CA2941200A1

CA2941200A1 - Ensemble roulant

Info

Publication number: CA2941200A1
Application number: CA2941200A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Bertrand Daval; Michel Ahouanto
Original assignee: Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland; Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Current assignee: Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland; Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Priority date: 2014-04-29
Filing date: 2015-03-17
Publication date: 2015-11-05
Also published as: WO2015165637A1; FR3020312B1; FR3020312A1

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble roulant comprenant un pneumatique comprenant deux bourrelets, une jante ayant une gorge de jante disposée entre deux sièges de jante ayant chacun une extrémité axialement extérieure ladite jante présentant une largeur totale W entre chaque extrémité axialement extérieure desdits deux sièges déjante, et un adaptateur assurant la jonction entre chaque bourrelet et chaque siège déjante. Cet ensemble se caractérise en ce que l'adaptateur comprend deux extrémités axialement extérieures comprenant chacune un siège d'adaptateur et une face d'appui d'adaptateur sensiblement comprise dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation, un corps reliant lesdites deux extrémités axiales extérieures de manière à former une pièce unitaire et comprenant au moins une armature de renforcement principale, et une face destinée à être en contact avec la gorge de jante, et disposée radialement à l'intérieur, ledit adaptateur présentant une largeur axiale totale L comprise entre chaque siège d'adaptateur pour qu'un rapport W/L soit supérieur ou égale à 20% et inférieur ou égale à 60%, et en ce que la jante est constituée en un matériau choisi parmi les alliages d'aluminium et/ou de magnésium, les matériaux composites à base de fibres de carbone, de fibres de verre, de fibres d'aramide, de fibres végétales, lesdites fibres étant comprises dans une matrice à base de composés thermodurcissables ou de composés thermoplastiques, ou en un composé complexe comprenant un élastomère et un complexe à base de résine et de fibres choisies parmi les fibres de carbone, les fibres de verre, les fibres d'aramide, les fibres végétales ou les combinaisons de ces matériaux.The invention relates to a roller assembly comprising a tire comprising two beads, a rim having a rim groove disposed between two rim seats each having an axially outer end, said rim having a total width W between each axially outer end of said two rim seats, and an adapter ensuring the connection between each bead and each empty seat. This assembly is characterized in that the adapter comprises two axially outer ends each comprising an adapter seat and an adapter support face substantially comprised in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, a body connecting said two ends external axially so as to form a unitary piece and comprising at least one main reinforcing armature, and a face intended to be in contact with the rim groove, and arranged radially inside, said adapter having a total axial width L included between each adapter seat so that a W / L ratio is greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 60%, and in that the rim is made of a material chosen from aluminum alloys and / or magnesium, composite materials based on carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, vegetable fibers, said fibers being included in a matrix based on thermosetting compounds or thermoplastic compounds, or a complex compound comprising an elastomer and a complex based on resin and fibers selected from carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, vegetable fibers or the combinations of these materials.

Description

ROLLING ASSEMBLY
[0001] The invention relates to a rolling assembly. ROLLING ASSEMBLY
The invention relates to a rolling assembly.

[0002] The rolling assembly of the invention is preferably used in the field of tyres for light vehicles such as passenger cars and vans, but may also be used for heavy vehicles, civil engineering plant tyres and agricultural tyres. The rolling assembly of the invention is preferably used in the field of tyres for light vehicles, but may also be used for heavy vehicles, civil engineering plant tyres and agricultural tires.

[0003] A reminder of the definitions used in the present invention is given below:
- "axial direction": direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tyre, -"radial direction-: direction intersecting the axis of rotation of the tyre and perpendicular thereto, - "cireumferential direction": direction perpendicular to a radius and comprised in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tyre, - "radial section-: section in a plane containing the axis of rotation of the tyre, - -equatorial plane-: plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and which passes through the middle of the tread, - -mounted assembly": assembly comprising a tyre, a steel or aluminium rim, and the adaptor according to the invention. [0003] A reminder of the definitions used in the present invention is given below:
- "axial direction": direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire, -"radial direction-: direction intersecting the axis of rotation of the tire and perpendicular thereto, - "cireumferential direction": direction perpendicular to a radius and comprised in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire, - "radial section-: section in a plane containing the axis of rotation of the tire, - -equatorial plane-: plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and which pass through the middle of the tread, - -mounted assembly ": assembly comprising a tire, a steel or aluminum rim, and the adaptor according to the invention.

[0004] In order to reduce carbon dioxide gas emissions of motor vehicles, manufacturers are looking to reduce the mass of these vehicles and also the rolling resistance of the tyres fitted thereto. This rolling resistance can be reduced by increasing the outside diameter of the tyres and therefore that of the wheels. [0004] In order to reduce carbon dioxide gas emissions from motor vehicles, manufacturers are looking to reduce the mass of these vehicles and rolling resistance of the thyethy fitted thereto. This rolling resistance can be reduced by increasing the outside diameter of the tires and therefore that of the wheels.

[0005]
However, that leads to an increase in the mass of the wheel and therefore that of the vehicle. [0005]
However, that leads to an increase in the mass of the wheel and therefore that of the vehicle.

