CA3101992C - Multi-band planar antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT An antenna includes a first folded dipole having a first central region, and a second folded dipole having a second central region and connected in parallel to the first folded dipole. The antenna further includes a first pair of tuning stubs extending into the first central region of the first folded dipole, and a second pair of tuning stubs extending into the second central region of the second folded dipole. Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09

Description

MULTI-BAND PLANAR ANTENNA
BACKGROUND
[0001] Dipole antennas are commonly used for wireless communications. A
dipole antenna typically includes two identical conductive elements to which a driving current from a transmitter is applied, or from which a received wireless signal is applied to a receiver. A dipole antenna most commonly includes two conductors of equal length oriented end-to-end with a feedline connected between them. A half-wave dipole includes two quarter-wavelength conductors placed end to end for a total length (L) of approximately L=V2, where X, is the wavelength corresponding to the intended frequency (f) of operation. A folded dipole antenna consists of a half-wave dipole with an additional wire connecting its two ends. The far-field emission pattern of the folded dipole antenna is nearly identical to the half-wavelength dipole, but typically has an increased impedance and a wider bandwidth. Half-wavelength folded dipoles are used for various applications including, for example, for Frequency Modulated (FM) radio antennas.
SUMMARY

[0002] According to a broad aspect, there is provided an antenna, comprising: a first folded dipole forming a first loop and comprising a first central non-conductive region within an interior of the first loop; a second folded dipole forming a second loop and comprising a second central non-conductive region within an interior of the second loop, wherein the second folded dipole is connected in parallel to the first folded dipole; a first pair of tuning stubs connected to opposing sides of the first folded dipole within the first central non-conductive region of the first loop and extending into the first central non-conductive region within the interior of the first loop; and a second pair of tuning stubs connected to opposing sides of the second folded dipole within the Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-30 second central non-conductive region of the second loop and extending into the second central non-conductive region within the interior of the second loop. According to another broad aspect, there is provided an antenna structure, comprising: a dielectric; a conductor layout formed on the dielectric, wherein the conductor layout comprises: a first folded dipole forming a first loop and comprising a first central non-conductive region within an interior of the first loop, a second folded dipole forming a second loop and comprising a second central non-conductive region within an interior of the second loop, wherein the second folded dipole is coupled in parallel to the first folded dipole, a first pair of tuning stubs connected to opposing sides of the first folded dipole within the first central non-conductive region of the first loop and extending into the first central non-conductive region within the interior of the first loop, and a second pair of tuning stubs connected to opposing sides of the second folded dipole within the second central non-conductive region of the second loop and extending into the second central non-conductive region within the interior of the second loop; and a feed line conductor formed on the dielectric and coupled to a feed section of the first and second folded dipoles.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0003] FIG. 1 depicts a three-dimensional view of a folded dipole antenna structure according to an exemplary implementation;

[0004] FIG. 2A depicts a two-dimensional top view of the first side of the antenna structure depicted in FIG. 1;

[0005] FIG. 2B depicts a two-dimensional "see-through" view of the second side of the antenna structure depicted in FIG. 1;

[0006] FIG. 3 depicts further details of the antenna conductor layout on the first side of the planar dielectric of FIG. 1 according to one exemplary implementation;

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-30

[0007]
FIG. 4A illustrates an expanded view of a first radiating section of a first folded dipole of the conductor layout of FIG. 3;

[0008]
FIG. 4B illustrates an expanded view of a second radiating section of a second folded dipole of the conductor layout of FIG. 3;

[0009]
FIG. 5 illustrates an expanded view of the feed section of the conductor layout of FIG. 3;

[0010]
FIG. 6 depicts further details of the conductor layout on the second side of the planar dielectric of FIG. 1 according to an exemplary implementation;

[0011]
FIG. 7 depicts a plot of Voltage Standing Wave Ratio versus frequency for an exemplary folded dipole antenna structure corresponding to FIG. 1;

