the intermediate yoke cores 3, 3a made of a material with a lower permeability than the material for the other core parts 2, 2a, 4, 4a, 4b, 4c , 5, 5a, 5, 6 can be produced.

The functioning of an electrical machine according to FIGS. 1 and 2 will be explained in more detail below.

When the control coil 9 is not energized, the magnetic fluxes induced by the partial coils 7, 7a, 7b, 7c of the primary winding in the core 1 correspond to the two primary circuits 14 and 14a, i.e. that the magnetic fluxes do not pass through the partial coils 8 and 8a of the secondary coil, but instead take the path of lower resistance, namely through the intermediate yoke cores 3 and 3a.

If direct current is now applied to the control coil 9, partial magnetic fluxes build up corresponding to the two partial control circuits 16 and 16a, which premagnetize the areas of the core 1 through which they flow, this premagnetization being dependent on the direct voltage applied to the control coil 9, ie the greater the voltage applied, the greater the bias.

Such a premagnetization has the effect that due to the smaller cross-section of the intermediate yoke cores 3 and 3a in the regions of the intermediate yoke cores 3 and 3a indicated by hatching in FIG. 1, there is a sufficiently large magnetic induction or flux density to partially saturate these regions, so that a part of the magnetic fluxes induced by the partial coils 7, 7a, 7b, 7c of the primary winding in the core 1 can be forced through the partial coils 8, 8a of the secondary coil. It is therefore possible, by changing the saturation level in the hatching s

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identified areas to pass a more or less large proportion of the magnetic fluxes induced by the primary winding through the secondary winding. As soon as the areas of the intermediate yoke cores 3 and 3a identified by hatching are fully saturated, they are practically impassable for the magnetic fluxes induced by the partial windings of the primary winding, so that these magnetic fluxes are conducted fully through the partial coils of the secondary coil.

The core 100 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 for an electrical machine in a three-phase embodiment has two outer yoke cores 102 and 102a and two intermediate yoke cores 103 and 103a arranged between them, the intermediate yoke cores 103 and 103a being interconnected by two outer leg cores 105 and 105a and a central leg core 105b provided between them and furthermore magnetically coupled to accommodate a control coil 109, 109a by leg cores 106, 106a provided between the middle leg core 105b and the outer leg cores 105 and 105a. The outer leg cores 105 and 105a and the middle leg core 105b provided between them receive the secondary windings 108, 108a, 108b, which are each provided for one phase. Each of the intermediate yoke cores 103 and 103a is also magnetically coupled to the respective outer yoke core 102 or 102a, respectively, via two outer leg cores 104, 104a or 104b, 104c and by a central leg core 104e or 104f. The leg cores 104, 104a, 104b, 104c, 104e and 104f each receive partial coils 107, 107a, 107ab, 107c, 107e and 107f from primary coils, the partial coils 107, 107b and 107a, 107c and 107e, 107f each receiving the coil form for a primary phase.

As a result of the core structure, the control coil 109 is arranged between the two secondary coils 108, 108b and the control coil 109a between the two secondary coils 108a, 108b, with the secondary coils 108, 108b, 108a and the control coils 109, 109a provided between them being arranged next to one another at the same height . Furthermore, the primary coil sections 107, 107b are arranged coaxially with respect to the secondary coil 108 arranged between them, the primary coil sections 107e, 107f with respect to the secondary coil 108b arranged between them and the primary coil sections 107a, 107c with respect to the secondary coil 108a provided between them.

In this exemplary embodiment too, the core parts forming the core 100 are formed from a plurality of individual sheets which are in each case glued to one another, these core parts being arranged in such a way that their individual sheets run parallel to one another.

Due to the special structure of the core 100, the winding axes 117, 118, 119, 120 and 121 of the individual partial coils or coils also run parallel to one another and, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, are arranged in a same plane 113.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the middle leg cores 104e, 105b, 104f have a larger cross section than the cross section of the outer leg cores 104, 104a, 105, 105a, 104b, 104c, than the cross section of the outer yoke cores 102, 102a and as the cross section of the leg cores 106, 106a receiving the control coils 109, 109a. It can also be seen from FIG. 3 that the intermediate yoke cores 103, 103a have a smaller cross section than the other core parts, the cross section of the intermediate yokes 103 and 103a being approximately 40% of the cross section of the middle leg cores 104e, 105b, 104f in the embodiment shown.