[0006] Hence, one known solution is to use materials that are more lightweight than steel to make the rim, such as aluminium alloys. However, such rims, while they are more lightweight and have a more open visual appearance thus making it easier for the heat of the brakes to be dissipated, are not sufficiently resistant to knocks such as potholes and/or knocks against kerbs. Hence, are known to be more lightweight than steel to make the rim, such as aluminum alloys. However, such rims, while they are more lightweight and have a more open visual easier for the heat of the brakes to be dissipated knocks such as potholes and / or knocks against kerbs.

[0007] Specifically, the knocks experienced by such rolling elements may cause one or more of the components of the rolling element (the tyre and/or the rim) to break. [0007] Specifically, the knocks experienced by such rolling elements may cause one or more of the components of the rolling element (the tire and / or the rim) to break.

[0008] Document US 1 250 405A describes a tyre comprising three vulcanized zones to constitute a pneumatic casing in the form of a flattened arch, an interior support and an elastie core. That document provides no specifics regarding the ratio (rim width W)/(adaptor width L). [0008] US Patent 1,250,405A describes a tire comprising three vulcanized zones to constitute a pneumatic casing in the form of a flattened arch, interior support and an elastie core. This document provides no specific information ratio (rim width W) / (adaptor width L).

[0009] Document WO 2013/045618A1 describes a lightweight wheel comprising a carbon-reinforced plastic rim and a wheel centre made of light metal. [0009] WO 2013 / 045618A1 discloses a lightweight wheel comprenant a carbon-reinforced plastic rim and a wheel center made of light metal.

[0010] Document CA2 281 651 describes a tyre and a mounted assembly comprising same. The tyre comprises a base for mounting on the rim and means for immobilizing the lyre on the rim. Document CA2 281 651 discloses a tire and a mounted assembly including same. The tire included in a base for mounting on the rim and means for immobilizing the lyre on the rim.

[0011] Document GB 2 039 831 describes a mounted assembly comprising a tyre and a rim which comprises no removable part. GB 2 039 831 describes a mounted assembly comprising a tire and a rim which included no removable part.

[0012] Thus there is still a need for a rolling assembly that is more lightweight than rolling assemblies with steel rims, and which exhibits better resistance to knocks because of better protection of the tyre, while at the saine time maintaining the same high level of tyre road holding performance, in particular its ability to develop high cornering or drift thrust. [0012] Thus there is still a need for a rolling assembly that is more lightweight than rolling assemblies with steel, and which exhibits better resistance to knocks because of better protection of the tire, while at the healthy time maintaining the same high level of road holding performance, in particular its ability to develop high cornering or drift thrust.

[0013] The subject of the invention is therefore a rolling assembly comprising a tyre comprising two beads, a rim having a rim well positioned between two rim seats, each one having an axially outer end, the said rim having a total width W
between each axially outer end of the said two rim seats, and an adaptor providing the connect ion between each bead and each rim scat. The subject of the invention is therefore a rolling assembly comprising a with two beads, a rim having a rim seats, each one having an axially outer end, the said rim having a total width W
entre each axially outer end of the said two rim seats, connect between each bead and each rim scat.

[0014] The rolling assembly is characterized in that the adaptor comprises - two axially outer ends, each one comprising an adaptor seat and an adaptor bearing face substantially comprised in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, - a body connecting the said two outer axial ends so as to form a single component and comprising at least one main reinforcement, and - a face intended to be in contact with the rim well, and positioned radially on the inside, the said adaptor having a total axial width L comprised between each adaptor seat that is such that the ratio W/L is greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 60%, in that the body comprises an immobilizing element intended to wedge the said adaptor in the rim well, and in that the rim is made of a material selected from alloys of aluminium and/or of magnesium, composite materials based on carbon fibres, glass fibres, aramid fibres, plant fibres, the said fibres being comprised in a matrix based on thermosetting compounds or on thermoplastic compounds, or of a complex composite containing an elastomer and a complex based on resin and on fibres selected from carbon fibres, glass fibres, aramid fibres, plant fibres or combinations of these materials. [0014] The rolling assembly is characterized in that the adapter included two axially outer ends, each one comprising an adapter seat and an adapter bearing face in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, - a body connecting the two outermost ends component and one at least one main reinforcement, and - a face intended to be in contact with the rim well, and radially on the inside, the said adapter having a total axial width seat that is such that the ratio W / L is greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 60%, in which the body includes an immobilizing element intended to wedge the Said adaptor in the rim well, and in that the rim is made of a material selected from alloys of aluminum and / or of magnesium, composite materials based on carbon fibers, glass fiber, aramid fiber, fiber plant, said fibers being comprised in a matrix based on thermosetting compounds or on thermoplastic compounds composite containing an elastomer and a complex based on resin and on fibers selected from carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, plant fibers or combinations of thesis materials.