[0012]
FIGs. 8A and 8B illustrate three-dimensional radiation patterns associated with the folded dipole antenna structure of FIG. 1 at a frequency of 750 Megahertz;

[0013]
FIGs. 9A and 9B illustrate three-dimensional radiation patterns associated with the folded dipole antenna structure of FIG. 1 at a frequency of 1800 Megahertz;
and [0013a]
FIGs. 10A and 10B illustrate three-dimensional radiation patterns associated with the folded dipole antenna structure of FIG. 1 at a frequency of 2150 Megahertz.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0014] Variants, examples, and preferred embodiments of the invention are described hereinbelow. The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements. The Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-30 following detailed description does not limit the invention.

[0015] A compact folded dipole antenna structure, as described herein, includes two parallel connected, folded dipoles that may be formed on a first side of a planar dielectric, such as a printed circuit board (PCB), and a feed line and a tunable impedance matching element that may be formed on a second, opposite side of the planar dielectric. The resulting antenna structure is compact and self-resonant such that the antenna structure does not need to be attached to another structure to resonate. Each of the folded dipoles of the antenna structure includes, within a non-conductive central region of each folded dipole, a pair of tuning stubs that control higher resonant frequencies of the antenna structure. Various dimensions associated with the pair of tuning stubs may be tuned to adjust the higher resonant frequencies of the antenna structure.

[0016] The antenna structure of the compact folded dipole antenna further includes a first tuning element and a second tuning element connected to an antenna feed section associated with the first folded dipole and the second folded dipole. The first and second tuning elements may be formed on the first side of the planar dielectric and control lower resonant frequencies of the antenna structure. Various dimensions associated with the first and second tuning elements may be tuned to adjust the lower resonant frequencies of the antenna structure.

[0017] The tunable impedance matching element that may be formed on the second side of the planar dielectric and extend across a gap between respective portions of the antenna feed section associated with the two folded dipoles. Since current is balanced in the layout of the antenna structure, no external balun needs to be used with the antenna structure. The feed line that may be formed on the second side of the planar dielectric may also include a Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 microstrip feed line that may be formed integrally with the antenna conductor layout, eliminating a need for an external coaxial structure.

[0018] The compact folded dipole antenna structure described herein may resonate at multiple different frequencies spanning a range from approximately 675 Megahertz (MHz) to approximately 2500 MHz. The pairs of tuning stubs of the two parallel-connected folded dipoles, and the tuning elements connected to the respective antenna feed sections of the two folded dipoles, may be tuned to adjust both the lower and higher resonant frequencies of the antenna structure.

[0019] The antenna structure described herein may be used in, for example, a meter such as a utility meter (e.g., a water meter or power usage meter) to transmit and receive data. For example, the antenna structure may be a component of a meter interface unit within the utility meter that enables wireless communication to/from the utility meter in multiple different bands (e.g., Long-Term Evolution (LTE) bands 4 and 13, 900 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, 2.4 GHz ISM (Bluetooth')). The compact nature of the antenna structure, requiring the use of no external components (e.g., no components on an external PCB), enables the antenna to be fit within the physical constraints of existing meter interface units, or more easily fit within newly designed meter interface units that may be relatively small in size.

[0020] FIG. 1 depicts a three-dimensional view of a folded dipole antenna structure 100 according to an exemplary implementation. As shown, the folded dipole antenna structure 100 includes a planar dielectric 105 having a first side 110, and an opposite, second side 115.
In the example shown, first side 110 may be a "top" side and the second side 115 may be a "bottom" side. Planar dielectric 105 may include one or more of various types of dielectric Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 material, such as, for example, fiberglass, glass, plastic, mica, and metal oxide, and may have a thickness (Td) ranging from approximately 0.008 inches to about 0.24 inches.
In one exemplary implementation, planar dielectric 105 may have a thickness LI of 0.032 inches.
The first side 110 of planar dielectric 105 has an antenna conductor layout 120 formed upon it. The antenna conductor layout 120 forms two parallel-connected folded dipoles, as described in further detail below.