The iron core 100 forms four primary circuits 114, 114a, 114b, 114c for the magnetic fluxes induced by the partial coils 107, 107a, 107b, 107c, 107e, 107f of the primary coils, which are acted upon by alternating current, as is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 3 , and two main circuits 115 and 115a, which are indicated by dashed lines in Figure 3, and further control circuits or partial control circuits 116, 116a, 116b, 116c for the magnetic fluxes induced by the control coils 109, 109a. The control or partial control circuits 116, 116a, 116b and 116c are identified by double-dotted lines in FIG. As can furthermore be seen from FIG. 3, the various core parts or core sections which form the two main circles 115, 115a form a 3U-I-shaped overall main circle, that is to say an overall main circle which is formed by three legs which are connected to one another by yokes. The various core parts or core sections forming the partial control circuits 116, 116a, 116b, 116c are arranged such that they each form an M-type control circuit between two adjacent legs of the overall SU-I-shaped main circuit, namely on the one hand the M-type control circuit which is formed by the two sub-control circuits 116, 116a and on the other hand the M-type control circuit, which is formed by the two sub-control circuits 116b, 116c.

The operation of an electrical machine according to FIGS. 3 and 4 corresponds in principle to that of the electrical machine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. 3 and 4, a more or less large proportion of the magnetic fluxes induced in the core 100 by the primary coils can be forced through the secondary windings 108, 108a, 108b by means of the control coils to which direct current is applied 109, 109a, the regions of the intermediate yoke cores 103, 103a which are identified by hatching in FIG. 3 are more or less premagnetized.

The core parts of the electrical machine according to FIGS. 1 to 4 can also be produced from materials other than sheet metal parts glued together, e.g. from cuboid ferrite bodies or cubes. Furthermore, it can be advantageous if at least individual bodies have a round cross section.

The embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 show iron cores with a configuration other than cuboid, namely with leg cores molded onto the yoke cores. These core parts can be produced in a particularly simple manner using ferrite technology, or else can be formed by correspondingly punched-out and mutually held-together sheet metal lamellae.

Figure 5 shows a single-phase and Figure 6 shows a three-phase electrical machine.

As in FIG. 1, the core 201 of FIG. 5 has two outer yoke cores 202 and 202a and two intermediate yoke cores 203 and 203a arranged between them. These intermediate yoke cores are magnetically coupled to the respective outer yoke cores 202 and 202a, respectively, via two leg cores 204, 204a and 204b, 204c formed on the outer yoke cores. The yoke cores 202, 202a formed in one piece with the leg cores 204, 204a and 204b, 204c thus form U-shaped core parts 201a, 201b, with the legs 204, 204a and 204b, 204c in each case the outer webs and the outer yoke cores 202 and 202a Show connecting bridges of the «U». The U-shaped core parts 201a, 201b are arranged in mirror image to one another and are supported on the intermediate yoke cores via corresponding abutment points.

The leg cores 205, 206 and 205a provided between the intermediate yoke cores 203, 203a are each half-molded onto one of the intermediate yokes 203, 203a, so that E-shaped core parts 201c and 201d are formed. The leg cores 205 ', 205a1 and 2052, 205a2 each represent the outer webs, the leg cores 206' and 2062 the middle webs and the yokes 203, 203a the connecting webs of the "E". The two E parts 201c and 201d are mirror images provided to each other and stored over the outer and middle webs5

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formed joints at each other. These joints are appropriately leveled, e.g. milled and / or ground.

Since the other details, such as the coils, the arrangement thereof, etc. of the electrical machine shown in FIG. 5 are practically identical to those according to FIG. 1, the same reference numerals are used for these details and the same mode of operation is practically the same as this is described in connection with Figures 1 and 2.

The core 300 shown in FIG. 6 for the electrical machine shown there in a three-phase embodiment has two outer yoke cores 302, 302a and intermediate yoke cores 303 and 303a arranged between them.