[0015] The axially outer end of the adaptor axially delimits a "housing intended to accept the bead of the tyre". The bearing face of the axially outer end serves to support, in the axial direction, the bead of the tyre in the manner of a rim flange.
[00161 Thus, the housing accommodates the bead of the tyre in exactly the same \Nay as the seat of a rim conventionally would. The tyre is therefore axially immobilized by the inflation pressure and is pressed firmly against the bearing face of this axially outer end, in the manner of what happens conventionally in the case of the bead of a tyre against the rim flange of a rim.
10017] Thus, when the rolling assembly according to the invention is in operation and at the service loadings for which it is designed, the tyre is immobilized axially with respect to the rim, more specifically the beads of the tyre are immobilized axially with respect to the rim in the same way as in a conventional rolling assembly in which the beads of the tyre are mounted directly on the seats of a rim, while the beads of the tyre are not radially immobilized with respect to the rim, more specifically the beads of the tyre are capable of moving radially to some extent with respect to the rim. In standard running, it may be said that there is practically no axial deformation of the adaptor, or else that such deformation is negligible with respect to the radial deformation.
100181 By contrast, in a knock, the axial deformation of the adaptor may be great, thus contributing to reducing the stress loadings on the mounted assembly.
[0019] The assembly according to the invention offers the advantage of being of simple construction while at the same time ensuring good performance in terms of the road holding of the tyre, and in particular an ability to develop high cornering or drift thrust, this being with a rim made up of an elastic part and of an inelastic part.
[0020] Specifically, combining an elastic rim part with an inelastic rim part allows the rim flange to deform under the effect of a knock thereby significantly reducing the extent to which the wheel and the vehicle pass on loads.
[0021] For preference, the carbon-based composite materials contain long or short carbon fibres.
[0022] For preference, the fibre-based composite materials comprise fibres of a length greater than 5 mm.
100231 For preference, the matrix based on thermosetting compounds is selected from epoxy resins, vinyl ester, unsaturated polyesters, cyanate ester, bismaleimide, acrylic resins, phenolic resins, polyurethanes and combinations thereof.
[0024] For preference, the matrix based on thermoplastic compounds is selected from polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamides (PAs), semiaromatic polyamides, polyester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), polyethersulphone (PSU), polyetherim ide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polyphenylenesulphide (PPS), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene oxide (PPO).

[0025] For preference, the ratio W/L is greater than or equal to 25%
and less than or equal to 50%.
[0026] The total width W of the rim needs to be less than the total width L of the adaptor so as to guarantee this adaptor enough elasticity to correctly absorb the 5 transfer of mechanical forces inherent to a knock. Such elasticity cannot be obtained when the width of the rim is too great.
[00271 The ratio W/L as defined in the adaptor thus makes it possible to guarantee in the mounted and inflated assembly, on the one hand, a permanent and sufficient mechanical connection between the tyre and the adaptor and, on the other hand, correct absorption of the mechanical forces inherent to a knock.
100281 For preference, each outer axial end comprises an outer reinforcing element selected from a metal (steel), a composite material, a thermoplastic material, a resin, nylon, aramid. lt may comprise a matrix of resin and/or reinforcing fibres, such as rayon, aramid, PET, nylon, glass fibre, carbon fibre, basait fibre, poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
100291 The immobilizing element may have a total axial length greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 80%, and preferably greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 50% of the total width W of the rim.
[0030] This immobilizing element is preferably present in the middle part of the adaptor. The immobilizing element may be made up of one or more parts which may or may not be joined together.
[0031] The immobilizing element may also be present near one of the axially outer ends or anywhere on the body positioned between the middle position of the adaptor and one of the axially outer ends.
[0032] The rim well may also be arranged so that it is offset from the middle of the rim. The rim would therefore have two rim seats of different lengths.
10033] The well may then be positioned in any possible location on one of the two rim seats.

[0034] The immobilizing element preferably has a reinforcer with an extension modulus greater than 4 GPa and preferably greater than 12 GPa. This reinforcer may be selected from metal (steel), nylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and aramid.
The immobilizing element may comprise a matrix of resin and/or reinforcing fibres such as rayon, aramid, PET, nylon, glass fibre, carbon fibre, basait fibre, poly(ethylene 2,6 naphthalate) (PEN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyketones.
[0035] The immobilizing element may be positioned at a length "I"
situated between a median axis YY' passing through the centre of the said immobilizing element and one of the bearing faces of the said adaptor.
[0036] This length "1" is comprised between a minimum length and a maximum length which are defined by the following mathematical formulae:
= 0.1 (W + W/2 + L) and = L ¨ 0.1 (W + W/2 + L) in the case of use on a passenger vehicle, the rim seat will have a length at least equal to 5 mm, with = 5 + 0.1 OW/2 + 0.1 L and 'maxi = L ¨ (5 + 0.1 W/2 + 0.1 L) [0037] The body of the adaptor may comprise at least one projection.
This projection may be present as desired on one axially outer end or on both. The projection is preferably made of an elastomer conventionally used in the field of tyres.
100381 The body may comprise at least one projection. The projection may be present, as desired, on one axially upper end or on both. The projection is preferably made of an elastomer conventionally used in the field of tyres. The projection may be made of metal, of composite material, of thermoplastic material, of resin.
[0039] The position of the projection on the adaptor according to the invention may advantageously conform to the parametric conditions defined by the ETRTO
(the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation).