[0021] The second side 115 of planar dielectric 105 includes a feed line conductor 125, and an impedance matching (IM) conductor 135 formed thereon. Feed line conductor 125 traces a pattern upon the second side 115 of planar dielectric 105 to connect a feed connector 150, through a via 1 145, to an antenna feed section 140 (described further below) of the antenna conductor layout 120 on the first side 110 of planar dielectric 105.
In an example in which a transmitter (not shown) transmits signals via the antenna structure 100, the transmitter signals are received by the center conductor of feed connector 150, conveyed through via 1 145 to feed line conductor 125, conveyed along a length of the feed line conductor 125, and conveyed through a via 2 155 to the feed section 140 of the folded dipoles on the first side 110 of planar dielectric 105. In other implementations, signals may be conveyed from to feed section 140 via an open or shorted stub line. In an example in which a receiver (not shown) receives signals via the antenna structure 100, wireless signals received by antenna structure 100 are conveyed, via the feed section 140, through via 2 155, along a length of the feed line conductor 125, and conveyed through via 1 145 to the center conductor of feed connector 150.

[0022] IM conductor 135 includes a conductive trace that is formed at a position upon the second side 115 of planar dielectric 105 that is opposite of feed section 140 of conductor Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 layout 120 on the first side 105 of planar dielectric 105 such that conductor 135 is capacitively coupled, across planar dielectric 105 to the feed section 140 of conductor 120 on the first side 110 of planar dielectric 105. The second side 115 of planar dielectric 105 may optionally have a secondary impedance matching conductor (not shown) formed at a location along the length of the feed line conductor 125.

[0023] FIG. 2A depicts a two-dimensional "top" view of the first side 110 of antenna structure 100. FIG. 2B depicts a two-dimensional "see-through" view of the second side 115 of antenna structure 100. In the view of FIG. 2B, the material of planar dielectric 105 is depicted as transparent such that the underlying conductor layouts on the underside of planar dielectric 105 can be clearly seen. Returning to FIG. 2A, a left portion of the antenna conductor layout 120 includes a first folded dipole 200, and a right portion of the antenna conductor layout 120 includes a second folded dipole 205. As shown, feed connector 150 includes a common (e.g., ground) connection to the antenna conductor layout 120 via a connector sleeve 210 of connector 150. Both folded dipoles 200 and 205 are electrically connected to the common connection at feed connector 150. The center conductor 215 of connector 150 acts as the feed conductor and either supplies a transmitter signal (not shown) to feed line conductor 125 (FIG. 2B) through via 1 145 (not shown) or supplies a received signal from feed line conductor 125 and via 1 145 to a receiver (not shown) connected to connector 150. Feed line conductor 125 (FIG. 2B) supplies the transmitter signal through via 2 155 to feed section 140 of the antenna conductor layout 120. Therefore, folded dipole 200 and folded dipole 205 are connected in parallel with one another between the common connection at connector 150 and the feed connection from center conductor 215 of connector 150 (i.e., through via 2 155 to feed line conductor 125, through via 2 155, to feed section Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 140).

[0024] As shown in FIG. 2A, feed section 140 includes two frequency tuning elements 220, with the left-most tuning element being associated with folded dipole 1 200, and the right-most tuning element being associated with folded dipole 2 205. Each of the frequency tuning elements 220 may be modified to tune the lower resonance frequencies of antenna structure 100. A central region 240-1 of folded dipole 200 and a central region 240-2 of folded dipole 205 each includes additional pairs of frequency tuning elements 230. The left-most pair of tuning elements 230 are associated with folded dipole 1 200, and the right-most pair of tuning elements 230 are associated with folded dipole 2 205. Each of the pairs of frequency tuning elements 230 may be modified to tune the higher resonance frequencies of antenna structure 100.