Leg cores 304, 304e and 304a as well as 304b, 304f and 304c are molded onto the yoke cores 302, 302a, so that the yoke cores 302 and 302a connect the connecting web, the outer legs 304, 304a and 304b, 304c the outer webs and the legs 304e, 304f the middle webs of E-shaped core parts 300a and 300b. These two E core parts are arranged in mirror image to one another and rest with their legs on the yoke cores 303, 303a provided between them via abutting points.

Leg cores 305, 306, 305b, 306a and 305a are provided between the intermediate yoke cores 303 and 303a, half of these legs being molded onto one of the yoke cores 303, 303a. The leg cores 3051, 3052 and 305a1, 305a2 form the outer webs, the middle legs 305b1, 305b2 the middle webs and the yokes 302 and 302a integrally connected to them form the connecting web of E-shaped iron cores 300c and 300e. Additional intermediate webs 3061, 3062 and 306a1, 306a2 are provided between the outer and the middle webs of the E-shaped bodies and each integrally formed on the intermediate yokes 303 and 303a assigned to them. The cores 303c and 303d formed in this way also face each other in mirror-image fashion and support molded joints on one another above the legs 305 ', 3052, 306', 3062, 305b1, 305b2, 306a1, 306a2, 305a1, 305a2. Since here too the other individual parts, the function, the mode of operation of those electrical machines of FIGS. 3 and 4 are practically the same, the other reference numerals are identical to those of FIGS. 3 and 4.

The core 400 shown in FIG. 7 for an electrical machine in a single-phase embodiment has two outer yokes 668 499

cores 402 and 402a and two intermediate yoke cores 403 and 403a arranged between them. Each of the intermediate yoke cores 403, 403a is magnetically coupled to the respectively adjacent outer yoke core 402 or 402a by means of two outer leg cores 404, 404a or 404b, 404c and by a middle leg core 404e or 404f. In addition, the intermediate yoke cores 403 and 403a are magnetically coupled to one another by two outer leg cores 405 and 405a and a central leg core 405b provided between them and furthermore by leg cores 406, 406a provided between the middle leg core 405b and the outer leg cores 405 and 405a. The middle leg cores 404e, 404f each take up partial coils 407, 407a of a primary winding and the middle leg core 405b provided between the intermediate yoke cores 403 and 403a holds a secondary coil or winding 408. The leg cores 406 and 406a each take up a control coil 409 or 409a.

For the magnetic fluxes induced by the partial coils 407, 407a, to which alternating current is applied, the iron core 400 forms four primary or scattering circles 414, 414a, 414b, 414c, which are indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 7, and two main circles 415 , 415a, which are indicated by dashed lines and further control circuits or partial control circuits 416, 416a, 416b, 416c for the magnetic fluxes induced by the control coils 409, 409a. The control or partial control circuits 416, 416a, 416b and 416c are identified by dash-double-dot-dash lines in FIG.

As can be seen from FIG. 7, the magnetic flux built up by a control coil 409 or 409a can be closed via two paths, namely via the paths formed by the partial control circuits 416, 416a for the partial flows induced by the control coil 409 and via the Partial control circuits 416b, 416c formed paths for the partial flows induced by the control coil 409a. Furthermore, it can be seen that only one control coil 409, 409a is provided on each of the sub-control circuits 416, 416c, whereas both a control coil 409 and 409a and also the secondary coil 408 are arranged on the sub-control circuits 416a, 416b.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated exemplary embodiments. It also encompasses yoke and thigh core parts or yoke and thigh core parts which are divided and designed differently, and the use of materials other than those described within the scope covered by the invention.