[0040] Thus, the distance -d- comprised between the centre of the projection and the bearing face of the adaptor will be dependent on the total axial width L
of the adaptor. Table 1 below provides a number of pairings between values of L and "d".
Axial width L (inches) Minimum "d" (mm) Between 3.5 and 4 16 >4.5 21 Table I
[0041] The rim seat width -A" is greater than or equal to 10% of the width W of the rim.
[0042] The width "B" between the bearing face of an axially outer end of the adaptor and the axial end of the closest rim seat is greater than or equal to 10% of the total width L of the adaptor, and preferably greater than or equal to 15%
thereof. For the wheel of a passenger vehicle, this width "B" is equal to 21 mm.
[0043] The body of the adaptor according to the invention is preferably made up of a main reinforcement formed of at least one ply of cords made of metal (steel), textile (rayon), aramid, PET, nylon, glass fibre, carbon fibre, basait fibre, poly(ethylene 2,6-naphtalate) (PEN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyketones which are parallel to one another within the ply and radial. The ply is anchored in each axially outer end to each outer reinforcing element, such as a bead wire, to form a turnup.
When the body comprises several plies, these are at an angle of between 90 and 35 with respect to the circumferential direction. When the body comprises just one reinforcing ply, this will be oriented between 60 and 90 , more preferably at 90 , 70 with respect to the circumferential direction.
[0044] The main reinforcement of the said body may have an extension modulus greater than or equal to 4 GPa.

[0045] The plies and the complex composite preferably contain elastomeric ingredients conventionally used in the field of tyres, such as rubbers that can be crosslinked, by vulcanization chemical reactions, by sulphur bridges, by carbon-carbon bonds created by the action of peroxides or of ionizing radiation or by other chains of specific atoms of the elastomer molecule, secondly thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) in which the elastically deformable parts form a network between somewhat non-deformable "hard" regions, the cohesion of which is the product of physical bonds (crystallites or amorphous regions above their glass transition temperature) and lastly non-thermoplastic elastomers and finally thermosetting resins.
[0046] The body of the adaptor may comprise a hoop arranged on at least part of its radially external surface and/or at least a radially internai part of the reinforcement.
The hoop used according to the invention is selected from the materials conventionally used in this function and in the field of tyres, and having an extension modulus greater than or equal to 4 GPa or even greater than or equal to 12 GPa.
[0047] This hoop may or may not be secured to the adaptor. If it is flot secured to the adaptor, it may be fitted after the adaptor has been mounted on the rim.
[0048] The hoop can be cold or hot bonded to the adaptor. The hoop may alternatively be secured by any mechanical means, such as by clamping or screwing.
[0049] In the event that the adaptor is fixed in position before being applied to the rim, the rim and the adaptor are then assembled by force. The adaptor is therefore rendered inseparable from the rim and cannot therefore be removed.
100501 The adaptor may be cold or hot bonded to the rim after a preliminary treatment of the metal of which the rim is made. When the adaptor is hot or cold bonded to the rim, the adaptor is irremovable.
[0051] The adaptor comprises at least one removable or otherwise conducting strip positioned over ail or part of the circumferential periphery of the said adaptor, and over a complete path extending from the adaptor bearing face to the rim J.
The presence of the conducting strip also makes it possible to ensure the conduction of electricity between the ground and the wheel, and therefore between the ground and the vehicle notably when the conductivity of the elastomeric compositions is insufficient, this being ail the more important as the tyre rests not directly on the wheel but against an adaptor.
[0052] For preference, when the conducting strip is removable or irremovable, it is positioned entirely at the radially external surface of the body.
[0053] For preference, when the conducting strip is irremovable, it is partially buried under the radially external surface of the body.
[0054] For preference, the conducting strip has an electrical resistivity less than or equal to 108 Ohm.cm, and preferably less than or equal to 10' Ohm.cm.
[0055] For preference, the conducting strip is made up, as desired, from a metallic leaf or from an elastomeric composition containing carbon black in a quantity greater than or equal to 15%.
[0056] For preference, the carbon black in the elastomeric composition has a speci fie. surface area greater than or equal to 500 m2/g.
[0057] For preference, when the conducting strip is irremovable, it is bonded or crosslinked to the elastomeric composition of the body.
[0058] In other instances, it may be considered to be removable.
[0059] The invention will now be described with the support of the examples and attached figures which are given solely by way of illustration and in which:
- Figure 1 is a schematic view in cross section of the assembly according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a schematic view in cross section of a first embodiment of the adaptor of the assembly according to the invention, and - Figure 3 depicts a schematic view in cross section of a second embodiment of the adaptor of the assembly according to the invention, and - Figure 4 depicts a schematic view in cross section of a third embodiment of the adaptor and of the rim of the assembly according to the invention, - Figure 5 depicts a schematic view in cross section of a fourth embodiment of the adaptor and of the rim of the assembly according to the invention.
100601 As Figure 1 shows, the mounted assembly of general reference 1, comprises a tyre 2 with two beads 3, a rim 4 with a rim well 5. The rim is made of carbon/epoxy composite. The well 5 is positioned between two rim seats 6. The rim hos a length W equal to 50 mm for a tyre of size 7.5J17. This length W is measured between each axially outer end of each rim seat 6. This assembly 1 further comprises an adaptor 7.
100611 The adaptor 7 comprises two axially outer ends 8. Each of these ends 8 comprises an adaptor seat 9 on which the bead 3 of the tyre 2 rests, and an adaptor bearing face 10 substantially comprised in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tyre.
[00621 The adaptor 7 further comprises a body 11 which connects each end 8 and forms a single component. This body 11 is made of a conventional reinforcement lia known in the field of tyres.
100631 When mounted, the tyre rests on each adaptor seat 9 and bears against each bearing face 10. Fora tyre of size 7.5J17, the total axial width L
between each adaptor seat 9 is equal to 190.5 mm, and "1" is equal to 56 mm.
100641 The body 11 comprises in its middle part, on each side of the median axis XX'. an immobilizing element 13 having a total axial length "1" equal to 25%
of the width L. The immobilizing element 13 is made of rubber with an extension modulus equal to 50 GPa.
[0065]
According to this embodiment, the adaptor comprises no hoop. When the rolling assembly according to the invention comprises a hoop, the latter is arranged mainly in the middle part of the body 11 on each side of the axis XX', and is made of materials conventionally used in tyres, based on textiles or on metal.
[0066] Each radially external end 8 each comprises an outer reinforcing element 14, also known as a bead wire, made of a glass/resin composite material.