[0025] As illustrated in FIGs. 2A and 2B, IM conductor 135 includes a conductive strip having, for example, a rectangular shape, that extends across a gap between the left side of feed section 140 to a right side of feed section 140 to electrically couple the two sides. In one implementation, IM conductor 135 may capacitively couple, across the dielectric material of planar dielectric 105, the left side of feed section 140 to the right side of feed section 140. In another implementation, two conductive vias (not shown) may extend through the planar dielectric 105 to connect a first end of IM conductor 135 to a left side of feed section 140, and a second end of IM conductor 135 to a right side of feed section 140. The registration or location of IM conductor 135, on second side 115, with the two sides of feed section 140 on the first side 110 is shown with dotted lines in the center of the conductor layout 120 in FIG.
2A. Additional details regarding dimensions of the components of an exemplary implementation of antenna conductor layout 120 are described below with respect to FIGs. 3, Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 4A, 4B, and 5.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 2B, via 1145, which passes through the dielectric material of planar dielectric 105, electrically connects to a first end of feed line conductor 125. The feed line conductor 125 traces a circuitous pattern upon second side 115 of planar dielectric 105 that follows a portion of the pattern of antenna conductor layout 120 on the first side 110. A
first end of feed line conductor 125 connects to center conductor 215 of connector 150 (FIG.
2A) through via 1 145, and a second end of feed line conductor 125 connects to feed section 140 of antenna conductor layout 120 through via 2 155. Additional details regarding dimensions of the various components formed on second side 115 of planar dielectric 105 of an exemplary implementation are described below with respect to FIG. 6.

[0027] FIG. 3 depicts further details of antenna conductor layout 120 on first side 110 of the planar dielectric 105 according to one exemplary implementation. As shown, folded dipole 1 200 and folded dipole 2 205 of antenna conductor layout 120 may each have a length la and a width lb. In one exemplary implementation, length la may be 2.450 inches and width lb may be 2.400 inches. Further, each of folded dipoles 200 and 205 may be bisected with a center line that divides the width lb to create a width lc. In one implementation, lc =
1/2*lb.

[0028] As further depicted in FIG. 3, antenna conductor layout 120 includes feed section 140, a first radiating section 300-1 (corresponding to the folded portion of dipole 1 200, a second radiating section 300-2 (corresponding to the folded portion of dipole 2 205), and a common section 305. In one exemplary implementation, a length ld of first radiating section 300-1 and second radiating section 300-2 may be 1.270 inches.

[0029] Feed section 140 may be divided into two sections, each having a length le and a Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 width if and each separated from one another by a gap G1 in the conductor material. In one exemplary implementation, the two sections of feed section 140 may have a length le of 1.170 inches, a width if of 0.315 inches, and a gap G1 of 0.020 inches. The two sections, each having a length le, of feed section 140 may be separated from common section 305 of antenna conductor layout 120 by a gap G2. In one exemplary implementation, the gap G2 may be 0.135 inches. Common section 305 may additionally have a width if similar to width If of the two sections of feed section 140.

[0030] Folded dipole 200 300-1 includes a feed arm 310-1 that connects to a non-feed arm 315-1. Folded dipole 205 includes a feed arm 310-2 that connects to a non-feed arm 315-2. Feed arms 310-1 and 310-2 connect, respectively, to each of the two feed sections 140 having length le. Non-feed arm 315-1 and non-feed arm 315-2 both connect to common section 305. Radiating section 300-1 of folded dipole 200 includes a non-conductive central region 240-1 formed inside the conductive traces of the folded dipole 200 (e.g., inside feed arm 310-1 and non-feed arm 315-1). Radiating section 300-2 of folded dipole 205 also includes a non-conductive central region 240-2 formed inside the conductive traces of folded dipole 205 (e.g., inside feed arm 310-2 and non-feed arm 315-2). Central regions 240-1 and 240-2 may have similar configurations and dimensions, as described further below with respect to FIGs. 4A and 4B.