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Claims (46)

668 499 2nd PATENT CLAIMS 1.Controllable, voltage-converting, electrical machine, each with at least one primary, secondary and control coil placed around a core section, the output AC voltage of the secondary coil being controllable via the DC-excitable control coil, and the core also forms at least one main circuit on which the primary - And secondary coil or coils are arranged, and at least one control circuit on which the control coil or coils are arranged, characterized in that a) the winding axes (10, 11, 12; 117, 118, 119, 120, 121 ) at least the secondary (8, 8a; 108, 108a, 108b; 408) and the control coil (s) (9; 109, 109a; 409, 409a) are at least approximately parallel, b) the control coil (9; 109, 109a) between secondary coils (8, 8a; 108, 108a, 108b; 408) or the secondary coil (108b, 408) between control coils (109, 109a; 409, 409a) is provided and the Winding axes (10, 11, 12; 117, 118, 119, 120, 121) at least of these coils at least approximately in one plane (13, 113) and the coils are arranged next to one another at least approximately at the same height, c) the core sections (5, 5a; 105, 105a, 105b; 405b) within the secondary coil or coils (8, 8a; 108, 108a, 108b; 408) of which by the control coil (s) (1, 109, 109a; 409, 409a) generated control flow (16, 16a; 116, 116a, 116b, 116c; 416a, 416b) and of which by the primary coil (s) (7, 7a, 7b, 7c; 107, 107b, 107e, 107f , 107a, 107c; 407, 407a) generated main flow (15; 115, 115a; 415, 415a) are enforceable, d) the winding axes (10, 11; 117, 118, 119) of at least one primary and at least one secondary coil are at least approximately aligned and e) at least one primary coil (7, 7a, 7b, 7c; 107, 107b, 107e, 107f, 107a , 107c; 407, 407a) is provided at an axial distance from at least one secondary coil (8, 8a; 108, 108a, 108b; 408). 2. Controllable, voltage converting, electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (1, 100, 400) forms at least one main circuit (15; 115, 115a; 415, 415a) on which only the primary (7th , 7a, 7b, 7c; 107, 107b, 107e, 107f, 107a, 107c; 407, 407a) and secondary coils or coils (8, 8a; 108, 108a, 108b; 408) are arranged, as well as at least one scattering circle ( 14, 14a; 114, 114a, 114b, 114c; 414, 414a, 414b, 414c), on which only the primary coil or coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c; 107, 107b, 107e, 107f, 107a, 107c ; 407, 407a) are provided, and furthermore at least one control circuit (16, 16a; 116, 116a, 116b, 116c; 416a, 416b) on which only the control coil (s) (109, 109a; 409, 409a) and the secondary coil (s) (8, 8a; 108, 108a, 108b; 408) are located. 3. Controllable, voltage converting, electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least some primary coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c; 107, 107b 107e, 107f, 107a, 107c; 407, 407a) are connected in series . 4. Controllable, voltage converting, electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least some secondary coils are connected in series. 5. Controllable, voltage converting, electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the main circuit (15; 115, 115a; 415, 415a) is essentially designed as a UI or as an M or EI circuit and the control circuit (s) (16 + 16a; 116 + 116a, 116b + 116c; 416 + 416a, 416b + 416c) are designed as M circles. 6. Controllable, voltage converting, electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the main circuit (15, 115 + 115a; 415 + 415a) as a multi-legged core, preferably as a 3U-I core (Fig. 3, 4, 6 and 7) and the control circuits are essentially M-control circuits (16 + 16a; 116 + 116a, 116b + 116c; 416 + 416a, 416b + 416c). 7. Controllable, voltage converting, electrical machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the core (400) forms at least one further control circuit (416, 416c) on which only one control coil (409, 409a) is arranged and that at least the core section (406, 406a) on which this control coil is accommodated is part of a control circuit (416a, 416b) on which only a secondary coil (408) is additionally accommodated (FIG. 7). 8. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least the winding axes (10, 11, 12; 117 118, 119, 120, 121) of the control (9, 109, 109a; 409, 4Q9a) and the primary coil (s) (7, 7a, 7b, 7c; 107d, 107b, 107e, 107f; 107a, 107c; 407, 407a) are at least approximately parallel. 9. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the winding axes (10, 11, 12; 117, 118, 119, 120, 121) of the control (9, 109, 109a; 409, 409a), the primary (7, 7a, 7b, 7c; 107, 107b, 107f; 107a, 107c; 407, 407a) and secondary (s) (8, 8a; 108, 108a, 108b; 408) are at least approximately parallel. 10. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least some of the core parts or core part sections made of ferrite cores, e.g. sintered ferrite cores exist (Fig. 5,6). 11. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least some of the core parts or core part sections (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a, 6; 104, 104a, 104b, 104c, 104e, 104f; 105, 105a, 105b, 106, 106a; 404 , 404a, 404b, 404c, 404e, 404f; 405, 405a, 405b; 406, 406a) consist of sheet metal layers which are preferably held together. 12. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least some of the core sections (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a, 6; 104, 104a, 104b, 104c, 104e, 104f; 105, 105a, 105b, 106, 106a; 404, 404a , 404b, 404c, 404e, 404f; 405, 405a, 405b; 406, 406a) consist of sheet metal layers and at least one ferrite component. 13. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that core sections (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a, 6; 104, 104a, 104b, 104c, 104e, 104f; 105, 105a, 105b, 106, 106a; 404, 404a, 404b, 404c, 404e, 404f; 405, 405a, 405b; 406, 406a) are made of sheet metal layers, which are arranged at least approximately parallel to one another for the primary and / or the secondary and / or the control coil. 14. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the winding axes (10, 11, 12; 117 to 121) of the primary, the secondary and the control coil (s) are at least approximately in the same plane (13; 113). 15. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the planes of the control (16, 16a; 116, 116a, 116b, 116c; 416, 416a, 416b, 416c) and the primary circuit (14, 14a; 114, 114a, 114b) parallel to the magnetic lines of force , 114c; 414, 414a, 414b, 414c) run at least approximately parallel to one another. 16. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the control coil (9, 109; 109a; 409, 409a) is placed around a core section (6; 106, 106a; 206, 306, 306a; 406, 406a), the magnetic closure has two adjacent core sections (3, 3a; 103, 103a; 203, 203a; 303, 303a; 403, 403a) with at least one further core section (5, 5a; 105, 105a, 105b, 205, 205a; 305, 305a, 305b; 405b ), which at least one secondary coil (8, 8a; 108, 108a, 108b; 408) encloses, are magnetically coupled, and that the force line field (16, 16a; 116.) that can be generated by the control coil (9; 109, 109a; 409, 409a) , 116a, 116b, 116c; 416a, 416b) through that core section 5, 5a; 105, 105a, 105b, 205, 205a; 305, 305a, 305b; 405b), around which the secondary coil (8, 8a; 108, 108a, 108b; 408) is placed, is conductive. 5 10th 15 20th 25th 30th 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 17. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that each of the coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c, 8, 8a, 9; 107, 107a, 107b, 107c, 107e, 107f, 108, 108a, 108b, 109, 109a; 407, 407a, 408, 409, 409a) around a core section (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 5a, 6; 104, 104a, 104b, 104c, 104e, 104f; 105, 105a, 105b, 106, 106a; 404e, 404f; 405b; 406, 406a), which consists of sheet metal layers held together, which are formed over the iron core sections butt joints with transverse iron core sections (2, 2a, 3, 3a, 102, 102a, 103, 103a; 402, 402a, 403, 403a), which also consist of sheet metal layers held together, are magnetically coupled. 18. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the core sections encompassed by the coils represent leg core parts and these magnetically coupling core sections are yokes. 19. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the core (1, 201) has two outer yoke cores (2, 2a, 202, 202a), two intermediate yoke cores (3, 3a, 303, 303a) arranged between them, with a thigh core magnetically coupling them between the latter (6, 206) is provided for a control coil (9), and furthermore in each case between the outer (2, 2a; 202, 202a) and the intermediate yoke cores (3, 3a; 203, 203a) and between the intermediate yoke cores (3, 3a; 203, 203a) the leg cores (4, 4a, 4b, 4c; 5, 5a; 204, 204a, 204b, 204c; 205, 205a) for the primary (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) and the secondary coils (8, 8a) are provided. 