[0067] As Figure 2 shows, only the adaptor 7 is depicted. It comprises a hoop 15 arranged on each side of the median axis XX'.
[0068] In the embodiment of Figure 3, the adaptor comprises, in addition to the aforementioned elements, two projections 16 each one arranged on the body 11, at least 21 mm away from the end of the bearing surface 10 in the case of a rim of size 7.5J17.
[0069] These two projections 16 are made of elastomeric rubber, possibly reinforeed with cords arranged in the cireumferential direction.
[0070] This assembly is mounted in the conventional and known way by forcibly positioning the adaptor on the rim in such a way that the immobilizing element becomes inserted into the well 5 of the rim 4. The beads 3 of the tyre 2 are then each positioned on a seat of the adaptor 9. The mounted assembly is then inflated to its nominal pressure.
[0071] In Figure 3, the immobilizing element 13 is positioned in the middle part of the adaptor 7.
[0072] As Figure 4 shows, the immobilizing element 13 is positioned offset from the median axis XX' of the adaptor but centrally with respect to the median axis ZZ' of the rim. It is arranged at a distance "1" that is greater than or equal to (W/2 + 21).
[0073] The length "I" situated between the centre of the rim well and the axially outer end of the adaptor complies with the physical constraints A> 5 mm and B > 21 mm, where A is the width of a rim seat and B is the distance between the bearing face 4 of an axially outer end of the adaptor and an axial end of a rim seat.
[0074] As Figure 5 shows, the immobilizing element 8 is positioned offset from the median axis ZZ" of the rim and from the median axis XX' of the adaptor. In this figure, it is positioned at a distance -1" in mm away from the centre of the axially outer end on the inboard side of the vehicle, where 1 = L ¨ W + 5 + W/200 ¨21 For a passenger vehiele wheel of reference 7.5 J 17, W is equal to 50 mm mm, L
to 190.5 mm and "I" to 56 mm.
[0075] The following examples show the results obtained with the adaptor according to the invention.
[0076] Example : Kerb knock tests This test involves causing a mounted assembly to mount a kerb at an angle of attack of 300. This choice of angle is based on the fact that it represents a loading that is very pcnalizing to a tyre. The test is performed with two different kerb heights (90 mm and 110 mm).
The test proceeds as follows. Several passes are made with the wheel at different speeds until the tyre becomes punctured. The starting speed is 20 km/h and then the speed is incremented by 5 km/h on each new pass.
A conventional assembly without an adaptor and with a conventional steel rim (control 1) is compared against an assembly according to document WO 00/78565 (control 2) and an assembly according to the invention with a carbon/epoxy composite rim (of the invention). These assemblies are ail of the size 205/55R16 comprising a 6.5116 rim. The results are collated in Table II below and are given in percentages:
Control l Control 2 Invention Percentage of the 100 > 150 > 150 puncturing speed compared with control ¨ kerb height 90 mm Vertical thrust load 100 50 40 level (Fz) recorded at the punctu ring speed Condition of mounted -"Eyre punctured - re and wheel Tyre. adaptor and assembly following intact wheel intact -Wheel markeci knocks -Adapter plastically deformed Table II
Results greater than 100 show an improvement in behaviour when subjected to a lateral knock.
The test performed on the kerb height of 90 mm leads to the control tyre puncturing at a speed of 30 km/h, whereas the assembly according to the invention suffers no damage at this sanie speed, or even at a speed of 50 km/h.
The test performed on the kerb height of 110 mm leads to the control tyre puncturing at a speed of 20 km/h, whereas the assembly according to the invention suffers no damage at this same speed, or even at a speed of 50 km/h. [0015] The axially outer end of the axially delimiters "housing intended to accept the bead of the tire.
serves to support, in the axial direction, the bead of the tire in the manner of a rim flange.
[00161 Thus, the housing accommodates the bead of the tire in exactly the same \ Nay the seat of a rim conventionally would. The tire is therefore axially immobilized by the inflation bearing face of this axially outer end, in the manner of what happens conventionally in the case of the bead of a tire against the rim flange of a rim.
10017] Thus, when the rolling assembly according to the invention is in operation and at the service loadings for which it is designed, the tire is immobilized axially with respect to the rim, more specifically the beads of the tire are immobilized axially with respect to the rim in the same way as in a rolling assembly in which the beads of the tire are mounted directly on the seats of a rim, while the beads of the are not radially immobilized with respect to the rim, more specifically the beads of the tire are capable of moving radially to some extent with respect to the rim. in standard running, it can be said that there is practically no axial deformation of the adaptor, or else such deformation is negligible with respect to the radial deformation.
100181 By contrast, in a knock, the axial deformation of the adapter may be great, thus contributing to reducing the stress loadings on the assembly assembly.
[0019] The assembly according to the invention offers the advantage of being of simple construction while at the same time ensuring good performance in terms of the road holding of the tire, and in particular an ability to develop high cornering or drift thrust, this being made of an elastic part and of an inelastic go.
[0020] Specifically, combining an elastic part with an inelastic rim part allows the rim flange to deform under the effect of a knock Significantly reducing the extent to which the wheel and the vehicle pass on loads.
[0021] For preference, the carbon-based composite materials contain long or short carbon fibers.
[0022] For preference, the fiber-based composite materials included fibers of a length greater than 5 mm.
100231 For preference, the matrix based on thermosetting compounds is selected from epoxy resins, vinyl ester, unsaturated polyesters, cyanate ester, bismaleimide, acrylic resins, phenolic resins, polyurethanes and mixtures thereof.
[0024] For preference, the matrix based on thermoplastic compounds is selected from polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamides (PAs), semiaromatic polyamides, polyester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), polyethersulphone (PSU), polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polyphenylenesulphide (PPS), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene oxide (PPO).