[0031] FIG. 4A illustrates an expanded view of the radiating section 300-1 of folded dipole 200. As shown, the central region 240-1 of folded dipole 200 includes a pair of tuning stubs 230-1 formed as part of the conductive layout 120 on the upper and lower side of central region 240-1. Central region 240-1 has a length 4b and a width 4a. In one implementation, length 4b may be 0.525 inches and width 4a may be 0.950 inches. The upper tuning stub of Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 stubs 230-1 may have a length 4d and a width 4c. Similarly, the lower tuning stub of stubs 230-1 may have a length 4d and a width 4c. In one implementation, length 4d may be 0.223inches and width 4c may be 0.350 inches. As shown, the portion of the conductive layout 120 on the upper side of central region 240-1 may have a width of 4e, and the portion of the conductive layout on the lower side of central region 240-1 may also have a width of 4e. In one implementation, 4e may be 0.725 inches. The portion of the conductive layout 120 on the left side of central region 240-1 may have a length of 4f In one implementation, 4f may be 0.350 inches. Each of tuning stubs 230-1 may be located a distance 4g from the left-most edge of central region 240-1, and a distance 4h from the right-most edge of central region 240-1 of folded dipole 200. In one implementation, 4g may be 0.252 inches and 4h may be 0.050 inches.

[0032] FIG. 4B depicts an expanded view of the radiating section 300-2 of folded dipole 205. As shown, the central region 240-2 of folded dipole 205 includes a pair of tuning stubs 230-2 formed as part of the conductive layout 120 on the upper and lower side of central region 240-2. Central region 240-2 has a length 4b and a width 4a. In one implementation, length 4b may be 0.525 inches and width 4a may be 0.950 inches. The upper tuning stub of stubs 230-2 may have a length 4d and a width 4c. Similarly, the lower tuning stub of stubs 230-2 may have a length 4d and a width 4c. In one implementation, length 4d may be 0.223 inches and width 4c may be 0.350 inches. As shown, the portion of the conductive layout 120 on the upper side of central region 240-2 may have a width of 4e, and the portion of the conductive layout on the lower side of central region 240-2 may also have a width of 4e. In one implementation, 4e may be 0.725 inches. The portion of the conductive layout 120 on the right side of central region 240-2 may have a length of 4f In one implementation, 4f may be Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 0.350 inches. Each of tuning stubs 230-2 may be located a distance 4g from the right-most edge of central region 240-2, and a distance 4h from the left-most edge of central region 240-2 of folded dipole 205. In one implementation, 4g may be 0.252 inches and 4h may be 0.050 inches. The various dimensions of tuning stubs 230-1 and 230-2 (e.g., 4c, 4d, 4h, 4g), and radiating sections 300-1 and 300-2 (e.g., 4a, 4f 4b, 4e) may be modified to tune the higher resonance frequencies of antenna structure 100.

[0033] FIG. 5 illustrates an expanded view of feed section 140 of conductor layout 120.
The frequency tuning elements 220 of feed section 140 include a first frequency tuning element 500-1 and a second frequency tuning element 500-2. Frequency tuning element 500-1 connects to the left-most portion of feed section 140 at a distance 5a from feed arm 310-1 of radiating section 300-1. A conductive trace of frequency tuning element 500-1 has a length Li and has a width of 5b extending most of the length Li. Another portion of frequency tuning element 500-1 has a length 5d length and a width of 5c. Frequency tuning element 500-2 connects to the right-most portion of feed section 140 at a distance 5a from feed arm 310-2 of radiating section 300-2. A conductive trace of frequency tuning element 500-2 has the length Li and has a width of 5b extending most of the length Li. Another portion of frequency tuning element 500-2 has a length 5d and a width of Sc. In one exemplary implementation, 5a may be 0.180 inches, 5b may be 0.044 inches, Sc may be 0.145 inches, and 5d may be 0.840inches. As shown in FIG. 5, the conductive traces of frequency tuning elements 500-1 and 500-2 may be formed in a winding or circuitous shape that enables the lengths Li to fit within a limited space upon first side 110 of planar dielectric 105 within antenna feed section 140, thereby minimizing the use of an area upon or within planar dielectric 105. The various dimensions of frequency tuning elements 500-1 and 500-2 may be Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 modified to tune the lower resonance frequencies of antenna structure 100.