20. Electrical machine according to claim 19, characterized in that between the outer (2, 2a; 202, 202a) and the intermediate yoke cores (3, 3a, 203, 203a) and between the intermediate yoke cores (3, 3a; 203, 203a) two leg cores (4, 4a; 4b, 4c; 5, 5a; 204, 204a, 204b, 204c; 205, 205a) are provided, the leg cores (5 , 5a; 205, 205a) placed coils (8, 8a) are secondary coils and the leg cores (4, 4a.) Between the two outer yoke cores (2, 2a; 202, 202a) and the intermediate yoke cores (3, 3a; 303, 303a) ; 4b, 4c; 204, 204a, 204b, 204c) each have a primary coil (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) and that between the two iron cores (5, 5a; 205, 205a) carrying the secondary coils (8, 8a) and between the intermediate yokes (3, 3a; 203, 203a) the leg core (6; 206) carrying the control coil (9) is provided. 21. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the cross section of the intermediate yoke cores (3, 3a; 103, 103a; 203, 203a; 303, 303a; 403, 403a) is smaller than the cross section of the cores (5, 5a; 105, 105a, 105b; 205, 205a; 305, 305a, 305b; 405b). 22. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the cross section of the intermediate yoke cores (3, 3a; 103, 103a; 203, 203a; 303, 303a; 403, 403a) is between 10 and 70%, preferably between 30 and 60% of the cross section of the cores receiving the secondary coils (5, 5a; 105, 105a, 105b; 205, 205a; 305, 305a, 305b; 405b). 23. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the cores (4, 4a, 4b, 4c; 104, 104a, 104b, 104c, 104e, 104f; 204, 204a, 204b, 204c; 304, 304a, 304b, 304c, 304e, 304f; 404e, 404f) have at least approximately the same cross section as the secondary coil cores (5, 5a; 105, 105a, 105b; 205, 205a; 305, 305a, 305, 305b; 405b). 24. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the outer yoke cores (2, 2a; 102, 102a; 202, 202a; 302, 302a) have at least approximately the same cross-section as the secondary coil cores (5, 5a; 105, 105a; 205, 205a; 305 , 305a). 668 499 25. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the core carrying the control coil has at least approximately twice the cross-section than an intermediate yoke core. 26. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that at least groups of the individual cores consist of material of different permeability. 27. Electrical machine according to claim 26, characterized in that the outer yoke cores (2, 2a; 102, 102a; 402, 402a) and / or the cores (5, 5a, 6; 105, 105a, 105b, 106, 106a; 405b , 406, 406a) for the secondary or control coils consist of material of higher permeability than the intermediate yoke cores (3, 3a; 103, 103a; 403, 403a). 28. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the core (100; 300; 400) of the electrical machine has at least two outer yoke cores (102, 102a; 302, 302a; 402, 402a), at least two between arranged intermediate yoke cores (103, 103a; 303, 303a; 403, 403a), the magnetic coupling between the outer (102, 102a; 302, 302a; 402, 402a) and the intermediate yoke cores (103, 103a; 303, 303a; 403, 403a) and between these two outer leg cores (104, 104a; 104b, 104c; 105, 105a; 304, 304a, 304b, 304c; 305, 305a; 404, 404a, 404b, 404c, 405, 405a) and one between the latter arranged central leg core (104e, 104f, 105b; 304e; 304f; 305b; 404e, 404f, 405b) is provided and furthermore between the intermediate yoke cores (103, 103a, 303, 303a; 403, 403a) two leg cores (106, 106a; 306, 306a; 406, 406a) for receiving control coils (109, 109a; 409, 409a) are arranged, each between en the corresponding central thigh core (105b, 305b; 405b) and an outer leg core (105, 105a, 305; 305a; 405, 405a) are provided. 29. Electrical machine according to claim 28, characterized in that around the outer and middle leg cores (104, 104a, 104b,) provided between the outer (102, 102a; 302, 302a) and the intermediate yoke cores (103, 103a; 303, 303a), 104c, 104e, 104f; 304, 304a, 304b, 304c, 304e, 304f) primary coils (107, 107a, 107b, 107c, 107e, 107f) are placed and the outer ones provided between the intermediate yoke cores (103, 103a; 303, 303a) Leg cores (105, 105a; 305, 305a) and the central leg core (105b, 305b) provided between the latter have secondary coils (108, 108a, 108b). 30. Electrical machine according to one of claims 28 or 29, characterized in that the cross section of the central leg cores (104e, 104f, 105b, 304e, 304f, 305b; 404e, 404f, 405b) is at least approximately twice as large as the cross section of the outer leg cores (104, 104a, 104b, 104c; 105, 105a; 304, 304a, 304b, 304c; 305, 305a; 404, 404a, 404b, 404c) and / or the cross section of the outer yoke cores (102, 102a; 302, 302a; 402, 402a) and / or the cross section of the cores (106, 106a; 306, 306a; 406, 406a) receiving the excitation coils. 