[0025] For preference, the ratio W / L is greater than or equal to 25%
and less than gold equal to 50%.
[0026] The total width W of the rim needs to be less than the total width L of the adaptor so as to guarantee this adapter adequate elasticity to right absorb tea Transfer of mechanical forces inherent to a knock. Such elasticity can not be obtained when the width of the rim is too great.
[00271 The ratio W / L as defined in the adaptor thus makes it possible to guarantee in the mounted and inflated assembly, on the one hand, permanent and sufficient mechanical connection between the tire and the adapter, on the other hand, correct absorption of the mechanical forces inherent to a knock.
100281 For preference, each outer axial end includes an outer Reinforcing element selected from a metal (steel), a composite material, a thermoplastic material, a resin, nylon, aramid. lt may include a matrix of resin and / or reinforcing fibers, such as rayon, aramid, PET, nylon, glass fiber, carbon fiber, fiber based, poly (2,6-ethylene) naphthalate) (PEN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
100291 The immobilizing element may have a total axial length greater than gold equal to 10% and less than or equal to 80%, and preferably greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 50% of the total width W of the rim.
[0030] This immobilizing element is preferably present in the middle part of the adapter. The immobilizing element may be made of one or more parts may can not be joined together.
[0031] The immobilizing element may also be present near one of the axially outer ends or anywhere in the world tea adaptor and one of the axially outer ends.
[0032] The rim well may also be arranged so that it is offset from the middle of the rim. The rim would therefore have two rim seats of different lengths.
10033] The well may then be in a possible location on one of the two rim seats.

[0034] The immobilizing element preferably has a reinforcer with an extension modulus greater than 4 GPa and preferably greater than 12 GPa. This reinforcer may be selected from metal (steel), nylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and aramid.
The immobilizing element may include a matrix of resin and / or reinforcing fibers such as rayon, aramid, PET, nylon, glass fiber, carbon fiber, fiber based, poly (ethylene 2,6 naphthalate) (PEN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyketones.
[0035] The immobilizing element may be at the center of a length "I"
Situated YY 'passing through the center of the said immobilizing element and one of the bearings of the said adaptor.
This length "1" is between a minimum length and a maximum which is defined by the following mathematical formula:
= 0.1 (W + W / 2 + L) and = L ¨ 0.1 (W + W / 2 + L) in the case of a passenger vehicle least equal to 5 mm, with = 5 + 0.1 OW / 2 + 0.1 L and 'max = L ¨ (5 + 0.1 W / 2 + 0.1 L) [0037] The body of the adapter may be included at least one projection.
this projection may be present as desired on one axially outer end or on both. Tea projection is preferably made of an elastomer conventionally used in the field of tyres.
100381 The body may be included at least one projection. The projection may be present, as desired, on one axially upper end or on both. The projection is preferably made of an elastomer conventionally used in the field of tires. The projection may be Made of metal, of composite material, of thermoplastic material, of resin.
[0039] The position of the projection on the adaptor according to the invention may advantageously conform to the parametric conditions defined by the ETRTO
(tea European Tire and Rim Technical Organization).

[0040] Thus, the distance -d between the center of the projection and the bearing of the adapter will be dependent on the total axial width L
of the adapter. Table 1 below provides a number of pairs of values of L
"D".
Axial width L (inches) Minimum "d" (mm) Between 3.5 and 4 16 > 4.5 21 Table I
[0041] The rim seat width -A "is greater than or equal to 10% of the width W of the rim.
[0042] The width "B" between the bearing face of an axially outer end of the adaptor and the axial end of the closest rim is greater than or equal to 10% of the total width of the adapter, and preferably greater than or equal to 15%
thereof. for This width "B" is equal to 21 mm.
[0043] The body of the adaptor according to the invention is preferably made up of a handmade reinforcement made of metal (Steel), textile (radius), aramid, PET, nylon, glass fiber, carbon fiber, fiber base, poly (ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyketones which are parallel to one another within the ply and radial. The ply is anchored in each axially bead wire, to form a turnup.
When the body includes several plies, these are at an angle of between 90 and 35 with respect to the circumferential direction. When the body understood just one reinforcing ply, this will be oriented between 60 and 90, more preferably at 90, 70 with respect to the circumferential direction.
[0044] The main reinforcement of the said body may have an extension modulus greater than or equal to 4 GPa.