[0034] FIG. 6 depicts further details of the second side 115 of the planar dielectric 105 according to one exemplary implementation. As shown, feed line conductor 125 may include a conductive microstrip line that traces a path, that roughly corresponds to a shape of a portion .. of antenna conductor layout 120 on the first side 110, from a connection with via 1 145 to a connection with via 2 155. An optional impedance matching element (not shown), including a conductive element having a length and a width, may be formed at a distance from the connection to via 1 145 along the conductive strip-line of feed line conductor 125 upon second side 115. The length, width, and distance of the optional impedance matching element along the conductive strip-line of feed line conductor 125 may each be selected to adjust the impedance of folded dipole antenna structure 100 for impedance matching.

[0035] As further shown in FIG. 6, IM conductor 135 may include a conductive element having a length 6a and a width 6b, formed upon second side 115 such that a first end (the left side of element 135) is disposed opposite the left portion of feed section 140 of antenna conductor layout 120 to enable the first end to capacitively couple to the left end of feed section 140 through the dielectric material of planar dielectric 105.
Additionally, IM
conductor 135 may be formed upon second side 115 such that a second end (the right side of IM conductor 135) is disposed opposite the right portion of feed section 140 of antenna conductor layout 120 to enable the second end to capacitively couple to the right end of feed section 140 through the dielectric material of planar dielectric 105. IM
conductor 135, therefore, electrically couples across gap G1 (FIG. 3) between the two separate sections of feed section 140 of antenna conductor layout 120. In one exemplary implementation, length 6a may be 0.400 inches and width 6b may be 0.040 inches. The length 6a of IM
conductor Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 135 may be selected so as to tune the impedance of antenna structure 100.

[0036] FIG. 7 depicts a plot 700 of Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) versus frequency for an exemplary implementation of the folded dipole antenna structure 100 described herein. The x-axis of the plot 700 includes frequency, ranging from 500 MegaHertz (MHz) to 2.5 GigaHertz (GHz). The y-axis of the plot 700 includes VSWR, ranging from 1.00 to 4.00. As is understood in the art, for a transmitter to deliver power to an antenna, or receive power from the antenna, the impedance of the transmitter/receiver and the transmission line must be well matched to the antenna's impedance. The VSWR
parameter of an antenna numerically measures how well the antenna is impedance matched to the transmitter/receiver. The smaller an antenna's VSWR is, the better the antenna is matched to the transmitter/receiver and the transmission line, and the more power is delivered to/from the antenna. The minimum VSWR of an antenna is 1.0, at which no power is reflected from the antenna. Bandwidth requirements of antennas are typically expressed in terms of VSWR.
For example, an antenna for a particular application may need to operate from 1.0 GHz to 1.3GHz with a VSWR less than 3Ø