31. Electrical machine according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the cross section of the intermediate yoke cores (103, 103a; 303, 303a; 403, 403a) is between 10 to 80%, preferably 30 to 60% of the cross section of the central leg cores (104e, 104f, 105b; 304e, 304f, 305b; 404e, 404f, 405b). 32. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that at least individual yoke cores or yoke core sections are formed in one piece with at least individual leg cores or leg core sections (FIGS. 5, 6). 33. Electrical machine according to claim 32, characterized in that at least individual yoke cores have integrally formed leg cores (FIGS. 5, 6). 34. Electrical machine according to claim 32 or 33, da3 5 10th 15 20th 25th 30th 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 668 499 4th characterized in that at least individual leg cores have integrally formed yoke cores. 35. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that cuboid-shaped or cylinder-like yoke cores are formed on such thigh cores (Fig. 5, 6). 36. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that at least one of the outer yokes has leg cores for the primary coils (FIGS. 5, 6). 37. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 36, characterized in that at least one core part is U-shaped, the outer webs of the U representing the leg cores and the connecting web representing the yoke (FIG. 5). 38. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 37, characterized in that at least one of the intermediate yoke cores carries at least partially molded leg cores (Fig. 5, 6). 39. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 38, characterized in that at least one of the intermediate yoke cores each has an outer web at its end regions, which form the outer leg cores, and an intermediate web provided between them and this core thus represents an E-shape (FIG. 5). 40. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 39, characterized in that two E-shaped cores (201c, 201d) are provided in mirror image with respect to one another, the abutting outer (2051, 2052, 205a1, 205a2) and the central webs (2061, 206a1) the leg cores (205, 206) form. 41. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 40, characterized in that two U-shaped cores (201a, 201b), the connecting webs of which form the outer yoke cores (202, 202a) and the outer webs of which are the leg cores (204, 204a), are arranged in mirror image to one another and are integrally formed with them Support leg cores on the intermediate yoke cores (203, 203a). 42. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 41, characterized in that at least one of the yoke cores (302, 302a) has two outer (304, 304a; 304b, 304c) and one central web (304e, 304f) formed and thus forms an E-shaped core part (300a, 300b) . 43. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 42, characterized in that at least one of the core parts (300c, 300d), which contains the intermediate yoke (303, 303a), is E-shaped and between the outer (3051, 3052; 305a1, 305a2) and the central webs (305b1 , 305b2) further intermediate webs (3061, 3062) are formed, which form at least parts of further leg cores. 44. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 43, characterized in that two E-core parts provided with additional intermediate webs (3061, 3062; 306a1, 306a2), each of which contains an intermediate yoke (303, 303a), are arranged in mirror image to one another and on which the intermediate yokes (303, 303a) represent The outer, E-shaped core parts (300a, 300b), also arranged in mirror image to one another, are connected by connecting webs with their outer (304, 304a; 304b, 304c) and intermediate webs (304e, 304f) representing the leg cores on the intermediate yoke cores (303, 303a ) on top. 45. Electrical machine according to one of claims 32 to 44, characterized in that the outer (3051, 3052; 305a1, 305a2) and / or the means (305b1, 305b2) and / or the intermediate webs (3061, 3062; 306a1, 306a2) formed on the intermediate yokes (303, 303a) make up at least approximately half of the leg heights (305, 305a; 305b; 306, 306a). 46. Electrical machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the regions of the webs or intermediate webs or the leg and yoke cores which are directed towards one another are machined, preferably ground or milled (FIGS. 5, 6).