[0045] The plies and the composite complex preferably contain elastomeric ingredients conventionally used in the field of tires, such as rubbers that can be crosslinked, by vulcanization of chemical reactions, by sulphur bridges, by carbon-carbon bonds created by the action of peroxides other chains of specific atoms of the elastomer molecule, secondly thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) in which the elastically deformable parts form a network between Somewhat non-deformable "hard" regions, the cohesion of which is the product of physical bonds (crystallites or amorphous regions above their glass transition temperature) and lastly non-thermoplastic elastomers and finally thermosetting resins.
[0046] The body of the adapter may include a hoop arranged on at least part of its radially external and / or at least a radially internai part of the reinforcement.
The hoop used according to the invention is selected from the materials conventionally used in this field, and having an extension modulus greater than or equal to 4 GPa or even greater than or equal to 12 GPa.
[0047] This hoop may or may not be secured to the adapter. If it is floating secured to the adapter, it can be fitted after the adapter mounted on the rim.
The hoop can be cold or hot bonded to the adapter. The hoop may alternatively be secured by any mechanical means, such as by clamping gold screwing.
[0049] In the event that the adapter is fixed in position before being applied to the rim, the rim and the adapter are then assembled by force. The adaptor is therefore rendered inseparable from the rim and can not be removed.
100501 The adaptor may be hot or cold preliminary treatment of the metal of which the rim is made. When the adapter is hot gold cold bonded to the rim, the adapter is irremovable.
The adapter includes at least one removable or otherwise conducting center of the said periphery of the said adapter, and over a complete path extending the face of the rim J.
Tea presence of the conductor also makes it possible to conduction of electricity between the ground and the wheel, and therefore between the ground and the vehicle when the conductivity of the elastomeric compositions is insufficient, this being the most important on the wheel but against an adaptor.
[0052] For preference, when the conductive strip is removable or irremovable, it it is entirely at the radially external surface of the body.
[0053] For preference, when the conductive strip is irremovable, it is partially buried under the radially outer surface of the body.
[0054] For preferably, the conductor has an electrical resistivity less than or equal to 108 Ohm.cm, and preferably less than or equal to 10 'Ohm.cm.
For preference, the conductive strip is made up, as desired, from a metallic leaf or from an elastomeric composition containing carbon black in a quantity Greater than or equal to 15%.
[0056] For preferably, the black carbon in the elastomeric composition has speci fied. surface area greater than or equal to 500 m2 / g.
[0057] For preference, when the conductive strip is irremovable, it is bonded gold crosslinked to the elastomeric composition of the body.
In other instances, it may be considered to be removable.
The invention will be described attached figures which are given Figure 1 is a schematic view in cross section of the assembly tea invention, - Figure 2 is a schematic view in cross section of a first embodiment of the adapter of the assembly according to the invention, and - Figure 3 episodes a schematic view in cross section of a second embodiment of the adaptator of the assembly according to the invention, and - Figure 4 episodes a schematic view in cross section of a third embodiment of the adaptor and of the rim of the assembly according to the invention, - Figure 5 episodes a schematic view in cross section of a fourth embodiment of the adaptor and of the rim of the assembly according to the invention.
100601 As Figure 1 shows, the assembly assembly of general reference 1, including a tire 2 with two beads 3, a rim 4 with a rim well 5. The rim is made of carbon / epoxy composite. The well 5 is between two rim seats 6. The rim hos a length W equal to 50 mm for a tire of size 7.5J17. This length W is Measured between each axially outer end of each rim seat 6. This assembly 1 further included an adaptor 7.
100611 The adapter 7 including two axially outer ends 8. Each of these ends 8 included an adaptor seat 9 on which the bead 2 of the tire 2 rests, and an adapter bearing face 10 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire.
[00621 The adaptor 7 further included to body 11 which connects each end 8 forms a single component. This body is made of a conventional reinforcement lia known in the field of tires.
100631 When mounted, the tire rests on each seat 9 and bears against each bearing face 10. Fora tire of size 7.5J17, the total axial width L
between each seat 9 is equal to 190.5 mm, and "1" is equal to 56 mm.
100641 The body 11 included in its middle part, on each side of the median axis XX '. an immobilizing element 13 having a total axial length "1" equal to 25%
of the width L. The immobilizing element 13 is made of rubber with an extension modulus equal to 50 GPa.
[0065]
According to this embodiment, the adapter includes no hoop. When the rolling assembly according to the invention comprising a hoop, the latter is Arranged mainly in the middle part of the body 11 on each side of the XX 'axis, and is made of conventionally used in textiles, based on textiles or on metal.
Each radially external end 8 each inclusive an outer reinforcing element 14, also known as a bead wire, made of a glass / resin composite material.