[0037] In the plot 700 of FIG. 7, the plotted VSWR indicates that the exemplary implementation of the folded dipole antenna structure 100 described herein has at least six separate frequency bands (each shown as a different shaded band in FIG. 7) at which the VSWR is 2.0 or lower. The first frequency band (frequency band 1) encompasses the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Band 13 (downlink) which spans from the lower frequency of about 746 MHz to the higher frequency of about 756 MHz. The second frequency band (frequency band 2) encompasses the LTE Band 13 (uplink) which spans from the lower frequency of about 777 MHz to the higher frequency of about 787 MHz. The third frequency band Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 (frequency band 3) encompasses the 900 MHz ISM band which spans from the lower frequency of about 902 MHz to the higher frequency of about 928 MHz. The fourth frequency band (frequency band 4) encompasses the LTE band 4 (uplink) which spans from the lower frequency of about 1710 MHz to the higher frequency of about 1755 MHz. The fifth frequency band (frequency band 5) encompasses the LTE band 4 (downlink) which spans from the lower frequency of about 2110 MHz to the higher frequency of about 2155 MHz. The sixth frequency band (frequency band 6) encompasses the 2.4 GHz ISM
band (Bluetoothim) which spans from the lower frequency of about 2400 MHz to the higher frequency of about 2483.5 MHz. The antenna's impedance is, therefore, well matched to the transmitter/receiver and the transmission line within the six frequency bands shown in FIG. 7.
One skilled in the art will recognize, however, that the frequency bands depicted in FIG. 7 may be changed based on changing the dimensions of the antenna structure 100, such as, for example, changing the lengths and/or widths la, lb, ld, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f 4g, and/or 4h of the antenna conductor layout 120 and/or dimensions of feed line conductor 125 and IM
conductor 135.

[0038] FIGs. 8A and 8B illustrate a three-dimensional (3D) radiation pattern 800 associated with folded dipole antenna structure 100 at a frequency of 750 MHz.
FIG. 8A
depicts an external view of radiation pattern 800, and FIG. 8B depicts a transparent view of radiation pattern 800 such that antenna conductor layout 120 can be seen within the radiation pattern 800. As shown in FIGs. 8A and 8B, radiation pattern 800 has a horn torus-like shape.

[0039] FIGs. 9A and 9B illustrate a 3D radiation pattern 900 associated with folded dipole antenna structure 100 at a frequency of 1800 MHz. FIG. 9A depicts an external view of radiation pattern 900, and FIG. 9B depicts a transparent view of radiation pattern 900 such Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 that antenna conductor layout 120 can be seen within radiation pattern 900. As shown in FIGs. 9A and 9B, radiation pattern 900 has a two-lobed dumbbell-like shape.

[0040] FIGs. 10A and 10B illustrate a 3D radiation pattern 1000 associated with folded dipole antenna structure 100 at a frequency of 2150 MHz. FIG. 10A depicts an external view of radiation pattern 1000, and FIG. 10B depicts a transparent view of radiation pattern 1000 such that antenna conductor layout 120 can be seen within radiation pattern 1000. As shown in FIGs. 10A and 10B, radiation pattern 1000 has a two-lobed pinched dumbbell-like shape.

[0041] The foregoing description of implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed.
Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the invention. For example, various antenna patterns have been shown and various exemplary dimensions have been provided. It should be understood that different patterns and/or dimensions may be used than those described herein. Various dimensions associated with, for example, antenna conductor layout 120, planar dielectric 105, feed line conductor 125, and impedance matching element 135 have been provided herein.
It should be understood that different dimensions of the conductor elements and the dielectric, such as different lengths, widths, thicknesses, etc., may be used than those described herein. The resonant frequencies, and antenna impedance, of antenna structure 100 may be adjusted based on varying the relative lengths, widths, and/or thickness of the antenna components described herein.

[0042] Certain features described above may be implemented as "logic" or a "unit" that performs one or more functions. This logic or unit may include hardware, such as one or Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09 more processors, microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits, or field programmable gate arrays, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0043] No element, act, or instruction used in the description of the present application should be construed as critical or essential to the invention unless explicitly described as such.
Also, as used herein, the article "a" is intended to include one or more items. Further, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "based, at least in part, on" unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0044] In the preceding specification, various preferred embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto, and additional embodiments may be implemented, without departing from the broader scope of the invention as set forth in the claims that follow. The specification and drawings are accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.

Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-09

Claims (18)

1. An antenna, comprising:
a first folded dipole forming a first loop and comprising a first central non-conductive region within an interior of the first loop ;
a second folded dipole foming a second loop and comprising a second central non-conductive region within an interior of the second loop, wherein the second folded dipole is con n ected in p aral 1 el to the first folded di pol e;
a first pair of tuning stubs connected to opposing sides of the first folded dipole within the first central non-conductive region of the first loop and extending into the first central non-conductive region within the interior of the first loop; and a second pair of tuning stubs connected to opposing sides of the second folded dipole within the second central non-conductive region of the second loop and extending into the second central non-conductive region within the interior of the second loop.

2. The antenna of claim 1, comprising a planar dielectric, wherein the first folded dipole and the second folded dipole are formed on a first side of the planar dielectric.

3. The antenna of claim 2, comprising a feed line conductor, formed on a second side of the planar dielectric, that couples to a feed section of the first and second folded dipoles.

4. The antenna of claim 3, comprising an impedance matching conductor formed on the second side of the planar dielectric and electrically coupled to the feed section of the first and second folded dipoles.

5. The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first and second pair of tuning stubs control higher resonant frequencies of the antenna.

6. The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a first tuning element connected to a first portion of an antenna feed section and a second tuning element connected to a second portion of the antenna feed section.

7. The antenna of claim 6, comprising a planar dielectric, wherein the first folded dipole, the second folded dipole, the antenna feed section, the first tuning element, and the second tuning element are formed on a first side of the planar dielectric.

8. The antenna of claim 6, wherein the first and second tuning elements control lower resonant frequencies of the antenna.

9. An antenna structure, comprising:
a dielectric;
a conductor layout formed on the dielectric, wherein the conductor layout comprises:
a first folded dipole foiming a first loop and comprising a first central non-conductive region within an interior of the first loop, a second folded dipole forming a second loop and comprising a second central non-conductive region within an interior of the second loop, wherein the second folded dipole is coupled in parallel to the first folded dipole, a first pair of tuning stubs connected to opposing sides of the first folded dipole within the first central non-conductive region of the first loop and extending into the first central non-conductive region within the interior of the first loop, and a second pair of tuning stubs connected to opposing sides of the second folded dipole within the second central non-conductive region of the second loop and extending into the second central non-conductive region within the interior of the second loop; and a feed line conductor formed on the dielectric and coupled to a feed section of the first and second folded dipoles.

10. The antenna structure of claim 9, wherein the dielectric comprises a planar dielectric, wherein the conductor layout is formed on a first side of the planar dielectric, and wherein the feed line conductor is formed on a second side of the planar dielectric that is opposite to the first side.

11. The antenna structure of claim 10, wherein the conductor layout comprises an impedance matching conductor formed on the second side of the planar dielectric and el ectri c ally coupl ed to the feed secti on of the first and second folded di pol es.

12. The antenna structure of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the first and second pair of tuning stubs control higher resonant frequencies of the antenna.

13. The antenna structure of any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the conductor layout comprises: a first tuning element connected to a first portion of the feed section; and a second tuning element connected to a second portion of the feed section.

14. The antenna structure of claim 13, wherein the dielectric comprises a planar dielectric, and wherein the conductor layout, the feed section, the first tuning element, and the second tuning element are formed on the first side of the planar dielectric.

15. The antenna structure of claim 13 or 14, wherein the first and second tuning elements control lower resonant frequencies of the antenna.

16. The antenna structure of any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein the feed line conductor electrically couples to the feed section of the first and second folded dipoles.

17. The antenna structure of claim 11, wherein the impedance matching conductor capacitively couples to the feed section of the first and second folded dipoles through the planar dielectric.

18. The antenna structure of claim 14, comprising an impedance matching conductor formed on a second side of the planar dielectric and electrically coupled to the feed section of the first and second folded dipoles, wherein the second side is opposite to the first side.