As Figure 2 shows, only the adapter 7 is depicted. It included a hoop 15 arranged on each side of the XX 'median axis.
In the embodiment of Figure 3, including the adapter, in addition to the said elements, two projections 16 each one arranged on the body 11, Has least 21 mm away from the end of the surface area 10 in the case of a rim of size 7.5J17.
These two projections are made of elastomeric rubber, Possibly reinferred with cords arranged in the cireumferential direction.
[0070] This assembly is mounted in the conventional and known way by Forcibly positioning the adapter on the rim in such a way that the immobilizing element 4. The beads 3 of the tire 2 are then each 9. The assembled assembly is then inflated rooftops nominal pressure.
[0071] In Figure 3, the immobilizing element 13 is in the middle part of the adapter 7.
[0072] As Figure 4 shows, the immobilizing element 13 is offset from the median axis XX 'of the adapter but centrally with respect to the median axis ZZ 'of the rim. It is arranged at a distance "1" that is greater than or equal to (W / 2 + 21).
The length "I" lies between the center of the rim well and the axially outer end of the adapter complies with the physical constraints A> 5 mm and B> 21 mm, where is the width of a seat and B is the distance between tea bearing face 4 of an axially outer end of the adapter and an axial end of a rim seat.
[0074] As Figure 5 shows, the immobilizing element 8 is offset from the median axis ZZ "of the rim and the median axis XX" of the adaptor.
this figure, it is at a distance -1 "in mm away from the center of the axially outer end on the sideboard of the vehicle, where 1 = L ¨ W + 5 + W / 200 ¨21 For a passenger vehiele wheel of reference 7.5 J 17, W is equal to 50 mm, L
to 190.5 mm and "I" to 56 mm.
[0075] The following examples show the results obtained with the adapter according to the invention.
Example: Kerb knock tests This test is causing an assembly to mount at an angle of attack of 300. This choice of angle is based on the fact that it represents a loading that is very pcnalizing to a tire. The test is performed with two different kerb heights (90 mm and 110 mm).
The test proceeds as follows. Several passes are made with the wheel at different speeds until the tire becomes punctured. The starting speed is 20 km / h and then the speed is incremented by 5 km / h on each new pass.
A conventional iron without a adapter and a conventional steel rim (control 1) is compared against an assembly according to WO 00/78565 (control 2) and an assembly according to the invention with a carbon / epoxy composite rim (of the invention). These assemblies are garlic of the size 205 / 55R16 comprising a 6.5116 rim. The results are collated in Table II below Percentages:
Control l Control 2 Invention Percentage of the 100>150> 150 puncturing speed compared with control ¨ kerb height 90 mm Vertical thrust load 100 50 40 level (Fz) recorded at the punctu ring speed Condition of mounted - "Eyre punctured - re and wheel Tire.
assembly following intact wheel intact -Wheel markeci knocks -Adapter plastically deformed Table II
Results greater than 100 show an improvement in behavior when submitted to a lateral knock.
The test performed on the kerb height of 90 mm leads to the control tire puncturing at speed of 30 km / h at this speed of 50 km / h.
The test performed on the kerb 110 mm leads to the control tire puncturing at a speed of 20 km / h No.
same speed, or even at a speed of 50 km / h.

Claims

14

1 ¨ Rolling assembly comprising a tire (2) comprising two beads (3), a rim (4) having a rim well (5) between two rim seats (6), each one having an axially outer end (8), the said rim (4) having a total width W each axially the said two rim seats (6), and an adapter (7) providing the connection between each bead (3) and each rim seat (6), characterized in that the adapter (7) included two axially outer ends (8), each one comprising an adaptor seat (9) and an adapter bearing face (10) in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, a body (11) connecting the two outermost ends (8) so as to form a single at least one main reinforcement, and - a face intended to be in contact with the rim well, and on the inside, the said adapter (7) having a total axial width adaptor seat that is such that the ratio W / L is greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 60%, in that the body (11) included an immobilizing element (13) intended to wedge tea said adapter in the rim well, and in that the rim (4) is made of a material selected from alloys of aluminum and / or of magnesium, composite materials based on carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, plant fibers, the said fibers being comprised in a matrix based thermosetting compounds or on thermoplastic compounds, or of a complex composite containing an elastomer and a complex based on resin and on fibers selected from carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, plant fibers or combinations of these materials.

2 ¨ Rolling assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fiber-based composite materials including fibers of a length greater than 5 mm.

3 - Rolling assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the matrix based on thermoset conpounds is selected from epoxy resins, vinyl ester, unsaturated polyesters, cyanate ester, bismaleimide. acrylic resins, phenolic resins, polyurethanes and cornbinations thereof.

4 - Rolling assernbly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the matrix based on thermoplastic compounds is selected from polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (EP) polyamides (PAs), semiaromatic polyamides, polyester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), polyethersulphone (PSU), polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (Pl), polyamideirnide (PAI), polyphenylenesulphide (PPS), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene oxide (PPO).

- Rolling assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the elastomer of the multicompound is selected from crosslinkable rubbers, thermoplastic elastomers, non thermoplastic elastomers.

6 - Rolling assernbly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ratio W / L is more than or equal to 25% and less than or equal to 50%.

7 - Rolling assernbly according to Claim 1, characterized in that each outer axial end (8) of the adapter including an external reinforcing element selected from metal, a cornposite material, a thermoplastic material, a resin.

8 - Rolling assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the irnmobilizing elernent (13) has a total axial length greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 80%, and preferably greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 50%
of the total width L of the said adaptor.

9 - Rolling assembly according to Claints 1 and 8, characterized in that the irnmobilizing element (13) has an extension modulus greater than 4 GPa and preferably greater than 12 GPa.
- Rolling assembles according to claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the irnrnobilizing element (13) is selected from metal, nylon, PET and aramid.

16

11 - Rolling assernbly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the body understood at at least one projection (16).

12 - Rolling assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection (16) is selected from a metal, a composite material, a thermoplastic material, a resin.

13 - Rolling assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the adapter included a hoop (15) having an extension rnodulus greater than or equal to 4 GPa.